Metal FormingAdvantages:

Low metal expense High productivity High accuracy of sizes and quality of

the surface Improvement of structure and

increase in mechanical characteristics of metal

Metal Forming Classification

Types of metal forming

Fabrication of shapes Fabrication of billets and machine parts

Rolling Drawing Forging Hot Cold Pressing die forging sheet-metal

stamping

Physical Grounds of Metal Forming

Elastic Plastic Fracture

deformation deformation

Physical Grounds of Metal Forming

Laws of plastic deformation

1. The law of conservation of volume

Physical Grounds of Metal Forming

Laws of plastic deformation

2. The law of the least resistance 3. The law of shear stress

Physical Grounds of Metal Forming Heating of billets:

Chamber furnace Continuous furnace

Electric contact (а) and induction (b) heaters:1 – billet, 2 – inductor, 3 – copper contact