MILLENNIUM SCIENCE INITIATIVE - CHILEMILLENNIUM SCIENCE INITIATIVE - CHILE

GLOBAL FORUM ON BUILDING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBAL FORUM ON BUILDING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND POVERTY INNOVATION CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND POVERTY

REDUCTIONREDUCTION

Claudio WernliClaudio WernliExecutive DirectorExecutive Director

Washington, February 13 – 15, 2007Washington, February 13 – 15, 2007

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

• FORMATION OF CENTERS TOWARDS EXCELLENCE AT INTERNATIONAL LEVELS

• SATISFACTORY WORKING ENVIRONMENT, UNDER SUFFICIENT RESOURCES, AUTONOMY, FLEXIBILITY

• REDUCTION AND REVERSION OF “BRAIN DRAINAGE”

• STRENGTHENING OF INSTITUTIONS (UNIVERSITIES) AND THE S&T SYSTEM

• CHILE PIONEER IN MSI MODEL.

• FOLLOWED BY BRAZIL, MEXICO AND VENEZUELA (ALL WITH WB SUPPORT)

• THE PROGRAM WAS INSERTED OUTSIDE THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF S,T&I

• SIGNIFICANT NATIONAL RESISTENCE

Definition of Centers of Definition of Centers of ExcellenceExcellence

• Groups of scientists within common area (Associated /Senior/Young/ Students/ Postdocs/ Support staff). From one or several Institutions (Universities)

• INSTITUTES: ~ 10 Associate Researchers (~50 total) 5+5 years - M USD: 1.2 / year

• NUCLEI : ~ 3 Associated Researchers (~ 25 total) 3+3 years - M USD: 0.27 / year. (Focused primarily to young scientists)

ACTIVITIES OF INSTITUTES AND ACTIVITIES OF INSTITUTES AND NUCLEINUCLEI

1. CUTTING EDGE S&T RESEARCH

2. FORMATION OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS

3. NETWORKING ACTIVITIES WITH INTERACTION AND COLLABORATION AT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SCALES

4. OUTREACH ACTIVITIES (PUBLIC, EDUCATIONAL, PRIVATE, INDUSTRY, SERVICES, OTHER)

ORIGINAL FEATURES OF THE MSI IN ORIGINAL FEATURES OF THE MSI IN RELATION TO OTHER S&T COMPETITIVE RELATION TO OTHER S&T COMPETITIVE

FUNDS IN CHILEFUNDS IN CHILE

• 8 DISTINGUISHED FOREIGN SCIENTISTS (PROGRAM COMMITTEE) FOR JUDGMENT OF PROPOSALS AND PROGRAM SCIENTIFIC OVERSIGHT

• FUNDS DIRECTLY TO SCIENTISTS/GROUPS (USE SIMPLE, FLEXIBLE & AUTONOMOUS)

• AN OUTREACH COMPONENT: COMPULSORY• NO AREAS/THEMATIC PRIORITIES• FEASIBILITY OF INDEPENDENT CENTERS

FORMATION• BIDDING PROCESSES: PRELIMINARY PROFILES,

FOLLOWED BY FULL PROPOSALS

(SEVERAL ON PROGRESSIVE ADOPTION IN CHILE)

Selection ProcessSelection Process

• Open call for proposals – Program Committee (PC) foreign: select pre-

proposals– Invitation to selected for full proposals– PC: second selection - Final list: Interviews in

Chile by PC (Institutes include site visits)– Ranking and recommendations: PC to Board of

Directors • Competitive renewals

– Parallel process:• evaluation reports • joint ranking among all projects (PC)

• Overall granting decision: Board of Directors, based on PC recommendations

ANNUAL MEAN BUDGET (MUSD / YEAR):2000- 2005: 6.5 (3 SI & 10 SN)2006 : 10.4 (3 SI & 14 SN)2007: 12.6 (5 SI & 15 SN)

BUDGET DISTRIBUTION:94% to Institutes and Nuclei

6% to Management (3,4% Executive Secretariat)

MONITORING AND EVALUATIONMONITORING AND EVALUATION

(PARTICULARLY RELEVANT AS PILOT MODEL)

FOREIGN EVALUATIONS

• PANELS OF INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS:– 2000 AND 2001

• WORLD BANK: EVALUATION REPORT AT END OF 3 YEARS PHASE (WB PROJECT) 2003

• 2005: EVALUATION OF 3 INSTITUTES, AND 5 NUCLEI

(REPORTS: HIGHLY POSITIVE COMMENTS - WEB)

NATIONAL EVALUATIONS (CONSULTERIES)

• PRODUCTIVITY OF MSI CENTERS: BASELINE OF PARAMETERS AND INDEXES, FOLLOWED IN TIME (PERMANENT)

• GOVERNMENT EVALUATION OF NATIONAL PROGRAMS (2006)

DISCIPLINES SELECTION DISCIPLINES SELECTION CRITERIACRITERIA

• No area prioritization• Essentially SCIENCE EXCELLENCE (Basic-

Technological-Mission Oriented- ALL) and potential of team work & synergy

• Secondary (under similar merits): gender ; regions

• Within best national science, Board can decide upon priority areas (has not happened)

• Overall criteria: a) Keep and take advantage of own "brains" (expensive gifts overseas); b) Get on board Global Science for the Knowledge Economy, or lose

SOME ACHIEVEMENTS OF SOME ACHIEVEMENTS OF INSTITUTES AND NUCLEIINSTITUTES AND NUCLEI

• FORMATION OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS

Participation in the formation of young researchers per Associated Researcher with annual correction: Evolution for Institutes, Nuclei

and total program

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

1991-1999 2000-2003 1991-1999 2000-2002 1991-1999 2000-2002/3

INSTITUTES NUCLEI TOTAL MSI

Yo

un

g s

cien

tifi

cs/a

sso

ciat

ed r

esea

rch

er

corr

ecte

d a

nn

ual

ly Post Doc

Undergraduate

Magister

Doctorants

WORLD BANK: “FAR THE MOST RELEVANT SOURCE OF ADVANCED SCIENTISTS FORMATION IN CHILE”

ANNUAL PUBLICATIONS PER ASSOCIATED RESEARCHER: EVOLUTION FOR INSTITUTES, NUCLEI AND TOTAL PROGRAM

2,9

2,1

3,2

2,4

3,1

2,6

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

1996- 1999 2000-2003 1996- 1999 2000-2003 1996- 1999 2000-2003

INSTITUTES NUCLEI TOTAL MSI

Num

ber

of IS

I pub

licat

ions

, Ave

rage

per

res

earc

her

Citations per publication: Evolution for Institutes, Nuclei and total program

3,2

4,3

2,1

32,8

3,7

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

1996- 1999 2000-2003 1996- 1999 2000-2003 1996- 1999 2000-2003

INSTITUTES NUCLEI TOTAL MSI

Po

nd

ere

d A

ve

rag

e:

cita

tion

s/p

ub

lica

tion

SOME DISCOVERIES OF WORLD SOME DISCOVERIES OF WORLD CONNOTATIONCONNOTATION

24 advances/discoveries reported in 9 disciplines (2003 – 05)Some examples:•Medical scanners recovery•Magnetic signature•Piscirickettsia salmonis vaccinne•Sismogenetic mechanisms and rupture in earthquakes

•Enzymes for detergents in cold (In process of patent)

LINKS WITH INDUSTRY AND LINKS WITH INDUSTRY AND EDUCATIONAL AND PUBLIC SECTORSEDUCATIONAL AND PUBLIC SECTORS

2002 - 2004:

• INDUSTRY: Over 35 activities and projects for the mining, forestry, agricultural, pharmaceutical, information and communication, health, and services sectors

• EDUCATION: Over 20 activities of training and research oriented to professors and students of mid and primary education

BASIC – “APPLIED” SCIENCE?

“Mission oriented / Strategic / Technological towards R & D”?

• SHOULD BE TRANSDISCIPLINARY MIX

• ALERT: EQUILIBRIUM (usual tendency for second type)

IN NETWORK AND OUTREACH

LARGE NUMBER OF INTERESTING ACTIVITIES, e.g.: Extension Courses for Secondary Teachers Lectures for Schools Seminars for Chilean Scientists Working Abroad National / International Courses Workshops and Symposia Exchange of Senior and Young Scientists Creation of Joint Postgraduate Courses Approaches towards the industry National/International Networks

ENTHUSIASM OF RESEARCHERS

BASIC KEYS OF SUCCESS BASIC KEYS OF SUCCESS

• Rigorous selection of best groups of scientists (Foreign top PC)

• Sufficient funds• Autonomy and flexibility. Limited bureaucracy

and controls• However: Permanent evaluation plan, and

challenge of competitive renovations

• And another general: Government support, and minimization of political influence in science (starting by the right women/men in the right places)

WORLD BANK: WORLD BANK: SOME OF “LESSONS LEARNEDSOME OF “LESSONS LEARNED””

• AUTONOMY IN USE OF FUNDS AND REDUCED BUROCRACY ARE KEY FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING SCIENCE EFFECTIVELY

• FUNDS ALLOCATIONS HAVE TO BE SUFFICIENTLY LARGE SO AS TO ALLOW THE CENTERS TO COMPETE AT SIMILAR LEVELS WITH THE BEST OVERSEAS

• A WELL MANAGED INVESTMENT, ALBEIT SMALL, MAY LIFT A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. HOWEVER, SUBSIDIZE AND COHERENCE IN GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND ACTIONS ARE CRUCIAL

www.iniciativamilenio.clwww.iniciativamilenio.cl

MUCHAS GRACIAS

COMPLEMENTARY SLIDES

ORIGINS AND BACKGROUNDORIGINS AND BACKGROUND

• DIAGNOSIS: LIMITATIONS IN THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• INTERNATIONAL CONVOCATION ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY “REALIZING THE GLOBALIZATION OF DISCOVERY”, JUNE 4-5, 1998INVITED: S&T FOREIGN (SCIENTISTS, MINISTERS). RECOMMENDATION: FORMATION OF “CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE”

GENESIS OF THE PROJECT (1999)

MSIPROJECT

WORLD BANKSCIENCE CONSULTANTSPRESIDENTIALCOMMISSION

(SCIENCE)

MSI ORGANOGRAMMSI ORGANOGRAM

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

EXTERNAL PEERREVIEWERS

PROGRAM COMMITTEE

EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT

SCIENCE INSTITUTES SCIENCE NUCLEI

Budgetary Evolution MSI Program

-

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

years

MM

$

Institute Nucleus Total

Science Institutes and Nuclei2000 - 2007

3 3 3 3 35 5

5 5

10

8

12

15

1415

3

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Years

To

tal C

en

ters

Institutes Núclei

FINANCIAL INVESTMENTFINANCIAL INVESTMENT

• INITIAL PHASE 2.5 YEARS:

LIL (WB-FIRST): USD 5 MILLION + NATIONAL COUNTERPART: USD 10 MILLION

(EQUIVALENT TO APP. 6% OF NATIONAL INVESTMENT IN S&T COMPETITIVE FUNDS)

WORKING AREASWORKING AREAS

• Biotechnologies

• Medical Sciences• Genetics• Microbiology• Ecology• Materials Physics• Mathematics

• Chemistry• Seismology• Information and communication

technologies• Glaciology• Energetic processing and transportation• Industrial optimization• (Among others)

Historical Distribution of Funds per Areas

Chemistry4%

Physics14%

Mathematics4%

Engineering18%

Ecology8%

Biology52%

Participation in the formation of young researchers per Associated Researchers in the periods 1991-1999 and 2000-2002/3: Evolution for Institutes, Nuclei and total

program

0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

10,00

12,00

1991-1999 2000-2003 1991-1999 2000-2002 1991-1999 2000-2002/3

INSTITUTES NUCLEI TOTAL MSI

Num

ber

of y

oung

stu

dent

s/as

soci

ated

res

earc

her

Post Doc

Undergraduate

Magister

Doctorants

Patents Requested: Evolution for Institutes, Nuclei and total Program

4,5

2,5

0,30,7

4,8

3,2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1991- 1999 2000-2003 1991- 1999 2000-2003 1991- 1999 2000-2003

INSTITUTES NUCLEI TOTAL MSI

Av

era

ge

nu

mb

er

for

pa

ten

ts p

er

ye

ar

Scientific events with presentation of papers per Associated Researcher: Evolution for Institutes, Nuclei and total program

0,17

1,26

0,06

1,97

0,12

1,56

0,21

1,40

0,07

1,79

0,15

1,57

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

1991- 1999 2000- 2003 1991-1999 2000-2003 1991-1999 2000-2003

INSTITUTES NUCLEI TOTAL M SI

Num

ber

of e

vent

s pe

r re

sear

cher

per

yea

r

NationalConferences

InternationalConferences

Dedication of Associated Researchers to extension activities: Evolution for Institutes, Nuclei and total

Program

10,6

70,6

14,3

142,3

12,3

103,7

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1991- 1999 2000-2003 1991- 1999 2000-2003 1991- 1999 2000-2003

INSTITUTES NUCLEI TOTAL MSI

Nu

mb

er

of

av

era

ge

ho

urs

pe

r re

se

arc

he

rs p

er

ye

ar

REGRETFULLY: NO NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING FEASIBLE

• EXTRACT FROM OFFICIAL WB COMMUNICATION:

“THE SCIENCE FOR THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY PROJECT WILL FINANCE INITIATIVES FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH, AND AT THE SAME TIME GIVE SUPPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF CHILE IN ITS STRATEGY FOR ESTABLISHING A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH COMPRISING SCIENCE LEARNING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

THIS LOAN IS BASED ON THE SUCCESS OBTAINED BY THE MILLENNIUM SCIENCE INITIATIVE (MSI) LAUNCHED BY THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND COOPERATION OF CHILE WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE WORLD BANK”

WITH WORLD BANKWITH WORLD BANK

• PROGRESS TOWARDS 2nd PHASE →

→ CHANGED TOWARDS LARGER AGREEMENT TO STRENGTHEN NATIONAL SYSTEM

HIGHLIGHT FROM 2001 HIGHLIGHT FROM 2001 INDEPENDENT PANEL’S REPORT:INDEPENDENT PANEL’S REPORT:

“We believe that the MSI program as a whole has been of great success.

A relatively low investment has been surprisingly effective”.

CHILE’S CURRENT SITUATION CHILE’S CURRENT SITUATION ON S,T&ION S,T&I

• UNIVERSITIES – Main Strength

• SPECIFIC COMPETITIVE INSTRUMENTS: INCREASING GROWTH SINCE 1990

MAIN LIMITATIONSMAIN LIMITATIONS

• 0.7% of GDP

• LACK OF SCIENTISTS (10-20% compared OECD countries)

• CENTRALIZATION OF S, T & I

• PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE SECTOR

• LIMITED PATENTING

A. EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE- INDIVIDUAL SCIENTISTS PROJECTS (3 years) – FONDECYT- CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE- REGIONAL RESEARCH CENTERS- POST GRADUATE SCHOLARSHIPS (National and Overseas)- POST DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPS

B. R&D WITH INDUSTRY AND SERVICES- R&D PROJECTS (FONDEF)- PRIVATE / PUBLIC CONSORTIA- INSERTION OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS IN INDUSTRY

C. PRIVATE ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT & INNOVATION- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERENCE &

INNOVATION- TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURIAL CONSORTIA- BUSINESS INCUBATIONS- SUPPORT TO SME, PATENTING AND

OTHER - FOSTERING NEW INDUSTRIES AND

PRODUCTS (FUNDACION CHILE)

D. OTHER- AWARENESS & DIFUSSION OF S, T & I

RELEVANT STEPS SINCE 2005RELEVANT STEPS SINCE 2005

• NATIONAL FUND FOR S,T&I (Tax to mining industry) → USD 100 m/year, on increase to 180 m

• TAX SUBSIDY 35% TO PRIVATE INVESTMENT ON S,T&I