midyear overview of year 2001 utam results t. crosby, y. liu, g. schuster, d. sheley, j. sheng, h....
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2001 Sponsors2001 Sponsors• AramcoAramco• Amerada HessAmerada Hess• BP-AMOCOBP-AMOCO• ChevronChevron• ConocoConoco• Japan Nat. Oil Japan Nat. Oil
Co.Co.
• Inst. Mex. Pet.Inst. Mex. Pet.• INCOINCO• MarathonMarathon• PhillipsPhillips• SisimageSisimage• TexacoTexaco• VeritasVeritas
Salient 2001 Research Salient 2001 Research AchievementsAchievements
1. Wave-Beam Migration1. Wave-Beam Migration
ExpenseExpense
Acc
ura
cyA
ccu
rac y
Full-WaveFull-Wave
Ray-BeamRay-BeamKirchhoffKirchhoff
Phase-ShiftPhase-Shift
Migration Accuracy vs $$$Migration Accuracy vs $$$
Wave-Wave-BeamBeam
No Approx.No Approx.MultiplesMultiplesAnti-aliasingAnti-aliasing
SS RR
ImageImagePointPoint
Fresnel ZoneFresnel Zone
Smear Reflection along WavepathSmear Reflection along Wavepath
Slant StackSlant Stack
Smear Reflection along WavepathSmear Reflection along Wavepath
Standard FDStandard FDWavefront FDWavefront FD
0 4.5 km0 4.5 km
00
1.5 km1.5 km
Cost Ratio of Standard /WavefrontCost Ratio of Standard /Wavefront
# Gridpts along side# Gridpts along side500 3000500 3000
4545
55Cos
t R
atio
Cos
t R
atio
Prestack Migration ImagePrestack Migration Image
ModelModel
00
1.5 km1.5 km
0 4.5 km0 4.5 km
00
1.5 km1.5 km
1.5 km/s1.5 km/s2.2 km/s2.2 km/s
1.8 km/s1.8 km/s
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
00
33Distance (kft)Distance (kft)00 55
Eikonal Traveltime FieldEikonal Traveltime Field
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
00
33Distance (kft)Distance (kft)00 55
Wave-Equation Traveltime FieldWave-Equation Traveltime Field
Dep
th (
km
)D
epth
(k
m)
00
33Distance (km)Distance (km)00 55
KirchhoffKirchhoff Wave Equation TraveltimesWave Equation Traveltimes
ModelModelD
epth
(k
ft)
Dep
th (
kft
)
55
1111
Distance (km)Distance (km)00 55 Distance (km)Distance (km)00 55
Wavefront Reverse Time MigrationWavefront Reverse Time Migration
Open QuestionsOpen Questions1. More Storage1. More Storage2. Resorting Overhead 2. Resorting Overhead 3. Large scale tests?3. Large scale tests?
1. Order Mag. Cheaper than 3-D RT1. Order Mag. Cheaper than 3-D RT2. Fewer Artifacts2. Fewer Artifacts3. Optimal Accuracy3. Optimal Accuracy
Salient 2001 Research Salient 2001 Research AchievementsAchievements
1. Wave-Beam Migration1. Wave-Beam Migration
2. Multiple Removal POIC2. Multiple Removal POIC
Multiple Removal by Multiple Removal by Primary-Only Imaging ConditionPrimary-Only Imaging Condition
Hongchuan SunHongchuan Sun
Forward ModelingForward Modeling
DistanceDistance
Dep
thD
epth
SS RRPrimary Multiple
SS RR
DistanceDistance
Dep
thD
epth
SS RR
RRSS
Migration with POICMigration with POIC
DistanceDistance
Dep
thD
epth
SS RR
SS RR
P
The raysThe rays intersectintersectat point P, at point P, and the and the traveltime traveltime
SP SP ++RP RP ==obs obs
Multiple RemovalMultiple Removal
The raysThe rays never never intersect;intersect; or the or the traveltime traveltime
SP SP ++RP RP == obs obs
DistanceDistance
Dep
thD
epth
SS RR
RRSS
P
Distance (kft)Distance (kft)
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
00
1111
00 5151
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
00
1111
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
00
1111
Model
KM Image
POIC Image
SEG/EAGE 2-D Salt DataSEG/EAGE 2-D Salt Data
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
55
1111
Distance (kft)Distance (kft)1515 5151
KM Image POIC Image
ModelD
epth
(k
ft)
Dep
th (
kft
)
55
1111
Distance (kft)Distance (kft)1515 5151 Distance (kft)Distance (kft)1515 5151
Offsets Used: 0 ~ 14000 ft
Distance (kft)Distance (kft)
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
00
1111
00 1717 Distance (kft)Distance (kft)00 1717 Distance (kft)Distance (kft)00 1717
KM Image Model POIC Image
Offsets Used: 0 ~ 14000 ft
Distance (kft)Distance (kft)
Dep
th (
kft
)D
epth
(k
ft)
00
1111
00 1717 Distance (kft)Distance (kft)00 1717 Distance (kft)Distance (kft)00 1717
KM Image Model POIC Image
Offsets Used: 1600 ~ 14000 ft
ConclusionsConclusions
• POIC effectively remove surfacePOIC effectively remove surface related multiplesrelated multiples• POIC performs much better whenPOIC performs much better when near-offset data are not usednear-offset data are not used• POIC should be applicable toPOIC should be applicable to interbed multiple removalinterbed multiple removal
Salient 2001 Research Salient 2001 Research AchievementsAchievements
1. Wave-Beam Migration1. Wave-Beam Migration
2. Multiple Removal POIC2. Multiple Removal POIC
3. Sparse Fequency Migration3. Sparse Fequency Migration
Fourier Finite Difference Fourier Finite Difference Migration with Sparse Migration with Sparse
FrequenciesFrequencies
Jianhua YuJianhua Yu
Department of Geology & GeophysicsDepartment of Geology & Geophysics
University of UtahUniversity of Utah
ObjectiveObjective
Improve computational efficiency Improve computational efficiency
of wave-equation extrapolation of wave-equation extrapolation
Hi-quality Image Hi-quality Image
Frequency Domain Migration Frequency Domain Migration
70 Fourier Finite Difference Method70 Fourier Finite Difference Method
1/4 Sparser Frequency Domain Sampling1/4 Sparser Frequency Domain Sampling
oo
Comparison of 3D Impulse Response Comparison of 3D Impulse Response
X (km)X (km)00 44
Dep
th (
km
)D
epth
(k
m)
00
2.42.4
FD algorithmFD algorithm
Main energy Main energy wider angle FFDwider angle FFD
Dep
th (
km
)D
epth
(k
m)
00
2.42.4
2D Impulse Response 2D Impulse Response
X (km)X (km)00 44
Dep
th (
km
)D
epth
(k
m)
00
2.42.4
Standard wider angle Standard wider angle FFDFFD
X (km)X (km)00 44
Main energy wider angle Main energy wider angle FFDFFD
(Velocity contrast, i.e., V/Vmin = 3.0)(Velocity contrast, i.e., V/Vmin = 3.0)
Comparison of FFD and Main Energy FFD Comparison of FFD and Main Energy FFD Migration Migration X (km)X (km)
00 44D
epth
(k
m)
Dep
th (
km
)
00
2.42.4
FFD algorithmFFD algorithm
Main energy Main energy FFD FFD (computational (computational time saving time saving about 38 %)about 38 %)
Dep
th (
km
)D
epth
(k
m)
00
2.42.4
3D SEG/EAGE Zero Offset Imaging Result 3D SEG/EAGE Zero Offset Imaging Result
X (km)X (km)00 44
Dep
th (
km
)D
epth
(k
m) 00
2.02.0
Dep
th (
km
)D
epth
(k
m) 00
2.02.0
Y (km)Y (km)00 88
440000
88
X (km)X (km)
Y (k
m)
Y (k
m)
Strengths:Strengths:
Efficient forward extrapolationEfficient forward extrapolation
Wider angle FFD operatorWider angle FFD operator
Less numerical anisotropy in 3D by Less numerical anisotropy in 3D by applying high order implicit FD algorithmapplying high order implicit FD algorithm
Weaknesses:Weaknesses:Coding ComplexityCoding Complexity
Fewer Frequencies Reduced QualityFewer Frequencies Reduced Quality
Salient 2001 Research Salient 2001 Research AchievementsAchievements
1. Wave-Beam Migration1. Wave-Beam Migration
2. Multiple Removal POIC2. Multiple Removal POIC
3. Sparse Fequency Migration3. Sparse Fequency Migration
4. AVO Migration Decon4. AVO Migration Decon
Prestack Migration Decon Prestack Migration Decon for AVO Analysisfor AVO Analysis
Jianhua YuJianhua Yu
Department of Geology & GeophysicsDepartment of Geology & Geophysics
University of UtahUniversity of Utah
Solution: Deconvolve the point Solution: Deconvolve the point scatterer response from the migrated scatterer response from the migrated imageimage
TTrr = ( = ( L LL L ) m ) m
-1-1
Reflectivity MigratedReflectivity Migrated SectionSection
ReasonReason:: m = m = L L ddTT
MigratedMigratedSectionSection
DataData
butbut dd = L = L rrLL rr
Migration SectionMigration Section = = Blured Blured Image ofImage of r r
Objective of PMD AVOObjective of PMD AVO
Suppress unwanted interference Suppress unwanted interference
Increase estimation accuracy of AVO Increase estimation accuracy of AVO
parametersparameters
Enhance resolution of AVO sections Enhance resolution of AVO sections
Zoom View of AVO parameter Section Zoom View of AVO parameter Section Before and After PMD Before and After PMD
X(km)X(km)1.01.0 2.02.0
Tim
e (s
)T
ime
(s)
0.50.5
2.02.0
Before PMDBefore PMD
Tim
e (s
)T
ime
(s)
After PMDAfter PMD
0.50.5
2.02.0
X(km)X(km)1.01.0 2.02.0
Migration CRG Before and After PMD Migration CRG Before and After PMD
TraceTrace TraceTrace
11 6060 11 6060
Tim
e (s
)T
ime
(s)
0.60.6
1.81.8
Tim
e (s
)T
ime
(s)
Before PMDBefore PMD After PMDAfter PMD
0.60.6
1.81.8
Comparison of Amplitude & Angle Comparison of Amplitude & Angle Estimation Before and After PMD Estimation Before and After PMD
2rd layer2rd layer
Am
plit
ud
eA
mp
litu
de
11
00
1st layer1st layer 3rd layer3rd layer
+: Before PMD *: After PMD
Solid line: Theoretical value
Angle Angle Angle0 60 0 60 0 60
Summary & FutureSummary & Future
• MD reduces artifactsMD reduces artifacts
• MD improves resolution & AVOMD improves resolution & AVO
• MD field data case by Feb.MD field data case by Feb.
Salient 2001 Research Salient 2001 Research AchievementsAchievements
1. Wave-Beam Migration1. Wave-Beam Migration
2. Multiple Removal POIC2. Multiple Removal POIC
3. Sparse Fequency Migration3. Sparse Fequency Migration
4. AVO Migration Decon4. AVO Migration Decon
5. Joint Autocorrelation Imaging5. Joint Autocorrelation Imaging
Joint Imaging Using Both Primary Joint Imaging Using Both Primary
and Multiple for IVSP Dataand Multiple for IVSP Data
Jianhua YuJianhua Yu
Department of Geology & GeophysicsDepartment of Geology & Geophysics
University of UtahUniversity of Utah
Problems for Deviated and Problems for Deviated and Horizontal wellHorizontal well
No Source Wavelet & Initiation TimeNo Source Wavelet & Initiation Time
Not Easy to Get Pilot Signal in Not Easy to Get Pilot Signal in
Hard to Separate Primary and GhostHard to Separate Primary and Ghost
Static Shift at Source and ReceiverStatic Shift at Source and Receiver
Auto. Imaging using Primary and Ghost
Geological ModelGeological Model
0
Dep
th (
m)
3
40X (m)
V1
V2
V4
V3
V5
V6
Shot Gather and AutocorrelogramShot Gather and Autocorrelogram
1 2000
4
Tim
e (s
)
1 2000
4
Tim
e (s
)
TracesTraces
1.6 2.10
2.2
Tim
e (s
)
X (km)
Standard Migration
1.6 2.1X (km)
Joint Migration
Eliminate Interferences using Joint Eliminate Interferences using Joint Imaging in Time DomainImaging in Time Domain
Eliminate Interferences using Joint Eliminate Interferences using Joint Imaging in Depth DomainImaging in Depth Domain
Dep
th (
km
)
2.82.8
001.61.6 2.12.1
X (km)X (km)
Conventional Imaging
X (km)X (km)
1.61.6 2.12.1
Joint Imaging
Kirchhoff and Auto. Migration with Kirchhoff and Auto. Migration with Statics Error at Source and Receiver Statics Error at Source and Receiver
Dep
th (
km
)
2.82.8
001.61.6 2.02.0
X (km)X (km)
Kirchhoff joint migrationg
1.61.6 2.02.0
X (km)X (km)
Auto. joint migrationg
SUMMARYSUMMARY
Works for deviated and horizontal wellWorks for deviated and horizontal well
Eliminating static shift errorsEliminating static shift errors
Avoiding separating primary and ghost Avoiding separating primary and ghost waves for horizontal well datawaves for horizontal well data
Joint Migration method:
Don’t require pilot signal & wavelet Don’t require pilot signal & wavelet initial timeinitial time
Salient 2001 Research Salient 2001 Research AchievementsAchievements
1. Wave-Beam Migration1. Wave-Beam Migration
2. Multiple Removal POIC2. Multiple Removal POIC
3. Sparse Fequency Migration3. Sparse Fequency Migration
4. AVO Migration Decon4. AVO Migration Decon
5. Joint Autocorrelation Imaging5. Joint Autocorrelation Imaging
6. Xwell Statics & Tomography6. Xwell Statics & Tomography
INCO Project ReportINCO Project Report
M. ZhouM. Zhou
Geology and Geophysics Department Geology and Geophysics Department University of UtahUniversity of Utah
ObjectiveObjective
Invert velocity & geometry jointlyInvert velocity & geometry jointly
Normalized Traveltime Residuals vs. Normalized Traveltime Residuals vs. Velocity & Geometry ChangesVelocity & Geometry Changes
500 m500 m
V=5.0km/secV=5.0km/sec
Vel
ocity
(km
/sec
)V
eloc
ity (
km/s
ec)
Horizontal shift (m)Horizontal shift (m) Vertical Shift (m)Vertical Shift (m) Rotation (degree)Rotation (degree)
2.52.5
7.57.5
5.05.0
0.00.0
1.01.0
0.50.5
0.00.0 250250-250-2500.00.0 250250-250-250 0.00.0 3030-30-30
ProblemsProblems
1) Geometry is coupled with 1) Geometry is coupled with velocityvelocity
2) Joint inversion is ill-posed 2) Joint inversion is ill-posed
a) Synthetic Modela) Synthetic Model b) Standard Inversion with 10 m shot shiftb) Standard Inversion with 10 m shot shift
c) Joint Inversion for the shot shiftc) Joint Inversion for the shot shift( all shots have the same shift )( all shots have the same shift )
d) Joint Inversion + a priori information d) Joint Inversion + a priori information for individual shot locationsfor individual shot locations
De
pth
(m
)D
ep
th (
m)
200200
00
100100
00 8080
00 8080-10-10
De
pth
(m
)D
ep
th (
m)
200200
00
100100
00 8080-10-10Offset (m)Offset (m) Offset (m)Offset (m)
8080-10-10 1010
Km/sKm/s
2.52.5
5.05.0
4.54.5
3.03.0
Km/sKm/s
2.52.5
5.05.0
4.54.5
3.03.0
Geometry Error: synthetic example IGeometry Error: synthetic example I
a) Synthetic Modela) Synthetic Model
c) Standard Inversion with +10 m shot shiftsc) Standard Inversion with +10 m shot shifts
De
pth
(m
)D
ep
th (
m)
300300
00
100100
00 8080-10-10
De
pth
(m
)D
ep
th (
m)
200200
00
100100
00 8080-10-10Offset (m)Offset (m) Offset (m)Offset (m)
8080-10-10 1010
Geometry Error: synthetic example IIGeometry Error: synthetic example II
200200
00 100100-10-10
300300
Km/sKm/s
2.02.0
3.23.2
2.82.8
2.42.4
Km/sKm/s
2.02.0
3.23.2
2.82.8
2.42.4
b) Standard Inversion without shot shiftb) Standard Inversion without shot shift
d) Joint Inversion for the shot shiftd) Joint Inversion for the shot shift
a) Synthetic Modela) Synthetic Model
c) Joint Inversion + a priori information c) Joint Inversion + a priori information for the shot shiftfor the shot shift
d) Joint Inversion + a priori information d) Joint Inversion + a priori information for individual shot locationsfor individual shot locations
De
pth
(m
)D
ep
th (
m)
300300
00
100100
00 8080-10-10
De
pth
(m
)D
ep
th (
m)
200200
00
100100
00 8080-10-10Offset (m)Offset (m) Offset (m)Offset (m)
8080-10-10 1010
Geometry Error: synthetic example IIGeometry Error: synthetic example II
200200
00 100100-10-10
300300
Km/sKm/s
2.02.0
3.23.2
2.82.8
2.42.4
Km/sKm/s
2.02.0
3.23.2
2.82.8
2.42.4
b) Standard Inversion without shot shiftb) Standard Inversion without shot shift
ConclusionsConclusions
• works for simple modelworks for simple model
• needs additional informationneeds additional information
Joint inversionJoint inversion