millennium development goal 2: education for all presentation in the context of the minor...
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Millennium Development Goal 2: Education for All
Presentation in the context of the minor “International Development”, Hogeschool Rotterdam, 29 March 2009
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Millennium Development Goals
MDG 1: End poverty and hungerMDG2: Universal educationMDG3: Gender equalityMDG4: Child HealthMDG5: Maternal HealthMDG6: Combat HIV/AIDSMDG7: Environmental sustainabilityMDG8: Global partnership
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Education MDG
MDG 2: Every child should be able to complete a full cycle of primary education by 2015
MDG 3: Gender parity in primary and secondary education by 2015 (gender parity: number of girls divided by the number of boys)
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What have we achieved?
Since 2000, 40 million more children in school. Still, there are 75 million children out of school
MDG3 was missed: only one third of all countries have gender parity, though more girls are going to school than in 2000
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Netherlands and MDG2 +3
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 13% of development budget: € 690 million in 2009
Different ways of fundingBilateral: directly to country (55%)Multilateral: World Bank and UNNon Governmental Organisations: in Netherlands and abroad
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Case study: Zambia
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Education in Zambia
Zambia has made good progress in primary education
Enrolment grades 1-72000: 1.6 million pupils2008: 2.9 million pupils
On track for MDG2: universal primary education
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Challenging the average
Although Zambia does well on average, there are disparities
Regional: rural - urbanGender: boys - girlsPost-primary education: as from grade 9
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Quality: a concern
Children are at school, but there is insufficient learning.
National Assessment Test: only one third of the children in grade 5 meets minimum requirements for maths and English
Causes: shortage of teachers, classrooms and textbooks, shift system, poor inspection
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What does Zambia do?
In their national education plan focus on:
Recruitment of teachers in districts with a high pupil/teacher ratio (sometimes over 100:1!)
Distribution of textbooks Construction of classrooms Reviewing the curriculum
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Change is difficult
It is not easy to get results: Lack of capacity and motivation:
low salaries, limited career options and nepotism (“knowing people”)
Finance: Zambia is a poor country: unit cost per pupil is € 60 – in Holland over € 5000
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What does the Embassy do?Financial support to the Ministry of
Education: € 20 million in 2009
Lead donor: consultation with MoE and donors; field visits; research; managing funds for other agencies
Policy advice
No Dutch experts: there are qualified Zambians
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