medieval europe: 500 1500 - colgate...
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MEDIEVAL EUROPE:
MEDIEVAL EUROPE:
500
500--1500
1500
LESSON FOUR
LESSON FOUR
��Textbook 13
Textbook 13-- 2/13
2/13-- 3; pages 358
3; pages 358-- 369
369
��Lesson Four Objectives:
Lesson Four Objectives:
��Explain structure of feudalism and the role of the manor
Explain structure of feudalism and the role of the manor
system
system
��Evaluate medieval Europe society
Evaluate medieval Europe society
��Describe importance of medieval warfare and evaluate the
Describe importance of medieval warfare and evaluate the
effects on present day
effects on present day
��Analyze how medieval literature depicts chivalry, knighthood
Analyze how medieval literature depicts chivalry, knighthood
and women
and women
��Key Vocabulary:
Key Vocabulary:
��Medieval, Charlemagne, Feudalism, Vassal, Serf, Manor,
Medieval, Charlemagne, Feudalism, Vassal, Serf, Manor,
Knights, Chivalry
Knights, Chivalry
MEDIEVAL
MEDIEVAL
��From Latin words meaning
From Latin words meaning ““Middle Ages
Middle Ages ””
��500
500-- 1500 Europe was in middle between ancient
1500 Europe was in middle between ancient
Rome and Modern Europe
Rome and Modern Europe
��This time period also referred to as
This time period also referred to as ““ Middle Ages
Middle Ages ””
��After Roman Empire, European civilization
After Roman Empire, European civilization
decentralized with regional leaders fighting each
decentralized with regional leaders fighting each
other for land
other for land
��Culture was combination of nomadic & Christianity
Culture was combination of nomadic & Christianity--
groups conquered Rome & Christianity that was
groups conquered Rome & Christianity that was
adopted
adopted
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
��Franks
Franks
��People of the region that is France today
People of the region that is France today
��732 prevented Muslim invaders from moving north of Spain
732 prevented Muslim invaders from moving north of Spain
��Charlemagne (or Charles the Great)
Charlemagne (or Charles the Great)
��Frankish leader
Frankish leader
��Built empire greater than any since Ancient Rome
Built empire greater than any since Ancient Rome-- larger
larger
than Byzantine Empire
than Byzantine Empire
��Considered founder of France
Considered founder of France
��Unified Frankish territory and established a short lived
Unified Frankish territory and established a short lived
empire
empire
��Spread Christianity during territory expansions
Spread Christianity during territory expansions
��Dec. 25
Dec. 25ththin 800 was crowned by Pope as new
in 800 was crowned by Pope as new ““Holy Roman
Holy Roman
Emperor
Emperor ””, also by this time had reunited Western Europe
, also by this time had reunited Western Europe
��During this time, Germanic invaders
During this time, Germanic invaders
overran western half of Roman Empire
overran western half of Roman Empire
��Invasions and warfare caused disruptions of
Invasions and warfare caused disruptions of
trade, cities and population shifts
trade, cities and population shifts
��Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman
Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman
provinces
provinces
��Despite upheaval Church remained constant
Despite upheaval Church remained constant
institution; provided order and security
institution; provided order and security
��Empire Evolves
Empire Evolves
��After RE dissolved, small kingdoms sprang up
After RE dissolved, small kingdoms sprang up
all over Europe
all over Europe
��England splintered into 7 tiny kingdoms
England splintered into 7 tiny kingdoms
FEUDALISM
FEUDALISM
��Treaty of Verdun signed
Treaty of Verdun signed btwn
btwn
Charlemagne
Charlemagne’’ s sons; fighting heirs
s sons; fighting heirs
��Empire divided into 3 kingdoms
Empire divided into 3 kingdoms
��Kings lost power & central authority broke
Kings lost power & central authority broke
down
down
��Lack central authority led to new system of
Lack central authority led to new system of
governing and landholders: FEUDALISM
governing and landholders: FEUDALISM
��Feudalism: system of rules based on
Feudalism: system of rules based on
ownership of land & personal loyalty
ownership of land & personal loyalty
��No strong
No strong gov
gov’’ ttin Western Europe
in Western Europe
��Competing nobility & frequent attacks from
Competing nobility & frequent attacks from
outside groups
outside groups
��Similar feudal system existed in China under
Similar feudal system existed in China under
Zhou dynasty and also in Japan
Zhou dynasty and also in Japan
��With no strong
With no strong gov
gov’’ tt, medieval society was
, medieval society was
based on power & protection of nobility
based on power & protection of nobility
��2 systems developed to regulate life:
2 systems developed to regulate life:
��Feudalism
Feudalism
��Manorialism
Manorialism
MANORIALISM
MANORIALISM
��Economic system of self
Economic system of self-- sufficiency
sufficiency
��Centered on manor estate & surrounding
Centered on manor estate & surrounding
land, as well as all people living on land
land, as well as all people living on land
��Contrast to feudalism, which system
Contrast to feudalism, which system
politically based on rights & obligations
politically based on rights & obligations
��LORD: landowner
LORD: landowner
��In exchange for military protection & other
In exchange for military protection & other
services lord could granted land called
services lord could granted land called FIEF
FIEF
��VASSAL: person who received fief (land
VASSAL: person who received fief (land
grant)
grant)
��Structure based on pyramid:
Structure based on pyramid:
KING
VASSALS:
Wealthy land
owners such
as bishops and nobles
KNIGHTS: Maintained pledge
to defend their lord’s lands
in exchange for fiefs
PEASANTS: Landless, toiled in fields
��Status determined a person
Status determined a person’’ s prestige & power, usually
s prestige & power, usually
inherited
inherited
��Where else have we discussed inherited social class?
Where else have we discussed inherited social class?
��Majority of people peasants
Majority of people peasants
��Most peasants where SERFS
Most peasants where SERFS
��People who could not lawfully leave the place
People who could not lawfully leave the place
where they were born
where they were born
��If born on manor, stayed on manor; bound to
If born on manor, stayed on manor; bound to
land, yet not slaves
land, yet not slaves
��Lords no sell or buy them
Lords no sell or buy them
��Labor produced belonged to lord
Labor produced belonged to lord
��Feudalism: Political
Feudalism: Political
��Manor: Economic side of feudalism
Manor: Economic side of feudalism
MANORS
MANORS
��Manor: Lord
Manor: Lord’’ s Estate
s Estate
��Basic economic system
Basic economic system
��Based on rights between lord & his serfs
Based on rights between lord & his serfs
��Lord provided serfs with housing, farmland, protection from
Lord provided serfs with housing, farmland, protection from
bandits
bandits
��In return, serfs tended to lord
In return, serfs tended to lord’’ s land, animals and other
s land, animals and other
tasks to maintain estate
tasks to maintain estate
��Everyone worked
Everyone worked-- men, women & children
men, women & children
��Self
Self-- Contained World; Self
Contained World; Self-- Sufficient
Sufficient
��Only a few square miles
Only a few square miles
��Stood in center, see entire world
Stood in center, see entire world
��Peasants rarely traveled more 25 miles (this Oneida or Norwich)
Peasants rarely traveled more 25 miles (this Oneida or Norwich)
��Consisted of lord
Consisted of lord’’ s manor house, church, mill, workshop
s manor house, church, mill, workshop
��1515-- 30 families in village on estate/manor
30 families in village on estate/manor
��Fields, pastures, woodlands surround village with stream/mill
Fields, pastures, woodlands surround village with stream/mill
��Everything raised/produced on estate needed for lord and daily l
Everything raised/produced on estate needed for lord and daily lifeife
��Manor Realities
Manor Realities
��Peasant
Peasant ’’s paid high price
s paid high price
��Tax on grain, marriage (weddings take place with
Tax on grain, marriage (weddings take place with
lordlord’’ s consent), owed TITHE (church tax) to village
s consent), owed TITHE (church tax) to village
priest which was 1/10 of income
priest which was 1/10 of income
��Crowded cottages,
Crowded cottages, ½½rooms, dirt floors, slept on
rooms, dirt floors, slept on
insect infested straw piles, simple diet of bread,
insect infested straw piles, simple diet of bread,
cheese, veggies, soup and grain
cheese, veggies, soup and grain
��Life was work; children worked
Life was work; children worked
��Avg. life expectancy 35 years old
Avg. life expectancy 35 years old
��Accepted life as part of church teachings
Accepted life as part of church teachings --God
God
determined a person
determined a person’’ s place in society
s place in society
��Piers Plowman
Piers Plowmanby William Langland, 1362
by William Langland, 1362
��Primary document depicted peasant life
Primary document depicted peasant life
CHIVALRY
CHIVALRY
��Without central
Without central govt
govt , fighting
, fighting btwn
btwnrulers & invaders was
rulers & invaders was
constant
constant
��Europe was a fragmented states
Europe was a fragmented states
��Due to feudal contract, warriors of noble birth (knights)
Due to feudal contract, warriors of noble birth (knights)
promised to fight for their lord
promised to fight for their lord
��Combat skills were praised
Combat skills were praised
��By 1100s, a code of behavior was developing: CHIVALRY:
By 1100s, a code of behavior was developing: CHIVALRY:
��High ideals guided warrior actions & glorified their roles
High ideals guided warrior actions & glorified their roles
��Knights obligated to serve in battle, 40 days of combat a year a
Knights obligated to serve in battle, 40 days of combat a year and spend
nd spend
rest of time training
rest of time training
��Knights
Knights
��Displayed courage in battle & loyalty
Displayed courage in battle & loyalty
��Code of chivalry developed, ideal conduct for knight
Code of chivalry developed, ideal conduct for knight
��Complex set of ideals
Complex set of ideals
��Knight fight bravely
Knight fight bravely
��Devoted to feudal lord, heavenly lord and lady
Devoted to feudal lord, heavenly lord and lady
��Protect weak and poor
Protect weak and poor
��Loyal, brave and courteous
Loyal, brave and courteous
��Knight was romanticized & glorified & connected to Christianity
Knight was romanticized & glorified & connected to Christianity
��Knights trained at early age of 7 and by age 21 full fledge
Knights trained at early age of 7 and by age 21 full fledge
knight
knight
��Mock battles=tournaments
Mock battles=tournaments
��Fierce & bloody
Fierce & bloody
��Fan favorite
Fan favorite
��Warfare & Technology
Warfare & Technology
��Saddle & stirrups
Saddle & stirrups
��Mounted knights most important part of Army
Mounted knights most important part of Army
��Feudal lords raised private armies to defend territories
Feudal lords raised private armies to defend territories
��Knights fought/rewarded with fiefs
Knights fought/rewarded with fiefs-- the lord
the lord’’ s most abundant resource
s most abundant resource
��P. 366
P. 366-- ””How to Capture a Castle
How to Capture a Castle””
��Heavy & clumsy weapons
Heavy & clumsy weapons
��Battles
Battles
��Bloodshed
Bloodshed
��1100s massive walls, guard towers around castles;
1100s massive walls, guard towers around castles; fortess
fortessdesign for
design for
defense
defense
��Defending was considered gory: boiling hot water poured, hot oil
Defending was considered gory: boiling hot water poured, hot oil, ,
molten lead, expert archers
molten lead, expert archers
LITERATURE &
SONG
LITERATURE &
SONG
��1100s downplay brutality of knighthood & feudal
1100s downplay brutality of knighthood & feudal
warfare by idealizing castle life
warfare by idealizing castle life
��Glorified knighthood & chivalry
Glorified knighthood & chivalry
��Tournaments & real battles
Tournaments & real battles
��Songs & Poems
Songs & Poems
��About knights, ladies & love
About knights, ladies & love
��Called Epic Poems
Called Epic Poems
��Recounted hero
Recounted hero’’ s deeds & adventures
s deeds & adventures
��Retold about legendary heroes
Retold about legendary heroes
��Knights conflicted between duty & lady
Knights conflicted between duty & lady
��Song of Roland
Song of Roland
��Earliest & most famous medieval epic poem
Earliest & most famous medieval epic poem
��Troubadours
Troubadours
��Traveling poet/musicians
Traveling poet/musicians
��Verses about joys & sorrows of romantic love
Verses about joys & sorrows of romantic love
WOM
EN
WOM
EN
��Women
Women
��Most powerless
Most powerless
��Inferior to men
Inferior to men
��View of church & accepted in feudal society
View of church & accepted in feudal society
��Still important in noble & peasant families
Still important in noble & peasant families
��Noblewomen
Noblewomen
��Could inherit estate f/husband under feudal system
Could inherit estate f/husband under feudal system
��Could send knights to war
Could send knights to war
��Acted as military commander & warrior in husband
Acted as military commander & warrior in husband’’ s s
absence
absence
��Castle defender
Castle defender
��Had to confine self to gender roles
Had to confine self to gender roles
��Be passed over in terms of property
Be passed over in terms of property-- passed to sons, not
passed to sons, not
daughters
daughters
��Girls educated by tutors
Girls educated by tutors
��Peasant Women
Peasant Women
��Perform endless labor in home & field
Perform endless labor in home & field
��Young girls learn practical household skills
Young girls learn practical household skills
��Poor
Poor
��Powerless
Powerless
��Yet huge economic contribution in survival of
Yet huge economic contribution in survival of
household
household
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS
��Was the distinction between serf & slaves
Was the distinction between serf & slaves
important?
important?
��How did religion support the feudal
How did religion support the feudal
system?
system?
��Where do we see
Where do we see ““chivalry
chivalry””today?
today?
SOURCES
SOURCES
��Images
Images
��www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_mid_civ.htm
www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/lecture_mid_civ.htm
��http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi
http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi
��http://karenswhimsy.com/medieval
http://karenswhimsy.com/medieval --knights
knights--
jousting.shtm
jousting.shtm
��www.cartoonstock.com
www.cartoonstock.com