middle ages crusadeschristians vs. muslims for control of holy lands
TRANSCRIPT
CrusadesIn 1095, Muslim Turks invaded
lands held by Christians of the Byzantine Empire: Jerusalem & all of Asia Minor
Pope Urban II asked all Christians to join a Crusade (military expedition) & fight the Muslims to take back these holy lands
Motivations for the CrusadesPope’s Goals—wanted to unite
Roman Catholic (western Europe) & Eastern Orthodox (Byzantine Empire); show the supremacy of the Pope; & regain holy lands from Muslims
Crusaders’ Goals—pope offered forgiveness for sins & access to Heaven; gain riches; support Church
Merchants’ Goals—gain control of trade routes & dominate trade
Motivations for CrusadesCrusades became a religious,
economic, & political conflict–Religious—defeat Muslims &
retake holy lands, spread Christianity
–Economic—gain trade routes–Political—unite Roman Catholic
& Eastern Orthodox Christianity, prove Pope’s power
Fighting the CrusadesBetween 50,000-60,000 knights
became Crusaders to defeat Muslims; came from present-day France, Italy, Germany, England, Scotland, Spain
First Crusade—was only successful Crusade; claimed 400 miles of land from Edessa to Jerusalem in 1099; created 4 feudal states (Edessa, Acre, Triploi, Jerusalem), each ruled by a French noble
Fighting the CrusadesAfter the First Crusade, Muslims
took back Jerusalem & Edessa, which led to more Crusades that the Muslims won
Fourth Crusade—crusaders never fought Muslims but fought Byzantines; looted & burned Constantinople; these actions forever divided Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox Christianity
Effects of the CrusadesBefore the Crusades:
–Everyone lived on a manor–Everything that was needed
was made on the manor–Nothing was purchased from
the outside except resources like salt & iron through fairs
So, now that the Crusaders have seen new places, how is this going to change Europe?
Effects of the CrusadesCultural Diffusion—new products &
ideas spread to Europe:–Foods—sugar, spices, herbs–Luxury Goods—ivory, pearls, silk, linen,
cotton, glass mirrors–Navigation—shipbuilding ideas,
accurate maps, astrolabe, compass–Math—Arabic numbers, algebra–Science—ideas in physics, astronomy;
telescope