Middle Part of Middle Part of WWIWWI

Battles, Home front, US Battles, Home front, US entry, and Total Warentry, and Total War

Battle of Gallipoli-1915Battle of Gallipoli-1915 The Dardenelles Strait leading from the The Dardenelles Strait leading from the

Mediterranean to Istanbul caught the Mediterranean to Istanbul caught the Allies eye. Allies eye.

A successful attack in this area could A successful attack in this area could open a sea lane to the Russians through open a sea lane to the Russians through the Black Sea, provide a base for the Black Sea, provide a base for attacking the Central Powers through attacking the Central Powers through what Churchill described as the "soft what Churchill described as the "soft underbelly of Europe", and divert enemy underbelly of Europe", and divert enemy attention from the Western Front. attention from the Western Front.

Also known as “War in the Balkans”Also known as “War in the Balkans”

Look at WorksheetLook at Worksheet

Gallipoli Con’tGallipoli Con’t Casualties were high - Casualties were high -

approximately 252,000 or 52% for approximately 252,000 or 52% for the British/French the British/French

The Ottoman Turks suffered about The Ottoman Turks suffered about 300,000 casualties or a rate of 300,000 casualties or a rate of 60%. 60%.

The failed campaign gained little The failed campaign gained little and badly tarnished both and badly tarnished both Churchill's and Kitchener's Churchill's and Kitchener's reputations. reputations.

Lawrence of ArabiaLawrence of Arabia By 1917: All the world was involved in By 1917: All the world was involved in

some form with WWIsome form with WWI In the Middle East: British officer In the Middle East: British officer

named “Lawrence of Arabia” urged named “Lawrence of Arabia” urged Arabian Princes to overrule/revolt Arabian Princes to overrule/revolt against the Ottoman Empireagainst the Ottoman Empire

1918” British crush the Ottoman 1918” British crush the Ottoman Empire rule in the Middle East.Empire rule in the Middle East.

Allowed British to gain more lands, Allowed British to gain more lands, mobilize troops, etc. mobilize troops, etc.

Somme…Somme… Battle of the SommeBattle of the Somme: : Jun-Nov 1916: FranceJun-Nov 1916: France The terrible cost: 600,000 casualties The terrible cost: 600,000 casualties

total.total. Purpose/Goal: Purpose/Goal:

1.1. To weaken German forces and reserves,To weaken German forces and reserves,

2.2. Territorial gain.Territorial gain.

-Divert German troops away from Verdun-Divert German troops away from Verdun

-Bloodiest Battle of WWI: First Day 58,000 -Bloodiest Battle of WWI: First Day 58,000 British troops alone were causalitiesBritish troops alone were causalities

Battle was Indecisive: No one WonBattle was Indecisive: No one Won

Battle of VerdunBattle of Verdun France’s weak pointFrance’s weak point City and area resembled faithCity and area resembled faith Feb-Dec 1916Feb-Dec 1916 Longest battle of WWI (lasted over a Longest battle of WWI (lasted over a

year)year) Germans’ plan was to “Bleed France Germans’ plan was to “Bleed France

White”White” German saw Verdun as the key to German saw Verdun as the key to

bringing down both France and Britainbringing down both France and Britain

Ultimate Effect….Ultimate Effect…. French casualties during the French casualties during the

battle were estimated at battle were estimated at 550,000 550,000

German losses set at 434,000, German losses set at 434,000, half of the total being fatalities.  half of the total being fatalities. 

The only real effect of the battle The only real effect of the battle was the irrevocable wounding of was the irrevocable wounding of both armies.  No tactical or both armies.  No tactical or strategic advantage had been strategic advantage had been gained by either side.gained by either side.

War spreads rapidlyWar spreads rapidly Stalemate created a race for new allies Stalemate created a race for new allies

in other areas of Europe.in other areas of Europe. Ottoman Empire Joins Triple AllianceOttoman Empire Joins Triple Alliance Italy switches sides due to conflict over Italy switches sides due to conflict over

territory owned by Austria-Hungaryterritory owned by Austria-Hungary Japan enters on the Allies side in hope Japan enters on the Allies side in hope

to gain territoryto gain territory Middle Eastern countries revolt against Middle Eastern countries revolt against

their princes and Kings therefore their princes and Kings therefore destroying the Ottoman Empire destroying the Ottoman Empire remainsremains

Expansion of warExpansion of war Vast area to cover use tactic- Vast area to cover use tactic- War of War of

Attrition-Attrition-keep attacking; wear down the keep attacking; wear down the other sideother side

Airplanes now used more-attack in the sky Airplanes now used more-attack in the sky and targets on the groundand targets on the ground

Germany used-Zeppelins (but not very good Germany used-Zeppelins (but not very good for war due to Hydrogen gas is explosive)for war due to Hydrogen gas is explosive)

War at Sea-sink anything and everything-War at Sea-sink anything and everything-Submarines Submarines

Germany used “Unrestricted Submarine Germany used “Unrestricted Submarine Warfare”Warfare”

Germany is slowly falling Germany is slowly falling apartapart Germany is torn due to fighting two Germany is torn due to fighting two

frontsfronts Germany looses their imperial colonies Germany looses their imperial colonies

due to lack of naval strength and due to lack of naval strength and preoccupied with fighting Francepreoccupied with fighting France

Germany decided to do Germany decided to do unrestricted unrestricted submarinesubmarine warfare warfare against Britain in against Britain in hope they suffocate and surrenderhope they suffocate and surrender

Germany also used this tactic against Germany also used this tactic against the US in regard to the secret supplies the US in regard to the secret supplies being shipped between the US and being shipped between the US and Britain. Britain.

Lusitania: Secret carry of Lusitania: Secret carry of WeaponsWeapons

The LusitaniaThe LusitaniaRead 510-512Read 510-512

Fuel is added to the US…Fuel is added to the US… Zimmerman Note is discoveredZimmerman Note is discovered Secret message intercepted by the Secret message intercepted by the

USUS Message was going to Mexico Message was going to Mexico

from Germanyfrom Germany Germany promised Mexico would Germany promised Mexico would

receive all the land the US stole receive all the land the US stole from them backfrom them back

Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to Woodrow Wilson asks Congress to declare war: April 1917declare war: April 1917

Smart Start:Smart Start: Describe the progress of WWI from Describe the progress of WWI from

1914-1917. (“Whose winning?”)1914-1917. (“Whose winning?”) How have feelings, attitudes, and How have feelings, attitudes, and

opinions about the war in opinions about the war in ALLALL countries changed since the countries changed since the outbreak in 1914?outbreak in 1914?

If you were a civilian of one of the If you were a civilian of one of the European countries, how would you European countries, how would you be reacting to the war? What would be reacting to the war? What would make you gain feelings of wanting to make you gain feelings of wanting to continue the war?continue the war?

Home front and Total Home front and Total WarWar Home frontHome front= Anyone = Anyone not directly not directly

fighting in the war (civilians), but help fighting in the war (civilians), but help with the causewith the cause

Total War= Total War= All resources, goods, All resources, goods, materials, and production are going and materials, and production are going and made directly for war purposesmade directly for war purposes

PropagandaPropaganda was used often to keep was used often to keep the public in supporting the war effortthe public in supporting the war effort

War continued lot longer then anyone War continued lot longer then anyone ever expectedever expected

Governments had to react fast!!!!Governments had to react fast!!!!

Governments take Governments take controlcontrol Set prices, wages, production, rationing Set prices, wages, production, rationing

of food and materialsof food and materials Take over of transportation, industriesTake over of transportation, industries Civilians seen as part of the National Civilians seen as part of the National

Army (Army (Conscription or DRAFT)Conscription or DRAFT) Nationalism decreases, propaganda Nationalism decreases, propaganda

increasesincreases Britain, Germany, France had to keep Britain, Germany, France had to keep

the public tame. Wanted men back the public tame. Wanted men back home!!!!!home!!!!!

No one could protest, rebel, etc. No one could protest, rebel, etc. Freedom of Press and speech were Freedom of Press and speech were limited (WHY?)limited (WHY?)

Censorship (trying to keep secrets)Censorship (trying to keep secrets)

Culture effectsCulture effects Propaganda-ONE SIDE Propaganda-ONE SIDE

INFORMATION: usually to persuade INFORMATION: usually to persuade peoplepeople

Devouring of food, materials (coal), Devouring of food, materials (coal), clothing (boots, etc), medicine, soap, clothing (boots, etc), medicine, soap, tents, spades, wire, vehicles, animals tents, spades, wire, vehicles, animals (horses)(horses)

Tragic/enormous amount of human loss Tragic/enormous amount of human loss (death tolls high)(death tolls high)

New deadlier weapons, ammunition, New deadlier weapons, ammunition, tactics to war (Gas----will lead to the tactics to war (Gas----will lead to the nuclear bomb)nuclear bomb)

Culture Con’tCulture Con’t Women had to go to work outside Women had to go to work outside

the home-though jobs after the war the home-though jobs after the war is done hard to findis done hard to find

Spending of money to go to the war- Spending of money to go to the war- How do you repay this after it is all How do you repay this after it is all said and donesaid and done

Rationing- Food shortages-need food Rationing- Food shortages-need food for troops-people at home need to for troops-people at home need to cut backcut back

Flu Epidemic-1919 (brought about Flu Epidemic-1919 (brought about due to wartime conditions-even hit due to wartime conditions-even hit US)US)

Women Are involvedWomen Are involved Take the men place in the work forceTake the men place in the work force Chimney Sweepers, Truck Drivers, Chimney Sweepers, Truck Drivers,

farm labor, factory workersfarm labor, factory workers 38% of German workers were women38% of German workers were women Only TemporaryOnly Temporary 1919: 650,000 women unemployed 1919: 650,000 women unemployed 1920: Women did receive the right to 1920: Women did receive the right to

vote in the USvote in the US

Examples of PropagandaExamples of Propaganda

Anti-German Feelings Anti-German Feelings riserise

Video: PropagandaVideo: Propaganda

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEzx9fWmfv4

Work CitedWork Cited http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/beaumont/

somme.htm Eyewitnesstohistory.comEyewitnesstohistory.com Firstworldwar.comFirstworldwar.com World History Textbook: World History Textbook:

Glencoe:SpielvogelGlencoe:Spielvogel Worldwarone.comWorldwarone.com Google images. ComGoogle images. Com World War I: H.P. WillmottWorld War I: H.P. Willmott