mining engineers

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THE TRIZ PROBLEM SOLVING

PROCESS

SOCIETY OF MINING

ENGINEEERS

NOVEMBER 5, 2002Jack Hipple

Innovation-TRIZ

813-994-9999

www.innovation-triz.com

INNOVATION-TRIZ,INC.




®Innovation-TRIZ, 2002

OBJECTIVES

Introduce you to the concepts of TRIZ

Ideality, resources, contradictions, patterns of invention

Change the way you think about problems

Introduce you to new ways to think aboutproblem solving--replace psychology withtechnology





WHAT TO USE TRIZ FOR

Level 2-4 problems

1--straightforward engineering design

2--simple contradictions

3--difficult design and manufacturingcontradictions

4--extremely difficult system designproblems (“intestine problems”)

5--invention of new science Level 4 can require looking at hundreds of

thousands of potential solutions and take manyyears of effort within an organization





FIRST LET’S

BENCHMARK….

The New Machine





WHAT IS “TRIZ” ?

A Russian acronym:

Theoria Resheneyva Isobretatelskehuh

Zadach

( Theory of Solving Problems Inventively)





THE HISTORY OF TRIZ Discovery of a talented patent examiner for the Russian navy,

Genrich Altshuller, 1950’s

Originated from the study of several hundred thousand of theworld’s most inventive patents--now in the millions

He recognized that the development of technological systems

follows predictable patterns that cut across ALL areas of technology--the speed of technical evolution can be accelerated

Also recognized that problem solving principles are alsopredictable and repeatable--anyone can invent!

Established schools to teach after a Stalin 7 yr. prison term--deceased in 1999 at age 71





MechanicalEffects &

Technology

Electrical &

Magnetic Effects& Technology

Chemical Effects

& Technology

T h e r m o - D y

n a m i

c s

P roblem

S olution

THE SOLUTION SPACETHE SOLUTION SPACE

®Ideation International



THE BAKER’S VIEW VS. A

CHEMICAL ENGINEER’S

The Waissenberg EffectWhen the motion of certain liquids is altered, the liquid achieves a highly plastic

state. This state is caused by stress which is normal to the plane of the altered

motion. For example, if a rotating shaft emerges from a pool of liquid, the liquid

will rise along the shaft. This effect is observed in solutions, in molten polymers,and in gels of low molecular weight. The effect is used to develop extruders that

do not use spiral impellers. A characteristic of this effect is that, as the speed of

motion increases, the stability of the flow decreases






Processing Sweet PeppersProcessing Sweet Peppers

PATTERNS OF INVENTIONPATTERNS OF INVENTION





WHAT IS THE “OPERATOR”?

“Slowly raise pressure and suddenly

reduce it”, OR even more generally,“store energy and release it”

A path to a solution

An approach to solving a problem A direction towards an answer





• Removing stems from bell peppersRemoving stems from bell peppers

• Removing shells form sunflower seedsRemoving shells form sunflower seeds

• Cleaning filtersCleaning filters

• Unpacking parts wrapped in protective paperUnpacking parts wrapped in protective paper

• Splitting diamonds along micro-cracksSplitting diamonds along micro-cracks

(+27 years after pepper patent)(+27 years after pepper patent)

• Producing sugar powder from sugar crystalsProducing sugar powder from sugar crystals

• Explosive depulpingExplosive depulping

PATTERNS OF INVENTIONPATTERNS OF INVENTION



“DEFALCATION”

Does anyone know what

this word means? What jargon do you use?

What does it mean?

“The purpose is to reduce/eliminate

defalcation when criminals use false ID to

impersonate real customers”



IDEALITY AND

RESOURCES

THE BASIC TRIZ PRINCIPLES

THAT UNDERLIE SYSTEMEVOLUTION AND PATTERNS OF

PROBLEM SOLVING






The ideal system performs a required function

without actually existing. The function is often performed using existing resources. ALL

systems evolve in this direction over time by

resolving contradictions.

Ideality

= All Useful FunctionsAll Harmful Functions

WHAT IS IDEALITY?WHAT IS IDEALITY?

®Ideation

International





LET’S REVISIT….

The New Machine





HOW DO WE GET TO IDEALITY?

TRIZ provides two generalapproaches for achieving close-to-

ideal solutions (that is, solutionswhich do not increase systemcomplexity):

Use of resources

Use of physical, chemical, geometricaland other effects (remember theWaissenberg effect?)

-





WHAT’S A RESOURCE FROM A

TRIZ PERSPECTIVE?

A resource:

is any substance (including waste)

available in the system or itsenvironment

has the functional and technological

ability to jointly perform additionalfunctions

is an energy reserve, free time,unoccupied space, information, etc.





RESOURCES -- WIRE EXAMPLE

ProblemZone

Copper Wire

AirVoltage

&Current






RESOURCES IN THE

WIRE EXAMPLE

WireCurrentVoltageAir

CopperContaminatesTypeAmount

DiameterLength

Shape of wireAmountForm of excitation signal(A/C)FrequencyAmountForm of excitation signal

(A/C)FrequencyHydrogenOxygenNitrogenCarbon TemperaturePressure, Velocity, Speed

Resistance

Magnetic Field

Oxidation

Moisture

CO/CO2

Cooling/HeatDissipation






RESOURCE CHECKLIST

Substances

Fields

Space

Time

Information

Functional





SOLVING A CONTACT

LENSE PROBLEM

Space resources

from the perspective of a contact lensemanufacturer

from the standpoint of a semi-conductor

manufacturer





Vibratory feed move pills around an internal spiral to top of vibratory bowl wherethe pills are discharge and slide down an incline plane onto a conveyor. As the

pills go by, the inspectors identify and remove the damaged pills.

Damaged Pills

Conveyor

Trash Can

PILL INSPECTION WORKSTATION

® Ideation International





SYSTEM PROPOSAL AND CHALLENGE

Replace inspectors with a $200K video inspection system

High return project, but capital is notavailable

Boss says, that’s a great idea, but

“Find another way!!”





GOOD PILLS/BAD PILLS

What is IDEALITY?

What are the RESOURCES we have?





Vibratory feed move pills around an internal spiral to top of vibratory bowl wherethe pills are discharge and slide down an incline plane onto a conveyor. As the

pills go by, the inspectors identify and remove the damaged pills.

Damaged Pills

Conveyor

Trash Can

PILL INSPECTION WORKSTATION

® Ideation International





An Elegant Solution: The Pill

Inspects Itself

Trash Can

Change the escapement for the vibratory bowl so that the pills are ejected standing on

their edge. Move the conveyor 3 inches. Pills that are round will roll at a velocity that

allows them to jump to the conveyor. The pills that are chipped will slide or will roll

at a lower velocity and fall into the trash.

Resource:

Velocity of the sliding or rolling pillsFunction (inspection of pills) is

performed without the system

(human inspectors or video

inspection system).



SECONDARY PROBLEMS--ONE OF THE

KEYS TO BREAKTHROUGH

INVENTIONS

“That’s a good idea,

but………

“The ideal solution would

be….., but I can’t achieve it

because….





SECONDARY PROBLEMS

May be the key to an invention

Quickest route to stop a new idea, BUTsecondary problems may be easier to solve

than the primary problem--we stop too early May be key to adoption of new technology

The way we normally deal with secondaryproblems and contradictions:

Live with it (“intestine problems”) Abandon the idea

Eliminate (resolve) it (takes a change inattitude as well as techniques)



HOW DO WE RESOLVE AND

HANDLECONTRADICTIONS?






THE CONTRADICTION TABLE

The first organized form of TRIZ

A little bulky and unwieldy without

computerization, but still useful inquick and dirty screening for solutions

Computerized in software products,

available on line at various web sites,in many publications

Applies to technical contradictions





Productivity

Level of Automation

Weight of Moving Object

Weight of

Nonmoving Object

1

2

39

38

Undesired

Result

(Degraded

Feature)

Feature

to Improve

• Possible contradictionsPossible contradictionsrepresented in 39 x 39 tablerepresented in 39 x 39 table

• Intersections of contradictingIntersections of contradictingrows and columns arerows and columns arereferences to 40 inventivereferences to 40 inventiveprinciples for contradictionprinciples for contradiction

eliminationelimination

28 Replace a mechanical system witha non mechanical system

27 An inexpensive short-life object instead

of an expensive durable one

18 Mechanical vibration

40 Composite materials

28 Replace a mechanical system with

a non mechanical system

27 An inexpensive short-life object instead

of an expensive durable one

18 Mechanical vibration

40 Composite materials

Productivity

Levelof

Automation

Weightof

NonmovingObject

Strength

14 38 392

Weightof

MovingObject

1

28, 27,

18, 40

Proposed Solution Pathways:

CONTRADICTION TABLECONTRADICTION TABLE



SEPARATION PRINCIPLES FOR

PHYSICAL CONTRADICTIONS(PARAMETERS OF A SYSTEM IN

CONFLICT)






Technical

Contradiction

Control Parameter, C

Physical

Contradiction

C should be high, and

C should be low

So:

A B

CONTRADICTIONSCONTRADICTIONS





• A characteristic must be higherA characteristic must be higher andand lower (self-lower (self-opposing)opposing)

• Example: An airplane wing should have largeExample: An airplane wing should have largearea for easy takeoff but small area for higherarea for easy takeoff but small area for higher

speedspeed• Example: A pen tip should be sharp to drawExample: A pen tip should be sharp to draw

fine lines, but blunt to avoid tearing the paperfine lines, but blunt to avoid tearing the paper

• A characteristic must be presentA characteristic must be present andand absentabsent

• Example: For sandblasting the abrasive mustExample: For sandblasting the abrasive mustbe present (to abrade) but is not wanted on (orbe present (to abrade) but is not wanted on (orin) the productin) the product

• Example: Aircraft landing gear are needed forExample: Aircraft landing gear are needed forlanding but undesired in flightlanding but undesired in flight

PHYSICAL CONTRADICTIONPHYSICAL CONTRADICTION





PLATING METAL PARTSPLATING METAL PARTS

• To plate metal parts with nickel they To plate metal parts with nickel theywere placed in a bath of nickel salt.were placed in a bath of nickel salt.

The bath was heated to increase the The bath was heated to increase the

productivity of the process. However,productivity of the process. However,heating reduced the stability of theheating reduced the stability of thesalt solution and it started tosalt solution and it started todecompose.decompose.

CONVERTING TECHNICALCONVERTING TECHNICAL





• Technical Contradiction Technical Contradiction

• Heating increases productivity (A), but wastesHeating increases productivity (A), but wastesmaterial (B)material (B)

• Control parameter is temperatureControl parameter is temperature

• Physical ContradictionPhysical Contradiction

• Temperature (C) should be high to increase Temperature (C) should be high to increaseproductivity and low to avoid wasteproductivity and low to avoid waste

A B

Control Parameter, C

CONVERTING TECHNICALCONVERTING TECHNICAL

CONTRADICTIONS TOCONTRADICTIONS TO

PHYSICAL CONTRADICTIONSPHYSICAL CONTRADICTIONS





• TRIZ seeks to eliminate the TRIZ seeks to eliminate thephysical contradiction byphysical contradiction byseparating the two contradictoryseparating the two contradictory

requirementsrequirements

•Separation in spaceSeparation in space

•Separation in timeSeparation in time•Separation between the partsSeparation between the partsand the wholeand the whole

•Separation upon conditionSeparation upon condition

PRINCIPLES OF SEPARATIONPRINCIPLES OF SEPARATION





PLATING METAL PARTSPLATING METAL PARTS

• To plate metal parts with nickel they To plate metal parts with nickel theywere placed in a bath of nickel salt.were placed in a bath of nickel salt.

The bath was heated to increase the The bath was heated to increase the

productivity of the process. However,productivity of the process. However,heating reduced the stability of theheating reduced the stability of thesalt solution and it started tosalt solution and it started todecompose.decompose.

INNOVATION TRIZ INC





• In the nickel plating of parts,In the nickel plating of parts,increased temperature is necessaryincreased temperature is necessaryonly in proximity to the parts. Toonly in proximity to the parts. To

accomplish this, the partsaccomplish this, the partsthemselves may be heated, ratherthemselves may be heated, ratherthan the solution.than the solution.

®Ideation International-

SEPARATION IN SPACESEPARATION IN SPACE

INNOVATION TRIZ INC




®Innovation-TRIZ, 2002Anticipatory Failure Determination is a registered trademark

of Ideation International

OTHER TRIZ TOOLS...

“Reverse” TRIZ for failure analysisand prediction

Lines and patterns of evolution fortechnological forecasting and patentfilings/circumvention

INNOVATION TRIZ INC





THE BASIC STEPS OF AFD™

Formulate original problem

Invert the original problem

Amplify the inverted problem Search for information and resources

Hypothesis, tests, and correction

INNOVATION TRIZ INC





ADVANCED SOFTWARE

Allows graphical formulation of problems to seecontradictions

Enhances understanding of system

Problem areas are visible

contradictions

items which initiate harm

inter-relationships

Allows inventory and retrieval of examples

Linkage of solution directions with operators and examples

INNOVATION TRIZ INCCHEMICAL





+ =+ =

Undesired mix

CHEMICAL

PRODUCTION

+ =

Undesired mixDesired mix

A B

INNOVATION TRIZ INC

Ch i l P d ti





Chemical Production

Problem Formulator Diagram

INNOVATION-TRIZ INCCHEMICAL





Basic Problem Statements

1. Find an alternative way to obtain [the] (Purification),

that eliminates, reduces or prevents [the] (Non-

reacted products).

2. Find a way to enhance [the] (Purification).

3. Find a way to do without [the] (Purification) for elimination, reduction or prevention of [the]

(Non-reacted products).

4. Find a way to increase the effectiveness of eliminating

[the] (Non-reacted products) by using [the](Purification).

5. Find an alternative way to eliminate, reduce or

prevent [the] (Non-reacted products).

INNOVATION-TRIZ INC

PROBLEM FORMULATOR DIAGRAM



INNOVATION TRIZ,INC.


PROBLEM FORMULATOR DIAGRAM

INNOVATION-TRIZ INC





Chemical Production

REFINED Problem Statements for a Selected Box

1. Change the undesired action of [the] (Drops of

liquid A meet).

2. Consider easy and timely detection of the action of [the]

(Drops of liquid A meet) or its undesired results.

3. Provide a counteraction to the undesired

action of [the] (Drops of liquid A meet).

4. Introduce isolation of the undesired action of [the] (Dropsof liquid A meet).

5. Exclude the source of the undesired action of [the]

(Drops of liquid A meet).


WORKING WITH KNOWLEDGE BASE





WORKING WITH KNOWLEDGE BASE






Working with Knowledge Base




,






+ + + - =

CHEMICAL PRODUCTION WITH ELECTRICAL CONTROL

+ + No undesired mix No undesired mixDesired mix

+ -

A B





123

56789

n

4

123456789

n

To

CorrespondingSolutions

ManyTypical

Problems

Many Typical

Recommendationsfor

Solutions(Knowledge base)

A large number of

typical problems are

available for

consideration

TRIZ help to marrow

the search to amanageable range of

typical problems

For each typical

problem, there are one

or more potential

solutions

Prism

of TRIZ -Analytical

tools





IN CONCLUSION…...

TRIZ is both a powerful problemdefinition and solution tool

It changes the way we think aboutproblems

It adds value to many other problem

definition and solution tools,including QFD





CHALLENGES IN USING

A disciplined process

The effort is up front in defining the problem Frequently combined with QFD and Six Sigma

An exhaustive solution set--are you preparedto handle and analyze?

Makes everyone an innovator, not just a few

Potentially seen as a threat by a few





SOME USERS

Motorola

Dow Chemical

BP/Amoco Unilever

S.C. Johnson

Boeing

Intel




RESOURCES

Annual Altshuller conference, St. Louis, 4/16-18/03,Philadelphia, Altshuller Institute, www.aitriz.org

Monthly newsletter from Innovation-TRIZ (free)

TRIZ Journal, on line at

www.triz-journal.com (free)

Books “And Suddenly the Inventor Appeared”, Altshuller

“Hands On Systematic Innovation”, Mann

“TRIZ: The Right Solution at the Right Time”, Salamatov “The Engineering of Creativity”, Savransky

“Simplified TRIZ”, Rantanen and Domb

mining engineers

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