mining and environmental protection
TRANSCRIPT
MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
PROCEEDINGS
Editor
Prof. dr Ivica Ristovic
Vrdnik
21 - 24. June 2017.
6th
International Symposium
MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
21 - 24 June 2017., Vrdnik, Serbia
FOREWORD
After the consultations with business entities in the field of mining and environmental protection, faculties
and scientific institutes, an initiative for organizing a scientific meeting on mining and environmental
protection was taken in 1996. The Faculty of Mining and Geology in Belgrade, CENTER FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, have organized the First Yugoslav Conference with International
participants held from 25 to 27 April 1996 in Belgrade, Serbia. 2nd
International Symposium was held in
Belgrade from 25 to 27 1998. 3th Symposium was held in Vrdnik from 21 to 23 May 2001, 4
th
International Symposium was held in Vrdnik from 23 to 25 June 2003, and 5th
International Symposium
was held in Vrdnik from 10 to 13 June 2015.
Due to the large number of subjective and objective reasons organization of the symposium was
discontinued in 2003. On the basis of the conclusions made at the 5th
Symposium MEP 2015, and great
interest of domestic and foreign scientific and professional public, the Faculty of Mining and Geology in
Belgrade, in cooperation with co-organizers (National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”,
Moscow, Russia Berg Faculty TU Košice, Slovakia, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences
and Engineering, Slovenia, Goce Delcev University in Stip, Macedonia and University in Banja Luka,
Faculty of Mining, Prijedor, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), shall organize the 6th
International Symposium Mining and Environmental protection.
Previous Symposium, were very successful and scientist and companies from many countries gathered to
exchange information and research results. The objective of this Conference is to bring together engineers,
scientists and managers working in mining industry, research organizations and government organizations,
on development and application of best practice in mining industry in the respect of environment protection.
At the Book of Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Mining and Environmental protection are
59 Papers. One third is from abroad, or their authors is from different countries. At least 150 authors and
co-authors took part in the preparation of these papers. The papers were reviewed by Reviewers and
Scientific Committee. Only high-quality papers were selected, from two side, one from the scientific basis
and the second from point of view of applicability in resolving problems at the development of mining.
We are very grateful to the authors of the papers, who contributed to a great extent to the success of this
meeting by having sent enough number of high quality papers, and thereby made the work of the reviewers a
pleasant one in respect of selecting the best quality papers. Also we would like to thank all of the participants
in the Symposium, as well as the sponsors who helped and enabled us to hold such a great meeting.
Editor
PROCEEDINGS
6th International Symposium MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Editor: prof. dr Ivica Ristovic, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade
Reviewers:
dr Daniela Marasova, BERG Faculty, TU Košice, Slovakia, dr Gabriel Fedorko, BERG Faculty, TU
Košice, Slovakia, dr Vieroslav Molnar, BERG Faculty, TU Košice, Slovakia, dr Nikoleta Mikusova, BERG
Faculty, TU Košice, Slovakia dr Milivoj Vulic, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering,
Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Vladimir I. Galkin, MISIS Moscow, Russia, dr Nikolaj M. Kachurin, TulGU,
Tula, Russia, dr Zoran Despodov, Goce Delcev University Stip, Macedonia, dr Dejan Mirakovski, Goce Delcev
University Stip, Macedonia, dr Viktor Kovalov, Donbas State Engineering Academy, Ukraine, dr Jiri Fries, VŠB
Ostrava, Czech Republic, dr Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec, University of Zagreb, Croatia, dr Vlatko Marusic,
University of Osijek, Croatia, dr Vladimir Malbasic, University of Banja Luka, Republic of
Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina, dr Kemal Gutic, Faculty of Minig, Geology and Civil Engineering, Bosnia and
Hercegovina, dr Gordana Stefanovic, University of Nis, Serbia, dr Srdjan Jovic, University of Pristina, Serbia, dr
Blagoje Nedeljkovic, University of Pristina, Serbia, dr Gordana Vojkovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr
Zoran Nikic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Nikola Lilic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Bozo Kolonja,
University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Dinko Knezevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Aleksandar Cvjetic,
University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Vladimir Milisavljevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Predrag Jovancic,
University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Dragan Ignjatovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Ivica Ristovic,
University of Belgrade, Serbia.
Editorial Board: Marija Ţivković, Ivana Vasiljević, Aleksandar Ganić, Dejan Stevanović, Nevenka Đerić,
Biljana Abolmasov, Danica Srećković- Batoćanin, Lidija Beko, Suzana Lutovac, Biljana Lazić, Ivica
Ristović.
Publisher: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia
For publisher: Prof. dr Dušan Polomčić, Dean
Technical desing: M.Sc. Milena Lekić
Printed by: SaTCIP, Vrnjacka Banja, 2017
Copies: 150
ISBN 978-86-7352-298-2
The publication of this Proceedings approved by the Council of Faculty of Mining and Geology,
University of Belgrade
All Papers in Proceedings are reviewed
This Proceedings was published with the financial assistance of the Ministry of
Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia
ORGANIZER
UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE, FACULTY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY, Belgrade
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, Mining Department
www.rgf.bg.ac.rs
COORGANIZERS
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY “MISIS”, MOSCOW, RUSSIA
www.en.misis.ru
BERG FACULTY TU KOŠICE, SLOVAKIA
www.fberg.tuke.sk
UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA, FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, SLOVENIA
www.ntf.uni-lj.si
GOCE DELČEV UNIVERSITY IN ŠTIP, MACEDONIA
www.ugd.edu.mk
UNIVERSITY OF BANJA LUKA, FACULTY OF MINING ENGINEERING, PRIJEDOR, REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA,
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
www.rf.unibl.org
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
dr Noam Lior, University of Pennsylvania, USA, dr Alexander V. Myaskov, MISIS National University of Science and Technology
Moscow, Russia, dr Michal Cehlár, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Adolfo Senatore, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy,
dr. Vladimir I. Galkin, MISIS National University of Science and Technology Moscow, Russia, dr Nikolai M. Kachurin, Tula State
University, Tula, Russia, dr Daniela Marasová, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Gabriel Fedorko, BERG Faculty, TU
Kosice, Slovakia, dr Vieroslav Molnár, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Nikoleta Husakova, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice,
Slovakia, dr Milivoj Vulić, University of Ljubljana, Faculty on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Ţeljko
Vukelič, University of Ljubljana, Faculty on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr. Goran Viţintin, University
of Ljubljana, Faculty on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Drago Potočnik, University of Ljubljana, Faculty
on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Milan Medved, University of Maribor, Faculty of Energy, Maribor,
Slovenia, dr Zoran Despodov, FPTN, Štip, R. Macedonia, dr Dejan Mirakovski, FPTN, Štip, R. Macedonia, dr Zoran Panov, FPTN,
Štip, R. Macedonia, dr Vladimir Malbašić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Prijedor, Republic of Srpska,
dr Valentin Nedeff, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bacău, Romania, dr Alexandru-Viorel Pele, University of Oradea, Faculty
of Management and Technological Engineering, Romania, dr Nikolae Ilias, University of Petrosani, Romania, dr Volodymir A.
Fedorinov, Donbass State Engineering Academy, Kramatorsk, Ukraine, dr Viktor D. Kovalov, Donbass State Engineering
Academy, Kramatorsk, Ukraine, dr Raycho Ilarionov Technical University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria, dr Georgi E. Rashev, Technical
University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria, dr Malgorzata Malec, Institute of Mining Technology, KOMAG, Gliwice, Poland, dr Anna
Ostręga, AGH, University of Science and Technology, Krakow, dr Horst Gondek, VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava,
Czech Republic, dr Jiri Fries, VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, dr Nediljka Gaurina MeĎimurec,
University of Zagreb, Croatia, dr Vlatko Marušić, TU Osijek, Croatia, dr Dušan Polomčić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of
Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Rade Tokalić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Nenad Banjac,
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Nikola Lilić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and
Geology, Serbia, dr Boţo Kolonja, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Dinko Kneţević, University
of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Predrag Lazić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology,
Serbia, dr Predrag Jovancic, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Vladimir Milisavljević, University
of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Aleksandar Cvjetić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and
Geology, Serbia, dr Dejan Stevanović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Ivica Ristović, University
of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Sneţana Pašalić, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr
Milica Marčeta-Kaninski, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Vladimir Nikolić, Institute of Nuclear Sciences,
Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Marija Stojmenović, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Milan Kragović, Institute
for Technology of Nuclear and other Mineral Raw Materials (ITNMS) Belgrade, Serbia, dr Gordana Vojković, Faculty of
Geography, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Zoran Nikić, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Gordana Stefanović, Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, Niš, Serbia, dr Nebojša Arsić, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr SrĎan Jović, Faculty of
Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr Duško Minić, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr
Blagoje Nedeljković, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr Gordana Milentijević, Faculty of Technical
Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr Nataša Elezović, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia.
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:
dr. Ivica Ristovic, Belgrade, Serbia, president, dr. Gabriel Fedorko, Košice, Slovakia, vice president, dr. Milivoj Vulic, Ljubljana,
Slovenia, vice president, dr. Vasilii Zotov, Moscow, Russia, vice president, dr. Zoran Despodov, Štip, Republic of Macedonia, vice
president, dr. Vjeroslav Molnar, Košice, Slovakia, dr. Dejan Mirakovski, Štip, Republic of Macedonia, dr. Aleksandar Cvjetic,
Belgrade, Serbia, Miroslav Ivkovic, TE-KO Kostolac, Kostolac, Serbia, , MSc Ivana Filipovic, Belgrade, Serbia, MSc Milena Lekic,
Belgrade, Serbia, Luka Crnogorac, Belgrade, Serbia, BSc Nadeţda Petrović, Lazarevac, Serbia
C O N T E N T S:
PLENARY SESSION
Noam Lior:
Sustainable Energy Development: The present (2017) Situation,
Recent Critical Changes, and Possible Future Paths ................................................................
1
Myaskov A.V., Gonchar A.A., Shmelev V.S.:
Activities to Conserve Biodiversity and Maintain Natural Ecosystems and the Criterial
Basis for their Assessment .......................................................................................................
15
Predrag Dašić, Jovan Dašić, Bojan Crvenković:
Cloud-Based Video-Surveillance for Increasing Reliability and Security in Mining .............. 18
Vesna Karović Mariĉić, Branko Leković, Dušan Danilović:
Sustainable Development in Oil Sector of the Republic of Serbia .......................................... 34
Branko Glušĉević, Ĉedomir Beljić, Suzana Lutovac:
Exploitation of Small Deposits as a Part of Sustainable Development .................................... 43
Drago Potoĉnik, Aleš Lamot, Janez Rošer, Milivoj Vulić:
Subsidence Monitoring Above Longwall "-80C" of Velenje Coal Mine
Using Various Surveying Methods ..........................................................................................
50
Michal Cehlár, Zuzana Šimková:
Necessary Aspects of Raw Material Policy as a Strategic Document Also From the View of
European Union ........................................................................................................................
56
WORKS SESSIONS
Zoran Despodov, Stojance Mijalkovski, Vancho Adjiski, Mitko Kostov:
Waste Management Plan Generated from Mining Activities in the Mine for Production of
Lead and Zinc "Toranica" - Kriva Palanka ..............................................................................
64
Stojance Mijalkovski, Zoran Despodov, Vancho Adjiski, Dimitar Stefanovski:
Plan for Waste Management in the Mine for Production of
Lead and Zinc "Zletovo" – Probishtip ......................................................................................
70
Dejan Mirakovski, Marija Hadzi-Nikolova, Nikolinka Doneva, Andrej Kepeski:
Miners Personal Noise Exposure in Metal and Non-Metal Mines in Macedonia ....................
76
Gabriel Fedorko, Jozef Stolarik, Vladimir Malbašić, Ivica Ristovic:
Creation of Calculation and Simulation Model of a System Ropecon ....................................
81
Peter Michalik, Michal Hatala, Dušan Mital:
Intelligently Programming of the Grooves Production on the
External Cylindrical Surfaces for the Leadwell T5 CNC Lathe ..............................................
87
Vieroslav Molnár, Róbert Varga:
Design Concept of the Drive for Variable Pipe Conveyor .......................................................
92
Mikhail Griyzev, Nikolai Kachurin, Maxim Zmeev:
Forecasting Pollution of Atmosphere by Coal Mines and
Distributing Resources for Prophylactic Measures ..................................................................
97
Nikolai Kachurin, Anatolyi Ermakov, Alexander Kachurin
Methane Emission from Coal Bed Opened Surfaces Into Development
Workings and Production Faces by Extraction of Medium Thickness Beds ...........................
103
Nikoleta Mikušová:
Design of a Handbook for Implementation of Eco-Logistics in Enterprises ...........................
110
Nikolinka Doneva, Zoran Despodov, Dejan Mirakovski, Marija Hadzi-Nikolova,
Dejan Ivanovski:
Quality and Efficiency of Horizontal Mining Facilities Construction
Using Smooth Blasting in Sasa Mine Macedonia ....................................................................
117
Nikoleta Mikušová, Eva Tomková:
Environmental Audit – An Effective Tool of Environmental Protection ................................
123
Nikoleta Mikušová:
Use of Heuristics Methods of Decision Making for Solution of Waste Management .............
129
Vladimir Malbašić, Lazar Stojanović:
Determination of Seismic Safety Zones During the Surface Mining
Operation Development in the Case of Open Pit "Buvač" .......................................................
138
Sneţana Aleksandrović, Predrag Jovanĉić, Ilija Jeftenić:
Rationalization of Electrical Energy Consumption in Mining Plants ......................................
144
Milan Crnomarković, Marija Ţivković:
Ecological Effects of Usage of Municipal Solid Waste for Energy Purpose ...........................
149
Ljiljana Takić, Bratislav Todorović, Nataša Elezović, Aleksandar Zdravković:
Assessment of Water Quality and Correlation Analysis:
A Case Study of Ibar River (Serbia) ........................................................................................
158
Milan Kragović, Sneţana Pašalić, Miloš Ćirić, Marija Marković, Jelena Petrović,
Marija Stojmenović, Ivica Ristović:
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions by Using Natural
and Fe(III)-Modified Zeolite-Alginate Composites .................................................................
164
Boris Vakanjac, Sanaa Masod Abdulqader, Jovan Kovaĉević, Zorana Naumović,
Nevena Zdjelarević:
Radioactivity of Characteristic Uranium-Bearing Geologic Units of Mt. Stara Planina .........
170
Ana Koprivica, Ĉedomir Beljić, Boris Vakanjac, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac:
Concentrations of Toxic Metals Pb and Cd in Foodstuffs of Plant Origin:
Case Study of the Village of Baroševac, Serbia .......................................................................
178
Dejan Ivezić, Marija Ţivković, Aleksandar Madţarević, Miloš Tanasijević, Milica Ivić:
Energy Efficiency Policy Instruments in Serbia as Tools for Environmental Protection ........
184
JovanaPopović, Marija Ţivković:
Green House Gases Inventory from Direct Energy Related Emissions in Serbia ...................
192
Natalija Pavlović, Tomislav Šubaranovic:
Technological Solution for Reclamation of Ugljevik East 1
Opencast Mine and Inside Dump in the First Phase of Exploitation .......................................
199
Tomislav Šubaranović, Branko Petrović,Vladimir Ivoš, Ivica Ristović:
Technical Solution for Reclamation of the Trachyte Open Pit Mine
Kišnjeva Glava at Fruška Gora ................................................................................................
206
Bojan Dimitrijević, Vladimir Ĉebašek, Saša Ilić, Jelena Majstorović, Ivan Janković:
Decision Making Process in the Selection Recultivation Open Pit Mine and Landfils ...........
211
Jelena Djokic, Srdjan Jovic, Nebojsa Arsic, Obrad Anicic:
Energy Efficiency Measures and Sustainable Development ....................................................
214
Cvjetko Stojanović, Biljana Borović, Radivoje Kerović:
EU Directives on the limitation of emissions of pollutants and
their effect on the further work of thermal power plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina .............
220
Bogoljub Vuĉković, Milovan Rakijaš, Hranislav Stojković, Jovan Vuĉković:
Comparison of Geothermal Energy Potential in Kolubara Coal Basin
with Lignite vol. V - Energy Value and Previous Geological Considerations ........................
223
Milovan Rakijaš, Selena Rakijaš, Miloš Rakijaš, Bogoljub Vuĉković:
Unsanitary Municipal Landfill in Serbia - Landfill Hazardous Waste and
Their Impact on the Environment ............................................................................................
230
Milovan Rakijaš, Selena Rakijaš, Miloš Rakijaš:
The Role of Geology in the Management of Radioactive Waste .............................................
235
Dragana Savić, Dejan Ţivković, Dejan Milošević, Darjan Kundaĉina:
Importance of Laboratory Testing and Characteristics of Mineral
Resources for Environmental and Arable Land Protection on OP Drmno in 2016 .................
241
Jovana Galjak, Jelena Đokić, Gordana Milentijević, Irma Dervisevic, Sneţana Pavlovic:
Characterization of the Tailing Waste Deposit Gornje Polje ...................................................
249
Ljiljana Tankosić, Pavle Tanĉić, Svjetlana Sredić, Zoran Nedić:
Characterization of the sludge generated during the processing of iron ore in Omarska mine
255
Titomir Obradović, Radmila Šerović, Sabina Ivanović, Dragana Jelesić, Siniša Stojković:
Management of Mining Waste .................................................................................................
263
Nataša Elezović, Jelena Rajović, Slobodan Zlatković, Predrag Jovanić:
Risk Analysis in the Application of Remediation Technologies in
Treatment of Sediment on Bovan Reservoir ............................................................................
267
Jelisaveta Marjanovic, Snezana Pavlovic, Jelena Djokic:
Multi Criteria Analysis in Process of Location Selection for Waste Water Treatment Plant...
274
Dejan Stevanovic, Mirjana Bankovic, Veljko Rupar, Vladimir Milisavljevic,
Aleksandar Cvjetic , Daniel Krţanović:
Waste Dump Design Optimization, Case Study Open Pit Drmno ...........................................
282
Milorad Stojanović, Jadranka Vukašinović, Nebojša Todorović:
Identification and Criteria for the Evaluation of Environmental Aspects ................................
287
Milorad Stojanović, Novica Momĉilović, Momĉilo Radovanović:
Analysis Legal Obligations in Managing Construction Waste in Serbia and in the Region ...
294
Milorad Stojanović, Ivan Pantelić, Milena Aleksić:
Management of Hazardous Substances ....................................................................................
302
Radiša Djurić, Zoran Milošević, Miroslav Ĉrnĉević:
Rationalization of Usage and Maintenance of the Auxiliary Mechanization in the Open Pit
„Drmno“ in the Branch ''TE-KO Kostolac'' in the Period from 2005 to 2015......................
310
Suzana Lutovac, Branko Glušĉević, Rade Tokalić, Jelena Majstorović, Ĉedomir Beljić:
Analysis of Method for Determination of the Rock Mass Oscillation
Equation Parameters in the Nepričava Open Pit ......................................................................
317
Zoran Golubović, Slobodan Makragić:
Simulation of the Bucket-Wheel Excavator Digging Process and
Optimal Reconstruction Solutions ...........................................................................................
323
Ivana Filipović:
Investigation of the Influence of Structural Parameters of Pipe Conveyors ............................
328
Radule Tošović:
Some Aspects of Commercial and National Profitability of Mineral
Resources in Conditions of Sustainable Development ............................................................
333
Dragana Jelisavac Erdeljan, Vukašin Vuĉević:
Summary of the Objectives and Expected Results of the Project Cadastre of Mining Waste..
339
Janez Rošer, Drago Potoĉnik, Milivoj Vulić:
Analysing the Dynamic Subsidence Produced by Longwall Coal Mining in
Velenje Coal Mine Through Surrogate of Logistic Function ..................................................
344
Aleksandar Cvjetić, Nikola Lilić, Vladimir Milisavljević, Uroš Pantelić:
Environmental Noise Management in Serbian Open Pit Mines……………………………...
349
Milena Lekić, Luka Crnogorac, Uroš Pantelić, Zoran Nikić:
Possibility of Application of Phytoremediation in Mining...........................................
355
Ivana Filipović, Mila Stanisavljević, Jelena Milojević:
Utillization of Pipe Conveyors………………………………………………………..
361
Milena Lekić, Dejan Bojović, Vasilije Gašić, Ristovic Ivica:
Demolition and Building Waste As a Resource……………………………………...
367
POSTER SESSION
Aleksandra Šaponjić, Maja Kokunešoski, Ivana Perović, Marina Vuković, ĐorĊe
Šaponjić, Vladimir Nikolić, Milica Marĉeta Kaninski:
Co/Mo Bimetallic Carbides with Potental Applications as Catalyst Support
in Pem Fuel Cells - Synthesis and Characterization ................................................................
375
Maja Kokunešoski, Aleksandra Šaponjić, Miroslav Stanković, Marina Vuković,
Jelena Majstorović, Dragana Jordanov, Milica Marĉeta Kaninski:
Porous Ceramics Based on Natural Mineral Sources ...............................................................
381
117
6th
International Symposium
MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
21 - 24 June 2017, Vrdnik, Serbia
QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF HORIZONTAL MINING FACILITIES
CONSTRUCTION, USING SMOOTH BLASTING IN SASA MINE,
MACEDONIA
Nikolinka Doneva1, Zoran Despodov
1, Dejan Mirakovski
1, Marija Hadzi-Nikolova
1, Dejan Ivanovski
2
1Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Goce Delcev University Stip, Republic of Macedonia,
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected] 2Sasa Mine, M. Kamenica, Republic of Macedonia, [email protected]
Abstract: This paper presents data from a research that has been conducted in Sasa mine, M. Kamenica. For this
purpose, collected data about construction of horizontal mining facilities in several rock types was analyzed. Also,
comparison of construction technology using smooth blasting and NONEL system for initiating to previously
applied technology has been conducted.
Keywords: Type of rock, NONEL system, Smooth blasting
1. INTRODUCTION
The horizontal mining facilities construction presents a complex system of many dependent elements. In
Sasa Mine, this type of underground structures are constructed on different rock types. In this paper,
horizontal mining facilities construction in gneiss and skarn will be considered.
Gneiss as waste rock in Sasa mine is characterized by high rate of metamorphism, as well as medium to
high rate of crystalline. It is mostly with schist texture stratified in the thick beds, while massive parts are
rare.
Skarns occurred as a consequence of post magmatic high-temperature phase of dacite's protrusion of
surrounding silico-limestone parts. Various skarns have occurred according to mineralogical composition
and time of creation, as a result of it.
Table 1 shows physical and mechanical properties obtained by laboratory tests that are required for this
survey as follows: bulk density [MN/m3], uniaxial compressive strength c [MPa], tensile strength t
[MPa], bending strength s [MPa], shear strengh [MPa], cohesion C [MPa], angle of internal friction
[], Poisson`s coefficient and modulus of elasticity E [MPa] [3].
Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties obtained by laboratory tests on ore and associated rock in Sasa Mine,
Revir Svinja Reka
Rock
type γ [t/m3]
c
[MPa]
σt
[MPa]
σs
[MPa]
τ
[MPa]
[0]
C
[MPa] µ
Ex103
[MPa]
Gneiss 2.7-2.8 65-93 12-17 8.6-15 7-31 34-41 10-31 0.16-0.18 39-45
Skarn 3.35-3.76 73-102 12-19 9-15 16-19 32-40 22-47 0.19-0.24 39-64
Technical properties needed for this research, as well as classification on gneiss and skarn according to
these properties are given in Table 2 [1].
118
Table 2. Technical properties obtained by laboratory tests on ore and associated rock in Sasa Mine, Revir Svinja
Reka
Rock type
Extent of
drilling
Ј [mm/10min]
Extent of
abrasive
[mg]
Resistance to blasting
Maximum
volume on the
fraction-Bmax
[cm3]
Ratio evenly
crushing
К
Gneiss 11,93-32,53
Medium*
41,67-95,33
Medium - very
high **
2,6-3,8
Hardly *** 1,10-1,13
Skarn 6,53-14,2
Medium*
35,5-87,33
Medium - very
high **
2,2-3,9
Very hardly –
hardly***
1,0-1,4
* Clasification by Baron, ** Clasification by Baron and Kuznjecov, *** Clasification by A.N. SSSR
(Institut Skochinski)
2. APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES FOR HORIZONTAL MINING FACILITIES
CONSTRUCTION
For the purpose of this research, constructions on horizontal mining facilities with the following
properties have been monitorеd:
projected profile size - 10,8 m2;
profile shape – horse – shoe shape;
structure type – capital [3].
In both technologies, the same equipment and machinery are applied, as well as the same work
organization, which allows comparability of results. Also the same is:
length of holes – 2,6 m;
holes dimeter - 45 mm;
explosives type: Аmmonite 38 mm, Ем Ех Al 38 mm, Аmmonite 20 mm;
type of cuts – parallel with a central empty hole with larger diameter (the number of holes in cuts
depends on the strength and structural properties of the blasting material.
As already stated above, the horizontal mining facilities construction presents a complex system of many
dependent elements. However, this paper will focus on the achieved outcomes of the construction quality
in dependence of drilling and blasting parameters [4].
2.1. Existing technology for horizontal mining facilities construction
Sasa Mine continuously monitors the latest techniques and technologies used in the world's mines. For
this reаson, the existing technology is not outdated. The main features of this technology are:
usage of drilling and blasting for excavation;
usage of contour blasting, in order to obtain smoother excavated surface;
usage of an electrical mines ignition with electrical millisecond detonators;
usage of plastic explosives for bottom mine hole.
2.2. Innovative technology for horizontal mining facilities construction
In order to improve the results of the excavation phase, Sasa mine introduced a new manner of initiating
mine series. NONEL system (Non-electric detonators) which whenapplied connects with the detonating
fuse and electrical detonator. Also, optimization of drilling and blasting parameters is performed, such as:
the number of mine holes, quantity of explosives for blasting in order to improve results in terms of
constructed facility quality.
119
3. RESULTS
Results of horizontal mining facilities construction in gneiss and skarn using existing and innovative
technologies are given as following.
In gneiss, constructions of two facilities have been monitored:
the first facility has been constructed on IVb / 3 + 24 level, geological profile from 1485 to 1500,
where existing technology is applied (Figure 1) [1];
the second facility has been constructed on 990/2-0ps level, geological profile from 1175 to 1200,
where innovative technology is applied (Figure 2) [1].
In skarn, constructions of two facilities have been monitored:
the first facility has been constructed on IVb/2-7 level, geological profile from 1040 to 1060, where
existing technology is applied (Figure 3);
the second facility has been constructed on 990/2+1ps level, geological profile from 970 to 990,
where innovative technology is applied (Figure 4) [1].
In all facilities 8 cycles of construction have been monitored with drilling length of 2.5 m. Results
that are given in Table 3 present main values of reviewed 8 cycles [1].
Figure 1. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type – gneiss (every 2.5 m) with existing
technology
Projected
Excavated
120
Figure 2. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type – skarn (every 2.5 m) with existing
technology
Figure 3. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type – gneiss (every 2.5 m) with innovative
technology
Projected
Excavated
Projected
Excavated
121
Figure 4. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type – skarn (every 2.5 m) with innovative
technology
Table 3. Results achieved by the application of existing and innovative technology
Rock type Gneiss Skarn
Technology Existing Innovative Existing Innovative
Аchieved results
Advance length for one blasting [m] 2.26 2.31 1.65 2.11
Coefficient of use blast hole 0.86 0.89 0.64 0.78
Total quantity of explosive per one blasting
[kg] 78.66 78.26 82.28 90.5
Initiation means [N0] 39 38 43 43
Weight of excavation per one blasting [t] 78 91 90 92
Cavity profile size [m2] 10.67 10.93 14.03 10.75
Deviation from the projected profile size [m2] -0.4 0.13 3.23 -0.05
Deviation from the projected profile size [%] -3.7 1.2 29.9 -0.46
4. DISCUSION
Results of the analysis in gneiss can confirm the following:
Increasing advance from one blasting of 2.26 to 2.31 m, or an increasing usage coefficient of mines
hole from 0.86 to 0.89means greater length of advance from one blasting;
In innovative technology a slight decrease in total explosives quantity and initiation means for one
blasting in terms of existing technology can be seen;
In existing technology, the excavated profile is lower than projected, ie profile with an average area
of 10.67 m2 instead of the one with 10.8 m
2, and it presents a deviation of 3.7%. In innovative
technology, the excavated profile is higher than projected, or a profile with an average area of 10.93
Projected
Excavated
122
m2 instead of the one with 10.8 m
2, and it presents a deviation of 1.2%. From this we can see that we
have out of profile excavation in innovative technology, whilst bearing in mind a very slight
deviation which won’t have a significant impact on the supporting costs [2]. The reduction in cross-
section with existing technology may present a problem for normal technological process in some
cases.
In skarn, the following can be confirmed:
Increasing advance from one blasting of 1.65 to 2.11 m, or an increasing usage coefficient of mines
hole from 0.64 to 0.78 means greater length of advance from one blasting;
In innovative technology, the increasing of the total quantity of the explosives can be noted from
82.28 to 90.5 kg. This increasing in explosives quantity for one blasting was necessary because of
the poor results achieved with the existing technology in terms of the advance coefficient;
In existing technology, the excavated profile is significantly higher than projected, ie profile with an
average area of 14.03 m2
instead of the one with 10.8 m2
and it presents 29.9%. In innovative
technology, the excavated profile is slightly lower than projected, or a profile with an average area of
10.75 m2 instead of the one with 10.8 m
2, and it presents a deviation of -0.05% deviation. From this
we can see that we have out of profile excavation in innovative technology, resulting in greater
requirements in terms of supporting and thus making the mining facility costs significantly higher.
While the reduction in cross-section with innovative technology is negligible or almost coincides
with the projected profile, this in turn means good assessed parameters of drilling and blasting and
reducing the cost of mining facility construction.
5. CONCLUSION
Based on the results of horizontal mining facilities construction with existing and innovative technology,
it can be concluded that:
Greater advance is achieved by applying innovative technology in both working environments;
Cross section of constructed facility with innovative technology is much closer to the projected cross
section;
The biggest cross section deviation can be noted in skarn, meaningful 29.9%, which of course leads
to the conclusion that in this case, drilling and blasting parameters are not well chosen.
This research allows us to see the need for continuous monitoring of results in mining facilities
construction in order to identify gaps, optimize the parameters and introduce new techniques for
improvement of the construction quality thereof.
REFERENCES
1. Ivanovski, D., Pridones vo istražuvanjeto za kvalitetot na izrabotka na horizontalni rudarski
prostorii vo rudnikot za olovo i cink “SASA”, magisterski trud, Fakultet za prirodni i tehnički
nauki, Univerzitet “Goce Delčev”, Štip, 2015; 2. Doneva, N., at all, Cost Analysis in the Construction of Underground Mining Structures and
Opportunities for Their Reduction, The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin, 30 (2).
pp. 1-12, Zagreb, Croatia, 2015;
3. Doneva, N., Methodology for determination of functional dependence of expenditure by rock’s
type and size of the profile of construction horizontal mining facilities, Doctorate dissertation,
University “Goce Delcev” Stip, Macedonia;
4. Doneva, N., at all, Parametri na vlijanie pri izrabotka na horizontalna rudarska prostorija, V
stručno sovetuvanje na tema: Tehnologija na podzemna eksploatacija na mineralni surovini -
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