MesopotaMesopotamia mia 3500 3500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E.B.C.E. – 1500 C.E.

Chapter 2, 3 & 14, 15

Pages 20-25, 42-52,

248-267 & 270-287

Teaching Objectives:

Recognize primary governments in the Middle East, their roles and conflicts

Describe Sumerian society and its contributions and influence

Identify goods and cultural elements exchanged in its sea trade

Discuss the importance of the teachings of Judaism, Islam and Christianity

Analyze the rise and fall of leaders

Ancient Asia MapUse pages 44, 49, 259 and 261for locations.

Directions: Locate the following by outlining and coloring locations. Identify locations by name or number and use DIFFERENT COLORSfor areas adjacent to each other.

1. Phoenicia2. Cyprus3. Israel4. Judah5. Red Sea6. Egypt7. Tigris River8. Euphrates River9. Babylon10. Mediterranean Sea11. Persian Gulf12. Lebanon13. Baghdad14. Jerusalem15. Mecca

Timeline— 3500 B.C.E. – Sumerians move into Mesopotamia— 2300 B.C.E. – Akkadian built world’s first empire— 1700 B.C.E. – Hammurabi brought southern

Mesopotamia under one rule— 1600 B.C.E. – Hittites destroy Babylon & Rule— 1450 B.C.E. – Hittite kings create a centralized

government— 1200 B.C.E. – Hittite Empire invaded— 1200 B.C.E. – Moses leads Jews out of Egypt— 1000 B.C.E. – Phoenicians develop the alphabet— 671 B.C.E. – Assyrians take over Fertile Crescent and Egypt— 562 B.C.E. – Nebuchadnezzar dies & Persian

Empire begins its rise— 333 B.C.E. – Alexander the Great conquers Persian Empire— 622 C.E. – Islamic Empire Begins

1. What two rivers run through the Fertile Crescent?

2. Which two river valley civilizations are shown on this map?

3. In what present day country is Mesopotamia located?

Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

Egypt & Mesopotamia

Iraq

Geography

Mesopotamia “Land between the

rivers” Silt created new land

at the gulfFertile Crescent

Ur

WHAT CHALLENGES DID PEOPLE FACE IN MESOPOTAMIA?

1. Unpredictable floods destroyed crops, homes & people

2. Some areas were marshy and unsuitable for farming

3. This land was vulnerable to attack and invasion

The Sumerians

Organization of

City-States Hierarchy of Power

Supreme Ruler-King Priests Nobles Commoners Clients

Ziggurat in the city-state of Ur

(Present day)

Contribution of the Sumerians

Cuneiform – 3000 B.C.E.

Arch Math Legal Code

Hammurabi Major Advance in

civilization

Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways1. Akkadians

Sargon I – 1st Empire

2. Babylonians Hammurabi – Legal Code

3. Hittites Excelled in organization

of empire Allied with Egypt = peace 1st in Middle East to use

iron

Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways4. Phoenicians Lebanon today Destroyed Hittite Empire Decline of Egypt

Canaanites Division of Labor

Great Sea Traders Shipbuilders Navigators Colonizers

Location and Language Close to Mesopotamia Hebrew

The Alphabet

Created to keep records for trading operations

22 letters Number system based

on 60

Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways5. Israelites Israel today Semitic language -

Hebrew Religion – Judaism

Influenced

Christianity & Islam Old Testament Judaism

Monotheistic Bible – gave Moses 10

Commandments Torah – first 5 books of Bible

Judaism leads to Christianity & IslamIslam Judaism Christianity

adherents called Muslims Jews Christians

current size rank 2nd largest 12th largest largest

identity of Jesus

True prophet of God, whose message has

been corrupted

false prophet Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world

names of GodAllah (Arabic for

God)Yahweh, Elohim Yahweh, the Holy Trinity

sacred text Qur'an (Koran) Bible Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament)

clergy imams rabbis priests, ministers, pastors, bishops

house of worship mosque synagogue church, chapel, cathedral

main day of worship Friday Saturday Sunday

church and state integrated separate separate

Right and Wrong

What actions does society teach us are right and wrong?

While studying this section, look for values that we have inherited from the Jewish religion.

Conquerors Took on Sumerian Ways6. Assyrians

Ruthless Capital: Ninevah

7. Chaldeans Led by

Nebuchadnezzar Contributed to

Astronomy & Astrology

Last to be influenced by Sumerians

Persians Ruled by a despot Treated people

humanely Excellent

communication system

Islamic Empire Followed Muhammad

Last profit of Islam = submission to God Taught Five Pillars & Koran teachings Sharia Law

Took over Persian and Byzantine Empires Both fought and poor treatment of people People welcomed new government

Look at the map Pg. 264

Which empire controlled the most territory?

Judge the Muslim rule in India between 1000 and 1500 C.E. In terms of well-being of the Indian people, was it positive or negative. Be able to support your positions with evidence from the text.

750 C.E. -

Abbasid Dynasty

1200 - 1526 C.E. -

Delhi Sultanate established

1453 C.E. -

Ottoman Turks reunite Muslim lands

1250 C.E. -

Mongols Invaded

1000 C.E. -

Seljuk Turks