mendelian geneticsguralnl/311mendelian genetics.pdf · human genetics. mendel & the...
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![Page 1: Mendelian Geneticsguralnl/311Mendelian Genetics.pdf · Human Genetics. Mendel & the Quantitative approach • Blending inheritance • Used common garden pea (Pisum sativum) • Short](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042912/5f479168cd11e92d07553887/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mendelian Genetics• Mendel & the
Quantitative approach • Monohybrid Cross--Law
of Segregation • Dihybrid Cross--Law of
Independent Assortment
• Segregation, Independent Assortment & the movement of Chromosomes
• Mendelian Patterns in Human Genetics
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Mendel & the Quantitative approach
• Blending inheritance• Used common garden
pea (Pisum sativum)• Short generation time• Easy to manipulate• Purebred lines for one
or two traits
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Technique
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Monohybrid Cross
• Purebred lines for one trait
• Studied 7 characters• P = Parental• F1/F2 = Filial
generation• Did F3 generation• Law of segregation
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Genetic Symbols
• Genotype• Phenotype• Homozygous,
heterozygous• Genes vs alleles
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Monohybrid Cross: Mendel’s Postulates
• Unit factors in pairs in individuals
• Two unlike factors are present; one is Dominant & the other is recessive:
• Segregation: each gamete receives one or the other factor
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Law of segregation
• During gamete formation, the two members of a gene pair segregate, randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other factor with equal probability.
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Test Cross
• Use Homozygous recessive parent
• Sometimes called backcross
• Know what alleles are brought to the cross
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Dihybrid Cross--Law of Independent Assortment
• Purebred lines for two characters
• Looked at them independently
• Two 3:1 ratios• Gives 9:3:3:1 ratio in
F2 cross of heterozygous individuals
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Dihybrid cross
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Law of Independent Assortment
• During gamete formation, segregation of alleles of one gene is independent of the segregation of another pair of alleles of another gene.
• No mention of chromosomes• Did not know about meiosis
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Segregation, Independent assortment & the movement of chromosomes
• Segregation: separation of homologous chromosome during anaphase I
• Independent Assortment: Similar to random alignment of homologous chromosomes in metaphase I
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Math Methods
• Forked line method• Using phenotypes
• Independently assorting genes
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Mendel’s traits
• 7 characters on different chromosomes
• Some were on same chromosome
• Far enough part on chromosome to show independent assortment
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Mendelian Patterns in Human Genetics
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Traits in Humans
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Dominant Trait: Brachydactyly
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Autosomal Dominant
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Autosomal Recessive
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Pedigree Analysis