microplastics in the sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......tri aryono hadi, bayu prayudha research...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem sediment,
Lombok, Indonesia
Muhammad Reza Cordova*, Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha
Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding author : [email protected]
Presented in International Symposium on Marine Plastic Debris
![Page 2: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Plastic in the environment, so what?
2
Only an asthetic problem?
![Page 3: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Consequences
3
Macro-/ Mesoplastic = effects are obvious
• Physical impairment after swallowing, entanglement, etc.
• Clear environmental risks & consequences
• Ingestion of plastic proved for > 395 marine species, furthermore 100% of all beached seabirds have plastic in their stomach
Source: http://www.diveinside.de/aktuell_Ein_Meer_voller_Muell_3716.html
Plastic pieces > 5 mm
Quelle: www.occupyforanimals.org
![Page 4: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
What will happen to the plastic debris?
Heat
• Particles < 5 mm “microplastic”
Waves UV Bacteria
![Page 5: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Consequences
5
Microplastic = effects not obvious = lack of research
? • High risk for entering the food web
• Potential environmental risks are known, but real consequences are mostly unknown
Plastic pieces < 5 mm
Source: NOAA Marine Debris Program
![Page 6: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why Lombok?
6
• Located in Indonesian Through Flow outlet
• Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems, provide habitats and shelter for many marine organism
• Part of the contribution of Indonesian researcher for the International Indian Ocean Expedition 2 program
![Page 7: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Study Question and Aims
• Are there microplastics in coral reefs sediment from Sekotong, Lombok?
• Occurrence, Distribution, and Characteristic of microplastics?
Aims
• To analyze occurrence, distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the sediment of coral reefs sediment in Sekotong, Lombok, Indonesia
Study Question
![Page 8: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sediments on coral reefs ecosystem on 3-5 m depth
Sample collection
![Page 9: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sample analysis
Wet sediment
Preparation and separation
Wet Peroxide Oxidation
Density separation using flotation methods with 1.8g/l concentrated saline solution (Thompson et al 2004; Claessens et al. 2011; Nor and Obbard 2014)
Stored in sterile petridish Covered with Parafilm®
Methods modification from Lippiatt et al. (2013) & NOAA (2015)
Microplastics identification
(1) particle size ≤ 5mm, (2) particle has homogeneous colour, not shiny or sparkling and no cellular or organic structure, (3) fiber particle are unbranched and not segmented.
Hidalgo-Ruz et al. (2012), Cole et al. (2013), Nor and Obbard (2015)
Plastic polymer identification Nicolet™ iS5 FT-IR Spectrometer with diamond crystal attenuated total reflectance (ATR)
Löder and Gerdts (2015)
![Page 10: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Results
10
Microplastics Abundance (count/kg)
0 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 75 75 - 100
77 n/kg
69 n/kg
Gili Lontar
Gili Gede
Gili Rengit
Gili Layar
Gili Asahan
Lombok
![Page 11: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Results
Fragment Granule Fiber
32.51% 22.77% 3.52%
Foam
41.20%
![Page 12: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Results
0,005
0,010
0,015
0,020
0,025
0,030
0,035
0,040
0,045
Ab
so
rba
nc
e
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Wav enumbers (cm-1)
41.09%
Polystyrene
-0,012
-0,010
-0,008
-0,006
-0,004
-0,002
0,000
0,002
0,004
0,006
0,008
0,010
0,012
0,014
0,016
0,018
0,020
Ab
so
rba
nc
e
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Wav enumbers (cm-1)
0,005
0,010
0,015
0,020
0,025
0,030
0,035
0,040
0,045
0,050
0,055
0,060
Ab
so
rba
nc
e
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Wav enumbers (cm-1)
Polyethylene
32.34%
Polypropylene
26.46%
Polystyrene was the most abundant types of plastic polymer identified, followed by
polyethylene and polypropylene
![Page 13: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Where is all the plastic?
![Page 14: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Where does it come from?
Polystyrene
• Polystyrene (Styrofoam) is one of the most widely used plastics
• Uses include protective packaging (such as packing peanuts and CD and DVD cases), containers (such as "clamshells"), lids, bottles, trays, tumblers, and disposable cutlery.
![Page 15: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Where does it come from?
Polyethylene
• Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(methylene)) is the most common plastic.
• Primary use is in packaging (plastic bags, plastic films, geomembranes, containers including bottles, etc.).
![Page 16: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Where does it come from?
Polypropylene
• Polypropylene used in a wide variety of applications including packaging and labeling, textiles (e.g., ropes, thermal underwear and carpets), stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, transvaginal mesh and polymer banknotes.
![Page 17: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Plastic debris as vector for pollutants
17
Plastic
Additives
Persistent organic pollutants
Heavy metals pollutants
Brennecke et al. (2016) Rochman et al. (2013) Van et al. (2012) Hirai et al. (2011)
![Page 18: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Indonesian Through Flow
18
Trans boundary
debris from Pacific Ocean ?
Lack of research
Need more research
(micro)plastic debris in ITF
![Page 19: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Acknowledgement
• Funding for this study was provided by the COREMAP Monitoring Program 2016 in Lombok
19
![Page 20: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
The painful truth ??
![Page 21: Microplastics in the Sekotong coral reefs ecosystem ......Tri Aryono Hadi, Bayu Prayudha Research Center for Oceanography (RCO) Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) * Corresponding](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062609/61031eff6ce1c102da3b2db9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lets reduce plastic consumption for our future (our sons and daugters) Mari kita kurangi konsumsi plastik demi masa depan (anak cucu) kita