mesaj din partea directorului general message of the ... · mesaj din partea directorului general ....

Mesaj din partea Directorului General

Message of the Director General

Established on July 2 1998 the NationalCreata la 2 iulie t 998 Societatea Nalionala Company NUCLEARELECTRICA SANUCLEARELECTRICA SA (SNN SA) are ca (SNN SA) has as main misSion theprincipale misiuni producerea de energie production of nuclear power of nuclear fuel electrica pe cale nucleara producerea and the projects development at thecombustibilului nuclear si dezvoltarea invesshyCernavoda Nuclear Power Plant site tiliilor pe amplasamentul centralei nucleare de la

Cernavoda

Rezultatele foarte bune oblinute de Unitatea 1 aCNE Cemavoda de la intrarea sa in exploatare comerciala in 2 decembrie 1996 atingand un factor de capacilate global de aproximativ 87 $i costuri reduse de produclie atestil cil energia nucleara reprezinta pentru Romania 0 alternativa viabila de producere a energiei electrice Tolodata se confirmil $i faptul ca 3plitudinile de conducere au fost corect Iransferate specialistilor romani de la managerii AECL $i ANSALDO in cadrul prevederilor ontractului de conducere a investiliei semnat in august 1991

Prin funqionarea Unitalii 1 se aSigura anual peste 10 din Jroduclia nalionala de energie electrica evitandu-se totodata Jroducerea si evacuarea in mediullnconjurator a circa 20 000 je tone de cenusa zburatoare 4 milioane de tone de dioxid de arbon si alte gaze care contribuie la fenomenele de incalzire pilmantului si de formare a ploilor acide

Noile condilii ale economiei de piala (dereglementarea i ompetilia) sunt favorabile dezvoltarii sectorului energeticii lucleare In Romania CANDU 6 esle unul dintre cele mai igure reactoa re din lume Toate aceste avantaje reprezintii ugumente pentru continuarea reahzarii Unitalii 2 de la CNE ernavoda atar cu resurse tinanciare interne cat ~ i externe

in situ alia dificila In care se allil dezvoltarea resurselor lnergetice atat pe plan intern cal i internalional pentru NN SA provocarea consta in a demonslra prin rezultalele Ie exploatare ale Unitalii 1 de la CNE Cernavoda cil )(omovarea aceslei allernative este beneficil penlru populatie iind sigura economica $i cu impact minim asupra mediului (mbiant

The excellent results of the Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 - having an overall gross capacity faclor of approximately 87 and low production costs since its putting into commercial operation on December 2 1996 - confirm the fact Ihat nuclear power represents a viable alternative for the production of electricity in Romania This also confirms that the management skills were well transferred to the Romanian specialists from the AECL and Ansaldo managers under the provisions of the Project Management Contract conctuded in August 1991

Unit 1 assures about 10 of the overall national electricity production thus avoiding the production and release into the environment of 20000 tons of flying ashes 4 million tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to acid rain and global warming

The new market economy conditions (deregulation and competition) are favorable to the further development of the nuclear power sector in Romania CANDU 6 is one of the safest nuctear reactors in the world Aft these advantages urge us to continue the construction of the Cernavoda NPP Unit 2 with both local and foreign financial resources

Under these difficult conditions for the development of the power resources both at local and international level the challenge for the SNN SA consists in demonstrating through the operational results of the Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 that the future development of this alternative is quite an advantage for population as it has proved to be safe cost-effective and environment friendly

loan Rotaru

Date generale

General Data

Situata Tn sud-eslul Europei Romania este 0 tara cu 23 de milioane de locuitori ~i 0 supralata de 238 391 kmp

Veeinii nostri sunt Yugoslavia $i Ungaria Ja vest Ucraina la nord MOldova la est si Bulgaria la sud de-a lungul IIuviului Dunarea pe ultima portiune a cursului sau inainle de varsare in Marea Neagra

Capitala SUGure$ti 25 milioane locuitori 8 arase cu peste 300000 de lacuitari PIB 1640 USD cap lacuilar Cansumul de energie 2500 kWh cap lacuitar Maneda nalianala leu (ROL) (1$=20000 lei)

Din 1994 Romania esle membru al ConsiJiului Europei

You are in South-East of Europe in Romania a country of 23 milfion inhabitan ts and an area of 23839 1 square kilometers

Our neighbours are Yugoslavia and Hungary in West Ukraine in the North Moldavia at the eastern border and Bulgaria on the South side along the Danube river on the last part of its way to Ihe Black Sea

Capitat city Bucharest 25 mill inhabitants 8 cities over 300000 inhabitants GOP 1640 USO I capila Energy consumption 2500 kWh I capita National currency Leu (ROL) (1$=20000 lei)

Since 1994 Romania is member of the Europe Council

Amplasamentul primei centrale nuclearoelectrice din Romania prevazut pentru 5 unilati CANDU de 700MW liecare a lasl ales in regiunea Dobrogea langa ora~ul Cernavoda circa 15 000 locuilori din rna multe motive canalul Dunare~Marea Neagra reprezinta 0 sursa importanta de racire asigura un acces u~or pentru echipamentele grela $i agabaritice iar seismicitatea este redusa in comparatie cu restul teritoriului tarii

Zona Dobrogea este recunoscuta pe plan intern $ international ~i prin elementele vechii cult uri neolitice Hamangia faimoasele statuete din ceramica Ganditorul ~i perechea sa cat $i prin celebrul pod peste Dunare al inginerului Anghel Saligny inaugurat la 14 septembrie 1895 in zona se alia i renumitele podgorii Muriatlar ale caror vinuri au oblinut numeroase premii inlernalionale

The location of the first Romanian nuclear power plant comprising 5 units of 700 MW each was chosen in Dobrogea area near Ihe Cemavoda lown middot wilh approximately 15000 inhabitants for several reasons the Danube river-Black Sea canal represents an important source of coofing water it provides an easy access route lor the heavy and beyond standard equipment and the seismicity in the region is reduced as compared to other regions 01 the country

The oobrogea area is recognized both locally and abroad lor its vestiges of the Hamangia NeOlithic culture - the famous ceramic slatuelies The Thinker and His Male as well as for Anghel Saignys famous bridge on the Danube river opened to traffic on September 141895 In Ihe area Ihere are also the famous Murlatfar vineyards whose wines have been awarded many international prizes

4

Date de referinfa in energetica nucleara din Romania

Milestones in the History ofNuclear Power in Romania

Finalizarea studiului de fezabi litate The Romanian-Canadian leasibifity study Romano-Canadian pentru sislemul 1976 lor the CANDU system in Romania was

CANDU in Romania completed

incheierea contractelor intre The contracts between ROMENERGO and ROMENERGO ~i AECL pentru preluarea decembrie 1978 AECL lor the taHeover of the CANDU system licentei sistemului CANDU proiectarea $i December 1978 licence and for the nuclear equipment design

procurarea echipamenlelor specifice and procurement for Unit 1 were concluded pal1ii nucleare ale Unitajii 1

Tumarea primu lui beton la cladirea First Containment Concrele was poured 1982 reacto(ului Unitc1tii 1 (reactor building base slab)

incheierea conlractelor ROMENERGOshy The contracts between AOMENERGO shyfebruarie 1981ANSALDO (ltalia) ~i General Electric (SUA) Ansado (Italy) and General Electric (USA)

pentru partea clasica a Unilatii 1 for the conventional part (BOP) of Unit 1 February 1981 were concfuded

Sosirea pe ampiasament $i Instalarea The delivery on site and the instalalion decembrie 1985 vasu lui calandria la Unilatea 1 of the calandria vessel for the December 1985

CNE Cernavoda Cernavoda NPP Unit 1

Montarea canaretor de combustibil la Unilatea 1 The installation of the fuel channels at the 1989 Cemavoda NPP Unit t

Revolutia (amana stadiul realizarii decembrie 1989 Romanian revolution investitiei Unl lalii 1 esle de 45 December 1989 The Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 is 45 complete

Prima misiune PRE-OSART The first PRE-OSART mission of A EA-Vienna iulie 1990 la CNE Cernavoda a Agentiei Inlernaionale to the Cemavoda NPP July 1990

de Energie Alomica-AIEA de la Viena

incheterea conl raclului de management cu augusl 1991 The management contracl with AECLshyConsortlu AECL-ANSALDO (AAC) Ansaldo Consortium (AAC) was concludedAugust 1991

incarca rea cu combuslibil nuclear a UnitAW 1 mal-iunie 1995 The fuel loading of the Cernavoda NPP Unit May-June 1995

Prima criticitate a reactorului Unita1ii 1 16 aprilie 1996 The first criticality of the Unit 1 reactor April 15 1995

Prima coneclare la sislemul electroenergetic national 11 iulie 1996 The first synchronization 10 the grid a Unilatii 1 CNE Cernavoda of the Unil 1 July 11 1996

tntrarea in exploatare comercia la a 2 decembrie 1996 The CernavodtJ NPP Unit 1 is declared In Unitatli 1 CNE Cernavoda commercial operationDecember 2 1995

Transferul respon sabi litailor conducerit $i The fransfer of the Unit 1 management and30 lun ie 1997

exploalarii UntlaJII 1 de la AAC la personalu l roman operation responsabilities from AAC to theJune 30 1997 Romanian personnel

2 iulie 1998InfHntarea Societa1ii Nationale Nuclearelectrica SA The establishment of the Na tional July 2 1998 Company Nucfearelectrica SA

Acordarea de catre CNCAN a autorizaiei The issue 01 the final operating license for 30 aprilie 1999 pentru functionarea de durata a Unita~ii 1 the Cemavoda NPP Unit 1 by the National April 30 1999

CNE Cernavoda Commission for Nuclear Activities Conlrol ( CNCAN)

Unitatea 1 aCNE Cernavoda esle pe locul 10 The Cemavoda NPP Unit 1 ranks tenth in 30 seplembrie 1999 in ierarhia mondiala din punct de vedere al the world capacity factor top ten September 30 1999factorului de capacitate

Romania esle semnalara a Tratalului de neproliferare a armelor nucleare a Convenliei penlru daune civile a Convenjiei de securitale nucieara $i a allor reglemenlari inlernajionale importante din domeniul nuclear Reglementarile romanesli din domeniu sunl In concordanla cu cele ale legislatei Comunilajii Europene

Romania is part of the Non Proliferation Treaty of the Liability Convention of the Nuclear Safety Convention and of other important infernational regulations in the nuclear field The Romanian nuclear regulations are in line with the European Communily legislation

5

Profilul Societa~ii Na~ionale Nuclearelectrica SA

Companys Profile

Restructurare spre 0 plata aeschisa concurentei

SN Nuclearelectrica SA este inregistrata din 27 iulie 1998 la Registrul Comerjului al Camerei de Comerj si Induslrie SNN SA este subordonata Ministerului Industriei si Comerjului statui dejinand 100 din acliuni

SN Nuclearelectrica SA are Irei sucursale lara personal itate juridica

bull CNE PROD exploateaza Unitatea1 de la CNE Cernavoda precum $i serviciile auxiliare

bull CNE INVEST include Unitalile 2-5 in prezent implicala in linalizarea Unitajii 2 5i conservarea Unitalilor 3-5

bull FCN - Pite~ti fabrica de combuslibil nuclear

bull Misiunea SNN SA

bull Producerea de energie electrica $i caldura pe cale nucleara bull Producerea de combustibil nuclear de tip CANDU 6 bull Participare activa la programul de dezvoltare energetica al

Romaniei

e Viziunea SNN SA

bull Recunoasterea energeticii nucleare ca 0 sursa sigura competitiva 5i ecologica de producere industriala a electricitjii

bull Promovarea unui sislem de luc(u in industrie caracteristic economiei de piala concurential $i deschis privatizarii crearea de oportunitali pentru exportul de energie electrica

bull Exploatarea Unitalii 1 aCNE Cernavoda in condiii de securitate nucleara $i eficienla economica

bull Asigurarea securitalii personalului a instalaliilor a populajie i 5i a mediului ambiant

bull Finalizarea Unitalii 2 $i crearea unei organizalii de exploatare cu doua unitati in lunctiune

bull Oblectivele SNN SA

bull Meniinerea Unitalii 1 aCNE Cernavoda la putere nominala in limitele cerute de documentele de autorizare

bull Meninerea controlului asupra conliguraliei centra lei bull Meniinerea condijiei materiale a centra lei la standarde

nalte bull Menjinerea 5i perteciionarea sistemului de lucru existent

(business process) intr-un mod elicient bull Valorilicarea experienjei de exploatare bull Dezvoltarea continua $i mot iva rea resurselor umane bull Menlinerea de contacte in cadrul industriei nucleare $i a

comunittqii internationale bull Atragerea de capilal $i de tinaniari autohtone $i straine in

vederea tinalizarii 5i punerii in tuncjiune a Unitalii 2 bull Menjinerea unei imagini pozitive a societaii $i contacte

permanente cu publicul 5i mass-media

Restructurmg Towaras a Competition - Open Madet

Since July 27 1998 Nuclearelectrica - SA is registered with the Register of Commerce Chamber of Commerce and Induslry SNN SA is reporting to the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the state owns 100 of the shares

Nuclearefectrica -SA has three branches no legal person

bull CNE PROD operating the Cemavoda NPP Unit 1 and the auxifiary services

bull CNE INVEST including Units 2 to 5 actually in charge with the Unit 2 completion and U3-U5 preservation

bull FCN - Piteti the Nuclear Fuel Plant

SNN SA Mission

bull To produce nuclear-generated electricity and heat bull To produce CANOU 6 nuclear luel bull Active participation in the power development program in

Romania

SNN SA Approach bull

bull To recognize nuclear power as a reliable competitive and clean source of industrial electricity

bull To promote an industrial working system specific to the market economy competitive and open to privatisation to create opportunities for energy exports

bull To operate the Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 in a safe and efficient manner

bull To ensure the personnel equipment public and environment safety

bull To finalize Unit 2 and create an organization with two units in operation

SNN SA Objectives

bull To maintain the Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 at full power within the limits required by the licensing documents

bull To maintain the control and manage the configuration of the ptant

bull To maintain the materiat condition 01 the plant at high standards

bull To maintain and improve the existing business process in an efficient manner

bull To turn to good account the operation experience bull To continuously develop and motivate human resources bull To maintain good contacts in the nuclear industry and

international community bull To attract domestic and foreign capital and financing for

the completion and commissioning of Unit 2 bull To maintain a good image of the company and permanent

ontacts with the public and media

bull Pol itica Financiara

Politica linanciara a SNN SA este orientata prioritar pe bull Realizarea misiunii societalii in condilii de profitabilitate bull Realizarea echilibrului dinlre nevoi $i resurse in condiliile

pastrarii capacitalii de plata ale lichiditaii financiare $i solvabilitalii

bull Generarea 5i gestionarea unor fluxuri financiare pozitive de funclionare a fondurilor necesare finanarii proiectelor investilionale

bull intretinerea unor raporturi corespunzatoare cu partenerii contractuali cu Mncile cu acionarii sau obligatarii precum 5i cu organele fiscale ale statu lui

Financial policy bull

SNN SA financial policy is focused mainly on bull Accomplishing the mission of the company under profitable

conditions bull Attaining the balance between needs and resources by

maintaining the payment capacity and the liquidity sotvency

bull Generating and managing positive cash flows for operating the funds necessary to finance the new projects

bull Maintaining proper relationships with contract partners banks shareholders or obligees as well as with the state fiscal authorities

Starea patrimonial l11 flnanclara Capital propriu I Own capital 7066 miliarde lei billion lei a SNN SA in anul1999 Cifra de alace ri I Turnover 1752 miliarde leV billion lei

SNN SA Financial Slate Numar de angajati I Employees 2300 angajatiemployees

In 1999 Investilii realizate I Investments 398 miliarde leibillion lei

I Organigrama Societa~ii Na~ionale Codbullbulld I NUCLEARELECTRICA SAAdmllllslflJrion Boad _____________________ _

DireCll cle productie $1 seCU lilalS nvcleani

ProducflOl1 amp Nuclear Safety Diy--

Se clU lehnit si do produCl16

r1Jnica1 amp ProcttJctlon 001

I SUCUf5ala CNE PROO FCNPile$li

SVCUfua

CemavodJ Brallch NvdtJiJr Fllel Pfanf

CHoctor GenaraJ

umane Human Resources

ServlltJI JtJndlC conleOOO$

L9glJ1 AIfltJJrs

Orelttlil dezlol lsfe Inllesh1li l Proiec1S amp Development

DiviSion

ServiciUl managementServiclut Investitil contract Ult21 dezvoltae UI2COflflilct

Prajerts d Dev apr M~Opf -r SelVlCrtJl clelUlare

contracta energle elec Power CciltJacts M~1I9JM1f om

SeMClu1 lelalM 51 comunicafe

fnl Atlrf ampQmn Qx

SeMelul asiguraa I calila

OudJity Assvrance

I ~ afeceuron in1tryallonaie

comert $I cornurucare h ~rs TIlide 8 Ca7m Cw

SeMtklt Knpor-export comerclal

trlpot Export 8 rroloeDpl

Organisation Chart

Oiaelia rlolMle paltimonltJ Financjal Div

Serviclul COIlIabltnale Accooning Dpl

$eMCIOl finalciar Financial Opt

SeMcivt bugele Budgets )pl

SeNlclul adlTllnlsltalJ AdmlnlSlrallon Oat

7

Performan~ele CHE PROD bull Cernavoda

Station Performance

CJ(E Cemavold - sursd ewfogicii ae efectricitate

Cemavold J(PP - ewfogica[source ofpower

RESURSE ENERGETICE I TOTAL POWER RESOURCES ROMANIA 1999

GUpleu ~leolEnergia electrica Go1 Oil 305 The electricity produced produsa anual de n1I

=~~~~~~~~~ annualy by the Cerna voda

Uni tatea 1 aCNE NPP Unit 1 represen ts 2 1Cernavoda reprezinta approximately 10 of the

peste 10 din producUa - overall electricity production in~10 lode electrici tate totata a Romania By the end of lari i Pana la sfarsitul =-= 1999 the electricity

~ supplied to the grid totala de electricitate anulu i 1999 cantitatea

amounted to approximately int rod usa in releaua 158 million MWh In nalionala se rid ica la addition Unit 1 annually circa 158 miloane MWh supplied 60000 to 80000 in plus in fiecare an Gcal for the heating of the Unitatea 1 a furnizat intre 60-80 mii Gcal pentru incalzirea town of Cernavoda and for the industrial consumers in the consumatorilor de pe platforma industriai a centralei si a industrial area close to the plant (approximately 50 of the orasu lui Cernavoda (circa 50 din necesar) fara ca puterea necessary amount) the supplied heat did not decrease the electrica nominala a turboagregatului sa fie afectata electrical output below the unit design capacity

6 100 872786 19 8451

5

4

- 1997 3 1998

-1999 2

0 lt---== oyen--------- --shyBrut I Gross Uvrali I Net

Produqia de energ ie electrica Coeficientul de utilizare al puterii instalate Power Production Gross Capacity Factor

8

ProducUa de combustibil nuclear

Produclia de combustibil nuclear de tip CANDU a inceput in anul 1980 prin punerea in func)iune a sta)iei pilot ca seclie de combustibil in cadrul Institutului de Cercetari Nucleare (ICN) Pitesti Separarea Fabricii de Combustibil Nuclear ca entitate distincta s-a facut in anul 1992 in anul 1994 Fabrica de Combustibi l Nuclear (FCN) a fost autorizata de AECL ca producator de combustibil de tip CANDU 6

Capacitatea fabricii este de 90 de tone pe an respectiv de 23 de fascicule pe zi ceea ce asigura necesarul de combustibit pentru funclionarea Unitatii 1 FCN este capabila cu investil ii reduse de a-si extinde capacitatea de produc)ie necesara pentru a asigura funCionarea a doua unitali

InaIta cali tate a combustibilul nuclear produs in lara s-a demonstrat prin comportarea si performanlele obtinute in timpu l utilizarii sale in reactor rata de defectare de 004 la un grad mediu de ardere de 170 MWhkgU

FCN Pitesti poate oferi consultanta aSistenla tehnica si 0

serie de echipamente celor interesali in transfer de tehnologie de fabricare a combustibilului nuclear

Unitatea 2 CNE Cernavoda

Cernavoda Unit 2 NPP

Nuclear Fuel Production

The fabrication of the CANOU nuclear fuel started in 1980 through the commissioning of a CANOU type Fuel Pilot Plant as a department of the Nuclear Research Instilute (ICN) Pitesti The separation of the Nuclear Fuel Plant from tCN as a distinct branch took place in 1992 In 1994 the Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) was qualified by AECL as a CANOU 6 fuel manufacturer

The capacity of the plant is 90 tons per year respectively 23 bundles per day thus providing the necessary fuel for the Unit 1 operation FCN is able with small investment to extend its production capacity in order to ensure the operation of two units

The high quality of the domestic nuclear fuel produced in Romania was proven by its behaviour and performance during the reactor operation the failure rate of 004 at an average bumup factor of 170 MWhlkgU

FCN Pitesti can offer consultancy technical assistance and eqUipment to those interested in the transfer of nuclear fuel fabrication know-how

Productla de fascicule de combustibi Nuclear Fuel Production

The Cemavoda NPP Unit 2 Unitatea 2 aCNE Cemavoda is now about 40 completeeste realizata in proportie de circa and the Government of40 finalizarea ei constituind Romania has declared its pentru Guvernut Romaniei 0 completion as a nationalprroritate nationala priorityi n cursul ~nului 1999 s-a finalizat

The installation of the fuel channels was finalized during

montajul canalelor de combustibil Lucrarile de progres continua cu

partenerii tradi)ionali AECL Canada the year 1999 The progress works go on with our traditionalsi ANSALDO Italia Se investishy

gheaza posibilitali de atragere a partners AECL Canada and Ansaldo Italy Ne wfondurilor financiare externe si de opportunities of attracting foreign funds and extending

extindere a cooperarii cu firme din tari europene

Participarea nalionala la acest proiect de investilii prevazut a se finaliza la nivelul anului 2005 cuprinde contribu)ii importante ale infrastructurii nucleare dezvoltate in Romania pentru centralele de tip CANDU ca inventarul inilial de apa grea (circa 5jJO tone) combustibilul nuclear materiale echipamente si componente specifice precum si suport tehnic specializat de proiectare si execulie

the cooperation with companies lrom other European countries are being searched for

The national partiCipation in this project planned to be completed by the year 2005 comprises important contribution of the nuclear infrastructure developed in Romania for the CANOU power ptants such as the initial heavy water inventory (about 500 tons) the nucfear fuel the specific materiafs equipment and components as well as specific technical design and performance support

9

Prezentarea sistemului CANDU

CANOU System Presentation

Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr

UfD AJW~7~~~c- ~~shy~~_ IlullJlFt_~~ of middot ~f=rshy

~t=l f~~511111_

~ft lti tt f_ ~ot _ Ir -

Reactorul CANOU arde uraniul natural uilizand ca moderator si agent de racire in circuite inchise independente apa grea de puritate nucleara (continu izotopic peste 9975 0 20) in doua sisteme separate in circuit inch is

In cele 4 generatoare de abur caldura din circuitul primar este preluata de apa usoan) prin transformare in abur saturat Acesta se deslinde in turbina format a dintr-un corp de medie presiune Si 3 corpuri de joasa presiune producand energia mecanica necesara actionarii generalorului electric

La ie~irea din turbina prin extragerea caldurii reziduale cu ajutorul apei de racire preluate din Ounare aburul este condensat Circuitul esle reluat prin repomparea condensu lui pentru alimentarea generatoarelor de abur

The CANDU reactor burns natural uranium luel using heavy water of nuclear grade (with an isotopic content higher than 9975 0 2 0) as moderator and coolant in two independent closed systems

Further on in the four steam generators the heat from the primary heat transport system is transferred to the light ordinary water producing saturated steam By its expansion the steam rotates the turbine which has one medium pressure cylinder and three low pressure cylinders in the electrical generator the mechanical energy of the turbJfle is converted to electriCity

At the turbines exit the steam condenses the resulting heat being removed by the cooling water from the Danube river The circuit restarts the condense being pumped back as feed water for the steam generators

CARACTERISTICI TEHNICE I TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Puterea reactorului I Reactor Power MW 2180 Puterea eleclricA bruta I Gross Output MW t 7065 Consumul serviciilo( interne I Internal SeNices Consumption lt8 Numarul canalelor de combuSlibil1 Number of Fuel Channels 380 Numarul de buele Number of Loops 2 Numarul de generaloare de abur I Number of Steam Generators 4 Presiunea in circuitul prim ar (0 0) I Heal Transport System Pressure MPa 99 Temperatura la ie$irea din circ~itul primar I Heal Transport System Temperature (outlet) ~ C 310 Presiunea aburului saturat (H 0) J Steam Pressure MPa 48 Temperatura apei de alimenl~re I Feedwater Temperature ~ C 1872

10

Sisiemele de securitate nucleara Filosofia de proiectare

Siguranta pe prim pllm

Securitatea nucleara reprezinta totalitatea masurilor $i aqiunilor adoptate Tntr-o centrala nuclearoelectrica pentru protectia omului $i mediului ambiant Tmpotriva eliberarilor de substante radioactive

Pentru populatie $i mediul inconjurator riscul produs de combustibilul nuclear din reactor este minim Tntrucat Tn permanenta

bull puterea reactorului este sub control bull combustibilul este racit bull radioactivitatea este retinuta Acestea sunt red ate pe scurt de regula de aur control rElCire

si retinere

La reactoareie de tip CANDU sistemele de securitate sunt incluse Tn proiectuJ centralei pentru a limita eliberarile de radioactivitate Tn mediu pentru doua clase de evenimente

- un defect singular la un sistem de proces - un defect singular la un sistem de proces combinat cu

indisponibilitatea unuia din sistemeJe de securitate (accident dublu) Sistemele de securitate sunt Tn masura maxim posibila

independente Tn functionare $i fara conexiuni cu vreun sistem de proces inclusiv cu sistemul de reglare a reactorulul

Deoarece se presupune ca oricare dintre sistemeie speciale de securitate se pot defecta la solicitarea de a contracara defectarea unui sistem de proces prin proiect se asigura ca eliberarea de radioactivitate Tn mediu va fi sub limitele imp use de cerintele Autoritatii de Regtementare privind amplasarea centralei pentru astfel de situatii Teaca

combustibill EXistenta a doua sisteme de oprire Fuel Rod

Claddingrapida a reactorului permite emiterea ipotezei ca cel putin unuJ dintre ele va Combustibill functiona Tn cazul unui defect singular Fuel Matrix de proces situatie pentru care ambele sisteme de oprire au fost proiectate sa actioneze

Pentru a proleja cenlrala de evenimentele de cauza comuna cum ar fj incendiile proiectilele cauzate de defectarea turbinei sau a caderilor de avioane $1 care ar putea afecta simultan mai mulle sisteme de securitate aceste sisteme au fost impar1ite Tn doua grupuri Acesle doua grupur sunl separate fizic astfel Incat nici un eveniment de cauza comuna care s-ar produce fie in interiorul fie Tn exteriorul cladirii reactorului sa nu poata afecla decal cel mult unul din grupuri

Pentru a se evita depasirea IImitelor pentru eliberarile de radioactivitate cerintele de proiectare pentru cele doua grupuri de sisteme de securitate sunt

bull oprirea rapida a reactorului bull lndepartarea caJdurii reziduale a combustibiului bull furnizarea de informatii necesare operatorului pentru

evacuarea centralei bull controlul retinerii substantelor radioactive

si Tncadrarea eliberarilor

Safety Systems Design Philosophy

safetyfirst

Nuclear safety represents all the measures and actions taken within a nuclear power plant in order to protect people and the environment against radioactive releases

There is a minimum risk for the putgtic and the environment resulting from the reactor fuel provided that at all times

bull the reactor power is controlled bull the fuel is cooled bull the radioactivity is contained This is rendered by the so-called golden rule control cool

and contain

In the CANDU reactors the safety systems are incorporated in the plant design in order to limit radioactive releases into the environment for two types of events

- a single failure in a process system - a single failure in a process system combined with the failure

of one of the safety systems (a dual failure) The safety systems are independent in operation and free from

connection with any of the process systems including the regulating system to the greatest extent possible

Since it is assumed that any of the special safety systems may fail to perform its required function when called upon to counteract a single process system failure the plant design ensures that the release of radioactive material into the environment will be within the limits derived from regulatory siting requirements imposed by the Regulatory Authority for this type of situation

The existence of two reactor shutdown systems permits the assumption that at least one of these systems wifl operate folfowing any single process faifure for which both are designed to be effective

In order to protect the plant against common mode incidents such as fires turbine missiles and aircraft crashes that could affect several safety systems at the same time these systems have been divided into two groups

These two groups are physically separated so that no common mode incident occurring either inside or outside the reactor building could disable more than one of the groups

In order to avoid exceeding the radioactivity release limits the design requirements for the two groups are

bull to shutdown the reactor bull to remove decay heat from the reactor fuel bull to supply necessary information in order to permit the

operators to assess the state of the nuclear power bull to control the radioactive emissions retaining - in conformity with the required release limits

Anvelop8JAnvelope

Sistem primar transportcaldur8J Reactor Cooant System

Zona de excluderel Exclusion Zone

Barierele prevazute impotriva scaparilor de radioactivitate I Protection Barriers Against Radioactive Material Release

Tn limitele impuse

SECURITATEA SAFETY Conditle necesara pentru

energetica nucleara Prerequisite for Nuclear Power -DlSPONfBILlTATEA

CONTROLUL COSTURILOR ILo AVAILABILITY

COST CONTROL Criteriu Important pentru calitatea Justificare pentru energetica nucleara energiei eiectrice

Justification for Nuclear Power Key enenum for Electric Power Quality shy -11

Sanatatea securitatea ~i protecfia mediului

Health Safety and Enviroment Protection

Preocupare pentru a securitate rrtazimil

Dozele anuale sub limitele legale Societatea este angajata in permanenta in asigurarea la cel

mai inaIt nivel a securilatii si sanatalii angajalilor sai Aplicarea consecvenla a unei politici adecvale de securitate a facul ca doza medie individuala a personalu lui de exploalare al centralei nuclearoelectrice sa fie in 1999 de 129 mSv mull sub limila leg ala

Monitorizarea accidenlelor in sucursalele socielal ii se aclioneaza pentru adoptarea

masurilor tehnice $i organizatorice care sa contribuie la imbunatatirea securilatii muncii

limitarea numarului de accidente de munca constituie un faclor importanl al polilicilor de securilate implemenlale de sucursale Un efort conlinuu esle angajal pentru inslruirea personalului si penlru dezvoltarea culturii de securilale

Un impact radiologic neglijabil asupra mediului

SNN SA eSle hOlarta sa imbunalaleasca periormanlele de securilate i de mediu in scopul indeplinirii cerinlelor din aulorizaliile unilalilor nucleare

In scopul delerminarii impaclului aclivilalilor noaslre asupra populaliei si a mediului nalural in sucursale sunl alenl monitorizate toale emisiile Societatea ia loate masurile pentru a minimiza impaclul radiologic i n conformilate cu principiul ALARA (doze la un nivel cal mai scazul rezonabil de alins luand in considerare faclorii economici si sociali)

Sucursalele noaslre asigura condiliile necesare asltel incal evacuarile sa fie sub limilele aulorizale aplicabile

StriVingfOT wuVrtUrrt safety

Annual Doses Legal Limits The company is permanenlly committed to ensure maximum

healh and salety to its employee~ The consistent implementation 01 a well-conceived salety policy resuled in 1999 in an average individual occupational dose at the nuclear power plant 01 129 mSv well below the legal limit

Accidents Monitoring Appropriate technical and organizational measures are

taken with a view to improving industrial salety in our plants Limiting aCcidents at work is an important lactor 01 the salety

policies implemented in our branches Permanent efforts have been made to train the personnel and develop a salety culture

A Negligible Radiological Impact upon the Environment SNN SA is determined to improve its sa lety and

environmental pertormances in order to comply with the requirements 01 the nuclear site licenses

In order to determine the impact 01 our activities in the area on poputation and natural environment we carelully monitor aI kinds 01 emissions The company takes all necessary measures to minimize Ihe radiological impact in accordance with the ALARA principle (as low as reasonably achievable doses taking into account the economic and sociat lactors)

Our operational branches ensure that every discharge lals within the applicable regulatory limits

Non-Radiotogical Impact upon the Environment The most important source 01 potentially adverse impact

would come Irom spills 01 contaminants such as oils chemicals or the release 01 similar contaminants in gaseous and liquid effluents With appropriate preventive measures applied to our installations none 01 these contaminants had significant adverse effects on the environment on aquatic and terrestrial biota and their habitat or on the public or employees health and salety

Evacuari cumUlate de elluenji radioactivi (IlSvan) Radioactive emissions to the enviroment (jlSvyear)

2200

45562 7

o Fond natural I Natural Background

Limita legal a penlru populajie Legal dose limit for population

o Valoare linla I Target value

bull Doza realizala I Actual dose

12

Impactul neradiologic Cea mai importanta sursa de impact negativ asupra

mediului poate proveni din scurgerile de contaminanli precum uleiurile chimicalele sau evacuarile de asemenea contaminanli In efluentii gazosi sau lichizi Prin aplicarea la instalatiile noastre a unor masuri preventive corespunzatoare nici unul din ace~ti contaminanti nu a avut efecte negative semnificative asupra mediului flarei $i faunei acvatice $i terestre sau asupra sanatalii $i securitatii angajatiJor sau a populatiei

In mod similar zgomotul produs pe timpul exploatarii instalatiilor respecta nivelele prevazute de standarde

Efecte potentiale semnificative pot rezulta si din evacuarile de apa de racire de la centrala nuclearoelectrica Una din masurile preventive utilizate pentru a control a acest efect consta in monitorizarea cre$terii temperaturii apei in Oun~He $1 in canalul Dunare-Marea Neagra Rezultatele preliminare ale unui studiu Inceput in anul 1998 au aratat ca apele evacuate de la centrala nucteara nu au avut influenlii asupra acestora

Gospodarirea de~eurilor radioactive In concordanlii cu cerinlele organismelor nalionale de

reglementare la sucursalele noastre se opereazii sisteme de Jospodarire a de$8Uriior radioactive ce urmaresc asigurarea unei proteclii adecvate a populaliei si a mediului

Minimizarea volumelor de deseuri radioactive generate reprezinta problema cheie a pOliticilor implementate de 3ucursale

Deseurile radioactive de la fabrica de combustibil nuclear 3unt colectate tratate si depozitate definitiv folosind serviciile )rganizatiilor de specialitate

Centrala nuclearoelectrica are propriile facilitiiti pentru l1anipularea $i stocarea in siguranta a tuturor tipurilor de Jeseuri radioactive Majoritatea deseurilor radioactive solide 3unt stocate pentru 10-15 ani intr-o cliidire de beton mplasata in incinta centra lei Riisinile ion ice uzate sunt 3tocate pentru 30-35 de ani in rezervoare speciale mplasate in clMirea serviciilor Combustibilul nuclear uzat ste stocat pe 0 perioadii de 8 ani in bazinul de stocare lang a Iiidirea reactorului Pe termen scurt la Cernavodii se va onstrui un depozit intermediar de combustibil uzat pentru 0 Jurata de 50 de ani utilizand tehnologia de stocare uscatii

Statie de monitorizare Monftoring NPP Station

Similarly the noise produced during operations complies with the Romanian labor health and safety standards

Potentially significant effects might also result lrom the cooling water discharge at the nuclear power plant One 01 the preventive measures that are implemented to control this effect is the temperature increase monitoring in the Danube and Danube-Black See channel Thus preliminary results 01 a study started in early 1998 showed that the discharged waters had no such influence

Radioactive Waste Management Consistent with the national regulatory requirements

radioactive waste management systems are implemented in our branches aiming at securing adequate protection 01 the public and environment

The resulting minimization 01 the radioactive waste is a key issue of the subsidiaries policies

The radioactive waste Irom the nuclear fuel plant are collected treated and finally stored using services provided by dedicated organizations

The nuclear power plant has its own facilities for safe handling and storage of all types of radioactive waste The bulk of solid radioactive waste is stored for 10-15 years in a concrete building located within the inner fence of the plant The spent resins are stored for 30-35 years in dedicated tanks located in the service building of the reactor

The spent fuel is stored for 8 years in the reactor fuel bay An intermediate facility using dry storage technology will be built on the Cernavoda site for storing spent fuel for more than 50 years

Volumul de de~euri radioactive (m 3an)

Radwaste volumes (m3year)

bull Volumul conform proiect I Design value

Volum realizat I Actual volume

3

Resurse umane

Human Resources

Competenta motivare fncreaere fn viitorN

Complexitatea ~i gradul de risc al instalatiilor unei centrale nucleare impun asigurarea unei folt1e de munca de inalt nivel calitativ $i meninerea in limp a acesteia In aces sens obiectivele SNN SA in domeniul resurselor umane au in vedere urmatoarele aspecte

selectia instruirea $i autorizarea personalului in raport cu tehnicitatea complexitatea si importanta instalajiilor

instrui rea de antrenament pentru menjinerea capacitatii psihice ~i de cultura prolesionala care sa permita dezvoltarea deprinderilor pentru stapanirea mijloacelor moderne de lucru

in prezent numarul total al salariatilor din executiv si cele Irei sucursale pentru realizarea misiunii $i obiectivelor de activitate ate SNN SA este de 2300 Elicienja activitatii SNN SA a lost sporita in cursul anului 1999 prin aplicarea unui progra m de reorganizare care a avut ca prim pas disponibilizarea unui numar de circa 300 salariati Comparativ cu alte ramuri din economia najionala salariaj ii SNN SA

detin 0 pozitie privilegiatii pe piaja 10lt1ei de munca intrucat societatea olera pe lang a obiective si perspective lavorabi le de dezvoltare un grad sporit de stabilitate si motivare materiali

Exigentele de siguran din industria nucleara au lacut ca problematica lactorului uman sa lie avuta in vedere la determinarea siguranjei instalajiilor in acest sens se pune mare accent pe intelegerea problemelor legate de interactiunea om - instalajie pe dezvoltarea procedurilor de conduita atat pentru situatiile normaIe de funcjionare cat si in cazul aparitiei unor eventuale incidente sau accidente

Toate acestea fac ca SNN SA sa acorde 0 atentie cu totul deosebila managementului resurselor umane lactor considerat primordial in vederea indeplinlrii cu succes a misiunii sale

NColflpeterue rlWtivation trust In the future

The complexity and risk level of the facilities and equipment of a nuclear power plant require high qua lily manpower and its preservation in time To this end SNN SA objectives in Ihe human resources field are taking into account the following

selection training and licensing of the personnel relalive 0 technicality complexity and importance of equipment and facilities

practice training for maintaining the menIal condition and capability and job cullure allowing skills development necessary to deal with the modern work instruments and equipment

At present the total number of the executive staff and of the employees of the three branches performing activities in order to achieve SNN SA targets and objectives amounts to 2300 The efficiency of SNN SA activity increased over the year 1999 by implementing a reorganization program which resulted in dismissing in a first phase about 300 employees As compared to other sectors of our national economy SNN SA employees have a privileged position on the labor market as the company offers besides the favorable development prospects and objectives a greater social and professional steadiness security and incentives

The safety requirements within the nuclear power industry have called for the human factor related issues to be considered when determining the facilities safety Therefore a strong emphasis is placed on understanding the issues rela ted to the interaction man-equipment on the development of the behaviour procedures both under normal operating conditions and in the event of some incidents and accidents

These are the reasons why SNN SA is so much focused on the management of human resources the basic factor in successfully performing its mission

14

Metodologia de pregatire adoptata de CNE Cernavoda dera la principiile de Abordare Sistematica a Pregatirii ASP) ASP re prezinta un model uni versal de dezvoltare a istemelor de pregatire aplicat de catre organizalii le nucleare jin intreaga lume

Adoptarea ASP de catre CNE Cernavoda asigura 0 3bordare completa integrata accentuand atat cuno5tinlele ehnice 5i practice cat si cuno5tinlele despre factorii umani 3ptitudini 5i atitudini Sistemul ASP prezinta caracteristici de igurare a calitalii incluse iar folosirea acestuia asigura un istem de pregatire auditabil la CNE Cernavoda

Centrul de Pregatire a Persona lului (CPP) este localizat in imita zonei de excludere aCNE Cernavoda Centrul este 0 Iadi re moderna cu climatizare avand sali spalioase de ursuri ateliere 5i laboratoare de pregatire In CPP se alia nstalat Simulatorul Full - Scope in timp real

Simulatorul asigura CPP facilitali de instruire practica inlr-un nediu identic celui din Camera de Comanda Programul de Jregatire pentru licen liere consta in pregatirea intensiva pe 3imulato r Cursanlii pot Ii instruili in ap licarea tuturor Jrocedurilor din Camera de Comanda inclusiv Procedurile de Jrgenla Simulatorul este de asemenea folosit in scopul nstruirii operatorilor nelicentiati care formeaza Echipa de 1aspuns din Camera de Comanda Aceasta pregatire amiliarizeaza membrii echipei cu Lucrulin Echipa

Un campus cu acces limitat unde este posibila cazarea lizitatorilor se afla la aproximativ 2 kilometri distanja lala de ~PP Campusul include un restaurant un centru de recreere erenuri de ten is handball 0 sal a de gimnastica 5i doua )iscine

Pregatirea personalului

Personnel Training

The training methodology implemented at the Cemavoda NPP complies with the principles 01 the Systematic Approach to Training (SAT)

SA T is a universal model lor tra ining system development implemented by nuclear organizations worldwide SA T implementation at the Cemavoda NPP provides a broad integrated approach emphasising not only the technical knowledge and skills but also human lactors knowledge skills and attitudes SAT has inherent quality assurance (QA) leatures and its use provides the Cemavoda NPP with an auditable training system

The training centre is located just at the limit of the Cemavoda NPP exclusion zone The centre is a modem climate contro lled structure with extensive classroom workshop and laboratory training facilities The centre houses a real lime full scope simulator

The simulator provides the training centre with the facililies to supply hands - on training in an environment which replicate the Main Control Room The HRDD license training program is simulator intensive Trainees can receive training lor all procedures which are Control Room initiated including Emergency Procedures The simulator is also used to train non-licensed operators who are part of the Control Room Transient Response Team This training provides team members with instructions on working in the Team Environment

A town-site with limited access where the viSitors accomodation is available is located approximately 2 kiloshymetres from the training centre The town-site includes a restaurant a recreation centre tennis courts handball courts a gym and two swimming pools

5

Cooperarea internationala

International Co-operation

in domeniul energeticii nucleare principalul scop in cooperarea internalionala il reprezinta cre~terea siguranlei si fiabilitalii unitalilor nucleare In acest sens marea majoritate a larilor sunt angrenate intr-o activa cooperare cuprinzand numeroase forme ca schimb de informatii participari la cursuri ~i manifestari inlernalionale elaborare de studii expertize proiecte teste cercelari si reglementari comune sa Toale acestea conlribuie la continua perieclionare a personalului societalii si la consolidarea culturii de securilate

Numeroase asemenea activitali se desfasoara sub egida unor organizalii sau organisme intemationa le specializate ca Agenlia Internationala pentru Energie Atomica (AIEA) de la Viena Grupul proprietarilor CANDU (COG) Asocialia Mondiala a Operatorilor Nucleari (WANO) organizaii la care a aderat ~i SNN SA

Pe probleme de exploatare ~i intrelinere instalalii nucleare fabricare de combustibil nuclear ~i pregatire personal SNN SA este parte a unor acorduri de cooperare in domeniu incheiate la nivel guvemamental spre exemplu cu Japonia (JEPIC) Argentina (CONE A) Canada (AECL)

Sub egida AIEA CNE PROD prin Departamenlul de Dezvoltare Resurse Umane acorda asistenta speciali~tilor nuclearisti din tari le in curS de dezvoltare detinatoare de centrale CANDU

Acordarea licentei de producator de energie electrica permite SNN SA sa-si largeasca sfera de coperare prin investigarea pielei externe de electricitate pentru energia electrica prod usa de Unitatea 1 de la Cernavoda

Finalizarea Unitalii 2 de la CNE Cernavoda reprezintil de asernenea unul din obiectivele majore ale societali Penlru finalizarea acestui proiect conlinua cooperarea cu partenerii lraditionali AECL Canada si Ansaldo Italia De asernenea sunl investigate noi posibilitali de cooperare cu firme din Germania si Spania

A 5-a Reuniune a Comitelului lehnic COGAIEA Mangalia Romania 7-10 Seplembrie 1998

5th COGIIAEA rCM

In the nuclear field the international cooperation rnainly airns at ensuring the safety and reliability of the nuclear facilities For attaining this goal most countries are involved in a very active co-operation consisting in many approaches such as information exchange training courses and international meetings elaboration of studies expertise deSigns tests research and common regulations All these contribute to a permanent improvement of the company personnel qualification and to the consolidation of the plant personnel safety culture

A great number of these activities are carried out under the aegis of international specialized organizations or entities such as International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-Vienna the CANDU Opera lars Group (COG) the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) SNN SA has adhered to

SNN SA is part of several international agreements in the field concluded at governmental level such as the agreements with Japan (JEPIC) Argentina (CONEA) Canada (AECL) in the field of nuclear ins tallations operation and maintenance nuclear fuel manufacturing and personnel training

Under IAEA s aegis CNE PROD through its Human Resources Development Department grants technical assistance to the nuclear specialists coming from the developing countries that operate CANDU nuclear power plants

The issuance by ANRE (the National Electricity and Heat Regulatory Authority) of the electricity producer licence allows

the company to extend its area of cooperation through foreign electricity market survey for the nuclear power produced by the Cernavoda NPP- Unit 1

The completion of the Cernavoda NPP shyUnit 2 also represents one of the companys major objectives The co-operation dedicated to the project completion is going on involving the traditional partners AECLshyCanada and Ansaldo-Italy Also new possibilities of co-operation with companies from Germany and Spain are being investigated

I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations

Energetica nudeard shyefectricitate uufustriafa ieftinii sigurd ~i ecofogicd

Principalul obiectiv al SNN SA in domeniu l re laliilor publice consta in cre$terea gradului de acceptare a energeticii nucleare prin csectstigarea increde rii populaiei faa de aceasta alternativa de producere a energiei elect rice in acest scop societatea aclioneaza pentru imbunatalirea tuturor activitalilor legate de relatii le publice

Dezvoltarea relaliilor cu organizatiile internaionale cu organizaliile adminisshy

NJufear power shycfteap safe ana environmentfrienafy UuilLtria( efectridtlj

The main target of SNN SA in the public relations field consists in increasing the acceptance level of nuclear power by winning public trust in this alternative of power generation To achieve this goal the company acts to Improve the quality of aI public relations activities

Developing relations with international organizations local and central administrative organizations media

representatives and traliei locale si centrale representatives of the cu reprezentanii massshy national and interna shymedia $i cu ce i ai tional civil socie ty societaii civile interne si represents other internalionale reprezinta fields in which SNN de asemenea domenii SA is acting in order in ca re SNN SA to maintain a positive aclioneaza pentru picture of the menlinerea unei imagini Company and to pozitive a companiei $i increase the number cre$terea numaru lui of people supporting partizanilor energet lcii the nuclear power nucleare alternative

The open doors Programul U$i deschise program provided byasigurat de sucursala CNE PROD branch eNE-PROD permite

vizitarea Unitalii 1 saptamanal in zilele de joi-sambata intre orele 8-12 cu excepia perioadelor de oprire planilicata in alara de distribuirea de materia Ie publicitare in mod special pentru copii se organizeaza concursuri de desen sau compuneri avand ca tematici aspecte rei inute in urma acestor vizite

Politica SNN SA In domeniu l relaiilor publice este bazata pe transparena onestitate promptitudine incredere si respect

alows weekly visits at Unit 1 every day from Thursday till Saturday between 8-12 hours except for the planned outage periods Besides the dis tribution of advertising materials drawings and papers contests for children are also organized on topiCS chosen as a result of these visits

SNN SA policy in the public relations field is based on transparency honesty promptness trust and respec t

17

Planul de urgenfa

Emergency Plan Pana in prezent centrale Ie nucleare de tip CANDU nu au lost

conlruntate cu evenimente sau situalii care sa conduca la 0

ameninlare a sanatalii sau protecliei populaliei Cu to ate ca aceste riscuri sunt minime centrala fiind echipata

cu sisteme de siguranla care sa previna sau sa faca fala unor asemenea evenimente S8 iau masuri suplimentare care sa ajute la protejarea populaliei ~i mediului ambiant Printre acestea se regasesc ~I planurile de urgenla cerute de legislalia nalionala pentru autorizarea funclionarii fiecarei centrale nucleare Aceste planuri la CNE Cernavoda sunt verificate si imbunatalite prin exerci)ii trimestriale anuale ~i generale care simuleaza diferite condilii de accident nuclear Informatii importante pentru locuitorii din zonele invecinate centralei nucleare se gasesc in gh)dul personal Planul de urgenla distribuit gratuit acestora

Incepand cu 1995 cu implicarea institutiilor la nivel local national $i la unele internationat au avut lac la CNE Cernavoda urmatoarele exercitii AXtOPOllS95 NEPTUN95 SAFE POWER96 PHOENIX97 DOBROGEA98 DUNAREA99 $i MILENtUM 2000 Exercitiile au permis testarea planurilor de urgenta imbunatalirea comunicarii $i a activitalilor necesare in caz de urgenla radiologica

Date comparative

Comparative Data

Prin arderea in reactorul unitalii 1 de la CNE Cernavoda a unui fascicul de combustibil produs de Fabrica de combustibil nuclear de la Pitesti care conIine in medie 215 kg dioxid de uraniu natural se produce 0 cantitate de energie electrica de 1115 MWh

Tinand seama de calitatea combustibiliior fosili utilizati in Romania acceasi cantitate de energie electrica poate fi obtinuta in termocentrale din

1110 t

So far the CANOU nuclear power plants have not been confronted with events and situations threatening the public health and security

Though these risks are minimum as the plant is equipped with safety systems ready to prevent or face up such events additional measures are still taken to protect the population and the environment The emergency plans are part of these measures and they are required bYlhe national legislation for the licensing of each nuclear plant operation On the Cernavoda NPP site these plans are checked out and improved through quarterly annual and general drills that simulate various conditions of a nuclear accident Important information for the population living in the areas close to the nuclear power plant are published in the personnel guide Emergency Plan and distributed free of charge

Since 1995 by involving the local national and some international institutions the following exercises were performed at Cernavoda NPP AXIOPOLlS95 NEPTUN95 SAFE POWER96 PHOENIX97 OOBROGEA 98 OUN4REA99 and MILENIUM 2000 The exercises allowed the emergency testing the improving of the communications and required activities in case of radiological emergency

By buming inside the reactor of the Cernavoda NPPs Unit 1 a nuclear fuel bundfe manufactured by the Nuclear Fuel Plant -Pitesti containing on the average 215 kg of natural uranium dioxide a quantity of 1115 MWh electricity is generated

Taking into account the quantity of fossil fuel used in Romania the same quantity of electricity can be generated within the thermal plants

hUlia onofgoticM powerpil CQlJJ 470 tee (tee) lone combuslibil

COfiVCtlIICl1Jfl 1cx)1 -- 01 C01IYDOIiofIoJ fuel2220 I

ctIrbLl OlHV 215 Kg UObrown ClJ8i (TgnIIe)

363middot 10 Nm3 gaze naturale ----~ I

317t ~~~==~ M==~_~pcurN luBtail

cat de curate pentru mediul ambiant SUn tehnoiogiiJe energetice

Pentru a produce 0 cantitate de energie echivalenta cu cea realizata anual de Unitatea 1 de la CNE Cernavoda a centrala termoelectrica consuma aproximativ 6 milioane tone de lignit indigen Prin arderea acestu ia se evacueaza in mediul ambiant circa 1 500 000 tone de zgura si cenU$a din care 20000 tone cenu~a zburatoa re 4 milioane tone de CO2 si cantitati semnilicative de S02 si NO

Tn maio po plan onondl1 Il pr kWh de iIn2fVI eteclnca IIf11Ilil TIle aV6lile MNldwide ligulas of CO gelion Itgt fJIlJrJurv f WI1

in centrale nuciearoelecltice I 111 Nuclear Power Plans 4 9 CO fn centrale eleclrice pe gaze I 11 Gas Flfed Power Plants 446 gCO in centrale eectrice pe pacura I in Fuel Oil Fired Power Plants 818 9 CO in centrale eleclrice pe carbune I in Coal Fired Power Plants 955 9 CO

ge~~

How cfean are power technofogies for the environment

For generating a quantity of electricity equivafent to that yearly achieved by the Cernavoda NPP Unit 1 a thermal power plant burns about 6 million tons of domestic lignite By burning this quantity of lignite about 1500000 Ions of ashes cuiders slag are realesed into the environment out of which 20 000 tons of flying ashes 4 million tons CO2 and significant quantities of S02 and NOx

CO 50deg1 IDoltI ltt~1

Conlributia diferileor gaze la incalzirea planetei prin efeclul de sera Contribution of various greenhouse gases to global warming

18

Date generale

General Data

Situata Tn sud-eslul Europei Romania este 0 tara cu 23 de milioane de locuitori ~i 0 supralata de 238 391 kmp

Veeinii nostri sunt Yugoslavia $i Ungaria Ja vest Ucraina la nord MOldova la est si Bulgaria la sud de-a lungul IIuviului Dunarea pe ultima portiune a cursului sau inainle de varsare in Marea Neagra

Capitala SUGure$ti 25 milioane locuitori 8 arase cu peste 300000 de lacuitari PIB 1640 USD cap lacuilar Cansumul de energie 2500 kWh cap lacuitar Maneda nalianala leu (ROL) (1$=20000 lei)

Din 1994 Romania esle membru al ConsiJiului Europei

You are in South-East of Europe in Romania a country of 23 milfion inhabitan ts and an area of 23839 1 square kilometers

Our neighbours are Yugoslavia and Hungary in West Ukraine in the North Moldavia at the eastern border and Bulgaria on the South side along the Danube river on the last part of its way to Ihe Black Sea

Capitat city Bucharest 25 mill inhabitants 8 cities over 300000 inhabitants GOP 1640 USO I capila Energy consumption 2500 kWh I capita National currency Leu (ROL) (1$=20000 lei)

Since 1994 Romania is member of the Europe Council

Amplasamentul primei centrale nuclearoelectrice din Romania prevazut pentru 5 unilati CANDU de 700MW liecare a lasl ales in regiunea Dobrogea langa ora~ul Cernavoda circa 15 000 locuilori din rna multe motive canalul Dunare~Marea Neagra reprezinta 0 sursa importanta de racire asigura un acces u~or pentru echipamentele grela $i agabaritice iar seismicitatea este redusa in comparatie cu restul teritoriului tarii

Zona Dobrogea este recunoscuta pe plan intern $ international ~i prin elementele vechii cult uri neolitice Hamangia faimoasele statuete din ceramica Ganditorul ~i perechea sa cat $i prin celebrul pod peste Dunare al inginerului Anghel Saligny inaugurat la 14 septembrie 1895 in zona se alia i renumitele podgorii Muriatlar ale caror vinuri au oblinut numeroase premii inlernalionale

The location of the first Romanian nuclear power plant comprising 5 units of 700 MW each was chosen in Dobrogea area near Ihe Cemavoda lown middot wilh approximately 15000 inhabitants for several reasons the Danube river-Black Sea canal represents an important source of coofing water it provides an easy access route lor the heavy and beyond standard equipment and the seismicity in the region is reduced as compared to other regions 01 the country

The oobrogea area is recognized both locally and abroad lor its vestiges of the Hamangia NeOlithic culture - the famous ceramic slatuelies The Thinker and His Male as well as for Anghel Saignys famous bridge on the Danube river opened to traffic on September 141895 In Ihe area Ihere are also the famous Murlatfar vineyards whose wines have been awarded many international prizes

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Companys Profile









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SNN SA Mission


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Organisation Chart






7


Station Performance










6 100 872786 19 8451

5

4

- 1997 3 1998

-1999 2



8
























9



Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr


~t=l f~~511111_










10






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18





























5


Companys Profile









Romaniei

e Viziunea SNN SA




















SNN SA Mission


Romania







SNN SA Objectives





























SVCUfua


CHoctor GenaraJ



L9glJ1 AIfltJJrs


DiviSion





fnl Atlrf ampQmn Qx


OudJity Assvrance





Organisation Chart






7


Station Performance










6 100 872786 19 8451

5

4

- 1997 3 1998

-1999 2



8
























9



Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr


~t=l f~~511111_










10






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18


Companys Profile









Romaniei

e Viziunea SNN SA




















SNN SA Mission


Romania







SNN SA Objectives





























SVCUfua


CHoctor GenaraJ



L9glJ1 AIfltJJrs


DiviSion





fnl Atlrf ampQmn Qx


OudJity Assvrance





Organisation Chart






7


Station Performance










6 100 872786 19 8451

5

4

- 1997 3 1998

-1999 2



8
























9



Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr


~t=l f~~511111_










10






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18





















SVCUfua


CHoctor GenaraJ



L9glJ1 AIfltJJrs


DiviSion





fnl Atlrf ampQmn Qx


OudJity Assvrance





Organisation Chart






7


Station Performance










6 100 872786 19 8451

5

4

- 1997 3 1998

-1999 2



8
























9



Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr


~t=l f~~511111_










10






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18


Station Performance










6 100 872786 19 8451

5

4

- 1997 3 1998

-1999 2



8
























9



Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr


~t=l f~~511111_










10






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18
























9



Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr


~t=l f~~511111_










10






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18



Ot ~ o ~~

fr(m FC9J cnlllr


~t=l f~~511111_










10






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18






si retinere














safetyfirst




and contain












Anvelop8JAnvelope




Tn limitele impuse































2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18


























2200

45562 7





12























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18























3

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18

Resurse umane

Human Resources
















14







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18







Personnel Training






5










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18










5th COGIIAEA rCM








I 16

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18

RelaJii publice

Public relations













17

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18

Planul de urgenfa






Date comparative

Comparative Data



1110 t















ge~~





18

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