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Media Kit2018 MĀORI ELECTORAL OPTION

1Māori Electoral Option Media Kit

The Māori Electoral Option is when voters of Māori descent can choose to be on the Māori roll or the general roll. It’s a choice that can only be made when enrolling for the first time, or during the Māori Electoral Option period.

The 2018 Māori Electoral Option will run from Tuesday 3 April until Thursday 2 August. The next Option is expected to take place in 2024 so the choice Māori voters make now will determine which roll they will be on for the next two general elections. Māori roll or general roll - now is the time to choose.

Over the coming months, the Electoral Commission will run face-to-face community engagement and advertising campaigns to raise awareness about the Option and encourage Māori voters to take part.

The media also have an important role to play informing voters of their choice. This Media Kit will help journalists covering the Māori Electoral Option. It includes answers to frequently asked questions, background on the history of the Option, statistics from previous Options, and information on how the number of Māori and general electorates are calculated.

Media contact details

Clare Pasley is the first point of contact for media enquiries relating to the Māori Electoral Option.

Clare PasleyCommunications and Education Advisor (Media)Electoral Commission04 806 3536027 551 [email protected]@elections.govt.nz

Websiteswww.elections.org.nzwww.maorioption.org.nz


CONTENTS

Māori Electoral Option timeline 3

Frequently asked questions 5

Frequently asked questions in te reo Māori 11

History of the Māori Electoral Option 17

Calculation of seats for parliamentary elections 19

Useful statistics 22

Past Māori Electoral Option data 23

Māori enrolment 24

Numbers of electorates 27

2013 Māori Electoral Option results by electorate 28

Māori turnout in recent elections 30

timeline


2018 Māori Electoral Option timeline

Tuesday 6 March The New Zealand Census is held by Stats NZ. The data collected, along with the results of the MEO, will be used to calculate the general and Māori electoral populations and the number of electorates for the next two general elections.

Saturday 24 March The Electoral Commission launches the 2018 Māori Electoral Option.

Sunday 25 March Advertising begins.

Tuesday 3 April Mailout begins to all enrolled voters who have identified themselves as being of Māori descent.

1 May, 1 June, 2 July Monthly updates on roll change to be published on the Electoral Commission website.

18 - 22 June Reminders sent by text to people who have not yet responded.

Thursday 2 August Final day of the Option.

Week commencing 13 August Option results expected to be released this week.

Timeline for decisions on number of seats and boundaries

Date TBC The number of electorates will be released by Stats NZ

Mar – Sep 2019 Review of electorate boundaries conducted by the Representation Commission

2020 New boundaries in place for the 2020 election

Electoral Commission – runs the Māori Electoral Option when voters of Māori descent can choose between the Māori roll and the general roll.

Stats NZ – uses data from the Māori Electoral Option and 2018 Census to calculate the number of Māori and general electorates.

Representation Commission – determines the electorate boundaries for the next two general elections.

Frequently Asked Questions


The Māori Electoral Option

What is the Māori Electoral Option? A chance for New Zealand Māori to choose to be on either the Māori Electoral Roll or the General Electoral Roll when they vote in the next two General Elections.

When is the Māori Electoral Option being held?The Māori Electoral Option will take place over the four month period from Tuesday 3 April to Thursday 2 August 2018.

How do I take part in the 2018 Māori Electoral Option?If you’re enrolled to vote and you said you were of New Zealand Māori descent when you enrolled, you will be sent a personalised Māori Electoral Option pack in the mail.

The pack will come to you in the week starting 3 April 2018. It will be sent to you at the most recent address we have for you.

The pack will contain a letter confirming the electoral roll you are currently enrolled on and information to help you make your choice.

If you want to change the electoral roll you are on (either from Māori to General or General to Māori) sign and date the letter you received and send it back. To return your letter:

• Scan or photograph it and upload it at maorioption.org.nz• Scan or photograph it and email it to [email protected]• Post it in the reply envelope provided in your pack.

If you do not want to change the electoral roll you are on you do not need to do anything.

If I don’t receive a 2018 Māori Electoral Option form in the mail by what should I do?It means you’re not enrolled, your address details are not up to date or we don’t know that you’re of Māori descent. You need to fill in a new enrolment form. You can do it by:

• Visiting maorioption.org.nz

• Freetexting your name and address to 3676 to be sent an enrolment form

• Calling 0800 36 76 56 or

• Visiting any PostShop and filling in an enrolment form.

How will I know if I have been registered on either the Māori or the General Roll?If you are already enrolled, the roll you are currently on will be highlighted in the 2018 Māori Electoral Option pack sent to you in the mail.

http://maorioption.org.nz

mailto:maorioption%40elections.org.nz?subject=



If you are enrolling for the first time, or you change the roll you are on as part of the Māori Electoral Option, you will receive a letter confirming your enrolment and the roll you have chosen.

You can also check your enrolment and the roll you are on at elections.org.nz or by calling 0800 36 76 56.

I am Māori but not enrolled at all. What should I do?You need to fill in an enrolment form. You can do it by:

• Visiting maorioption.org.nz• Freetexting your name and address to 3676 to be sent an enrolment form• Calling 0800 36 76 56 or• Visiting any PostShop and filling in an enrolment form.

The enrolment form has a place for you to choose whether to be on the General Roll or the Māori Roll. Sign and date the appropriate panel on the form to indicate the roll of your choice.

Who can take part?

Who is eligible to take part in the Māori Electoral Option?Only New Zealand Māori. The Electoral Act defines Māori as ‘a person of the Māori race of New Zealand; and includes any descendant of such a person’. This includes Chatham Islands Māori.

Can Māori living overseas take part in the Māori Electoral Option?Yes, as long as they are qualified to enrol to vote. A person living overseas is qualified to enrol if they:

• are 18 years or older; and• have lived in New Zealand continuously for one year or more at some point, and are either

- a New Zealand citizen, who has been in New Zealand at some time in the past three years; or - a New Zealand permanent resident who has been in New Zealand at some point in the past 12 months.

For electoral purposes a permanent resident is someone who is lawfully able to be in New Zealand and has no requirement to leave within a specified time.

If you’re enrolled to vote, indicated that you were of Māori descent when you enrolled and included an overseas postal address, a Māori Electoral Option Pack will be sent to your overseas address.

To change the electoral roll you are on (either from Māori to General or General to Māori) sign and date the letter you received and send it back. To return your letter:

• Scan or photograph it and upload it at maorioption.org.nz• Scan or photograph it and email it to [email protected]

• Post it in the reply envelope provided in your pack.

http://elections.org.nz





Are Pacific Islanders allowed to go on a Māori Roll?No. Only people of New Zealand Māori descent can be registered on the Māori Roll. Cook Islands Māori must be registered on the General Roll.

Is the Option open to whāngai?Only if the whāngai or adopted child/children are of New Zealand Māori descent.

Why should I be involved? Taking part means you decide which electoral roll you want to be on – Māori or General. This affects who you get to choose from to represent you in Parliament. It also helps to set the number of Māori and General electorates and the electorate boundaries for the next two elections.

Why do I have to complete the Māori descent question on the enrolment form?Only a person who has indicated on their enrolment form that they are of Māori descent is eligible to choose to be on the Māori roll. Only a person who has indicated that they are of Māori descent when they enrolled will be sent a Māori Electoral Option pack.

Implications

How does the Māori Electoral Option affect the number of Māori electorates?The number of Māori electorates depends on the number of Māori who are enrolled on the Māori roll at the end of the Option. It also depends on the results of the Census which counts the total population including people of Māori descent who are not enrolled and those who are under 18 and not eligible to enrol.

The number of Māori enrolled on the Māori roll, could mean that the number of Māori electorates increases, decreases or stays the same.

There are currently seven Māori electorates and 64 General electorates.

What roll change would be required for the number of Māori seats to change?The Electoral Commission cannot provide a specific number. The calculation will be made by Stats NZ and will depend on the results of the Option, as well as results from the 2018 Census.

Stats NZ has provided some estimates of the roll changes that could affect the number of seats. See tables in the statistics section of the 2018 Media Kit.

How does the Māori Electoral Option affect my vote on Election Day?If you’re on the General roll, you will be able to vote for a candidate in a General electorate at the next two general elections.


The person who wins the most votes in your General electorate will become your local Member of Parliament (MP) and represent you and your electorate in Parliament.

If you’re on the Māori Roll, you will vote for a candidate in a Māori electorate at the next two general elections.

The person who wins the most votes in your Māori electorate will become your local MP and represent you and your electorate in Parliament.

You can vote for the same list of political parties regardless of which roll you are on.

Does it affect who I can vote for with my Party Vote?

No. Every voter gets the same list of political parties to choose from when using their Party vote regardless of which electoral roll they are on or where they live in the country.

Will my choice have any impact on how I vote in council or District Health Board elections?The electoral roll you choose may have an impact on your vote in a local authority or council election if your local authority has created Māori Wards or Constituencies under the Local Electoral Act 2001.

If you choose to go on the Māori Roll and your local authority has established a Māori Ward or Constituency, you would have to vote for the candidate in the Māori Ward.

Why can’t I change roll type at any other time?Under electoral legislation, people already enrolled can only change the type of electoral roll they are on during a Māori Electoral Option.

The frequency of Māori Electoral Options is set by Parliament. Currently, Māori Electoral Options are held after each five yearly Census of Population and Dwellings. The results of the Māori Electoral Option together with the Census data are used to determine the number of Māori and General electorates in Parliament and to set electorate boundaries.

Other questions

Is this part of Census?No. Census is run by Stats NZ and took place on Tuesday, 6 March 2018. Census is the official count of people in New Zealand and the places they live. Visit census.govt.nz or call 0800 236 787 for more information about Census.

What proportion of electors of Māori descent are currently enrolled on the Māori roll versus the General roll?At 31 January 2018, of the 478,944 electors of Māori descent enrolled to vote, 252,985 (53%) were on the Māori roll and 225,959 (47%) were on the general roll.


What was the result of the last Māori Electoral Option?Of the 413,348 electors of Māori descent on the Māori and General rolls at the end of the Option, 4% (17,120) changed roll types and a further 11% (45,939) took the opportunity to update their other enrolment details. There were 9,175 new enrolments. There was no change to the number of Māori electorates.

See statistics tables for more detailed figures.

Why is the next Option scheduled to take place in six year rather than five years? By law, the Māori Electoral Option and the Representation Commission review of electoral boundaries can’t be held in the same year as a general election. An election is expected to be held in 2023, which means both the Māori Electoral Option and boundary review will take place in 2024.

Frequently Asked Questions in te reo māori


Te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori

He aha te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori? He whai wāhitanga mō ngā Māori o Aotearoa ki te kōwhiri mēnā ki te Rārangi Pōti Māori, te Rārangi Pōti Whānui rānei rātau ina pōti rātau i ngā Pōtitanga Whānui e rua e whai ake.

Āhea ka tū te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori whai ake?Ka tū te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori mō te whā marama mai i te 3 o Paengawhāwhā–2 o Hereturikōkā 2018.

Me pēhea taku whai wāhi ki te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori 2018?Mēnā kua rēhita koe ki te pōti, ka mutu i kī koe he uri Māori koe i tō rēhitatanga, ka tukuna atu he mōkī Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori i roto i te mēra.

Ka tae atu te mōkī ki a koe i te wiki ka tīmata i te 3 o Paengawhāwha 2018. Ka tukuna atu ki a koe i te wāhi noho o nā tata rawa kei a mātau.

Kei roto i te mōkī ko tētahi reta e whakaū ana i te rārangi pōti e rēhita ai koe i tēnei wā me ngā kōrero hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i tō kōwhiringa.

Mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te whakawhiti mai i te rārangi pōti kei runga koe (mai i te rārangi Māori ki te Whānui, mai te Whānui ki te Māori rānei) me waitohu ka tuhi i te rā i whiwhi i a koe ka whakahokia mai. Hei whakahoki i tō reta:

• Karapatia, ka whakaahua rānei ka tukuatu ki maorioption.org.nz• Karapatia, ka whakaahua rānei ka īmēra ki [email protected] • Me pōhi ki te kōpaki whakahoki kei tō mōkī.

Mēnā kāore koe i te hiahia ki te huri i te rārangi pōti kei runga koe kāore he paku aha māu.

Mēnā kāore ahau i whiwhi i tētahi mōkī Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori 2018 i roto i te mēra me aha ahau?Ko te tikanga o tēnei kāore anō koe kia rēhita, he tawhito ō taipitopito wāhi noho, kāore rānei mātau i te mōhio he uri Māori koe. Me whakakī e koe tētahi puka rēhita hōu. Ka taea anō e koe tēnei mā te:

• Haere ki maorioption.org.nz • Te patowaea koreutu i tō ingoa me tō wāhi noho ki 3676 kia tukuna atu he puka rēhita• Waea ki 0800 36 76 56, tērā rānei

• Me haere ki tētahi PostShop ka whakakī i tētahi puka rēhita.

Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā kua rēhita ahau i te Rārangi Māori, Whānui rānei?Mēnā kua rēhita kē koe, ka whakaaturia te rārangi kei runga koe i tēnei wā i roto i te mōkī Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori 2018 ka tukuna atu ki a koe i te mēra.

Mēnā e rēhita ana koe mō te wā tuatahi, ka huria rānei e koe te rārangi kei runga koe hei wāhanga o te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori, ka whiwhi koe i tētahi reta e whakaū ana i tō rēhita me te rārangi i kōwhiria e koe.





Ka taea e koe tō rēhita te tiro me te rārangi kei runga i elections.org.nz, te waea rānei ki 0800 36 76 56.

He Māori ahau engari kāore ahau i te rēhita. Me aha ahau?Me whakakī e koe tētahi puka rēhita. Ka taea anō e koe tēnei mā te:

• Haere ki maorioption.org.nz • Te patowaea koreutu i tō ingoa me tō wāhi noho ki 3676 kia tukuna atu he puka rēhita• Waea ki 0800 36 76 56, tērā rānei• Me haere ki tētahi PostShop ka whakakī i tētahi puka rēhita.

Kei runga i te puka rēhita tētahi wāhi māu hei kōwhiri mēnā me eke koe ki te Rārangi Whānui, Rārangi Māori rānei. Me waitohu me te tuhi i te rā ki te pae tika kei te puka hei tohu i te rārangi i kōwhiria e koe.

Ko wai ka āhei ki te whakauru mai?

Ko wai ka āhei ki te whakauru ki te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori?Ko ngā Māori o Aotearoa anake. E ai ki te Ture Pōti ko te Māori he ‘tangata nō te iwi Māori o Aotearoa; me nga uri o taua tangata’. Kei roto anō i tēnei ko ngā Māori o Wharekauri.

Ka āhei anō ngā Māori e noho ana i tāwāhi te whakauru mai ki te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori?Āe, engari me āhei rātau ki te rēhita ki te pōti. E āhei ana tētahi i tāwāhi ki te rēhita mēnā:

• 18 ōna tau, neke atu rānei; ā, • i noho haere ia ki Aotearoa mō te tau kotahi, neke atu rānei i tētahi wā, ka mutu

- he kirirarau ia nō Aotearoa, e noho ana i Aotearoa i roto i te toru tau kua taha ake nei; tērā rānei - he kainoho tūturu ki Aotearoa i Aotearoa ia i roto i ngā 12 marama kua taha ake nei. Mō te kaupapa pōti

ko te kainoho tūturu he tangata tērā e āhei ana ki te noho ā-ture i Aotearoa, ā, kāore he herenga ki te wehe atu i roto i tētahi wā whāiti.

Mēnā kua rēhita koe ki te pōti, i tohu rānei koe he uri Māori koe i tō rēhitatanga, ā, me te whakauru atu i tētahi wāhi noho mēra o tāwāhi ka tukuna atu he Mōkī Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori ki tō wāhi noho i Aotearoa.

Hei whakawhiti mai i te rārangi pōti kei runga koe (mai i te rārangi Māori ki te Whānui, mai te Whānui ki te Māori rānei) me waitohu ka tuhi i te rā i whiwhi i a koe ka whakahokia mai. Hei whakahoki i tō reta:

• Karapatia, ka whakaahua rānei ka tukuatu ki maorioption.org.nz• Karapatia, ka whakaahua rānei ka īmēra ki [email protected]

• Me pōhi ki te kōpaki whakahoki kei tō mōkī.

E āhei ana ngā tāngata o ngā moutere a Kiwa ki te eke ki te Rārangi Māori?Kāo. Ka taea ngā tāngata uri Māori anake o Aotearoa te rēhita ki te Rarangi Māori. Me rēhita ngā Māori Kuki Airangi ki te Rārangi Whānui.





Kei te tuwhera te Kōwhiringa ki ngā whāngai?Ko ngā tamariki whāngai uri Māori o Aotearoa anake.

He aha te take me whakauru ahau? Mā te whakauru mai ka whiriwhiri koe ki tētahi rārangi e hiahia ana koe ki te eke ki runga – Māori, Whānui rānei. E whai pānga ana tēnei ki tō kōwhiri i tētahi māngai mōu i te Pāremata. He āwhina anō ki te whakarite e hia ngā rohe Māori me te Whānui me ngā rohenga pōti mō ngā pōtitanga e rua e whai ake.

He aha te take me whakaoti e au te pātai uri Māori kei te puka rēhita?Ko te tangata anake nāna nei i tohu ki tana puka rēhita he uri Māori ia ka āhei ki te kōwhiri kia eke atu ia ki te rārangi Māori. Ko te tangata anake nāna nei i tohu he uri Māori i tana rēhitatanga ka tukuna atu he mōkī Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori.

Ngā whakahīrautanga

He pēhea te whai pānga o te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori ki te maha o ngā rohe pōti Māori?Mā te maha o ngā Māori kua rēhita ki te rārangi Māori i te mutunga o te Kōwhiringa e tohu e hia ngā rohe pōti Māori. Kei te āhua anō o ngā hua o te Tatauranga Whānui e tatau ana i te taupori tapeke tae atu ki ngā tāngata uri Māori kāore i te rēhita me ērā kei raro i te 18 tau, ā, kāore i te āhei ki te rēhita.

Kei te maha o ngā Māori kua rēhita ki te rārangi Māori e tohu mēnā ka piki, heke, noho ōrite tonu rānei ngā rohe pōti Māori.

I tēnei wā e whitu ngā rohe pōti Māori, ā, e 64 ngā rohe pōti Whānui.

He pēhea te whai pānga o te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori ki taku pōti i te Rā Pōtitanga?Mēnā kei runga koe i te rārangi Whānui, ka taea e koe te pōti mō tētahi kaitono kei te rohe pōti Whānui i ngā pōtitanga whānui e rua e whai ake.

Ko te tangata ka riro i a ia te nuinga o ngā pōti i tō rohe pōti Whānui ka noho hei Mema Pāremata (MP) mōu me te noho hei māngai mōu i te Pāremata.

Mēnā kei runga koe i te rārangi Māori, ka pōti koe mō tētahi kaitono kei te rohe pōti Māori i ngā pōtitanga whānui e rua e whai ake.

Ko te tangata ka riro i a ia te nuinga o ngā pōti i tō rohe pōti Māori ka noho hei MP mōu me te noho hei māngai mōu i te Pāremata.

Ka āhei koe ki te pōti mō ngā rōpū tōrangapū ōrite ahakoa kei tēhea rārangi koe.

He pānga tō tēnei ki te hunga hei pōti māku me taku Pōti Rōpū?Kāo. Ka whiwhi i ia kaipōti taua rārangi rōpū tōrangapū anō hei whiriwhiri ina whakamahia e ia tana Pōti Rōpū ahakoa kei tēhea rārangi pōti ia, ahakoa kei hea ia e noho ana i te motu.


He pānga tō taku kōwhiringa ki te āhua o taku pōti i ngā pōtitanga kaunihera, Poari Hauora ā-Ro-he?He pānga pea tō rārangi pōti i kōwhiria e koe ki tō pōti i roto i ngā pōtitanga ā-rohe, kaunihera rānei mēnā i whakatūhia e tō kaunihera he Rohe Pōti Māori i raro i te Local Electoral Act 2001.

Mēnā ka kōwhiri koe ki te eke ki te Rārangi Pōti Māori, ā, kua whakatūhia e tō kaunihera he Rohe Pōti Māori, me pōti koe mō tētahi kaitono kei te Rohe Pōti Māori.

He aha te take kāore e taea e au te whakawhiti rārangi i tētahi atu wā?I raro i te ture pōtitanga, ka taea anake e ngā tāngata kua rēhita kē te whakawhiti mai i te momo rārangi pōti kei runga rātau i te wā o te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori.

Nā te Pāremata i whakatau i te auautanga o ngā Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori. I tēnei wā, e whakahaerehia ana ngā Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori i muri i ia Tātauranga Whānui o te Taupori me ngā Nohoanga ā-rima tau. Ko ngā hua o te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori me ngā raraunga o te Tatauranga Whānui ka whakamahia hei whakarite i te maha o ngā rohe pōti Māori, Whānui hoki i te Pāremata me te whakarite i ngā rohenga pōti.

He pātai ano

Nōnahea i whakatūhia ai ngā tūru Māori?E whā ngā tūru Māori i whakatūhia e te Pāremata o Aotearoa o te tau 1867. I te tau 1975 i whakaurua e te kāwanatanga te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori kia whakahaerehia i te taha (i muri rānei) i ia tatauranga whānui. Nā tēnei e āhei ai ngā kaipōti uri Māori ki te kōwhiri mēnā ka rēhita rātau ki ngā rohe pōti Whānui, Māori rānei.

He wāhanga tēnei nō te Tatauranga Whānui?Kāo. E whakahaerehia ana te Tatauranga Whānui e Tatauranga Aotearoa, ā, ka tū ā te Tūrei, te 6 o Poutūterangi 2018. Ko te Tatauranga Whānui te tatau whaimana o ngā tāngata i Aotearoa me ngā wāhi e noho ana rātau. Haere ki census.govt.nz, waea rānei ki 0800 236 787 mō ngā kōrero atu anō mō te Tatauranga Whānui.

He aha te ōwehenga o ngā kaipōti uri Māori kua rēhita i tēnei wā ki te rārangi Māori e ai ki te rārangi Whānui?I te Rā Pōti (23 Mahuru 2017), o ngā kaipōti uri Māori 476,797, e 251,793 (52.8%) i rēhita ki te rārangi Māori, ā, e 225,004 (47.2%) i rēhita ki te rārangi Whānui.

He aha te putanga o te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori tōmua?O ngā kaipōti uri Māori 413,348 kei ngā rārangi Māori me te Whānui i te mutunga o te Kōwhiringa, e 4% (17,120) i whakawhiti rārangi, ā, he 11% (45,939) atu anō i whai wāhi ki te whakahou i ētahi atu o ā rātau taipitopito rēhita. E 9,175 ngā rēhita hōu. Kāore he huringa ki te maha o ngā rohe pōti Māori.


He aha te take ka tū te Kōwhiringa whai ake nei hei te ono tau kaua te rima tau? I raro i te ture, kāore e taea te arotake a te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori me te Representation Commission i ngā rohenga pōti i te tau e tū ana te pōtitanga whānui. Kua whakaritea te pōtitanga kia tū hei te tau 2023, nō reira ka whakahaerehia te Kōwhiringa Pōti Māori me te arotake rohenga ā te tau 2024.

History of the Māori Electoral Option


In 1867 the New Zealand Parliament established four Māori electorates to give Māori a voice in Parliament. All Māori men over the age of 21 were eligible to vote in these electorates, without having to meet the requirements for land ownership in place at the time.

Māori women could not vote in parliamentary elections until 1893 when all women in New Zealand won the right to vote.

In 1975 the government introduced the Māori Electoral Option to be held alongside, or following, each census. This allowed Māori voters to choose whether they enrolled in general or Māori electorates.

The Māori seats were retained under the MMP voting system introduced in the 1990s. The law was changed to allow the number of seats to increase or decrease according to the results of the regular Māori Electoral Option.

A special Māori Electoral Option was held before the first MMP election in 1996. This Option saw more Māori registering on the Māori roll and resulted in the number of Māori electorates rising from four to five. Subsequent Māori Electoral Options have seen the number of Māori electorates increase to seven.

The current electorates are Hauraki-Waikato, Ikaroa-Rāwhiti, Tāmaki Makaurau, Te Tai Hauāuru, Te Tai Tokerau, Te Tai Tonga and Waiariki.

For more information on the history of Māori representation in Parliament visit:

• http://maorioption.org.nz• http://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/maori-representation• https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/maori-and-the-vote/twentieth-century

64 7

General Electorates Māori Electorates


http://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/maori-representation

https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/maori-and-the-vote/twentieth-century

Calculation of Māori and General Electorates for the 2020 and 2023 General Elections


The results of the 2018 Census and the 2018 Māori Electoral Option will be used to determine the number of Māori electorates and their boundaries for the next two general elections.

The number of seats will be calculated by Stats NZ and the boundaries will be reviewed by the Representation Commission in 2019. The number of Māori seats could increase, decrease, or stay the same.

It is not possible to predict how many electorates there will be as a result of this process. However, Stats NZ has provided some estimates on changes to the rolls that would affect seat numbers.

Number of Māori electorates

All figures are estimates only based on the projected population (2013 base) andMāori registration figures as at February 2018

14 Māori Electorates

All Māori enrol on the Maori Electoral Roll

8 Māori Electorates (an increase of 1)

About 27,000 Māori change roll type from the General Roll to the Māori Roll

OR About 64,000 Māori enrolling for the first time enrol on the Māori Roll

OR A mix of both

6 Māori Electorates (a decrease of 1)

About 10,800 Māori change roll type from the Māori Roll to the General Roll

OR About 21,000 Māori enrolling for the first time enrol on the General Roll

OR A mix of both

Source: Stats NZ

How electorates are calculated The Census counts the population usually living in New Zealand, including children and those not eligible to enrol. This information is used by the Government Statistician to calculate the following groups:

• Māori electoral population• General electoral population - North Island

• General electoral population - South Island

The Māori electoral population is calculated using a statutory formula. This population includes:

• persons registered as electors of Māori electoral districts• plus a proportion of persons of Māori descent who are not registered as electors

• plus a proportion of persons of Māori descent who are under the age of 18.

The General electoral population is the ordinarily resident population less the Māori electoral population.

All electorates must have about the same population size. The number of South Island General electorates is fixed at 16 by the Electoral Act 1993. To calculate the number of electorates the Government Statistician:

• divides the South Island General electoral population by 16. This result provides the average electoral population for South Island electorates and is referred to as the South Island quota

• divides the Māori electoral population by the South Island quota to work out the number of Māori electorates, and

• divides the North Island General electoral population by the South Island quota to work out the number of General electorates for the North Island.


The number of Māori and North Island general electorates are rounded to the nearest whole number.

More information about how Statistics New Zealand calculates electoral populations and the number of electorates is available at www.stats.govt.nz

Factors that can impact on the number of Māori electoratesThe following factors may influence the number of Māori electorates:

• population change since the last census• the number of people included in the census• how people answer the census Māori descent question• the level of enrolment by people who have indicated they are of Māori descent on the general roll or Māori

roll • the proportion of electors of Māori descent who are on the Māori roll at the end of the Option period.

useful statistics


Past Māori Electoral Option DataThe table below shows a breakdown of Māori enrolment transactions during the last four Māori Electoral Option periods:

TRANSFERS NEW ENROLMENTS OF MĀORI DESCENT

IMPACT ON ROLLS ROLL TOTALS AT END OF OPTION

Transfer Māori roll to general

Transfer general to

Māori

New to general

New to Māori

Māori +/(-)

General +/(-)

Māori on Māori Roll

Māori on general roll

2013 8,261 8,859 2,721 6,454 7,052 2,123 228,718(55%)

184,630 (45%)

2006 7,294 14,294 2,366 7,914 14,914 (4,634) 222,362(58%)

163,615(42%)

2001 4,866 13,872 3,436 15,138 24,144 (5,570) 188,366(55%)

151,889(45%)

1997 7,040 14,471 2,664 10,517 17,948 (4,767) 163,310(54%)

141,229(46%)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

1997 2001 2006 2013

Roll numbers from recent Options

Māori on Māori Roll

Māori on General Roll


Māori Enrolment At 31 Janury 2018, of the 478,944 electors of Māori descent enrolled to vote, 252,985 (53%) were on the Māori roll and 225,959 (47%) were on the general roll. See detailed table below for numbers in each electorate.

This compares with 228,718 (55%) on the Māori roll and 184,630 (45%) on the general roll at the end of the 2013 Māori Electoral Option period.

Monthly updates on roll changes will be published monthly during the Māori Electoral Option period on 1 May, 1 June and 2 July, at www.elections.org.nz.

ENROLMENT FIGURES 31 JANUARY 2018

Total enrolledElectors of non-Māori descent

Electors on general roll of Māori descent

Electors on Māori roll

Total Electors of Māori descent

Proportion of Māori electors on General roll

Proportion of Māori electors on Māori roll

3,298,552 2,819,608 225,959 252,985 478,944 47.2% 52.8%

ENROLMENT FIGURES BY ELECTORATE 31 JANUARY 2018NOTE, GENERAL ELECTORATE FIGURES INCLUDE VOTERS ON THE MĀORI ROLL.

Electorate Name Total electors

Electors of non-Māori descent






Auckland Central

39,201 35,846 2,033 1,322 3,355 60.6% 39.4%

Bay of Plenty 56,216 46,947 4,656 4,613 9,269 50.2% 49.8%

Botany 50,509 47,082 1,891 1,536 3,427 55.2% 44.8%

Christchurch Central

46,385 41,858 2,475 2,052 4,527 54.7% 45.3%

Christchurch East

46,628 40,716 2,993 2,919 5,912 50.6% 49.4%

Clutha-Southland

47,451 43,181 2,499 1,771 4,270 58.5% 41.5%

Coromandel 56,020 47,655 4,322 4,043 8,365 51.7% 48.3%

Dunedin North

46,811 42,841 2,327 1,643 3,970 58.6% 41.4%

Dunedin South

49,249 45,423 2,279 1,547 3,826 59.6% 40.4%

East Coast 71,396 38,528 10,770 22,098 32,868 32.8% 67.2%

East Coast Bays

46,387 44,300 1,422 665 2,087 68.1% 31.9%

Epsom 49,991 47,610 1,686 695 2,381 70.8% 29.2%

http://www.elections.org.nz










Hamilton East 52,154 42,736 3,959 5,459 9,418 42.0% 58.0%

Hamilton West

55,364 42,597 5,500 7,267 12,767 43.1% 56.9%

Helensville 49,133 44,336 2,802 1,995 4,797 58.4% 41.6%

Hunua 53,815 47,490 3,364 2,961 6,325 53.2% 46.8%

Hutt South 54,416 46,673 3,739 4,004 7,743 48.3% 51.7%

Ilam 45,482 42,803 1,616 1,063 2,679 60.3% 39.7%

Invercargill 48,275 40,937 4,333 3,005 7,338 59.0% 41.0%

Kaikōura 50,110 44,925 2,925 2,260 5,185 56.4% 43.6%

Kelston 46,205 40,110 2,979 3,116 6,095 48.9% 51.1%

Mana 53,115 43,765 4,298 5,052 9,350 46.0% 54.0%

Māngere 48,755 40,002 3,686 5,067 8,753 42.1% 57.9%

Manukau East 47,031 38,788 3,568 4,675 8,243 43.3% 56.7%

Manurewa 51,747 38,494 4,935 8,318 13,253 37.2% 62.8%

Maungakiekie 50,644 44,118 3,161 3,365 6,526 48.4% 51.6%

Mt Albert 49,446 44,802 2,752 1,892 4,644 59.3% 40.7%

Mt Roskill 48,946 45,662 1,993 1,291 3,284 60.7% 39.3%

Napier 54,590 42,189 5,264 7,137 12,401 42.4% 57.6%

Nelson 52,594 48,010 2,587 1,997 4,584 56.4% 43.6%

New Lynn 47,636 43,854 2,093 1,689 3,782 55.3% 44.7%

New Plymouth 53,957 45,457 4,566 3,934 8,500 53.7% 46.3%

North Shore 50,578 47,652 1,962 964 2,926 67.1% 32.9%

Northcote 49,749 45,385 2,403 1,961 4,364 55.1% 44.9%

Northland 64,725 42,354 7,556 14,815 22,371 33.8% 66.2%

Ōhāriu 48,814 45,199 2,160 1,455 3,615 59.8% 40.2%

Ōtaki 53,142 45,030 4,150 3,962 8,112 51.2% 48.8%

Pakuranga 47,877 45,141 1,644 1,092 2,736 60.1% 39.9%

Palmerston North

47,770 39,983 3,955 3,832 7,787 50.8% 49.2%

Papakura 57,770 45,007 5,224 7,539 12,763 40.9% 59.1%

Port Hills 52,030 48,017 2,287 1,726 4,013 57.0% 43.0%

Rangitata 48,654 45,041 2,078 1,535 3,613 57.5% 42.5%










Rangitīkei 50,653 41,182 4,270 5,201 9,471 45.1% 54.9%

Rimutaka 52,781 44,424 4,238 4,119 8,357 50.7% 49.3%

Rodney 55,385 51,287 2,760 1,338 4,098 67.3% 32.7%

Rongotai 51,240 46,256 2,702 2,282 4,984 54.2% 45.8%

Rotorua 58,191 37,828 7,224 13,139 20,363 35.5% 64.5%

Selwyn 52,543 48,875 2,324 1,344 3,668 63.4% 36.6%

Tāmaki 49,030 45,284 2,061 1,685 3,746 55.0% 45.0%

Taranaki-King Country

50,442 40,567 4,217 5,658 9,875 42.7% 57.3%

Taupō 56,466 44,200 5,620 6,646 12,266 45.8% 54.2%

Tauranga 52,587 45,082 4,093 3,412 7,505 54.5% 45.5%

Te Atatū 50,499 43,109 3,414 3,976 7,390 46.2% 53.8%

Tukituki 56,261 43,023 5,095 8,143 13,238 38.5% 61.5%

Upper Harbour

51,136 45,848 2,843 2,445 5,288 53.8% 46.2%

Waikato 57,161 45,420 4,605 7,136 11,741 39.2% 60.8%

Waimakariri 49,645 46,023 2,257 1,365 3,622 62.3% 37.7%

Wairarapa 53,720 44,832 4,334 4,554 8,888 48.8% 51.2%

Waitaki 53,229 49,785 2,249 1,195 3,444 65.3% 34.7%

Wellington Central

51,684 47,592 2,540 1,552 4,092 62.1% 37.9%

West Coast-Tasman

47,650 43,331 2,497 1,822 4,319 57.8% 42.2%

Whanganui 53,841 42,418 4,923 6,500 11,423 43.1% 56.9%

Whangarei 59,370 44,627 6,514 8,229 14,743 44.2% 55.8%

Wigram 44,270 40,071 2,287 1,912 4,199 54.5% 45.5%


Numbers of ElectoratesThe table below shows the number of electors of Māori descent enrolled on the Māori roll and the general roll at the end of each Option period, the electoral populations determined from census and the Māori Electoral Option results, the South Island quota and the number of Māori and General electorates at general elections between 1993 and 2017.

General election

Census and/or Option

Māori Electoral

Population

General Electoral

Population

South Island quota

Māori electorates

South Island

electorates

North Island

electorates

List MPs¹

Total number of MPs

1993 4 25 70 N/A 99

1994 264,222 3,109,705² 51,747

1996 5 16 44 55 120

1997 336,997 3,281,305 54,105

1999 6 16 45 53 120

2001 371,690 3,365,889 54,296

2002 7 16 46 51 120

2005 7 16 46 51 121³

2006 417,081 3,610,866 57,562

2008 7 16 47 50 122³

2011 7 16 47 50 121³

2013 420,990 3,821,059 59,679

2014 7 16 48 49 121³

2017 7 16 48 49 120

¹ The number of list MPs is the size of Parliament (120) minus the total number of electorate districts.

² The general electoral population was based on the results of the census taken on 5 March 1991.

³ At the 2005, 2008,2011 and 2014 general elections there was an overhang. An overhang occurs when a party wins more electorates than the total number of seats it would otherwise be allocated based on its share of party votes. The overhang seats (the number above the party vote entitlement) are added to the usual 120 seats until the following general election.


2013 Māori Electoral Option results by electorateThe 2013 Māori Electoral Option ran from 25 March until 24 July 2013. During the Option, a total of 17,120 Māori changed their type of electoral roll and another 9,175 Māori enrolled for the first time.

The following table details the 2013 Māori Electoral Option results by electorate.

GeneralElectorate

Māori Rollto

General Roll

General Rollto

Māori Roll

Net Impacton Roll

+/(-)

New MāoriDescent

Enrolments

Final Impacton Roll

+/(-)

Auckland Central 90 83 7 16 23

Bay of Plenty 195 186 9 79 88

Botany 40 61 (21) 22 1

Christchurch Central 70 81 (11) 34 23

Christchurch East 81 77 4 18 22

Clutha-Southland 54 98 (44) 27 (17)

Coromandel 154 178 (24) 38 14

Dunedin North 56 78 (22) 30 8

Dunedin South 60 88 (28) 27 (1)

East Coast 483 646 (163) 134 (29)

East Coast Bays 31 44 (13) 22 9

Epsom 51 51 - 20 20

Hamilton East 154 173 (19) 85 66

Hamilton West 240 221 19 62 81

Helensville 84 98 (14) 32 18

Hunua 118 151 (33) 55 22

Hutt South 152 153 (1) 45 44

Ilam 40 46 (6) 15 9

Invercargill 117 160 (43) 61 18

Kaikōura 81 125 (44) 33 (11)

Mana 236 138 98 42 140

Māngere 87 114 (27) 52 25

Manukau East 107 127 (20) 37 17

Manurewa 159 220 (61) 38 (23)

Maungakiekie 98 127 (29) 34 5

Mt Albert 112 84 28 27 55

Mt Roskill 56 46 10 36 46

Napier 263 263 - 80 80

Nelson 83 84 (1) 48 47

New Lynn 83 78 5 45 50

New Plymouth 160 140 20 56 76

North Shore 51 86 (35) 27 (8)

Northcote 83 87 (4) 24 20

Northland 317 378 (61) 66 5

Ōhariu 75 83 (8) 21 13

Ōtaki 236 145 91 38 129


GeneralElectorate

Māori Rollto

General Roll

General Rollto

Māori Roll

Net Impacton Roll

+/(-)

New MāoriDescent

Enrolments

Final Impacton Roll

+/(-)

Pakuranga 33 46 (13) 21 8

Palmerston North 149 150 (1) 39 38

Papakura 200 218 (18) 49 31

Port Hills 69 72 (3) 18 15

Rangitata 62 63 (1) 20 19

Rangitīkei 174 147 27 53 80

Rimutaka 118 130 (12) 33 21

Rodney 83 91 (8) 28 20

Rongotai 100 88 12 31 43

Rotorua 415 470 (55) 147 92

Selwyn 67 91 (24) 15 (9)

Tāmaki 68 71 (3) 19 16

Taranaki-King Country 161 164 (3) 31 28

Taupō 239 215 24 85 109

Tauranga 200 165 35 77 112

Te Atatū 131 149 (18) 51 33

Tukituki 194 249 (55) 61 6

Waikato 142 195 (53) 60 7

Waimakariri 87 56 31 15 46

Wairarapa 142 158 (16) 59 43

Waitakere 122 115 7 44 51

Waitaki 44 65 (21) 24 3

Wellington Central 94 75 19 23 42

West Coast-Tasman 74 93 (19) 24 5

Whanganui 237 178 59 72 131

Whangarei 213 275 (62) 78 16

Wigram 86 72 14 18 32

General Rolls Total 8,261 8,859 (598) 2,721 2,123

Māori Electorate General Roll toMāori Roll

Māori Roll toGeneral Roll

Net Impact on Roll +/(-)

New Maori Descent Enrolments

Final Impact on Roll +/(-)

Hauraki-Waikato 1,203 1,054 149 1,097 1,246

Ikaroa-Rāwhiti 1,358 1,091 267 1,496 1,763

Tāmaki Makaurau 1,108 1,044 64 601 665

Te Tai Hauāuru 1,080 1,451 (371) 717 346

Te Tai Tokerau 1,289 1,056 233 612 845

Te Tai Tonga 1,656 1,438 218 646 864

Waiariki 1,165 1,127 38 1,285 1,323

Māori Rolls Total 8,859 8,261 598 6,454 7,052

Total 17,120 17,120 - 9,175 9,175


Māori turnout in recent elections Statistics on turnout in the Māori electorates can be found for each recent election at www.electionresults.govt.nz. A summary is provided below.

TURNOUT IN THE MĀORI ELECTORATES – VOTERS ON THE MĀORI ROLL

2005 2008 2011 2014 2017

67.1% 62.4% 58.2% 65.1% 66.7%

For the 2014 and 2017 election, the Electoral Commission has also been able provide breakdowns of voter turnout statistics by age and Māori descent. This information is not available for elections held before 2014. The information can be found at www.elections.org.nz/research-statistics/election-results.

The following is a summary of the turnout of all enrolled electors who have identified themselves as being of Māori descent, on both the general and Māori rolls. There was an increase in turnout for Māori voters in the 2017 election.

TURNOUT OF ALL MĀORI VOTERS ACROSS THE GENERAL AND MĀORI ROLLS

Age range 2014 2017

18-24 54.92% 61.84%

25-29 55.65% 61.64%

30-34 61.53% 64.23%

35-39 66.62% 68.85%

40-44 69.18% 72.06%

45-49 71.48% 74.08%

50-54 73.78% 75.79%

55-69 76.91% 78.84%

60-64 86.61% 81.33%

65-69 83.89% 84.46%

70+ 86.02% 86.65%

All Māori voters 67.6% 71.1%

http://www.electionresults.govt.nz

http://www.elections.org.nz/research-statistics/election-results

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