milk, feed, and mpp margin price forecasting john newton university of illinois [email protected]...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting
John NewtonUniversity of Illinois [email protected]
@New10_AgEcon
Chuck NicholsonPenn State University
![Page 2: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MPP Margin Historical Perspective
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
-
5
10
15
20
$/h
undre
dw
eig
ht
2014 Farm Bill Dairy Production Margin
Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service and Agricultural Marketing Service
June 2009$2.25/
hundredweight
Margin = U.S. All-Milk Price – NASS Corn Price x 1.0728 + AMS SBM x 0.00735 + NASS Alfalfa x 0.0137
May 2011Senate First
Hearing on Farm Bill
2010Secretary’s DIA Committee Recommends
Margin Insurance
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Contribution to the MPP Ration
49%
27%
24%CornSoybean MealAlfalfa Hay
![Page 4: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
MPP: A New Way to Think About a Government Safety Net
Key farmer decisions: 1) How much milk to protect (25% to 90%) 2) What margin level to protect ($4 to $8)
![Page 5: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8.00$
7.50$
7.00$
6.50$
6.00$
5.50$
5.00$
4.50$
4.00$
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
Cov
erag
e Le
vel
Coverage Percentage
Coverage Options*
Greater Protection at a greater cost
*113 Possible Coverage
Choice Combination
s
![Page 6: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Expectations of MILC Payments (Using Futures Prices)
START IN MARCH 2009 START IN OCTOBER 2010
START IN MARCH 2013START IN APRIL – JUNE 2012
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How Accurate Were Farmers?*
*Farms Marketing More than 3M #’s per month
![Page 8: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Information Needed for MPP Decisions
• Production history for a farm (one data point)– Can be calculated with the tool– Pretty straightforward
• Expected MPP margin during covered period– Not the margin for an individual farm (or its IOFC)– Harder to predict but tool provides a range– Requires a FORECAST of the MPP margin
![Page 9: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sources of Expected MPP Margin (Forecasts)
• Cooperatives• Risk management firms• Academic “price”
forecasters• Futures markets for milk
and feed prices• Dart Board?
![Page 10: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3 Characteristics of a Forecast
• It will be wrong (there will be some error)– So a range of values with likelihood is useful
• It will be less accurate farther into the future (longer time horizon)
• Multiple methods (forecasts) can be useful to give a range– Analyzing market fundamentals (supply and
demand)– And are usually more accurate
![Page 11: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How the Decision Tool Makes Margin Forecasts
It’s really very simple…
![Page 12: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tool Margin Ranges are Based on Futures Markets
• Economists think of futures markets as the “best available forecast”– Many players have skin in the game– Futures are generally considered to be unbiased
estimators of future price• Not consistently off in one direction or the other
![Page 13: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Using CME to Forecast NASS Corn
3/1/
2001
1/1/
2002
11/1
/200
2
9/1/
2003
7/1/
2004
5/1/
2005
3/1/
2006
1/1/
2007
11/1
/200
7
9/1/
2008
7/1/
2009
5/1/
2010
3/1/
2011
1/1/
2012
11/1
/201
2
9/1/
2013
-2
0
2
4
6
8
NASS Corn CME Corn SettlementBasis
Co
rn P
rice
($
/bu
)
![Page 14: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Using CME to Forecast AMS SBM
1/1/
2001
11/1
/200
1
9/1/
2002
7/1/
2003
5/1/
2004
3/1/
2005
1/1/
2006
11/1
/200
6
9/1/
2007
7/1/
2008
5/1/
2009
3/1/
2010
1/1/
2011
11/1
/201
1
9/1/
2012
7/1/
2013
5/1/
2014
(200) (100)
- 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
AMS SBM CME Settlement PriceBasis
Co
ybe
an
Me
al P
rice
($
/to
n)
![Page 15: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Using CME to Forecast AMS All-Milk
1/1/
2001
11/1
/200
1
9/1/
2002
7/1/
2003
5/1/
2004
3/1/
2005
1/1/
2006
11/1
/200
6
9/1/
2007
7/1/
2008
5/1/
2009
3/1/
2010
1/1/
2011
11/1
/201
1
9/1/
2012
7/1/
2013
5/1/
2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
NASS All-Milk Price CME CIII CME CIV
Milk
Pri
ce (
$/c
wt)
![Page 16: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Regression Price Inputs and Outputs
US All Milk Price• Class III Milk, Class IV Milk, Lagged Prices,
Seasonal DummyUS Corn Price• CME Corn, Lagged PricesUS Alfalfa Hay Price• NASS Corn, AMS Soybean Meal, US All Milk
Price, Lagged PricesAMS Soybean Meal• CME Soybean Meal Prices
![Page 17: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-300-250-200-150-100
-500
50100150
f(x) = 18.9232943315676 x − 29.1016779370549R² = 0.166961456411469
Deviates in 6th Nearby Corn Contract
De
via
tes
in 6
th N
ea
rby
So
ybe
an
M
ea
l Co
ntr
act
Are Corn & SBM Prices Correlated?
Corn Price Increases
SBM Price Increases
SBM Price Decreases
Corn Price Decreases
![Page 18: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Are Milk & Corn Prices Correlated?
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
-4-3-2-1012345
f(x) = 0.182849588391729 x − 0.00134817733572951R² = 0.215038831797353
Deviates in 12th Nearby Class III Milk ($/cwt)
De
via
tes
in 6
th N
ea
rby
Co
rn
Co
ntr
act
($
/bu
) Milk Price Increases
Feed Price Increases
Feed Price Decreases
Milk Price Decreases
![Page 19: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Are Milk & SBM Prices Correlated?
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
-300-250-200-150-100
-500
50100150
f(x) = 7.80038738496982 x − 25.9646725725259R² = 0.182466859011735
Deviates in 12th Nearby Class III Milk ($/cwt)
De
via
tes
in 6
th N
ea
rby
So
ybe
an
M
ea
l Co
ntr
act
($
/to
n)
Milk Price Increases
Feed Price Increases
Feed Price Decreases
Milk Price Decreases
![Page 20: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Example Probabilities CME Feed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Corn Price
f(x)
September 15 Corn Price PDF
CME futures and options prices provide a forecast of the expected price and uncertainty
![Page 21: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Example Probabilities CME Feed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Corn Price
f(x)
September 15 Corn Price PDF
100 200 300 400 500 600 7000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7x 10
-3
Soybean Meal Pricef(
x)
September 15 SBM Price PDF
Simulate from CME corn and soybean meal price distributions to get NASS and AMS
prices
![Page 22: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Example Probabilities CME Milk
5 10 15 20 25 30 350
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Class III Price
f(x)
September 15 Class III Price PDF
5 10 15 20 25 30 350
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Class IV Pricef(
x)
September 15 Class IV Price PDF
Simulate from CME class III/IV milk price distributions to get NASS all-milk price
![Page 23: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CME Probabilities Combined
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Corn Price
f(x)
September 15 Corn Price PDF
100 200 300 400 500 600 7000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7x 10
-3
Soybean Meal Price
f(x)
September 15 SBM Price PDF
Corn
SBM
5 10 15 20 25 30 350
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Class III Price
f(x)
September 15 Class III Price PDF
5 10 15 20 25 30 350
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Class IV Price
f(x)
September 15 Class IV Price PDF
Class III
Class IV
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September 2015 MPP-Margin
0 5 10 15 20 250
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
MPP-Margin Price
Fre
quen
cy
September 2015 MPP Margin Histogram
Generate a probability distribution of MPP-Dairy Margin (for all coverage months)
![Page 25: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MPP-Margin Forecast 9/8/14
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 188
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
$8.00
Month
$/C
wt
Estimated IOFC w/ 50% Interval
Mean IOFC
25% Boundary75% Boundary
2015 Forecast
![Page 26: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
MPP-Margin Forecast 9/8/14
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 186
8
10
12
14
16
18
$8.00
Month
$/C
wt
Estimated IOFC w/ 90% Interval
Mean IOFC
10% Boundary90% Boundary
2015 Forecast
![Page 27: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Tool Users Can Evaluate Historical Accuracy of Forecast
6 out of 7 years MPP Decision Tool Correctly Forecast Positive Net Returns to MPP
Participation
![Page 28: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Alternative Forecast Values Can Be Entered in the Tool
• Economists think of futures markets as the “best available forecast”– Many players have skin in the game– But it is not completely accurate as a forecast
• Alternative forecast values can be entered in an “Advanced” version of the tool– Soon to be linked to this tool version
![Page 29: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Alternatives to Futures Markets Margins in “Advanced” Tool
Automatically enters the relevant milk and feed prices for MPP margin formula when known
![Page 30: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Alternatives to Futures Markets Margins in “Advanced” Tool
Advanced users can enter their own forecast values for the MPP margin calculation components*
*Must be use to use the correct national values
![Page 31: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
A Complication: MPP Is Likely to Decrease Margins
• The MPP works in a way that will lower margins if the program is active– It will slow the adjustment of milk production
during low price/margin periods– Risk reduction enhances supply
• This could complicate the development and use of margin forecasts
![Page 32: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Simulated MPP Margin, 2015-2018
Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-180.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Current Programs With MPP
$/c
wt
Average MPP decreases $0.91/cwt, margin < $8 most of time
![Page 33: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A Complication: MPP Is Likely to Decrease Margins
• Margins are likely to be lower with MPP• How much lower depends on producer
participation– Limited coverage, limited impacts– Widespread coverage, larger impacts
![Page 34: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Impacts of MPP Participation Levels on the MPP Margin
Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-180.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Current Programs With MPPMPP With Less Participation
$/1
00
lbs
(4
5 k
g)
MPP participation decisions will affect the MPP Margin
![Page 35: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Implications of Ignoring MPP Impacts on Margins
• If markets do not account for MPP impacts, then margin forecasts will be “too high”…
• Could result in less coverage than is desired..• Or a decision not to participate…• With potentially sizeable impacts on farm
income…
![Page 36: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Two Implications
• Forecasted MPP margins should account for the participation decisions of farmers (if the program is likely to be active)
• Expected participation decisions of producers collectively could (should) influence the decisions of an individual producer
![Page 37: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Statistical Analysis of MPP Margin through 2018
![Page 38: Milk, Feed, and MPP Margin Price Forecasting John Newton University of Illinois jcnewt@illinois.edu @New10_AgEcon Chuck Nicholson Penn State University](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eb25503460f94bb876d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Questions or Comments?