media industries
DESCRIPTION
MEDIA INDUSTRIES. Purpose. Discuss: Media texts as products of institutional, economic and industrial processes. The production, distribution and exhibition of media texts. The advances in media technologies and how it effects the production and consumption of media. FILM INDUSTRIES. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MEDIA INDUSTRIES
Purpose
Discuss:1. Media texts as products of institutional,
economic and industrial processes.
2. The production, distribution and exhibition of media texts.
3. The advances in media technologies and how it effects the production and consumption of media
FILM INDUSTRIES
Contemporary Film Industries
“The film industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, film production,
screen-writing, pre- / Post- production, Film festivals, distribution, actors, directors and film crew.”
Hollywood Bollywood UK film Industry
Hollywood The cinema of
the United States often
generally referred to
as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on
cinema across the world
since the early 20th century.
1886 Landowners Harvey &
Daeida Henderson Wilcox named their farm Hollywood after Daeida met a woman in Ohio whose country house was called “Hollywood” for the English holly and woods.
1911 The first motion picture
studio in Hollywood was built by the Nestor Motion Picture Company on Sunset and Gower corner. Nestor Studios merged one year later with Universal Film Company.
Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO and Columbia – had studios in Hollywood, as did several minor companies and rental studios. A new commercial and retail
sector opened up.
1915 William Fox starts the Fox Film
Foundation with studios built in New Jersey and Hollywood.
D.W. Griffith's "Birth of a Nation" is released. Hailed as the most important film of all time for American movie history for introducing story flashbacks, dramatic close-ups, cross-cutting.
1916 Paramount is created when
Jesse L. Lasky Co. merges with Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Co.
1923 To publicize a new housing
development, a sign is erected for Hollywoodland. The -land was taken off in 1949.
1928 Mickey Mouse debuted in
the first synchronized sound cartoon “Steamboat Willie” by the Disney Brothers Production Company. The cartoon was drawn and filmed in their garage in Los Feliz.
1929 The first Oscar Awards
Ceremony is held at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, across from the Chinese Theater, by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Since the 1920s, the American film
industry has grossed more money every year than that of
any other country. Hollywood is ranked
as the no.1 film industry in the
world. It produces roughly 500 films a
year.
Bollywood Bollywood is the informal term
popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai and not the whole of Indian cinema. It is derived from Bombay.
India is the largest producer of films in the world, in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced i.e. 1000 movies per year. The Indian film industry is Multi-Lingual. The industry is supported mainly by a vast film-going Indian public, and Indian films have been gaining increasing popularity in the rest of the world—notably in countries with large numbers of expatriate Indians.
However, unlike Hollywood,
Bollywood does not exist as a
physical place. Though some
deplore the name, arguing that it
makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood, it has its own entry in
the Oxford English Dictionary.
Raja Harishchandra (1913) is known as the first silent feature
film made in India. By the 1930s, the industry was
producing over 200 films per annum
Following India’s Independence, the period from the late 1940s
to the 1960s is regarded by film historians as the "Golden Age" of Hindi cinema. Some of the
most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period. Examples include the Pyaasa (1957),
Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959), Awaara (1951) ,Shree 420 (1955),
Mother India (1957) and K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam (1960)
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, romance movies and action films starred
actors like Rajesh Khanna and Sharmila Tagore.
In the mid-1970s, romantic confections made way for gritty, violent films about
gangsters and bandits using Amitab Bachan as an actor, which lasted into the
early 1990s.
The 2000s saw a growth in Bollywood's popularity in the world. This led the nation's filmmaking to new heights in terms of quality, cinematography
and innovative story lines as well as technical advances in areas such
as special effects, animation, and so on.
Some of the largest production houses,
among them Yash Raj Films and Dharma
Productions were the producers of new
modern films
UK Film Industry The United Kingdom has
had a significant film industry for over a century. The first moving pictures
developed on celluloid film were made in London in 1889 by British inventor William Friese Greene.
Some of the most commercially successful
films of all films have been produced in the United
Kingdom, including the two highest-grossing film
series (Harry Potter and James Bond).
The 'golden age' of British cinema is usually thought to have occurred
in the 1940s, during which the directors David Lean, Michel Powell, and
Carol Reed produced their most highly acclaimed work.
The identity of the British
industry, and its relationship with
Hollywood, has been the subject of debate. The
history of film production in Britain has often been affected by attempts to
compete with the American industry.Numerous British-born directors, including Alfred Hitchcock and Ridley Scott, and
performers, such as Charlie Chaplin and Cary Grant, have achieved success primarily through their work in the United States.
In 2009 British films grossed around $2 billion worldwide
and achieved a market share of around 7% globally
and 17% in the United Kingdom.
UK box-office takings totalled £1.1 billion in
2012,with 172.5 million admissions.
The annual British Academy Film Awards hosted by
the British Academy of Film and Television Arts are the
British equivalent of the Oscars.
The first moving picture was shot in Leeds (1888)
The Lumiere Brothers show first came to London in 1896.
AlfredHitchcock’s Blackmail (1929) is often regarded as
the first British sound feature.
The British New Wave film makers attempted to
produce social realist films attempted in commercial
feature films released between around 1959 and 1963 to convey narratives about a wider spectrum of people in Britain than the country's earlier films had
done.
As the 1960s progressed, American studios returned to financially supporting British films,
Films like Darling, Alfie, Georgy Girl, and The Knack …and How to Get It all explored this
phenomenon.
The first decade of the 21st century was a relatively successful one for
the British film industry. Many British films found a wide international
audience due to funding from BBC Films, Film 4 and the UK Film Council,
and some independent production companies, such as Working Title, secured financing and distribution deals with major American studios.
The film industry remains an
important earner for the British economy. According to a UK Film
Council press release of 20 January 2011, £1.115 billion was spent on UK
film production during 2010.
What you need to consider…
Production Writing a script, setting a budget, crewing up cast, filming, editing. The
process of making a film/films.
Distribution
The studio buys the rights, the studio makes a licensing agreement with a distribution company, they decide how many copies of the films are made, the negotiate the deals of
selling
Marketing
Important part of the release to maximize revenues. (trailers /
posters / cards / etc)
Ownership
Companies owning the particular media institutions.
Synergy
Different elements of a company working together to produce one
thing.
Proliferation
A sudden increase in the media networks/ hardwares/etc available.
Technology
Usage of machines, systems and techniques to generate media
content
Home Work
Research about a particular media industry of your choice (Hollywood, Bollywood or UK film industry) and brief about its production, distribution, marketing, ownership, Synergy, proliferation in technology and usage of technology.