mechanical law’s governed

8/4/2019 MECHANICAL LAW’S GOVERNED

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One of the common industries that governMechanical Engineering Law’s/Principles ismanufacturing industry.

Manufacturing industry refers to those industries

which involve in the manufacturing and processing of items and indulge in either creation of newcommodities or in value addition. The manufacturingindustry accounts for a significant share of theindustrial sector in developed countries. The final

products can either serve as a finished good for sale tocustomers or as intermediate goods used in theproduction process.



• Manufacturing industries are important for an

economy as they employ a huge share of the

labor force and produce materials required by

sectors of strategic importance such as national

infrastructure and defense. However, not all

manufacturing industries are beneficial to the

nation as some of them generate negative

externalities with huge social costs. The cost of

letting such industries flourish may evenexceed the benefits generated by them.



• Disciplines:

• Drafting

• Drafting or technical drawing is the means by whichmechanical engineers design products and createinstructions for manufacturing parts. A technicaldrawing can be a computer model or hand-drawnschematic showing all the dimensions necessary tomanufacture a part, as well as assembly notes, a list of required materials, and other pertinent information. AU.S. mechanical engineer or skilled worker who createstechnical drawings may be referred to as a drafter ordraftsman. Drafting has historically been a two-

dimensional process, but computer-aided design (CAD)programs now allow the designer to create in threedimensions.



• Instructions for manufacturing a part must be fedto the necessary machinery, either manually,

through programmed instructions, or through theuse of a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) orcombined CAD/CAM program. Optionally, anengineer may also manually manufacture a part

using the technical drawings, but this is becomingan increasing rarity, with the advent of computernumerically controlled (CNC) manufacturing.Engineers primarily manually manufacture partsin the areas of applied spray coatings, finishes,

and other processes that cannot economically orpractically be done by a machine.



• Thermodynamics:

• Thermodynamics is an applied science used in severalbranches of engineering, including mechanical

and chemical engineering. At its simplest,thermodynamics is the study of energy, its use andtransformation through a system. Typically, engineeringthermodynamics is concerned with changing energyfrom one form to another. As an example, automotive

engines convert chemical energy (enthalpy) from thefuel into heat, and then into mechanical work thateventually turns the wheels.

• Thermodynamics principles are used by mechanicalengineers in the fields of heat transfer, thermo fluids,and energy conversion. Mechanical engineers usethermo-science to design engines and power plants,heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)systems, heat exchangers, heatsinks, radiators, refrigeration, insulation, and others.



• Kinematics:

• Kinematics is the study of the motion of bodies(objects) and systems (groups of objects), whileignoring the forces that cause the motion. Themovement of a crane and the oscillations of a piston inan engine are both simple kinematic systems. Thecrane is a type of open kinematic chain, while the

piston is part of a closed four-bar linkage.• Mechanical engineers typically use kinematics in the

design and analysis of mechanisms. Kinematics can beused to find the possible range of motion for a given

mechanism, or, working in reverse, can be used todesign a mechanism that has a desired range of motion.



• Mechatronics:

• Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary branch of mechanical engineering, electricalengineering and software engineering that isconcerned with integrating electrical and mechanicalengineering to create hybrid systems. In this way,machines can be automated through the use of electric

motors, servo-mechanism, and other electrical systemsin conjunction with special software. A commonexample of a Mechatronics system is a CD-ROM drive.Mechanical systems open and close the drive, spin the

CD and move the laser, while an optical system readsthe data on the CD and converts it to bits. Integratedsoftware controls the process and communicates thecontents of the CD to the computer.



• Robotics is the application of Mechatronics to

create robots, which are often used in

industry to perform tasks that are dangerous,unpleasant, or repetitive. These robots may be

of any shape and size, but all are

preprogrammed and interact physically withthe world. To create a robot, an engineer

typically employs kinematics (to determine

the robot's range of motion) and mechanics

(to determine the stresses within the robot).



• Robots are used extensively in industrialengineering. They allow businesses to save

money on labor, perform tasks that are eithertoo dangerous or too precise for humans toperform them economically, and to insurebetter quality. Many companies employ

assembly lines of robots, especially inAutomotive Industries and some factories areso robotized that they can run by themselves.Outside the factory, robots have been

employed in bomb disposal, spaceexploration, and many other fields. Robots arealso sold for various residential applications.



• Examples of manufacturing industry:

• Automotive Industry

•

The automotive industry designs, develops,manufactures, markets, and sells motor,

vehicles, and is one of the world's most

important economic sectors by revenue.



•

Aircraft Industry • The aircraft industry is

the industry supporting aviation bybuilding aircraft and manufacturing aircraft

parts for their maintenance. This includes aircraftand parts used for civil aviation and militaryaviation. Most production is done pursuantto type certificates and Defense Standards issued

by a government body. This term has been largelysubsumed by the more encompassing term:"aerospace industry".



• Metalworking Industry

• Metalworking is the process of workingwith metals to create individual parts,

assemblies, or large scale structures. The term

covers a wide range of work from largeships and bridges to precise engine parts and

delicate jewelry. It therefore includes a

correspondingly wide range of skills,

processes, and tools.



• The following studies that are considered in amanufacturing industry:

• Statics: How are forces transmitted to and

throughout a structure?• Dynamics: What are the velocities, accelerations

and resulting forces for a system in motion?

• Kinematics: How does a mechanism behave as it

moves through its range of motion?• Strength of Materials: Is the component strong

enough to support the loads? Is it stiff enough?

• Materials Science: Which material has the

optimum properties?• Thermodynamics: How does energy get

converted to useful power? What are the losses?



• Fluid Mechanics: What is the pressure drop due to thefluid flow? What are the aerodynamic drag forces?

• Heat Transfer: How do you calculate heat transfer rates

from temperature data? How do you predict thetemperature distributions?

• Manufacturing: What manufacturing processes do youselect?

• Machine Design: How do you synthesize all of theabove?

• Electrical Circuits: How do you integrate electroniccontrols into your design?

• Laboratory Methods: How do you make and interpret

both thermal and mechanical measurements?• Vibrations: How do you predict and control vibrations?

• Engineering Economics: How do you estimatemanufacturing costs?

mechanical law’s governed

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