ministry of food and agriculture - world bank...ministry of food and agriculture (mofa) esmf for the...

Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA)

ESMF for the Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project_ October 2011 Draft Report

MINISTRY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Ghana Commercial

Agriculture Project (GCAP)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

(ESMF)

FINAL REPORT

November, 2011

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Government of Ghana has received an advance on the proceeds of a credit from the International Development Agency (IDA – World Bank Group) to finance the preparation of the proposed Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP). The project preparation is under the overall responsibility of Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA). The development objective of GCAP is to improve the investment climate for agri-business and establish inclusive PPPs aimed at increasing on-farm productivity and value addition in selected value chains in the Accra Plains and the Northern regions (SADA). The activities will trigger the environmental assessment policy (OP.4.01). The impacts here will range from small scale and site specific to larger infrastructure investment projects associated with category A projects of the World Bank as well as trigger sections of the Environmental Assessment Regulations of the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Since the GCAP is evolving, the appropriate instrument at this stage is the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)1. Purpose of the ESMF The general framework for the assessment and management of environmental and social safeguards of developments/projects in Ghana is provided in the Environmental Assessment (EA) Regulations - Legislative Instrument (LI) 1652. Some development partners however, have their respective Environmental and Social (E&S) safeguards procedures and policies which must be followed for projects funded by them. As part of the funding arrangements for the GCAP therefore, the World Bank’s E&S safeguards policies (OP/BP 4.01) applies. This requires the preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) along with an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). The features of the GCAP which make an ESMF the appropriate requirement under the Bank’s OP/BP 4.01 are listed below. The GCAP has:

A number of sub-projects and components; Various developmental stages to be carried out in modules; Sub-projects spread over a wide geographic area Implementation phases and duration spread over 5 years; and Design of the sub-projects and exact locations for implementation, as well as impacts are

not yet determined at this stage.

The ESMF spells out the E&S safeguards, institutional arrangements and capacity required to use the framework. This ensures that sub-projects under the GCAP meet the national and local E&S requirements, and also consistent with OP/BP 4.01 and OP/BP 4.12 (of the Bank). The ESMF sets out basic principles and processes within which the

1 - This report is prepared by SAL Consult Limited, P. O. Box GP20200, Accra-Ghana



sub-projects are implemented agreeable to all parties. The other objectives of the ESMF include:

Assessment of potential adverse E&S impacts commonly associated with the sub-projects and the way to avoid, minimize or mitigate them;

Establishment of clear procedures and methodologies for the E&S planning, review, approval and implementation of sub-projects;

Development of an ESA screening/initial assessment system to be used for sub-projects; and

Specification of roles and responsibilities and the necessary reporting procedures for managing and monitoring sub-project E&S concerns.

The Proposed Project The proposed project would have two components, with the first being focused on improving the overall investment climate for agricultural development in Ghana, and the second more directly targeting private sector led agricultural investment involving smallholder farmers through PPP arrangements. The second component would initially be focused in the Northern and Accra Plains regions but, depending upon outcomes, could be extended to other areas. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The policy, legislation and institutional procedures of Ghana and those of the World Bank, which are relevant to the sector and GCAP and therefore considered included:

National environmental requirements; National labour, safety and health requirements; International and regional requirements; and World Bank operational Safeguards requirements.

The major national policy documents comprise the Medium Term National Development Policy Framework (Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda- GSGDA)), 2010 to 2013 and the PPP Policy Document (MoFEP, 2011). The regulatory framework is underpinned by the Constitution of the Republic of Ghana 1992, and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture is spearheading the institutional effort. The EPA Act 1994 (Act 490) and Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999 LI1652 establish

procedures for an ESIA process in Ghana. The World Bank is guided by policies/ procedures to ensure the safe development of projects it is funding. The relevant WB safeguards policies triggered by the projects include :OP/BP, 4.01 Environmental Assessment , OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats, OP/BP 4.09 Pest Management , OP/BP4.11 Physical Cultural Resources , OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement , OP/BP 4.36 Forests , OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams , and OP/BP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways .



The World Bank safeguard policies override the Ghana policies should there be any discrepancy. Project Areas The project location is within the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) Regions and Accra Plains Regions of Ghana. The SADA Regions comprise Upper East Region, Upper West Region, Northern Region and northern parts of the Volta and Brong Ahafo Regions. Accra Plains Project Area The project area called Accra Plains is located south of the country. It is bounded on the west by the river Dechidaw crossing Dawhenya that extends to Kpong dam. On the south, it is bounded by Accra‐Ada Highway and on the North and East by Volta region. The plains are an advantageous area for irrigation because of its proximity to major agricultural products markets and also its easy access to the port and airport facilitates export. In addition, Accra plains are drained from their eastern border by Volta River downstream of Kpong hydropower dam. The Districts concerned by Accra Plains Irrigation Project are: Yilo Krobo District, South Tongu District, North Tongu District, Dangbe East District and Dangbe West. The entire project area of 11,000 ha falls under two customary settings. They are; the Osudoku Traditional Area and the North Tongu Traditional Area. Customary land ownership in the form of family lands is the main type of land ownership within the project area. Family lands are vested in the head of the family and is not under government control. They are governed by customary laws prescribed by the local community. Other forms of land ownership within the project area include public land and individual land owners. The SADA Regions The Northern Savanna forms more than half of the total Ghana land surface cover of about 239,000 square km (23.9 million ha). The project area lies between latitudes 80 and 110 N and longitude 10 E and 30W. Togo bound it to the east, Burkina Faso to the north, Cote d'lvoire to the west and the high forest ecological zone to the south. The economy of the northern savanna ecological zone is based mainly on agriculture, which is the basis of livelihood for a majority of the population. The small-scale family holding is the basic unit of production. Most of the project area falls within the Guinea Savanna zone, although activities may extend into a small area of Sudan Savanna in the extreme northeast corner of the country. Gender Issues As part of the STUDI study in 2009, a gender survey was conducted in the Accra Plains project area which concluded that the main challenges women face are in respect of Access to credit, Land acquisition, high illiteracy rate among women, and disparity in education between boys and girls, Reproductive health issues, Market for produce, Storage, and Property rights. These concerns are even more important in the SADA regions. Some recommendations made were in respect of: women farmers to be fully involved in the planning and implementation of the



project, Chiefs and elders of the community to be sensitised to involve women in decision making; Various land policies should be gender friendly and accessible, and Special credit scheme with focus on women. Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

The following major stakeholders were consulted for role identification and for potential environmental and social impacts likely to arise from the GCAP implementation:

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Affected District and Municipal Assemblies; Ministry of Health (MoH); Project catchment communities; Lands Commission (LC); Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA); Forestry Commission/Wildlife Division (WD); Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MEST); and NGOs. CBOs GIDA

The potential GCAP facilities to be provided and associated activities will include provision of irrigation facilities, post harvest infrastructure and agro- processing. The likely associated activities will comprise dam and road construction, extension of power supply from the existing national grid river diversions, water abstraction, construction of irrigation canals, plantation development (agricultural fields), construction of storage facilities, installation of machinery and waste disposal. The impacts have been categorized into beneficial and adverse impacts.

Beneficial impacts include:

Flood Control, Water Resources Conservation, Improved soil conservation, Increased farm incomes from crop output, Food Security, Poverty Alleviation, Raised Rural Income, Improved nutrition, Employment creation for community members, and Empowerment of farmers

Adverse impacts and their significance:



Some of the major potential environmental issues/impacts arising from project activities and their impacts significance are listed in the table below. Potential project activities and associated potential adverse environmental and social impacts issues and its significance

No Projects and Associated Activities

Potential Major Environmental and Social Impact Issues

Environmental Significance

1. Dams Water pollution Soil erosion Flooding Alteration of hydrological regime Destruction of flora and fauna habitat Changes in biodiversity Resettlement related issues Land take Spread of disease Altered downstream water uses Micro climate changes Dam failure

Moderate Moderate Major Major Major Major Major Major Major Major Moderate Moderate

2 Diversion of rivers Water pollution Flooding Alteration of hydrological regime Destruction of flora and fauna habitat Changes in biodiversity Resettlement related issues Land take

Moderate Moderate Major Major Major Moderate Moderate

3 Irrigation canals Water pollution Flooding Alteration of hydrological regime Destruction of flora and fauna habitat Changes in biodiversity Resettlement related issues Water related diseases Land take

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Major Moderate

4 Access roads

Dust and noise pollution Water pollution Solid waste disposal Waste oil/ fuel disposal Public health and safety Traffic congestion and delays Land take

Major Moderate Moderate Moderate Major Minor Minor

5 Power supply

Land take Resettlement related issues Air quality deterioration Noise/ vibration Public safety Fire management

Minor Minor Minor Moderate Minor Moderate

6 Plantation development (agricultural fields)

Water pollution Soil erosion Flooding Alteration of hydrological regime

Major Major Moderate Moderate



No Projects and Associated Activities

Potential Major Environmental and Social Impact Issues

Environmental Significance

Destruction of flora and fauna habitat Changes in biodiversity Resettlement related issues Soil and land degradation Agro chemical usage Pest management Groundwater pollution Micro climate changes Salinization Fire management (bush fire)

Major Major Major Major Major Major Moderate Moderate Major Major

7 Agro processing facilities

Land clearing- vegetation loss Air quality deterioration Noise Water pollution Changes in aquatic life and habitat Occupational safety Public safety Solid waste disposal

Moderate Minor Moderate Major Major Major Moderate Major

Social Impact

8 General Livelihood loss Community disruption Cultural heritage site Increase in women work burden Loss of land for women Loss of land for land-poor Loss of access to non-cash or food crops- medicinal plots Exclusion of community voice in transactions between investors and traditional authorities

Major Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Major Moderate Major

Environmental and Social Mitigation Principles

The ESMF considered a number of mitigation and enhancement measures and also principles for implementation to ensure that GCAP become socially acceptable, environmentally sound and sustainable. The measures include:

Mitigation principles for the effects of land acquisition Rural economy enhancement principles; Population influx control principles; HIV/AIDS prevention and management principles; Socio-cultural conflicts prevention principles; Gender and vulnerable groups impacts mitigation principles; Air quality control principles; Health and safety principles;



Water resources protection principles; Wildlife habitat protection principles;

ESMF Implementation The successful implementation of the ESMF depends on the commitment of MOFA and related institutions, the capacity within the institutions and the appropriate and functional institutional arrangements among others. The MOFA, GIDA, Lands Commission, MEST, MoFEP and EPA have been involved in the preparation and the review of the ESMF. The key ESMF implementation areas and the relevant institutional roles as well as the institutional arrangement and collaboration for successful implementation of the ESMF of the GCAP have been determined and outlined. The E&S monitoring and reporting roles and responsibilities have within institutions and among the stakeholders have been mapped out.

Environmental and Social Management Plan A social and environmental screening process, selection and evaluation of GCAP projects are required to manage both environmental and social aspects of these activities, preferably in a participatory manner with beneficiary communities, including women and vulnerable groups. MoFA will use this checklist to screen all potential projects and report accordingly as part of the usual project formulation (feasibility phase) exercise. Summary of Environmental and Social Screening Process and Responsibilities

No. Stage Institutional responsibility

Implementation responsibility

1. Screening of Environmental and Social Infrastructure Project to assist in project formulation using checklist

MoFA Environmental and Social Officer

Statutory Environmental and Social Registration of PPP project


2. Determination of appropriate environmental and social assessment level/ category

EPA/ MoFA Environmental and Social Officer

2.1 Selection validation World Bank Environmental and Social Officer

3. Implementation of environmental and social assessment


3.1 If ESIA is necessary

3.1a Preparation and Validation of terms of reference

MoFA/World Bank Environmental and Social Officer

3.1b Selection of Consultant MoFA/ Procurement Office

Environmental Officer/ Procurement Officer/ Safeguards Specialist



No. Stage Institutional responsibility

Implementation responsibility

3.1c Realization of the ESIA, Public Consultation and Participation, Integration of environmental and social management plan issues/clauses in the tendering and project implementation,

MoFA/ Procurement Office/ Consultancy firm/ Contractor

Environmental and Social Officer/ Procurement Officer

4 Review and Approval EPA/ World Bank -

4.1 ESIA Approval (B1) EPA/ World Bank - 4.2 Approval simple measures (B2&c) MoFA Environmental and

Social Officer/ Project Manager

5. Participatory Public Consultation and disclosure

MoFA/EPA/ World Bank

EO/Contractor/Consultant

6. Surveillance and monitoring Implementing agency/EPA/ World Bank/ MoFEP

Environmental and Social Officer/ Safeguards Specialist

7 Development of monitoring indicators MoFA Environmental and Social Officer /Safeguards Consultant

Participatory Monitoring Plans and Indicators Participatory Monitoring Plans have been developed to support the implementation at the project level. These are given in the report and include description of the impact issues, proposed mitigation actions, monitoring indicators, verification, and responsibilities by all parties involved in the GCAP projects. Institutional capacity The capacity building requirements will mostly be in the form of training programs. Training workshops/ seminars on the ESMF/RPF and the World Bank safeguard policies would be organized for MoFA and GIDA (head office and regional offices) as well as the Private sector (Project consultants/contractors). The following additional training areas have been identified: Environmental and Social Screening Checklist Completion of EPA EA Registration Forms Preparation of Terms of Reference for ESIA Environmental and Social Clauses in Contractors’ contract and bidding documents. The total cost is estimated at US$259,000. Public consultation and Participation Numerous persons and institutions were consulted in the project regions in the process of preparing this ESMF. In addition, two (2) public consultations and participation workshops were held in the Accra Plains and in Tamale (SADA regions) which were attended by over 105 stakeholders including farming communities and NGOs. The EPA was fully represented in



these meetings and provided assurances of full support to the project. Capacity and gender including the poor and most vulnerable groups issues were highlighted and suggestions provided for technical training and developmental assistance.



LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EC Energy Commission ESIA Environmental and Social impacts Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework GCAP Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project GIDA Ghana Irrigation Development Authority GCAPC Ghana Investment Promotion Council GoG Government of Ghana IEA Institute for Economic Affairs IFF Infrastructure Finance Facility LVB Land Valuation Board MDAs Ministries, Departments and Agencies MOFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture MOFEP Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning NDPC National Development Planning Commission NGO Non Governmental Organisation PPP Public Private Partnership PURC Public Utilities Regulatory Commission RCC Regional Coordinating Council RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SADA Savannah Accelerated Development Authority VRA Volta River Authority WB World Bank WRC Water Resources Commission



Table of Content

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 2

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 11

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... 13

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................. 13

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 14

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE ESMF ........................................................................................................................ 15 1.3 RATIONALE FOR THE ESMF ................................................................................................................. 16 1.4 APPROACH FOR THE PREPARATION OF ESMF ..................................................................................... 16

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE GHANA COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE PROJECT (GCAP) ...... 18

2.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE AND APPROACH ....................................................................................... 18 2.3 PROJECT SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................... 19

3.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ........................................................... 20

3.1 NATIONAL AND SECTOR POLICY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................... 20 3.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................. 23 3.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................... 24 3.4 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT IN GHANA ....................................................................... 27

3.4.1 ESIA Procedures and Activities .................................................................................................. 27 3.5 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES ................................................................................................. 28 3.6 WB SAFEGUARDS POLICIES AND GHANA EPA ASSESSMENT REGULATIONS .................................... 29 3.7 IFC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ......................................................................................................... 29

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS OF PROJECT AREAS ........ 30

4.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 30 4.2 ACCRA PLAINS PROJECT AREA ............................................................................................................ 31 4.3 THE SADA REGIONS ............................................................................................................................ 52 4.4 GENDER AND VULNERABLE GROUPS ISSUES ....................................................................................... 58

5.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND SIGNIFICANCE ............ 63

5.1 GCAP AND ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................. 63 5.2 PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ................................ 64 5.3 DETERMINATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACTS .............................. 66

6.0 MITIGATION GUIDELINES .............................................................................................................. 70

6.1 APPLICABLE WB SAFEGUARD POLICIES ............................................................................................... 70 6.2 MITIGATION CONSIDERATIONS AND OPTIONS ..................................................................................... 70 6.3 RECOMMENDED MITIGATION MEASURES ............................................................................................. 71

7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................... 78

7.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS ................................................................. 79 7.2 ESIA PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED FOR GCAP PROJECTS .............................................................. 80 7.3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS .................................................................................. 84

7.3.1 Technical specifications ............................................................................................................... 84 7.3.2 Environmental standards ............................................................................................................ 85

7.4 PARTICIPATORY MONITORING PLANS AND INDICATORS .............................................................. 85



8.0 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION .............................................. 93

8.1 INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY ....................................................................................... 93 8.2 CAPACITY BUILDING REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 94 8.3 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS ...................................................................................................................... 95

9.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE97

9.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION ....................................................................... 97 9.2 ESMF DISCLOSURE ............................................................................................................................... 97

10.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...................................................................................... 98

ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................................101

List of Figures

FIGURE 1: PROJECT REGIONS UNDER GCAP ...................................................................................................... 32 FIGURE 2: ANNUAL RAINFALL (1961-200) FOR ADA STATION ......................................................................... 34 FIGURE 3: ANNUAL RAINFALL AKUSE (1945-1990) .......................................................................................... 35 FIGURE 4: LAND USES IN THE PROJECT AREA .................................................................................................... 47 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES ......................................................................... 28 TABLE 2: MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE RECORDED IN THE PROJECT AREA (°C) .......................................... 33 TABLE 3: MONTHLY EVAPORATION RECORDED IN THE PROJECT AREA (MM/DAY) .......................................... 33 TABLE 4: MONTHLY POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RECORDED IN THE PROJECT ZONE (MM/DAY) ......... 33 TABLE 5: AVERAGE MONTHLY SUNSHINE RECORDED BY THE PROJECT AREA SYNOPTIC STATIONS (HOURS/DAY)

................................................................................................................................................................... 34 TABLE 6: MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY RECORDED IN THE PROJECT AREA (%) ............................................. 34 TABLE 7: FISH SPECIES IN THE WATER BODIES IN THE PROJECT ZONE ............................................................. 40 TABLE 8: LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN THE NORTH TONGU DISTRICT ............................................................... 42 TABLE 9: ESTIMATED BIRTH, MORTALITY AND GROWTH RATES FOR LIVESTOCK SPECIES REARED IN THE NORTH

TONGU DISTRICT IN 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 43 TABLE 10: AVERAGE HERD AND FLOCK SIZES OF LIVESTOCK IN THE PROJECT AREA ....................................... 43 TABLE 11: POPULATION OF SETTLEMENTS WITHIN THE 5,000HA STUDIED BY STUDI (2009) .......................... 45 TABLE 12: POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR THE PROJECT ZONE (2014-2044) .................................................. 46 TABLE 13: LAND USES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA ........................................................................................... 46 TABLE 14: ENROLMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE PROJECT ZONE ............................................................ 47 TABLE 15: ENROLMENT IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE PROJECT ZONE ..................................................... 48 TABLE 16: PROJECT ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................... 63 TABLE 17: SOME PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

IMPACTS ISSUES .......................................................................................................................................... 68 TABLE 18: WB SAFEGUARDS POLICIES LIKELY TO BE TRIGGERED ..................................................................... 70 TABLE 19: MITIGATING POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS /CONCERNS .......................... 72 TABLE 20: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............. 83 TABLE 21: PROJECT MONITORING INDICATORS AND RESPONSIBILITIES............................................................. 87 TABLE 22: ESTIMATED BUDGET TO IMPLEMENT ESMF ...................................................................................... 95 TABLE 23: GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................................................................... 99

REPUBLIC OF GHANA

MINISTRY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE (MOFA)

GHANA COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE PROJECT

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)

FINAL REPORT

December 2011


RPF for Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP). Draft Final Report. December 2011. Page 1

Table of Contents

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... IV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... VI

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF) .................................................................................... 2

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AREAS ........................................................................................................... 3

2.1 ACCRA PLAINS .................................................................................................................................................. 3

2.2 THE SADA REGIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 14

2.3 GENDER AND VULNERABLE GROUPS RELATED ISSUES ............................................................................................. 16

3.0 JUSTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................................. 20

3.1 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION .................................................................................................................................... 20

3.2 PROPOSED PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 20

3.3 PROJECT COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................................... 20

4.0 RELEVANT LEGAL, REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................. 22

4.1 RELEVANT NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................... 22

4.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................. 25

4.3 ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS ........................................................................................................................ 28

5.0 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES ................................................................................................... 30

5.1 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ................................................................................................................... 30

5.2 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICY ON INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT ....................................................................... 31

5.3 GAPS BETWEEN GHANA REGULATIONS AND WORLD BANK POLICIES ......................................................................... 32

6.0 POTENTIAL PROJECT IMPACTS ON ASSETS AND LIVELIHOODS ............................................................... 34

6.1 OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................... 34

6.2 ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL IMPACTS ....................................................................................................................... 34

7.0 PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES AND PROCCESSES ........................................................................................... 36

7.1 PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................................. 36

7.2 PROCESSES .................................................................................................................................................... 38

8.0 ELIGIBILITY, ENTITLEMENTS AND VALUATION ....................................................................................... 43

8.1 DESCRIPTION OF ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ................................................................................................................. 43

8.2 GENERIC ENTITLEMENT MATRIX .......................................................................................................................... 44

8.2.1 Host communities and Vulnerable Groups ............................................................................................ 47

8.3 METHODS OF VALUING AFFECTED ASSETS ........................................................................................................... 48

8.3.1 Basis of Valuation .................................................................................................................................. 48

8.3.2 Valuation Method .................................................................................................................................. 48

8.4 COMPENSATION PAYMENT PROCEDURE .............................................................................................................. 49



8.5 ENGAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATORY CONSULTATION WITH PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS (PAPS) .................................... 49

9.0 PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES...................................................................................................... 51

9.1 MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................................................................................... 51

9.1.1 Livelihood restoration measures ............................................................................................................ 51

10.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) ............................................................................................. 53

10.1 OBJECTIVE ..................................................................................................................................................... 53

10.2 THE GRIEVANCE REDRESS PROCESS .................................................................................................................... 53

10.2.1 Dissatisfaction and Alternative Actions ............................................................................................. 54

10.2.2 Financing, Documentation and Tracing ............................................................................................. 55

10.3 SCHEDULE TEMPLATE FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................ 55

11.0 PROPOSED ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR PREVENTION AND MITIGATION . 57

12.0 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ................................................... 59

12.1 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ....................................................................................................................... 59

12.2 RESETTLEMENT MANAGEMENT TEAMS ............................................................................................................... 59

12.3 SEQUENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES .......................................................................................... 60

12.4 PROCEDURES FOR DELIVERY OF ENTITLEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 60

13.0 BUDGET AND FUNDING ........................................................................................................................ 63

13.1 ESTIMATED BUDGET TO IMPLEMENT RPF ............................................................................................................ 63

13.2 BUDGET FOR PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RAPS .................................................................................. 63

14.0 PARTICIPATORY MONITORING AND EVALUATION PLAN ........................................................................ 64

14.1 INTERNAL MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................................... 64

15.0 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND DISCLOSURE OF RPF ............................................ 67

15.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ............................................................................................... 67

15.2 DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 69

16.0 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 70

ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................................... 71

ANNEX 1: COMPENSATION CLAIM FORM .................................................................................................................. 72

ANNEX 2: COMPENSATION RECEIPT FOR CLAIMANT .................................................................................................... 73

ANNEX 3: GRIEVANCE AND RESOLUTION FORM .......................................................................................................... 74

ANNEX 4: FRAMEWORK FOR THE CENSUS OF AFFECTED ASSETS AND AFFECTED PEOPLE ..................................................... 75

ANNEX 5: RAP OUTLINE ........................................................................................................................................ 78

ANNEX 6: ARP OUTLINE ........................................................................................................................................ 81

ANNEX 7: TEMPLATE FOR THE PREPARATION OF BUDGETS TO PREPARE AND IMPLEMENT RAPS ............................................ 82



LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AREAS............................................................................................................................ 5

FIGURE 2: PROPOSED PROCESS FOR PROJECT COMPONENT WITHOUT INVOLUNTARY LAND ACQUISITION ............................................ 40

FIGURE 3: PROPOSED PROCESS FOR PROJECT COMPONENT WITH INVOLUNTARY LAND ACQUISITION .................................................. 41

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: POPULATION OF SOME MAJOR SETTLEMENTS WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA .......................................................................... 6

TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES .................................................................................................... 30

TABLE 3: COMPARISON OF GHANAIAN REGULATIONS WITH WORLD BANK POLICIES ...................................................................... 32

TABLE 4: POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS/ ISSUES ........................................................................................................... 34

TABLE 5: GENERAL GUIDELINES AND METHODS FOR COSTS PREPARATION ..................................................................................... 43

TABLE 6: ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................................. 44

TABLE 7: THE ENTITLEMENT MATRIX FOR COMPENSATION ISSUES FOR THE PROJECTS IS GIVEN IN THE TABLE BELOW. ............................ 45

TABLE 8: PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SOME POTENTIAL IMPACTS ............................................................................... 51

TABLE 9: SCHEDULE TEMPLATE FOR GRIEVANCE REDRESS WITH RESPONSIBLE AGENCY/PERSONS ..................................................... 55

TABLE 10: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................ 57

TABLE 11: SEQUENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION TASKS AND INSTITUTIONS ........................................................................................ 60

TABLE 12: ESTIMATED BUDGET FOR TRAINING AND AWARENESS CREATION TOWARD RPF IMPLEMENTATION .................................... 63



LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AP Accra Plains

ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

CSO Civil Society Organisation

CWSA Community Water and Sanitation Agency

DA District Assembly

DDA District Director Agricultural

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation

FASDEP II Food and Agriculture Sector Development Policy (Phase Two)

FBO Farmer Based Organisation

FC Forestry Commission

GCAP Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project

GIDA Ghana Irrigation Development Authority

GoG Government of Ghana

IDA International Development Agency

LC Lands Commission

LI Legislative Instrument

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MDA Ministry Departments and Agency

MEST Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology

MLNR Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources

MoFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture

NGO‐ Non‐Governmental Organisation

PMP Pest Management Plan

PPP Public Private Partnership

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

SADA Savanna Accelerated Development Authority

SESA‐ Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment

TA Technical Assistant

TOR Terms of Reference

UER/ UWR Upper East Region/Upper West Region

WRC Water Resources Commission



This Report has been prepared by

SAL Consult Limited P O Box GP20200, Accra‐Ghana

October 2011



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

The development of a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is both a way to comply with the

triggering of the Involuntary Resettlement policy (OP/BP 4.12) and a requirement for projects that

may entail involuntary resettlement, acquisition of land, impact on livelihood, or restricted access

to natural resources under the World Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement. The RPF

will provide project stakeholders with procedures to address compensation issues as related to

affected properties/ livelihoods including land and income generated activities during project

implementation.

Brief Description of Project

The Government of Ghana has received an advance on the proceeds of a credit from the

International Development Agency (IDA – World Bank Group) to finance the preparation of the

Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP). The project preparation is under the overall

responsibility of Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA). The development objective of GCAP is

to improve the investment climate for agri‐business and establish inclusive Public Private

Partnerships (PPPs) aimed at increasing on‐farm productivity and value addition in selected value

chains in both the Accra Plains and the Savanna Accelerated Development Authority (SADA)

regions. GCAP is a World Bank category A project and a Ghana EPA ESIA –mandatory undertaking.

World Bank safeguard policies require that MoFA effectively assesses and mitigates the potential

environmental and social impacts of the projects proposed activities.

Description of Project Areas

The project location is within the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) Regions

and the Accra Plains of Ghana. The SADA Regions comprise Upper East Region, Upper West

Region, Northern Region, and northern parts of Brong Ahafo and Volta Regions. The Accra Plains

project area extends across mainly 4 districts, i.e., Dangbe West and Dangbe East of Greater Accra

Region, North and South Tongu of Volta Region.

Accra Plains

Most of settlements in the project area are rural by population and function. The only exceptions

to this general classification are Battor and Mepe which are urban by population and function.

Aveyime is urban by population but elements of a rural agrarian economy manifest within the

spatial configuration, housing characteristics and economic life of the town. Local populace in the

project area is made up several ethnic groups. These are Ga‐Dangmes, Ewes, Akans, Guan and

Mole Dagbani. Ga‐Dangme group is the majority of Dangme West and Dangme East District, and

Ewe group occupies more than 90% in North Tongu District Land in the project area can be

categorized under two tradition ownerships, Stool Lands and Family Lands. Customary land

ownership in the form of family lands is the main type of land ownership within the project area.



SADA Regions

The main ethnic groups in the project pilot areas include the Dagbani, Mamprusi and Gonja in the

Northern Region, Dagaaba and Sisala in the Upper West Region, Builsa, Kassena, Nankani,

Grunnie, Nabdam and Kussasi in the Upper East Region. In all these ethnic patrilineal inheritance

is the norm and traditional authority is vested in the chief, who sits on a skin, an acknowledged

symbol of identity of the group and authority. The majority of people in the three northern

regions are traditionally crop and livestock farmers, growing cereals, root and tubers and keeping

livestock, mainly goats, cattle and sheep for subsistence and gain. Outside farming season

activities include farm produce processing and marketing, livestock grazing and "pastoralling",

bush fire prevention and control and renovations/rehabilitation of residential accommodation.

Cattle husbandry plays an important role in the socio‐economic life of people of the three regions.

In the Upper West and Upper East regions, ownership of land is vested in the Tindanas

(Landowners), while in the Gonja area of the Northern Region the land‐owning authority are the

"skins" or chiefs. In most parts of the SADA regions undeveloped and unoccupied land may be

described as communal lands and subject to common rights. These lands need to be allocated by

the traditional authority and may be subject to traditional user rights of local communities.

Relevant Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Framework

The legal and institutional framework in Ghana over land administration, land tenure, and land

expropriation is complex. The National Land Policy was prepared in 1999, and the on‐going Land

Administration Project (LAP) seek among other things, to streamline the myriads of laws

regulating land administration and/ or establishing mandates for different land administration

agencies in the country. Among the numerous land‐related laws passed in the last 50 years, the

most relevant to GCAP Programme are:

The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992;

The Lands Commission Act 2008, Act 767.

The State Lands Act 1962, Act 125 and Amendments;

Survey Act 1962, Act 127;

The Lands (Statutory Wayleaves) Act, 1963;

Land Title Registration Act 1986, PNDCL 152 and Regulations 1986 LI 1341;

Office of the Administrator of Stool Lands Act 1994, Act 481; and

The key institutions responsible for administration of lands and or resettlement activities in line

with this RPF include:

The Public and Vested Lands Management Division of the Lands Commission;

Land Valuation Division of the Lands Commission;

Land Registration Division of the Lands Commission;

Survey and Mapping Division of the Lands Commission;

Environmental Protection Agency;

The Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies;

Department of Town & Country Planning; and

Traditional Authorities e.g., Chiefs.



Potential Social Impacts Associated with the Project

No. Type of Impact Description of Potential Impact/Issue Social Significance

Social Environment

1 Involuntary Resettlement

SADA RegionsPossible cases of involuntary resettlement are expected during construction of warehouses and farmlands. Accra Plains Regions The project in the Accra Plains will involve the need to physically move people or displace their rights to use land as a result of the construction of irrigation canals and farmlands.

Major Major

2 Local economy such as employment and livelihood, etc.

SADA Regions and Accra Plains RegionsLand will be cleared during the land preparation stage when the project is fully operational. It is estimated that pastoralists likely to lose grazing grounds for their livestock. Accra Plains Regions Animal husbandry is one of main source of local economy. Irrigation canals likely to block cattle grazing, if cattle crossing point is not provided.

Major Moderate

3 Land use and utilization of local resources

Condition of existing land likely to be changed to farming land. Possible change of land use in case of construction works.

Land will be cleared during the land preparation stage when the

project is fully operational. It is estimated that Pastoralists likely to

lose grazing grounds for their livestock and that may lead to potential

conflicts between pastoralists and farmers.

Major

4 Social institutions

The influx of migrants into these communities as result of the project may dilute some local customary practices and beliefs. Accra Plains Regions For example, within the project area, the use a hoe for farming activities is prohibited on the fourth day of every week. The differences in religious beliefs and customs can lead to conflict between local beneficiary communities and migrants or among different ethnic groups.

Major Major

5 Existing social infrastructures and services

Increase influx settlers likely to put pressure on existing social facilities including educational, health, water and sanitation facilities in the project area. Accra Plains Regions There are water intakes for 3‐Districts Water Supply Scheme and Aveyime Community Water and Sanitation Service at right side of the Volta river in Aveyime. If outlet of drainage of the irrigation project is installed near the water intakes, raw water is polluted.

Major Major

6 The poor, local community and ethnic people

Livelihood of the people likely to be affected if they need to be relocated due to farm land cleaning and leveling.

Major

7 Misdistribution of benefit and damage

Possible misdistribution of benefit among communities. For example, some farmer may receive benefit from irrigation development; however some farmers may not receive benefit from irrigation

Major



No. Type of Impact Description of Potential Impact/Issue Social Significance

development.

8 Cultural heritage

SADA RegionsBuried cultural heritage resources could be damaged during trenching or ploughing. Accra Plains Regions There are culturally sensitive areas within the project area which may be affected by the development of the irrigation fields.

Moderate Major

9 Local conflict of interests

The establishment of construction camp within project zone can generate social conflicts between site workers and local residents.

Moderate

10 Water Usage or Water Rights and Rights of Common

SADA RegionsIncrease water intake from dams will cause competition amongst the various water users. Accra Plains Regions Irrigation development causes increase of water intake from Kpong Dam Reservoir. Possible competitions among water users.

Moderate Moderate

11 Sanitation The poor disposal of human and constructional waste and the poor condition of construction camps is likely to exacerbate the incidence of sanitary and water related diseases like diarrhea.

A poor sanitation method in the camps is likely to affect the health

status of both the camp workers and local communities.

Moderate

Hazards(Risk)

Infectious

diseases such

as HIV/AIDS

Uncovered trenches and manholes likely to develop during the construction of irrigation infrastructure including canals, and drains. These can serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes that transmit malaria. Possibility of transmission of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS from construction camp workers to the local population.

Moderate Moderate

Principles, Objectives and Processes

In line with the World Bank safeguard policy OP 4.12, the GCAP will minimize displacement

through the following design procedures:

Wherever inhabited dwellings may potentially be affected by a component of a sub‐project,

the sub‐project shall be redesigned (facility relocation, rerouting) to avoid any impact on

such dwellings and to avoid displacement/relocation accordingly;

Wherever the impact on the land holding of one particular household is such that this

households may not be sustainable in the long term, even if there is no need to physically

displace this household, the sub‐project shall be redesigned (facility relocation, rerouting) to

avoid any such impact;

Minimization of land impact will be factored into site and technology selection and design

criteria;

Costs associated with displacement and resettlement will be internalized into sub‐project

costs to allow for fair comparison of processes and sites;

To the extent possible, project facilities will be located on public spaces; a more participatory

approach will be put in place for the communities to confirm where to site these facilities.



Infrastructures required by the project will be routed inside existing right‐of‐ways, easements

or reservations (roads, streets, power lines) wherever possible.

A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be used where more than 200 individuals are displaced. An

Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARP) will be used where less than 200 individuals are displaced.

In some instances ARAPs are required where projects affect more than 200 people, but with

minor land acquisition (10% or less of all holdings is taken) and no physical relocation is involved.

Eligibility, Entitlements and Valuation

Category of affected persons Assets Type of compensation

Persons with formal legal rights

to land.

Physical and non‐ physical

assets such as residential

structures, productive

lands, farm lands, cultural

sites commercial/ business

properties, tenancy,

income earning

opportunities, and social

and cultural networks and

activities

To be provided compensation for land

lost and other assistance

Persons without formal legal

rights to land at time of

notification but have claims to

property recognized by

community leaders

To be provided compensation for land

lost and other assistance

Persons with no recognizable

legal right or claim to land they

are occupying, e.g. squatters

To be provided resettlement assistance

in lieu of compensation for land

occupied.

Persons encroaching on land

after the notification

Not eligible for compensation or any

form of resettlement assistance

The purpose of the valuation exercise is to assess the loss to the affected persons as part of the

Assessment of Resettlement Issues under the project. The bases of this valuation are derived from

the World Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Policy, OP 4.12; the Resettlement Policy Framework

developed for the project; and Constitution of Ghana.

Land

The Market Comparison Approach (MCA) will be adopted for the valuation of land. It involves the

direct comparison of the property’s value determining features with those of the immediate and

surrounding vicinity that sold recently.

Structures

The Replacement Cost Approach (RCA) will be adopted for the valuation of the structures. The

RCA is based on the assumption that cost and value are related. It involves finding the estimate of

the gross replacement cost of a structure which is the estimated cost of constructing a substitute

structure, having the same gross area as that existing, at prices current at the relevant date.

Livelihood (Supplementary Assistance)

Losses of income for businesses will be estimated from net daily/monthly profit of the business

verified by an assessment of visible stocks and activities. In addition to the compensation,

disturbance allowances of 10% of total compensation will be considered.



Economic Plants

The Enumeration Approach will be adopted for the crops affected by the project. The

Enumeration Approach involves taking census of the affected crops and applying flat realistic rate

approved by the Land Valuation Division.

Mitigation Measures

Detailed social assessment studies will be carried out within the communities as and when

required. The framework for the compensation/ resettlement will then be applied incorporating

specific (1) institutional arrangements, (2) resettlement/ compensation eligibility criteria, (3)

implementation procedures, (4) financial responsibilities, and (5) monitoring and evaluation plan.

Livelihood restoration measures will consider issues such as (1) income levels of affected persons,

(2) other non‐monetary sources of livelihood, (3) constraints and opportunities for income

generation, (4) number of persons not able to revert to previous occupation, and (5) existing skills

of affected persons.

Vulnerable persons among the project affected persons (PAP) will be identified and special

assistance offered during the compensation implementation process. Criteria include age‐above

70 years, physical/mental disability, women, migrant farmers and herdsmen, widows, orphaned

children and bedridden or seriously sick persons.

Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

The objectives of the grievance process are to

Provide affected people with avenues for making a complaint or resolving any dispute that

may arise during the course of the implementation and determination of entitlements of

compensation and implementation of the project;

Ensure that appropriate and mutually acceptable redress actions are identified and

implemented to the satisfaction of complainants; and

Avoid the need to resort to judicial proceedings.

The general steps of the grievance process comprise:

Receipt of complaints;

Determining and implementing the redress action;

Verifying the redress action;

Amicable mediation and settlement; and

Dissatisfaction and alternative actions.

Institutional Responsibilities

The main institutions involved with the implementation of the resettlement activities are:

The Project Coordination Office, GCAP;

Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA);

Regional/District Land Valuation Officers;

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA);

District Assemblies (DAs); and

Consultant



The implementation activities will be under the overall guidance of the office of the coordinator

of the Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP).

Training and Awareness Creation Budget for RPF Implementation

The estimated budget for training of key personnel responsible for implementing the RPF as well

as awareness creation and logistical support is estimated at US$ 178,000. The budget for the

preparation of RAPs/ARAPs will be developed from the specific social assessment studies and

mitigation/livelihood restoration measures to be developed. It will cover resettlement activities

including compensation cost for affected assets. The cost will be derived from expenditures

relating to (1) the preparation of the resettlement/compensation plan, (2) relocation and transfer,

(3) income and means of livelihood restoration plan, and (4) administrative costs. This cost will be

borne by the Government of Ghana.

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Plan

To ensure that the implementation of the resettlement is carried out in accordance with the

relevant requirements of this resettlement policy framework, the actions will be monitored and

evaluated internally by a Monitoring and Evaluation team (MET) to be constituted by the GCAP

Coordination Office of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, MoFA. The Monitoring and Evaluation

team (MET) will be expected to develop and implement a Monitoring and Evaluation Plan (MEP).

The main indicators that the MEP will measure include: (i) impacts on affected individuals,

households, and communities to be maintained at their pre‐project standard of living, and better;

(ii) improvement of communities affected by the project; and (iii) management of disputes or

conflicts. The monitoring unit will submit periodic (preferably bimonthly) reports to the GCAP, and

copied to the MoFA. The report will at least cover status of compensation disbursement, nature of

complaints, redress actions and follow‐ups.

Stakeholder Consultation, participation and Disclosure of RPF

The Consultants have carried out appropriate consultations with stakeholders during the

preparation of this RPF. Stakeholders consulted include relevant Government agencies, local

government authorities, non‐governmental organizations, and civil society groups identified

during the consultative period. Stakeholder consultations were undertaken from 22nd September

to 13th October 2011. Furthermore, public consultations were held in Greater Accra at Mepe (28th

October, 2011) and in Northern Region at Tamale (31st October, 2011 and 1st December, 2011).

As provided under WB policy OP 4.12, information and consultation on the GCAP Resettlement

Policy Framework shall be organized as follows:

Circulation of the draft RPF for comments to all relevant institutions (e.g. MoFA, Lands

Commission & the EPA, as appropriate) as well as the USAID and the WB;

Organisation of public stakeholder workshops and comments incorporated in the final RPF;

Communication of comments to the Consultant for incorporation into a final RPF, together

with WB comments.

Public Disclosure of final RPF (reviewed and cleared by both GoG & World Bank/ASPEN) both

in‐country (in project sites and official journals) and at the WB InfoShop prior to appraisal.

REPUBLIC OF GHANA

MINISTRY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

(MOFA)

GHANA COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE PROJECT

(GCAP)

PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN (PMP)

FINAL REPORT

November 2011

Government of Ghana Ministry of Food & Agriculture

Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page i November 2011.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................................... II

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ IV

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................................. IV

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... V

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... VII

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PMP ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 RATIONALE ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 GENERAL APPROACH ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.5 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.0 REVIEW OF POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS ..................................................... 6

2.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................................. 10

2.2.1 National Laws ...................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Some key International Conventions ................................................................................................... 12

2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ....................................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 National ............................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 International ........................................................................................................................................ 18 2.3.3 Non‐Governmental Organisations/Private Institutions ....................................................................... 20

3.0 BASELINE INFORMATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURE ...................................................... 21

3.1 ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.1.1 SADA Regions ....................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Accra Plains .......................................................................................................................................... 23

3.2 AGRICULTURE .................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 National Level ...................................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Accra Plains .......................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.3 SADA Regions ....................................................................................................................................... 29

4.0 PEST AND PESTICIDE PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ............................................................. 31

4.1 MAJOR PESTS AND DISEASES ................................................................................................................................ 31 4.1.1 Major Pests and Diseases of Cereals .................................................................................................... 31 4.1.2 Major Pests and Diseases of Pulses/ Grain Legumes ........................................................................... 32 4.1.3 Major Pests and Diseases of Vegetables ............................................................................................. 34

4.2 PEST PROBLEMS AND CONTROL PRACTICES ............................................................................................................. 39 4.2.1 General Pest Problems and their Management ................................................................................... 39 4.2.2 Accra Plains .......................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2.3 Northern regions (SADA regions) ......................................................................................................... 42

4.3 IPM STRATEGY FOR PEST CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 43 4.4 KEY PESTS AND RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ....................................................................................... 45

4.4.1 Major Natural Eenemies and Enhancing Natural Enemy Populations ................................................. 45 4.4.2 Recommended IPM Practices for Selected Vegetable Crop Pests/Diseases......................................... 46 4.4.3 Recommended IPM Practices for Cereals and Pulses Crop Pests/Disease ........................................... 56 4.4.4 Management of post harvest pests of cereal crops ............................................................................. 59


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page ii November 2011.

4.4.5 Management of post harvest pest of pulses ........................................................................................ 60 4.4.6 Pesticide applications –cereals, pulses and vegetables ‐ In line with IPM approaches ........................ 60

4.5 CONTROLLING PESTICIDES USED IN CROP PROTECTION: ............................................................................................. 61 4.6 MANAGEMENT AND USE OF PESTICIDES ................................................................................................................. 61

4.6.1 Production and importation of pesticides ............................................................................................ 61 4.6.2 Organisation and practice used in selling and distribution .................................................................. 62 4.6.3 Use of pesticides by farmers: ............................................................................................................... 63 4.6.4 Management of pesticide containers .................................................................................................. 63 4.6.5 Accidents resulting from pesticide use ................................................................................................. 64

4.7 GENERAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH PESTICIDES ............................................. 64

5.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE GCAP INTERVENTIONS ............................ 66

5.1 IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON WATER BODIES ............................................................................................................... 66 5.2 IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON AQUATIC FAUNA ............................................................................................................. 66 5.3 PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS FROM WATER‐BORNE OR WATER‐RELATED DISEASES.............................................................. 66 5.4 MYCOTOXIN POISONING FROM POOR MAIZE DRYING ................................................................................................. 67 5.5 IMPROPER PESTICIDE USE AND DISPOSAL OF PESTICIDE CONTAINERS .............................................................................. 67 5.6 PRODUCTION AND MARKET LOSSES FROM FRUIT FLY ATTACKS ...................................................................................... 68 5.7 PRODUCTION LOSSES AND FOOD SECURITY CONCERNS FROM ARMYWORM AND OTHER CROP PESTS AND DISEASE OUTBREAKS .. 68 5.8 ABUSES IN PESTICIDE SUPPLY AND SALES .................................................................................................................. 68

6.0 INTEGRATED PEST AND PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN .............................................................. 69

7.0 PROGRAMME TO MEET PMP REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 75

7.1 PLANNING ........................................................................................................................................................ 75 7.2 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES .............................................................................................................................. 76

7.2.1 Formation of a Safeguard Team .......................................................................................................... 76 7.2.2 Registration and training of all interested pesticide distributors/resellers under the Project ............. 76 7.2.3 PMP Communication and IPM/PMP Orientation Workshop ............................................................... 76 7.2.4 Education and awareness creation ...................................................................................................... 76 7.2.5 Participatory Pests Inventory and Monitoring Measures .................................................................... 77 7.2.6 Stakeholder and Interest Group Consultation and Involvement .......................................................... 77 7.2.7 Prevention of new Pest Infestations .................................................................................................... 77 7.2.8 Management of established Pests ....................................................................................................... 78 7.2.9 IPM Capacity Building .......................................................................................................................... 78 7.2.10 Institutional Arrangements and Training Responsibilities .............................................................. 79 7.2.11 Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................ 80 7.2.12 Sustainability Issues ........................................................................................................................ 81 7.2.13 Reporting ......................................................................................................................................... 81 7.2.14 Management Reviews ..................................................................................................................... 81

8.0 IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET ..................................................................................................................... 83

9.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................................... 84

ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................................... 86


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page iii November 2011.

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 AGRICULTURE IN GHANA – FACTS AND FIGURES .................................................................................................. 26

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 MEAN ANNUAL GROWTH RATES FOR AREA PLANTED TO SELECTED FOOD CROPS .......................................................... 27 TABLE 2 PRODUCTION OF SELECTED FOOD CROPS (‘000MT) ............................................................................................. 27 TABLE 3 AVERAGE YIELD OF SELECTED FOOD CROPS UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS ................................................................... 28 TABLE 4 IPM APPROACHES FOR CEREALS, PULSES AND VEGETABLES ................................................................................... 44 TABLE 5 MAJOR NATURAL ENEMIES AND THE PESTS THEY FEED UPON................................................................................... 45 TABLE 7 PESTICIDE PROBLEMS RELATING TO HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND CROPS ................................................................... 64 TABLE 8 INTEGRATED PEST AND PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN ............................................................................. 70 TABLE 9 PLANNING MATRIX ........................................................................................................................................ 75 TABLE 10 ACTORS AND PARTNERS .................................................................................................................................. 80 TABLE 11 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ............................................................................................................................. 80 TABLE 12 BUDGET ESTIMATES ....................................................................................................................................... 83


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page iv November 2011.

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AES Agriculture Engineering Service

AESA Agro‐Ecosystem Analysis

AgSSIP Agricultural Services Sub‐Sector Investment Program

CBPP Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

CCMC Chemicals Control and Management Centre

Codex Code Alimentarius Commission

CRI Crops Research Institute

CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

DAES District Agriculture Extension Service

DCS Directorate of Crop Services

EC European Commission

ECOWAS Economic Community Of West African States

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Agency (Ghana)

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

EU European Union

FBOs Farmer Based Organisations

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FDB Food and Drug Board

GAABIC Ghana Agricultural Associations’ Business and Information Centre

GAIDA Ghana Agro‐Input Dealers Association

GAP Good Agricultural Practice

GCAP Ghana Commercial Agricultural Project

GDP gross domestic product

GFAP Ghana Federation of Agriculture Producers

GHS Ghana Health Service

GSB Ghana Standards Board

GTZ German Technical Cooperation/German Development Cooperation

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IPPC International Plant Protection Convention

ISO International Standards Organisation

ISPM International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures

KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

LI/L.I. Legislative Instrument

MOFA/MoFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture

MOH Ministry of Health

MRL Maximum Residue Limit

NRCD National Redemption Council Decree

NGOs Non‐Governmental Organisations

OP Operational Policy

PIP Pesticides Initiative Program


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page v November 2011.

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PMP Pest Management Plan

PNDCL Provisional National Defence Council Law

POP Persistent Organic Pollutant

PPRSD Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Directorate

PRA Pest Risk Analysis

PPP Private Public Partnerships

SADA Savannah Accelerated Development Authority

SEEDPAG Seed Producers Association of Ghana

SMCD Supreme Military Council Decree

SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement

UK United Kingdom

UNIDO United Nations International Development Organisation

USAID United States Agency for International Development

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

VEPEAG Vegetable Producers Exporters Association of Ghana

VRA Volta River Authority

WB World Bank

WRC Water Resources Commission


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page vi November 2011.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project Background

The Government of Ghana is seeking financial assistance from the World Bank to finance the

preparation of the GCAP – Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. The project preparation is under the

overall responsibility of MoFA. The development objective of GCAP is to improve the investment climate

for agri‐business and establish inclusive Private Public Partnerships (PPPs) and smallholder linkages

aimed at increasing on‐farm productivity and value addition in selected value chains.

The proposed project would have two components, with the first being focused on improving the overall

investment climate for agricultural development in Ghana, and the second more directly targeting

private sector led agricultural investment involving smallholder farmers through PPP arrangements in

both the Accra plains and the Northern regions (SADA).

The World Bank safeguard policy on Pest Management (OP 4.09) has been triggered and as a result,

MoFA is required to prepare Pest Management Plan1 as a standalone document. PMP Objectives

The objective of the Pest Management Plan is to:

Promote the use of environmentally friendly practices (hygienic, cultural, biological or natural

control mechanisms and the judicious use of chemicals) in pest control;

Effectively monitor pesticide use and pest issues amongst participating farmers;

Provide for implementation of an IPM action plan in the event that serious pest management issues

are encountered, and/or the introduction of technologies is seen to lead to a significant decrease in

the application of pesticides;

Assess the capacity of the country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support

safe, effective, socially and environmentally sound pest management and to provide for appropriate

institutional capacity support recommendations;

Ensure compliance with regional standards, laws and regulations;

Ensure compliance with World Bank safeguard policy OP 4.09; and

Ensure compliance with USAID requirements on pesticides procedures. Policy and Regulatory Framework The major policy and regulatory framework include:

Food and Agriculture Sector Development Policy (FASDEP)

Ghana ’s Medium Term Agriculture Sector Investment Plan (METASIP)

National Irrigation Policy, Strategies and Regulatory Measures, June 2010

Guidelines for the National Plant Protection Policy, June 2004

National Land Policy

National Water Policy, June 2007

National Environment Policy

Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1994, Act 490

1 - This report is prepared by SAL Consult Limited, P. O. Box GP20200, Accra-Ghana


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page vii November 2011.

Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1999, LI 1652 and its Amendment

Plants and Fertilizer Act, 2010, Act 803

Water Resources Commission Act, 1996, Act 522

Food and Drugs Act 1992, PNDCL 3058

Irrigation Development Authority Act, 1977, SMCD 85

• World Bank Safeguard Policy on Pest Management, OP 4.09

• USAID Requirements on Pesticide Management Challenges and Potential Impact of GCAP

The impacts and challenges identified include:

Lack of IPM sustenance measures even though national pest control strategy is IPM;

Likely pollution of water resources and aquatic life from pesticide usage;

Public health concerns from water‐borne and water‐related diseases such as malaria and bilharzia

cases under irrigation projects that can trigger the use of pesticides in controlling their vectors;

Mycotoxin poisoning from poor maize drying;

Poisoning from improper use of pesticides by farmers and farm assistants;

Impact from improper disposal of pesticide containers;

Large scale production losses from fruit fly and armyworm outbreaks;

Production losses from threats from other crop pests and diseases;

Abuses associated with pesticide supply and sales; and

General health and safety of farmers and environmental hazards. Action Plans The action plans are provided in the table below. Programme to meet PMP requirements

GCAP will adopt the following programmes and strategies to achieve an effective pest and pesticide

management process:

Formation of a Safeguard Team

Registration and training of all interested pesticide distributors/resellers under the Project

PMP Communication and IPM/PMP Orientation Workshop

Education and awareness creation

Pests Inventory and Monitoring Measures

Stakeholder and Interest Group consultation and Involvement

Prevention of new Pest Infestations and management of established Pests

IPM Capacity Building

Institutional Arrangements and Training Responsibilities

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

Ensuring Sustainability

Annual Reporting and Management Reviews

PMP Budget

An annual estimated cost of USD106,000 is required for the implementation of the PMP.


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page viii November 2011.

Action Plans

Impact issue / Pest &

pesticide threat/ risk

Mitigation Measures Implementation tool Expected result Monitoring indicators Responsibility/ Key

implementing actors

Pollution of water

resources and aquatic

life

Control and supervise

pesticide use by farmers

Adoption of IPM approaches/

techniques

Farmers trained in IPM

techniques

Number of farmers

trained, Training records

PPRSD‐MoFA, MoFA

regional officers, DAES‐

MoFA

Proper disposal of

pesticide containers by

resellers/farmers

Pesticide container collection and

disposal plan

Pesticide container

disposal plan developed

and implemented

Number of farmers/

resellers aware of

pesticide container

disposal plan

PIU/MoFA/EPA

Monitor pesticides in

water resources

Environmental quality monitoring

plan (linkage with Project ESMP)

Pesticide concentration

in water resources

Levels of pesticides in

water resources

GIDA Environment Desk/

EPA

Public health concerns

from water‐borne and

water‐related diseases

in project areas under

irrigation

Design appropriate

irrigation systems and

ensure functional

operation system

(removing aquatic

vegetation, lining canals

with cement or plastic,

regularly fluctuating water

levels, periodic rapid

drying of irrigation canals)

a) Adoption of environmentally

friendly irrigation system designs;

b) Selection of experienced and

proven contractors and

consultants for project designs

and construction;

c) Effective operational

maintenance system

a) Well functioning and

environmentally friendly

irrigation system;

b) infrequent

breakdown of system

Number of times system

breakdown in a given

year

GIDA

Monitor malaria and

bilharzia cases in project

area

Hospital/clinical records of

malaria/bilharzia cases in project

area

Malaria/bilharzia cases

before and during

project implementation

established

Trend in

malaria/bilharzia cases

during project

implementation

Ministry of Health

(MoH)/Ghana Health

Service (GHS); Hospitals

and clinics in project

areas

Make mosquito treated

bed nets available at

affordable prices to

farmers and local

community members

Project malaria and bilharzia

control plan

Non‐significant increase

in malaria/bilharzias

cases under project

Frequency of reported

malaria/bilharzia cases

among farmers and

communities

Ministry of Health

(MoH)/Ghana Health

Service (GHS); Hospitals

and clinics in project

areas

Mycotoxin poisoning Ensure adequate and Mycotoxin Elimination Plan Mycotoxin levels in Number of farmers PPRSD‐MoFA; DAES‐


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page ix November 2011.

from poor maize

drying

timely drying of maize (Education, equipment/facilities,

international standards etc)

maize produced meets

international standards

trained and educated in

the proper way of maize

drying

MoFA, FRI

Provide proper maize

drying facilities

Number and condition of

maize drying facilities

available

MoFA; FRI

Ensure maize storage

facilities are adequate and

meet acceptable

standards

Monitor mycotoxin levels

in maize produced under

the project

Mycotoxin levels GSB/FRI

Poisoning from

improper use of

pesticides by farmers

and farm assistants

Educate farmers and farm

assistants on proper use

of pesticides and pesticide

use hazards

Pesticide hazards and use guide

manual or leaflet for the project

(include simple pictorial

presentations)

Proper use of pesticides

by farmers and farm

assistants

Number of cases of

pesticide poisoning

occurring under the

project

a) PPRSD‐MoFA,

b) GHS/local hospitals

and clinics

Control and supervise

pesticide use on farms

Adoption of IPM approaches/

techniques


techniques

Number of farmers


PPRSD‐MoFA, DAES‐

MoFA and regional

officers

Monitor pesticide residue

in crops

Random sampling procedure for

crops and storage products

Pesticide residue in

crops within acceptable

limit/MRL

1. Levels and trend of

pesticide residue in

sampled crops

2. Number of times

exported crops are

rejected due to pesticide

residues

Ghana Standards Board

(GSB)/ PPRSD‐MoFA

Poisoning from

improper disposal of

pesticide containers

1. Educate farmers, farm

assistants and local

communities on health

hazards associated with

use of pesticide

containers

1. Pesticide hazards and use

guide manual or leaflet for the

project

Farmers, farm assistants,

FBOs, local communities

educated on pesticide

health hazards

Number of cases of

pesticide poisoning

through use of pesticide

containers; Number of

farmers returning empty

pesticide containers at

collection points;

Number of farmers,

FBOs, resellers trained in

1. a) PPRSD‐MoFA,

b) GHS/local hospitals

and clinics

2. Properly dispose


2. Pesticide container cleaning

and disposal plan

Pesticide container

cleaning and disposal

plan developed and

2. PPRSD/EPA


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page x November 2011.

implemented proper cleaning of


Production and

market losses from

fruit fly and

armyworm outbreaks

Educated and train

farmers to adopt good

agricultural practices

(GAP)

Adoption of IPM techniques/

approaches

1. Farmers trained in

IPM techniques and GAP

1. Number of farmers


2. Number of times

exported crops rejected

due to fruit fly pest

3. Production losses

from crop pests

PPRSD‐MoFA/ DAES‐

MoFA / Regional officers

Establish pest surveillance

system

Early detection and warning

system in place

Zero or minimal fruit fly/

armyworm cases

Incidence of fruit fly

/armyworm cases

recorded

PPRSD‐MoFA; DAES‐

MoFA /Regional officers

Apply EPA approved and

PPRSD recommended

pesticides if necessary

Inspection of pesticides at

farm/storage gate prior to use

(Project Policy)

Applied pesticides

registered and approved

by key stakeholders and

in conformity with IPM

principles

Records of pesticides

applied at each farm

PPRSD‐MoFA; MoFA

DAES/ MoFA Regional

Officers

Threat from other

crop pests and

diseases

Educated and train

farmers to adopt good

agricultural practices

(GAP)

Adoption of IPM techniques/

approaches


techniques and GAP

1. Number of farmers


2. Incidence of crop

pests

3. Production losses

from crop pests

PPRSD‐MoFA/ MoFA‐

DAES/ Regional officers

Apply EPA approved and

PPRSD recommended

pesticides if necessary



(Project Policy)

Applied pesticides




principles


applied at each farm

PPRSD‐MoFA; MoFA‐

DAES/ MoFA Regional

Officers

Impact on post

harvest losses due to

pests

1. Provide adequate and

proper storage facilities

Post‐harvest loss reduction plan

based on IPM techniques in place

a.) Post harvest losses

avoided or minimised

b) Applied pesticides




principles

Number of farmers

trained in IPM

techniques for post

harvest storage; Number

and condition of storage

facilities in use

MoFA‐AES

2. Monitor incidence of Number of cases of post PPRSD‐MoFA


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page xi November 2011.

post harvest pests harvest pests

3. Confirm status and

integrity of pesticides at

storage gate prior to use



(Project Policy)


applied at storage sites/

rooms


DAES/ MoFA Regional

Officers

Abuses in pesticide

supply and sales

Identify all pesticide

distributors and resellers

interested in providing

services and products to

farmers under the Project

Registration policy for all

interested distributors and

resellers under project

Only approved and

licensed dealers and

resellers supply

pesticides under project

a.)Company registration

documents

b)Evidence of

license/permit to

operate in pesticides

c)Evidence of location

and contacts of

suppliers/resellers

PPRSD of MoFA/CCMC of

EPA

Confirm status and

integrity of pesticides

supplied under project

a.) All pesticides are to be in the

original well labeled pesticide

containers prior to use

b.) No decanting of pesticides

under this project

c) Inspection of pesticides at farm

gate prior to use

a) Only approved and

registered pesticides

used under project

b)Banned pesticides

avoided

c) Fake and expired

pesticides avoided

d)Integrity of pesticide

guaranteed at farm gate

level

a) List of pesticides

supplied and used in line

with Ghana EPA and

USEPA list of registered

and approved pesticides

b) Cases of pesticides

found in non‐original

containers

c) inspection records for

pesticides at farm gate

prior to use


DAES/ MoFA Regional

Officers

Ban big pesticide

containers to minimize

decanting cases

Decanting policy (No decanting of

pesticides under project)

All pesticides delivered

for use are in the original

containers

Cases of pesticides found

in non‐original

containers


DAES/ MoFA Regional

Officers

General health and

safety of

farmers/crops and

environmental

hazards

Educate farmers to adopt

GAP based upon IPM

techniques; and do not

use chemical pesticides

unless advised by PPRSD

IPM techniques with emphasis on

cultural and biological forms of

pest control

Compliance with

national IPM policy and

WB policy on Pest/

pesticide management

Number of farmers

trained in IPM

techniques; Number of

farmers implementing

IPM on their farms

Frequency of chemical

pesticides usage

WB/ MoFA‐DAES/ MoFA

Regional Officers

Provide PPEs to farmers/

farm assistants for

Health and safety policy for farm

work

Farmers and their

accompanying

Quantities and types of

PPEs supplied or made

MoFA


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page xii November 2011.

pesticide use in the fields dependants (children)

protected against

pesticide exposure in the

fields

available under the

project

Educate farmers/ farm

assistants in the proper

use of pesticides

Pesticide hazards and use guide

manual or leaflet for the project

(include simple pictorial

presentations)

Farmers know and use

pesticides properly;

pesticide hazards and

use guide leaflet or flyers

produced

Number of farmers

trained in pesticide use;

Number of farmers

having copies of the

pesticide hazard and use

guide flyers;

MoFA/EPA

Properly dispose obsolete

and unused pesticides

Obsolete and unused pesticide

disposal plan

obsolete and unused

pesticide disposal plan

prepared and

implemented

Relationship between

pesticide supply and

usage

PPRSD‐MoFA/CCMC‐EPA

Educate farmers to obtain

or purchase quantities of

pesticides required at a

given time and to avoid

long term storage of

pesticides

Pesticide use policy/plan Only pesticides needed

are purchased; long term

storage of pesticides by

farmers avoided

Relationship between

pesticide supply and

usage

PPRSD‐MoFA/CCMC‐EPA

Provide emergency

response to pesticide

accidents and poisoning

Emergency response plan Pesticide accidents and

emergencies managed

under the project

Number of pesticide

accidents and

emergencies

PPRSD/GHS/National

Poisoning Control Centre


Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project. Pest Management Plan. Page 13 November 2011.

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