by D A V I D G O L D M A N

ndia is a beautiful country with a massive

population of over 1.252 billion people. There are

over 50 million people in India that depend on

income generated by sugar-related industries and an

estimated 35 million farmers who grow it.

Have you ever thought about where those little packets

of sugar that you put in your coffee come from? Sugar

for our consumption is derived from two sources: Beets

and cane. These are two very different ways to produce

a similar product.

This is the story of migrant sugarcane workers in India.

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igrant sugarcane workers often

travel for multiple days on oxcarts to

arrive at farms and factories. They

travel in what are called “gangs.” These gangs are

made up of approximately 10 to 20 people and will

include grandparents, parents and children. Often

pregnant women will give birth to babies during

the harvesting season, which runs from December

through March. Some of these new mothers return

to work within days of giving birth.

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here appears to be a discrepancy regarding

the value of organic fertilizer. Some farmers

who are supported by large sugarcane

factories believe in organic fertilizer and actually

buy it from the factory. However, independent and

often uneducated farm owners are not convinced.

Sugarcane prices are set by the government and

are valued in Kilos. The more a farmer can grow in

a smaller area of land the more money he can make.

Thanks to new GMO techniques, some farmers

have significantly increased their yield thus directly

leading to higher revenue and a better quality of life.

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ide-eyed and hopeful, the next

generation of migrant worker is

literally raised working in the field.

The skills are passed down from father to son and

mother to daughter. Often you can find a baby or

toddler just sitting in the middle of the field on a stack

of cane not far from a parent but definitely not in the

safest of environments.

Every parent I spoke to wanted their children to have

an education but due to financial constraints often

had to make the decision to send only one to school

while the other would follow into the fields to harvest

cane. Parents wanted to know that they would be

taken care of when they were too old to work in the

fields. To make sure this happens they bring the next

generation up to be migrant sugarcane workers.

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t used to be that sugar was the main product

created from cane. Electricity and ethanol were

the byproducts. Some of the larger factories

can produce enough electricity from steam created

by boiling the left over husks of the cane to not only

power the factory each day but also to sell back a

significant amount of electricity to the grid.

With an increased middle class in India, there

is a greater demand for low cost transportation.

Manufacturers like Tata build low priced entry-level

cars. The government will be mandating a higher

percentage of ethanol to fuel supplies and, as a result,

what was once a byproduct of sugarcane production

may one day become the main product.

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lobal consumption of sugar has grown to

approximately 173 million tones - about 24

kg per person, per year!

India is the world’s largest consumer of sugar and

the second largest producer of cane sugar next to

Brazil. It accounts for approximately 15% of global

sugar production with annual harvesting in excess

of 25 Million metric tons. Once the factories start

production, they roll on 24 hours a day, 7 days a

week until the last of the cane has been crushed.

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I was first made aware of the migrant sugarcane workers in India when I was doing some work for UN Women. I was fascinated to learn of their journeys to the fields from far off villages. The amount of time and energy they spend harvesting the cane and for what they get paid to do it was something I wanted to learn more about.

This project could not have been completed without the support, generosity and backing of the many people who contributed to the Indiegogo campaign. However, all the financial support means nothing if you don’t have someone you can trust who is looking out for your wellbeing. For me that person was my friend Sunitha Jagaanath her support and help made this project possible. Sunitha miraculously introduce me to Panduranga Biradar AKA “Pandu” the head of R&D at the Nandi Sugar Company who without knowing me or what my intentions were gave me unobstructed access to the factory and the migrant workers. Without his help there would be no story to tell. When I came home with thousands of images and hours of film footage I relied on the exceptional eye of Julie Grahame who’s editing expertise I trust implicitly. Finally to Sean Mosher-Smith who designed the book you are looking at right now. Sean has always been open to the work I do and wanting to help me tell the stories that I feel need to be told.

To these IndieGoGo contributors, I am honored and humbled by your support.

Sharon Ross, Aldo Cane, Jerry Dadoun, Marek Fludzinski, Cheryl Wetstein, Ali Hill, Mark Fischel, Mark Neidig, Anand Kulkarni, Mike Coulter, Michael Goldstein, Daniel Martin, Kevin Burns, Jeff Kenez, MaryJane MacCallum, Michi Yanagishita, Barry Oberman, Adam Hirsch, Carrie Klepzig, Rachel Greenbaum, Jenny Zipkin.

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