world war i: battles & technology eq: how was wwi fought?
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War I: Battles & Technology
EQ: How was WWI fought?
![Page 2: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
(Triple Alliance)Central Powers (Triple Entente)Allied Powers
World War IWorld War I
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
Russia
France
Great Britain
Italy
Japan
United States (1917)
COMBATANTS OF WWI
![Page 3: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why was WWI a Stalemate?
• What’s a stalemate?–Neither side can make a move to win
• Both sides of the war threw arms and troops in to win but…………
• Millions die without gaining ground.WHY?
![Page 4: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Precursor to Battle of Verdun
• After two years of warfare, Germans realize they can’t break through the Allied lines in France.
• German General Falkenhayn proposes a war of attrition against the French Army.
• A war of attrition is about killing more people than you lose. Example: Can’t take the hill? Then kill as many as you can and one day you will.– Attack a position the French can’t afford to lose– Kill as many French troops as possible
![Page 5: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Battle of Verdun• February 21, 1916 –
December 18, 1916• One of the most costly
battles of WWI.• Germans attempt to
conquer key French city of Verdun.
• Would have opened Paris up to invasion.
![Page 6: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
New Tactics
• Germans attack with flame throwers for the first time.– Flame throwers used to
clear French out of trenches
• German troops begin attack with grenades instead of rifles
• Manage to move forward three miles in a day.
• New types of poison gas introduced by Germans.
![Page 7: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Results
• French Casualties– 550000 dead
• German Casualties– 434000 dead
• British begin battle of the Somme to relieve French army at Verdun.
• Neither French or German army gains an advantage.
![Page 8: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Significance
• French hold Verdun thanks to forts– Convinced that a system of fixed heavy forts is the best
defense (will not work for the French in WWII… ask me why)
• WWI becomes a war of attrition. Armies fight lengthy battles, with very high casualties.
![Page 9: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare – type of fighting during World War I in which both sides dug trenches protected by mines and barbed wire
• Trenches were dug from English Channel to Switzerland
• 6,250 miles• 6 to 8 feet deep• Immobilized both sides for 4 years
![Page 10: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE TRENCH SYSTEMLayout:
• 1st: No Man’s Land• 2nd: Barbed wire,
mines, etc.• 3rd: Front line• 4th: Communication
trench• 5th: Support
trenches
![Page 11: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
LIFE IN THE TRENCHES
• Elaborate systems of defense– barbed wire– Concrete machine
gun nests– Mortar batteries– Troops lived in holes
underground
• Boredom– Soldiers read to
pass the time– Sarah Bernhardt
came out to the front to read poetry to the soldiers
![Page 14: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Death is Everywhere”
• “We all had on us the stench of dead bodies.” Death numbed the soldier’s minds.
• Shell shock (mental anguish)• Psychological devastation
• “Never such innocence again”• Bitterness towards aristocratic
officers whose lives were never in danger
![Page 15: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WWI WEAPONRYThe countries fighting grew more and
more desperate to break the stalemate. The war of attrition led to more terrifying ways to kill humans
![Page 16: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What new weapons were used in WWI?
• Machine gun• Poison gas (Mustard gas)
• Carried by the wind• Burned out soldier’s lungs• Deadly in the trenches
where it would sit at the bottom
• Submarine• Airplane• Tank• Hand grenades• Flame Throwers• Why these weapons? Why now?
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!!!
![Page 17: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
New Technologies of WWI
• Tanks• Initially used for
breaking through barbed wire between trenches.
• Armed with small guns, and machine guns
![Page 18: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Artillery
• Germans produce massive guns for shelling French lines.
• Some fire shells as large as 1000 pounds,
• The “Paris Gun” is able to fire shells over 75 miles.
![Page 19: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Poisonous Gas
• Poisonous gasses like mustard gas used by both sides.
• Fired by artillery into opposing lines.
• Hundreds of thousands die due to exposure.
![Page 20: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
German submarines, called U-boats, torpedoed enemy ships and neutral ships trading with the enemy.
![Page 21: World War I: Battles & Technology EQ: How was WWI fought?](https://reader037.vdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102818/56649cea5503460f949b5a7c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Air Combat
• Airplanes initially used only for observation.
• Enemy airplanes armed with machine guns to shoot down observation planes.
• Eventually planes used to drop bombs on enemy positions.