mgt 386 section 11 goal setting theory.ppt11

8/6/2019 MGT 386 Section 11 Goal Setting Theory.ppt11

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Section 11- Goal Setting Theory


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Leaders are Readers

The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

Stephen R Covey (2004)

#2 Begin with the End in Mind The HP Way, David Packard (2005)

We thought if we could get everyone to agree on

what our objectives were and to understand what

we were trying to so, then we could turn them

loose and they would move in a common

direction.

This is Goal Setting


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Goal Setting

Goal: What an individual is trying to accomplishthrough his or her behavior and actions.

Goal Setting Theory: A theory that focuses onidentifying the types of goals that are most

effective in producing high levels of motivationand performance and why goals have theseeffects.

Goal setting can operate to enhance both intrinsic

motivation (in the absence of any extrinsicrewards) and extrinsic motivation (when workersare given extrinsic rewards for achieving theirgoals).


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Solid Goal Characteristics

S Specific

M Measurable

A Achievable

R Result based

T Time specific


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(Continued)

Goal Setting

Major Dimensions of Goal Setting

Research on the Impact of Goal Setting

The Importance of Specific Goals

The Importance of Difficult and Challenging Goals

Goal Acceptance, Participation, and Commitment

Self-Efficacy and Goals

Objective and Timely Feedback


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Characteristics of Motivating Goals SpecificitySpecificity

Often quantitative

DifficultyDifficulty

Should be hard but not impossible for mostworkers to achieve

AcceptabilityAcceptability

Especially important when managers set goals forsubordinates

FeedbackFeedback

So that workers know how well they are doing


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Specific, Difficult Goals Affect Motivation

and Performance by:

Directing workers attention and action

toward goal-relevant activities

Causing workers to exert higher levels of

effort

Causing workers to develop action plans to

achieve their goals

Causing workers to persist in the face ofobstacles or difficulties


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Limits to Goal Setting Theory

There are two circumstances under whichsetting specific, difficult goals will not lead tohigh motivation and performance:

When workers lack the skills and abilities neededto perform at a high level. (never forget: performance = ability * motivation * support)

When workers are given complicated anddifficult tasks that require all of their attentionand require a considerable amount of learning.


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Goal Setting(Continued)


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Management by Objectives (MBO) A goal-setting process in which a manager meets

with his or her supervisor to set goals andevaluate the extent to which previously set goalshave been achieved.

Although less common, MBO can also be used asa motivational tool for nonmanagers.

Necessary characteristics for MBO success:

Set goals should contribute to organizationaleffectiveness.

Goals should be specific and difficult.

A certain amount of trust and rapport must existbetween managers and their supervisors.


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Goal Setting(Continued)


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Advice to Managers

1. Be sure that a workers goals are specific anddifficult, whether set by you, by the worker, orby both of you.

2. Express confidence in your subordinatesabilities to attain their goals, and givesubordinates regular feedback on the extent ofgoal attainment.

3. When workers are performing difficult andcomplex tasks that involve learning, do not setgoals until the workers gain some mastery overthe task.


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Personal Goal Framing and Development

15-20 Minutes

James B. Avey PhD


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Develop Your Goal

Take a moment and think about somethingyou want to accomplish in the next 6 months.

Can be personal, work, school, whatever

domain is salient. Make it YOUR goal,something that REALLY matters to you.

Write it down

Frame it in the following ways: Reasonably difficult- some chance of failure

Approach vs. avoidance (something to do; not

something to avoid)

Clearly measurable


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Develop Your Goal

List 3-5 milestones or sub-goals that you willneed to accomplish along the way. Maybe

draw it in a sequence if you wish.

Take a moment and think about what will

prevent you from accomplishing the goal.

These are obstacles. Write down 3-5 of these obstacles.

Write down what you will do to overcome the

obstacles


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Questions

mgt 386 section 11 goal setting theory.ppt11

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