Science ProjectScience Project

Courtney & KaleighScience 7Ms. Schurman

Courtney & KaleighScience 7Ms. Schurman

The layers of the Earth!!

CrustIs a thin layer of solid rock. The material that makes up the Crust tends to be lighter than the materials below the Earth’s Crust. It“floats” on the inner layers.

Just below the Crust is a hot , partly molten layer.

It’s made up of a thick,heavy material.When it cools , it forms rock.

The mantle moves sluggishly, like thick syrup.

Mantle

Outer Core

Toward the centre of the Earth is the Outer core. It has a molten mass made of mostly iron, with some nickel in the mix. Like the mantle, thematerial within the outer core flows.

Inner Core

At the very center of the Earth is the Inner Core, a large ball of iron and nickel.Despite the heat ( almost as hot as the surface of the sun),the inner core is solid, crushed under the enormous weight ofthe outer core and the mantel.

Minerals!!

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Diamonds

Diamonds are minerals, and come from rock.Minerals are pure and naturally occur from rocks.

Rocks are made of a combination of minerals.

The differences among rocks are due to the minerals they contain.

Quartz

Quartz is hard.It comes in many colors depending on how it was formed.

Amethyst, carnelian, agate, and onyx are all forms of quartz.

Talc

Talc is very soft and has a greasy feel.It is used in cosmetics.

Jade

Jade is used to make jewellery and figurines

Hardness

Every mineral can make a scratch on other minerals that are softer than itself, but cannot scratch a mineral that is harder than itself.

Using some standard minerals ranging from very hard to very soft, it ispossible to discover the hardness of an unknown mineral.

MineralsMinerals

They are the building blocks of life.

Minerals are nonliving things.

They are the building blocks of life.

Minerals are nonliving things.

SOILSOIL

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LitterLitter

The surface of soil is usually covered with leaves, broken branches and fallen trees. This layer is known as the litter. It keeps the ground damp by preventing too much water from evaporating.

The surface of soil is usually covered with leaves, broken branches and fallen trees. This layer is known as the litter. It keeps the ground damp by preventing too much water from evaporating.

TopsoilTopsoil

Beneath the litter is a layer of topsoil. Topsoil usually contains dark decaying plant and animal matter called HUMUS. Humus is important because it contains the rich supply of nutrients and minerals that new plants need for growth.

Beneath the litter is a layer of topsoil. Topsoil usually contains dark decaying plant and animal matter called HUMUS. Humus is important because it contains the rich supply of nutrients and minerals that new plants need for growth.

SubsoilSubsoil

The subsoil contains larger pieces of rock and clay. It usually is a lighter color because it contains little humus.

The subsoil contains larger pieces of rock and clay. It usually is a lighter color because it contains little humus.

BedrockBedrock

A layer of solid, unbroken rock called bedrock marks the dividing line between soil and rock. The bedrock may be under soil, but it is still subject to biological weathering from plant roots.

A layer of solid, unbroken rock called bedrock marks the dividing line between soil and rock. The bedrock may be under soil, but it is still subject to biological weathering from plant roots.