Member of tribe Removed by Jackson on Trail of Tears

One of Five Civilized Tribes Cherokee alphabet

Sequoyah Member of tribe Removed by Jackson on

Trail of Tears One of Five Civilized Tribes Cherokee alphabet

Law Removed Five Civilized Tribes from

southeast

Indian Removal Act of 1830 Law Removed Five Civilized Tribes from

southeast

Cherokee sued for their land Marshall said Jackson could not take their

land Jackson took it

Worchester v. Georgia Cherokee sued for their land Marshall said Jackson could not take their

land Jackson took it

Path of removal for Five Civilized Tribes Ended in Oklahoma territory

Trail of Tears Path of removal for Five Civilized Tribes Ended in Oklahoma territory

Established US northern border with Canada

Signed in 1842

Webster-Ashburton Treaty Established US northern border with

Canada Signed in 1842

Left on expedition from St. Louis in 1804 Reached Pacific in 1805 Explored and charted Louisiana Purchase Created Oregon Trail

Lewis and Clark Expedition Left on expedition from St. Louis in 1804 Reached Pacific in 1805 Explored and charted Louisiana Purchase Created Oregon Trail

36° - 30‘ N Latitude Missouri Slave Maine Free Temporarily settled westward expansion of

slavery dispute

Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise)

36° - 30‘ N Latitude Missouri Slave Maine Free Temporarily settled westward expansion of

slavery dispute

Father of Texas Led settlers to Texas

Stephen Austin Father of Texas Led settlers to Texas

The Alamo Sam Houston Stephen Austin Battle of San Jacinto Treaty of Velasquez

Texas War For Independence The Alamo Sam Houston Stephen Austin Battle of San Jacinto Treaty of Velasquez

Slavery question Texas slave state

Reasons to not admit Texas to Union

Slavery question Texas slave state

Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett Killed Texans Refused to Surrender Mexican Army killed every Texan in fort Became Rally Cry for the Texas War for

Independence

Alamo Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett Killed Texans Refused to Surrender Mexican Army killed every Texan in fort Became Rally Cry for the Texas War for

Independence

Last battle of the Texas War for Independence

Texans defeated and captured Santa Anna

Battle of San Jacinto Last battle of the Texas War for

Independence Texans defeated and captured Santa Anna

Won Election of 1844 “54-40 or Fight” Annexed Oregon territory Picked a fight with Mexico

Polk Won Election of 1844 “54-40 or Fight” Annexed Oregon territory Picked a fight with Mexico

Fight Britain for control of Oregon to the 54°40’N line of Longitude

1844 campaign slogan of Polk

54°-40’ or fight Fight Britain for control of Oregon to the

54°40’N line of Longitude 1844 campaign slogan of Polk

Joint occupation of Oregon Territory: British & US

Convention of 1818 Joint occupation of Oregon Territory:

British & US

Cause = Manifest Destiny Disputed border/ Rio Grande

US attacked Mexico City General Zachary Taylor John Slidell Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Mexican-American War Cause =

Manifest Destiny Disputed border/ Rio Grande

US attacked Mexico City General Zachary Taylor John Slidell Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Banned the extension of slavery into land purchased from Mexico

Did not pass Reopened debate about the westward

expansion of slavery

Wilmot Proviso Banned the extension of slavery into land

purchased from Mexico Did not pass Reopened debate about the westward

expansion of slavery

Ended Mexican-American War US gained Mexican cession territory

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Ended Mexican-American War US gained Mexican cession territory

49ers Gold Rush of 1849 California Rapid increase of population Gold

California Gold Rush 49ers Gold Rush of 1849 California Rapid increase of population Gold

California admitted as a free state Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. Popular sovereignty Fugitive slave Act

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. Popular sovereignty Fugitive slave Act

Purchased from Mexico for $10 million Create transcontinental railroad in south Completed US boarders

Gadsden Purchase Purchased from Mexico for $10 million Create transcontinental railroad in south Completed US boarders

God’s will for the US expand from Atlantic to Pacific

Term coined by John O’Sullivan Drove westward expansion Examples

Annexation of Texas Gadsden Purchase Indian Removal Act

Manifest Destiny God’s will for the US expand from Atlantic

to Pacific Term coined by John O’Sullivan Drove westward expansion Examples

Annexation of Texas Gadsden Purchase Indian Removal Act

Dictionary Standardized American Language

Noah Webster Dictionary Standardized American Language

Painted American Landscapes Art School

Hudson River School of Artists Painted American Landscapes Art School

Writer The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Rip Van Winkle

Washington Irving Writer The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Rip Van Winkle

1st American Mystery Writer The Raven The Pit and the Pendulum

Edgar Allen Poe 1st American Mystery Writer The Raven The Pit and the Pendulum

Writer about West The Longstocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pathfinder

James F. Cooper Writer about West The Longstocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pathfinder

Writer Puritan New England Life The Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel Hawthorne Writer Puritan New England Life The Scarlet Letter

Movement that focused on nature Self-reliance Nationalism

Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreu

Transcendentalism Movement that focused on

nature Self-reliance Nationalism

Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreu

French Writer American Democracy Wrote: Democracy in America

Alex de Tocqueville French Writer American Democracy Wrote: Democracy in America

Region of America Cotton kingdom Slavery Plantations Cotton Gin institutionalized slavery and

increased production

South Region of America Cotton kingdom Slavery Plantations Cotton Gin institutionalized slavery and

increased production

Pride in country Nation first

Nationalism Pride in country Nation first

James Monroe President Period of

economic prosperity Political unity: one political party

Democratic Republicans

Era of Good Feelings James Monroe President Period of

economic prosperity Political unity: one political party

Democratic Republicans

Pride in region or section State or region first

Sectionalism Pride in region or section State or region first

Agrarian (farming) Cotton Plantation system Favored strong state government

South Agrarian (farming) Cotton Plantation system Favored strong state government

Industrial Factories system Immigration high

Used as labor

Favored strong national government Supported Henry Clay’s American System

Build roads, bank, canals and bridges

North Industrial Factories system Immigration high

Used as labor

Favored strong national government Supported Henry Clay’s American System

Build roads, bank, canals and bridges

Henry Clay Proposal to build infrastructure Protective tariff Internal improvements Strong national bank Divided north and south

South: believed it helped northern manufacturers North: wanted to increase markets

American System Henry Clay Proposal to build infrastructure Protective tariff Internal improvements Strong national bank Divided north and south

South: believed it helped northern manufacturers North: wanted to increase markets

Inventor Interchangeable parts Cotton gin

Eli Whitney Inventor Interchangeable parts Cotton gin

Father of American Industrial Revolution Brought plans for textile machines from

England

Samuel Slater Father of American Industrial Revolution Brought plans for textile machines from

England

Waterway Connected New York City to Great Lakes Opened Western Markets Made travel easier

Erie Canal Waterway Connected New York City to Great Lakes Opened Western Markets Made travel easier

Inventor Steam boat

Robert Fulton Inventor Steam boat

Inventor Telegraph Increased communication

Samuel F.B. Morse Inventor Telegraph Increased communication

Inventor Steel plow Increased farming production

John Deere Inventor Steel plow Increased farming production

Inventor Mechanical reaper Increased farm production

Cyrus McCormick Inventor Mechanical reaper Increased farm production

Opposed immigration Protect interests of native born citizens Effects

Discrimination against immigrants Rise of Know-Nothings

Political party Anti-immigrant

Nativism Opposed immigration Protect interests of native born citizens Effects

Discrimination against immigrants Rise of Know-Nothings

Political party Anti-immigrant

Supreme Court Case Federal government Regulates Interstate

Trade

Gibbons v. Ogden Supreme Court Case Federal government Regulates Interstate

Trade

Led slave uprising in Virginia Preacher Slave Caused south to enact harsh slave codes

Nat Turner’s Rebellion Led slave uprising in Virginia Preacher Slave Caused south to enact harsh slave codes

John Quincy Adams Elected As President Andrew Jackson said:

Corrupt Bargain because John Q. Adams received Henry Clay’s swing vote

Denied him the presidency

Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams Elected As President Andrew Jackson said:

Corrupt Bargain because John Q. Adams received Henry Clay’s swing vote

Denied him the presidency

Tariff Created sectional debate between the north

and south Led to the Nullification Crisis

South Carolina declared null and void

Hurt southern economy because they traded with Europe

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)

Tariff Created sectional debate between the north

and south Led to the Nullification Crisis

South Carolina declared null and void

Hurt southern economy because they traded with Europe

States right to cancel a federal law it considers unconstitutional

Tariff of Abominations is an example

Nullification States right to cancel a federal law it

considers unconstitutional Tariff of Abominations is an example

Cause Tariff of Abominations (Tariff of 1828) States rights secession

Debate in Congress between two senators

Webster-Hayne Debates Cause

Tariff of Abominations (Tariff of 1828) States rights secession

Debate in Congress between two senators

In Webster-Hayne Debates argued that it was a states right to Nullify a law Secede from the union

Wrote South Carolina Exposition and Protest

John C. Calhoun In Webster-Hayne Debates argued that it

was a states right to Nullify a law Secede from the union

Wrote South Carolina Exposition and Protest

In Webster-Hayne Debates argued that “liberty and union were one and inseparable”

For nationalism and strong federal government

Daniel Webster In Webster-Hayne Debates argued that

“liberty and union were one and inseparable”

For nationalism and strong federal government

Ended Nullification Crisis Lowered Tariff of 1828 Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser)

proposed

Compromise Tariff of 1833 Ended Nullification Crisis Lowered Tariff of 1828 Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser)

proposed

1st Western President Common Man’s President Spoils System for appointing Cabinet Members

Give political supporters government jobs

Bank Wars Believed it favored the rich and elite

Indian Removal Policies caused the rise of the Whig Party

Andrew Jackson 1st Western President Common Man’s President Spoils System for appointing Cabinet Members

Give political supporters government jobs

Bank Wars Believed it favored the rich and elite

Indian Removal Policies caused the rise of the Whig Party

Economic Depression Cause

Jackson hated it because it favored rich and elite Creation of “Pet Banks”

State banks Jackson withdrew government money from the national bank and

placed government funds into state banks Jackson’s Veto of the Second Bank of the US

Effect Panic of 1837

Pet Banks gave loans to easy Printed money recklessly

Panic of 1837 Economic Depression Cause

Jackson hated it because it favored rich and elite Creation of “Pet Banks”

State banks Jackson withdrew government money from the national bank and

placed government funds into state banks Jackson’s Veto of the Second Bank of the US

Effect Panic of 1837

Pet Banks gave loans to easy Printed money recklessly

Formed because of Jackson’s economic policies

Called Jackson “King Andrew” Supported strong federal government,

national bank and internal improvements

Whig Party Formed because of Jackson’s economic

policies Called Jackson “King Andrew” Supported strong federal government,

national bank and internal improvements

Supreme Court Ruling Cherokee Jackson ignored and forced relocation of

Cherokee to Oklahoma Territory Jackson stated, “John Marshall has made

his decision. Now let him enforce it.”

Worchester v. Georgia Supreme Court Ruling Cherokee Jackson ignored and forced relocation of

Cherokee to Oklahoma Territory Jackson stated, “John Marshall has made

his decision. Now let him enforce it.”

Supreme Court Elastic Clause Federal Government has power to create

National Bank States do not have the power to tax the

federal government

McCullough v. Maryland Supreme Court Elastic Clause Federal Government has power to create

National Bank States do not have the power to tax the

federal government

Women’s rights = issue Wanted suffrage for women Organizers

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Seneca Falls Convention Women’s rights = issue Wanted suffrage for women Organizers

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Prison reform Established mental hospitals because the

mentally ill were housed with criminals

Dorothea Dix Prison reform Established mental hospitals because the

mentally ill were housed with criminals

Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin Realism novel about slavery

Lincoln said, “This is the little lady who started a war.”

Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Realism novel about slavery

Lincoln said, “This is the little lady who started a war.”

Movement to end slavery Important People

William Lloyd Garrison Harriet Beecher Stowe Grimke Sisters Frederick Douglass David Walker Quakers Harriet Tubman John Brown

Abolition Movement to end slavery Important People

William Lloyd Garrison Harriet Beecher Stowe Grimke Sisters Frederick Douglass David Walker Quakers Harriet Tubman John Brown

Abolitionist Newspaper

The Liberator

American Anti-Slavery Society

William Lloyd Garrison Abolitionist Newspaper

The Liberator

American Anti-Slavery Society

Abolitionist Former slave Wrote: Appeal to the Colored Citizens of

the World Called on African-Americans to rise up against

slave owners

David Walker Abolitionist Former slave Wrote: Appeal to the Colored Citizens of

the World Called on African-Americans to rise up against

slave owners

Abolitionist Former slave Speaker Helped John Brown in Harper’s Ferry raid

Frederick Douglass Abolitionist Former slave Speaker Helped John Brown in Harper’s Ferry raid

Conductor on the Underground Railroad Helped slaves escape to free states and Canada

Escaped slave

Harriet Tubman Conductor on the Underground Railroad

Helped slaves escape to free states and Canada

Escaped slave

Radical abolitionist Abolitionists considered him a hero Southerners considered him a crazed

lunatic Led raid at Harpers Ferry

Arm slaves and cause an uprising Frightened southerners into preparing for war

John Brown Radical abolitionist Abolitionists considered him a hero Southerners considered him a crazed

lunatic Led raid at Harpers Ferry

Arm slaves and cause an uprising Frightened southerners into preparing for war

Religious group Anti-slavery Helped conductors on the Underground

Railroad by offering safe havens

Quakers Religious group Anti-slavery Helped conductors on the Underground

Railroad by offering safe havens

Remove alcohol from society Neal Dow

Main Law: prohibition of alcohol

Temperance Remove alcohol from society Neal Dow

Main Law: prohibition of alcohol

Create a perfect community New Harmony

People share everything Shakers

No marriage/ no sex Brook Farm

Transcendentalist community Onieda

Everyone married/ free love

Utopian Communities Create a perfect community New Harmony

People share everything Shakers

No marriage/ no sex Brook Farm

Transcendentalist community Onieda

Everyone married/ free love

Improve society Included

Temperance Abolition Educational Reform Movement Women’s Suffrage Movement Prison Reform & Mentally Ill Movement

Reformers Improve society Included

Temperance Abolition Educational Reform Movement Women’s Suffrage Movement Prison Reform & Mentally Ill Movement

Father of the American Public School Movement

Advocated education of both men and women

Created Board of Education in Massachusetts

Horace Mann Father of the American Public School

Movement Advocated education of both men and

women Created Board of Education in

Massachusetts

Revival Meetings Charles G. Finney Reform America through moral and spiritual rebirth

Christians duty to participate in Abolition movement Temperance movement

Birth of African-American Church New denominations

Methodists Mormons

Second Great Awakening Revival Meetings Charles G. Finney Reform America through moral and spiritual rebirth

Christians duty to participate in Abolition movement Temperance movement

Birth of African-American Church New denominations

Methodists Mormons

Jackson Monarch Nickname by Whigs

King Jackson Jackson Monarch Nickname by Whigs