ministry of public works, housing and water resources · tep . 1 - r. eview of environmental and...
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MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS, HOUSING AND
WATER RESOURCES
NATIONAL DIRECTORATE FOR MANAGEMENT OF WATER
RESOURCES
EMERGENCY RESILIENT RECOVERY PROJECT - ADDITIONAL
FINANCING (ERRP - AF)
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)
July, 2017
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LIST OF ACRONYMS
AIAS Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure Administration
ARA Regional Water Administration
DINOTER National Directorate of Territorial Planning and Resettlement
DIPLAC-CEE National Directorate of Planning and Cooperation – School Construction and
Equipment
DNDR National Directorate of Rural Development
DNFFB National Directorate of Forests and Fauna
DNGRH National Directorate for the Management of Water Resources
DPASA Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Food Security
DPC Provincial Directorate of Culture
DPOPHRH Provincial Directorate of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources
DPS Provincial Directorate of Health
DPTADER Provincial Directorate of Land, Environment and Rural Development
DRM Disaster Risk Management
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
EA Environmental Assessment
EFP Environmental Focal Point
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EO Environmental Officer
ERRP Emergency Resilient Recovery Project for the Northern and Central Regions
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESSP Education Sector Strategic Plan
EWS Early Warning Systems
EU European Union
GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction
GoM Government of Mozambique
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
IMR Immediate Response Mechanism
INAM National Institute of Meteorology
INGC National Disaster Management Institute
INIR National Irrigation Institute
IPM Integrated Pest Management
MASA Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance
MINEDH Ministry of Education and Human Development
MITADER Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development
MOPHRH Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources
NGO Non-governmental Organization
OP Operational Policy
PAPs Project Affected Persons
PNDRH National Water Resources Development Project
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PROIRRI Sustainable Irrigation Project
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
SDIP District Services for Planning and Infrastructures
SDSMAS District Health, Women and Social Affairs Services
ToR Terms of Reference
UN United Nations
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
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TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ 2
1. SUMÁRIO EXECTVO ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.1. INTRODUÇÃO ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. DESCRIÇÃO DO PROJECTO ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.3. ÁREAS DE PROJECTO ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.4. ARRANJO INSTITUCIONAL PARA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA .............................................................. 10 1.5. CONSULTAS PÚBLICAS .......................................................................................................................... 10 1.6. POLÍTICAS DE SALVAGUARDA DO BANCO MUNDIAL .................................................................................. 10 1.7. QUADRO LEGAL GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL EM MOZAMBIQUE .............................................................. 11 1.8. LACUNAS NO QUADRO LEGAL MOÇAMBICANO E NAS POLÍTICAS DE SALVAGUARDA DO BANCO MUNDIAL ......... 12 1.9. DESCRIÇÃO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL DOS LOCAIS DO PROJECTO ....................................................................... 12 1.10. POTENCIAIS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS E SOCIAIS E MEDIDAS DE MITIGAÇÃO ..................................................... 12 1.11. ANÁLISE DE ALTERNATIVAS ................................................................................................................... 13 1.12. REQUISITOS DE MONITORIA DO DA QUADRO DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL ............................................. 13 1.13. PROCESSO DE TRIAGEM AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL .......................................................................................... 14 1.14. CAPACITAÇÃO E NECESSIDADES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CAPACIDADE INSTITUCIONAL ................................ 14 1.15. CONCLUSÕES E RECOMENDAÇÕES ......................................................................................................... 14
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 15 2.1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................................... 16 2.3. TARGETED PROJECT AREAS ................................................................................................................... 16 2.4. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 16 2.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 17 2.6. WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ...................................................................................................... 17 2.7. MOZAMBIQUE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................... 17 2.8. GAPS IN THE MOZAMBICAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND IN THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES .................. 18 2.9. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTING........................................................................... 19 2.10. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................... 19 2.11. Cumulative Impacts ........................................................................................................................ 20 2.12. Analysis of alternatives .................................................................................................................. 20 2.13. Environmental and Social Management Framework Monitoring Requirements .......................... 21 2.14. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS ................................................................................. 21 2.15. TRAINING AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS ................................................................ 22 2.16. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................... 22
2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 23
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................. 25 4.1. PROJECT OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. PROJECT LOCATION MAP ..................................................................................................................... 25 4.3. PROJECT COMPONENTS ....................................................................................................................... 26
5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS .............................................................................. 28 5.1. INTERVENTIONS WITH POTENTIAL FOR LAND ACQUISITION ........................................................................ 29
6. TARGETED PROJECTS AREAS ......................................................................................................... 30 6.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CONTEXT IN MOZAMBIQUE ............................................................................. 30 6.2. PROJECT LOCATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 31
6.2.1. Gaza Province ............................................................................................................................ 31 6.2.2. Inhambane Province .................................................................................................................. 33
7. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE 36
7.1. THE CONSTITUTION ............................................................................................................................. 36
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7.2. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION ............................................................................................................. 36 7.3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 39 7.4. THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE (ENMC) ....................................................................... 39 7.5. THE NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAM OF ACTION (NAPA) ..................................................................... 39 7.6. THE LAND LAW .................................................................................................................................. 40 7.7. LEGISLATION ON WATER AND WATER RIGHTS ......................................................................................... 40 7.8. THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES .................................................. 41 7.9. THE REGULATION FOR SMALL DAMS ...................................................................................................... 41 7.10. ELECTRIC ENERGY LAW ........................................................................................................................ 42 7.11. LABOR LAW ....................................................................................................................................... 42 7.12. CONTRACTING FOR PUBLIC CIVIL WORKS ................................................................................................ 45 7.13. RESETTLEMENT PROCESS ..................................................................................................................... 45 7.14. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS PROCESS ......................................................................................................... 46
8. REVIEW OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS AND IMPLICATIONS ........................................................ 47 8.1. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OP 4.01 ................................................................................................ 48 8.2. NATURAL HABITATS (OP/BP 4.04) ....................................................................................................... 50 8.3. INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT (OP 4.12) ............................................................................................... 50 8.4. PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES (OP/BP 4.11) ..................................................................................... 51 8.5. SAFETY OF DAMS (OP 4.37) ................................................................................................................ 52 8.6. PROJECTS ON INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS (OP 7.50) ............................................................................ 53 8.7. EXEMPTIONS TO NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................ 53 8.8. WORLD BANK POLICY ON DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION BP 17.50 ........................................................... 54
9. GAPS IN MOZAMBICAN LEGISLATION AND IN THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ................. 55
10. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS .............................................................................................................. 58 10.1. CONSULTATIONS IN CHICUALACUALA ..................................................................................................... 58
10.1.1. Key Issues Raised by Participants .............................................................................................. 59 10.1.2. Key Recommendations Provided................................................................................................ 59
10.2. CONSULTATIONS IN CHÓKWÈ ................................................................................................................ 59 10.2.1. Key Issues Raised by Participants .............................................................................................. 60
10.3. CONSULTATIONS IN FUNHALOURO ......................................................................................................... 60 10.3.1. Key issues raised by Participants ............................................................................................... 60 10.3.2. Key Recommendations Provided................................................................................................ 61
11. SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS .................................................................. 62 11.1. SUB-COMPONENT A.5 REHABILITATION OF THE MACARRETANE BARRAGE ................................................... 62 11.2. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................... 62 11.3. POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................... 63 11.4. POTENTIAL POSITIVE IMPACTS .............................................................................................................. 63 11.5. SUB-COMPONENT A.6 – WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS REHABILITATION AND EXPANSION ..................................... 64 11.6. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................... 64 11.7. POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................... 64 11.8. POSITIVE IMPACTS .............................................................................................................................. 65 11.9. SUB-COMPONENT A.7 – INSTALLATION OF WATER DESALINATION SYSTEMS ................................................. 65 11.10. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ..................................................................................... 66 11.11. POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................... 66 11.12. POSITIVE IMPACTS .............................................................................................................................. 67 11.13. MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................................................................................... 68 11.14. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .......................................................................... 68 11.15. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SOCIAL IMPACTS ......................................................................................... 69 11.16. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ........................................................................................................................ 70
12. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ........................................................ 72
13. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................... 112
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14. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS .................................................................. 114 14.1. STEP 1 - REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS CHECKLIST FOR PROJECTS ................................. 115 14.2. STEP 2 - SCREENING OF SITES ............................................................................................................. 116 14.3. STEP 3 – ASSIGNMENT OF ENVIRONMENT CATEGORIES........................................................................... 116 14.4. STEP 4 - PREPARATION, REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN .................................. 116 14.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ............................................................................................. 117
15. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................................ 118
16. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PLAN MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ................ 120
17. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT................................ 122 17.1. CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT AND MANAGE THE ERRP AF .......................................................................... 123 17.2. STAFFING RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................... 123 17.3. INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION TEAM ........................................................................................ 123 17.4. PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL FOCAL POINTS ........................................................................................ 123 17.5. SITE ENGINEERS /SUPERVISORS ........................................................................................................... 123 17.6. TRAINING AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT REQUIRED ............................................................................... 124
18. PROPOSED BUDGET FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ESMF ................................................................. 124 19. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 128
ANNEX 2: PUBLIC CONSULTATION MINUTES ....................................................................................... 135
ANNEX 3: MITADER PRE-ASSESSMENT FORM (“FICHA DE PRE-AVALIAÇÃO”)........................................ 187
ANNEX 4: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM ............................................. 189
ANNEX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHECKLIST ........................................................................... 192
ANNEX 6: REPORTING TEMPLATES ...................................................................................................... 194
Index of Tables
TABLE 1: SAFEGUARD POLICIES TRIGGERED BY THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 47
TABLE 2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE ........................................................................ 71
TABLE 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES SUMMARY TABLE ........................................................................................... 101
TABLE 4: RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTING SCREENING PROCESS ...................................................................... 116
TABLE 5: TRIGGERED SAFEGUARDS ............................................................................................................................. 131
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Table of Figures
FIGURE 1: LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT AFFECTED AREAS ............................................................................................ 26
FIGURE 2: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. 29
FIGURE 3: LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT AFFECTED AREA – GAZA PROVINCE ............................................................. .31
FIGURE 4: LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT AFFECTED AREA – INHAMBANE PROVINCE .................................................... 33
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1. SUMÁRIO EXECUTVO
1.1. INTRODUÇÃO
No âmbito do financiamento no valor de US$40.00 milhões do Projecto de Recuperação Resiliente
de Emergência (ERRP) em implementação, o Governo de Moçambicano pretende solicitar um
fundo adicional de US$20.00 milhões de dólares provenientes da Janela de Resposta a Crise (CRW)
da Associação de Desenvolvimento Internacional (IDA) do Grupo do Banco Mundial. O
financiamento adicional do Projecto de Recuperação Resiliente de Emergência irá assistir áreas
vulneráveis aos desastres naturais através de disponibilização imediata de apoio na recuperação das
actividades de sobrevivência das populações afectadas pelas calamidades, bem como na reabilitação
de infraestruturas essenciais para a recuperação da economia nas áreas afectadas. O projecto irá
igualmente incrementar a capacidade institucional do governo no contexto de sistemas de
recuperação pós-desastre, e promover resiliência a longo prazo. Estas intervenções estão em
conformidade com os principais objectivos e as principais áreas de intervenção, de acordo com o
Documento do Projecto original do ERRP, particularmente no que se refere à Componente D, que
prevê disposições para a Resposta de Emergência de Contingência em caso de emergência.
O Fundo Adicional solicitado irá servir de apoio ao Governo de Moçambique na sua resposta a
impactos negativos resultantes da seca de 2015-2016 associados ao fenómeno El NINO. O projecto
irá manter uma abordagem multi-sectorial à recuperação resiliente e sustentável, apoiando-se nas
componentes do ERRP, e está concebido para responder as necessidades imediatas de segurança
alimentar das populações afectadas pelas secas bem como das necessidades de mitigação de secas
identificadas no sector de aguas. Os resultados esperados são: (1) um aumento resiliente de gestão
de água e de infraestruturas de abastecimento de água para mitigar o impacto das cheias (US$16.5
milhões); e (2) melhorar a resiliência das comunidades afectadas pela seca através de intervenções
de emergência em segurança alimentar (US$3.5 milhões), como parte do Plano Estratégico de
Resposta a Emergência da Seca do governo para apoiar mais de 1.5 milhões de pessoas de
Dezembro de 2016 a Março de 2017.
O presente documento foi preparado com base no documento do Projecto ERRP original e o
respectivo Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social (QGAS), uma revisão de literatura extensa nas
áreas do projecto proposto; uma revisão das lições aprendidas de projetos anteriores; uma síntese de
disposições relevantes do quadro jurídico Moçambicano relacionado com o QGAS bem como as
políticas de salvaguarda do Banco Mundial e documentos de orientação; bem como o feedback
obtido nas reuniões de consulta pública realizadas durante a preparação deste documento.
Os objectivos deste QGAS são:
Fornecer procedimentos e metodologias claras para a avaliação ambiental e social, e
para a revisão, aprovação e implementação de investimentos a serem financiados no
âmbito do Financiamento Adicional do Projeto ERRP;
Especificar os papéis e responsabilidades e procedimentos necessários para a elaboração
de relatórios para a gestão e monitoria dos efeitos ambientais e sociais relacionados com
os investimentos do projecto;
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Propor areas de formação, capacitação e assistência técnica necessária para implementar
com êxito as disposições do QGAS;
Estabelecer o orçamento necessário para implementar o QGAS; e
Fornecer informações práticas sobre recursos para a implementação do QGAS.
Neste contexto, todos projetos são obrigados a ter um QGAS que fornece orientações para a
preparação de um Plano de Gestão Ambiental e Social e deve incluir medidas para que os
potenciais impactos negativos ambientais e sociais sejam efetivamente mitigados. O QGAS e o
Quadro de Políticas de Reassentamento (QPR) serão também utilizados como referências para a
elaboração de instrumentos de salvaguardas relacionados ao Projecto ERRP AF.
Os potenciais impactos ambientais e sociais associados ao Projecto foram destacados e as medidas
de mitigação adequadas para minimizar ou eliminar os impactos negativos potenciais foram
recomendadas ao proponente do projecto. Também foram dadas recomendações para a melhoria da
capacidade institucional das entidades responsáveis por cada um dos sub-componentes do projecto
de modo a continuamente haver uma integração das considerações ambientais e sociais nos projetos
relacionados.
1.2. DESCRIÇÃO DO PROJECTO
O Objectivo de Desenvolvimento do Projecto (PDO) é restaurar a funcionalidade das infra-
estruturas críticas de uma forma resiliente nas províncias afectadas por desastres naturais; e de
melhorar a capacidade do Governo de Moçambique para responder com prontidão e eficazmente a
crises ou emergências elegíveis. Este financiamento adicional não introduz quaisquer alterações ao
PDO.
O projecto reestruturado continuará com as atividades originais contidas na Componente A -
reabilitação de infra-estrutura resiliente. Novos investimentos de mitigação de secas e de infra-
estrutura de abastecimento de água serão adicionados. A reestruturação introduzirá atividades
adicionais de monitoramento e supervisão do projeto - Componente C, e adicionará a Componente
E para o financiamento de atividades de emergência relacionadas à distribuição de alimentos.
Os principais resultados esperados do projeto são: (i) aumento no número de beneficiários diretos
do projecto (para as novas atividades); (ii) aumento no número de pessoas em áreas urbanas com
acesso a fontes de água melhoradas (a partir das novas atividades); (iii) aumento no número de
fontes de água melhoradas a nível comunitário, construídos ou reabilitados no âmbito do projecto; e
iv) aumento no número de pessoas que receberam apoio em forma de alimentos.
1.3. ÁREAS DE PROJECTO
Os beneficiários do projecto serão as populações das províncias de Gaza e Inhambane, que irão se
beneficiar da reabilitação das infraestruturas do âmbito do projecto, particularmente os habitantes
das zonas propensas a inundações no Chókwè. Outros beneficiários directos do projecto incluem as
populações de Chigubo, Chicualala, Funhalouro e Massingir. O ERRP AF (a) esta em coerência
com os objectivos estratégicos e a abordagem de implementação do projecto original e o
financiamento adicional proposto e para a construção da resiliência das comunidades afectadas de
modo que elas possam recuperar de uma onda cíclica de inundações e secas; (b) existem algumas
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sobreposições geográficas entre as províncias beneficiárias do projecto original e o financiamento
adicional proposto; (c) existe um alinhamento técnico e apoio financeiro; e d) ha uma oportunidade
para a utilização dos recursos do Banco o mais rápida possível para a recuperação da seca, através
da utilização de mecanismos institucionais, de implementação e de supervisão fiduciária bem
estabelecidos do ERRP AF, coordenados através das suas Unidades de Implementação do Projecto
(PIUs).
1.4. ARRANJO INSTITUCIONAL PARA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA
O projecto ira manter os arranjos de implementação do projeto parente ERRP, e consequentemente
será implementado pelo Ministério de Obras Públicas e Recursos Hídricos (MOPHRH), através da
Direção Nacional de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos (DNGRH) e a Administração de Infra-Estrutura
de Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento (AIAS). Em termos de arranjos institucionais, e dada a
natureza multissetorial do projecto para lidar com emergências, espera-se que o mesmo seja
implementado por unidades existentes das instituições acima mencionadas. Tanto a DNGRH como
a AIAS criaram Unidades de Implementação de Projeto específicas para supervisionar a
implementação do projecto ERRP.
1.5. CONSULTAS PÚBLICAS
Foram realizadas consultas públicas em três distritos das duas províncias onde sera implementado o
ERRP AF, nomeadamente em Chókwè e Chicualacuala, na província de Gaza, e em Funhalouro, na
província de Inhambane. Consultas também foram realizadas a nível central, com o objectivo de
recolher a percepção pública das actividades propostas, bem como das províncias e áreas-chave de
intervenção. O processo de consulta envolveu: (i) consultas individuais com as principais partes
interessadas (tais como funcionários dos ministérios relevantes as areas do projecto, organizações
nacionais, ONGs, o Banco Mundial e pessoal técnico das províncias em causa); e (ii) através da
realização de reuniões públicas nos distritos acima mencionados.
O objetivo do processo de consulta era de colher percepções gerais e opiniões de todas as partes
interessadas relevantes (pessoas afetadas pelo projecto, bem como pessoas interessadas) sobre o
projecto proposto. Entre outros, o Consultor procurou identificar e confirmar as condições nos
diferentes contextos distritais e determinar os impactos específicos que deveriam ser abordados no
âmbito do presente QGAS.
1.6. POLÍTICAS DE SALVAGUARDA DO BANCO MUNDIAL
As Políticas de Salvaguarda (OPs) do Banco Mundial são fundamentais para o apoio da instituição
à redução da pobreza de forma sustentável e envolvendo as partes afetadas e interessadas de um
determinado projecto. O ERRP AF tem o potencial de accionar a maior parte das políticas devido à
natureza e objectivo do projecto, relacionado com a reconstrução e reabilitação de infraestruturas
que incluem a Barragem de Macarretane, sistemas de abastecimento de água, bem como a
instalação de sistemas de dessalinização de água, estas actividades são susceptíveis de causar alguns
efeitos ambientais e sociais negativos. Os OPs accionados pelo ERRP-AF são o OP 4.01 (Avaliação
Ambiental), OP 4.12 (Reassentamento Involuntário), OP 4.04 (Habitats Naturais), OP 4.11
(Recursos Culturais Físicos), OP 4.37 (Segurança de Barragens) e OP 7.50 (Projectos em Vias
Navegáveis Internacionais).
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O QGAS fornece ferramentas práticas para preparar e / ou implementar Planos de Gestão
Ambiental e Social (PGAS) e Planos de Acção de Reassentamento (ARAPs) completos ou
abreviados. A preparação deste último é orientada pelo Quadro de Política de Reassentamento
(RPF), preparado como um documento separado e em paralelo com o presente QGAS.
1.7. QUADRO LEGAL GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL EM MOZAMBIQUE
Um resumo das políticas, leis e regulamentos ambientais e sociais em Moçambique,
particularmente aqueles de relevância para o Projecto foi incluído no presente ESMF. A legislação
relevante em Moçambique inclui:
A Constituição da Republica (2004)
A Política Nacional do Ambiente em Moçambique, incluindo o Direito Ambiental
Regulamento sobre o Processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental
Politica de Gestão de Calamidades
O Programa Nacional de Acção para a Adaptação (NAPA)
A Lei de Terras
Legislação sobre os Direitos da Água
A Estratégia Nacional de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos
Regulamento de Pequenas Barragens
Lei de Energia Elétrica
Lei de Trabalho
Regulamentos sobre Contratação de Obras Públicas
Legislação de Reassentamento
Regulamentos de Consulta Pública
O processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) em Moçambique é regulado pelo Decreto
54/2015 de 31 de Dezembro que define quatro categorias de projectos, nomeadamente: Categoria A
+ - para projetos que requerem uma AIA completa a ser realizada e supervisionada por Revisoras
Especialistas Independentes com experiência verificável; Categoria A - para projectos que exigem
uma AIA completa; Categoria B - para projectos que requerem a realização de um Estudo
Ambiental Simplificado, pois seus impactos são menos significativos ou exigem medidas de
mitigação menos complexas; e Categoria C - para projectos que não requerem uma AIA, mas
devem respeitar o regulamento sobre o impacto ambiental. Estes estão em concordância com as
categorias do Banco Mundial e devem ser rigorosamente respeitadas.
O Ministério de Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural (MITADER) tem o mandato para gerir
todas as questões relacionadas com a terra, a gestão ambiental e o desenvolvimento rural a todos os
níveis (nacional, provincial e distrital) e, por conseguinte, as Direcções Provinciais (DPTADER) e
representações distritais terão um papel fundamental na avaliação, aprovação e acompanhamento
dos sub-componentes do projecto, a fim de garantir o cumprimento da legislação Moçambicana e
das políticas de salvaguarda tal como delineado no quadro do QGAS.
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1.8. LACUNAS NO QUADRO LEGAL MOÇAMBICANO E NAS POLÍTICAS DE SALVAGUARDA DO
BANCO MUNDIAL
A principal lacuna na legislação Moçambicana e nas Políticas de Salvaguarda do Banco Mundial
está relacionada com a falta de procedimentos claros e normas para o manuseamento da saúde e
segurança tanto para a população local de uma determinada área do projecto como para os
trabalhadores do projecto. A legislação Moçambicana tem provisões sobre a segurança no local de
trabalho, no entanto, é insuficiente para definir ações de mitigação específicas para projectos como
o ERRP AF. A fim de eliminar as lacunas nos procedimentos de saúde e segurança, recomenda-se
que as Normas de Desempenho da Cooperação Financeira Internacional (IFC) guiem o proponente
do projecto em todas as fases de implementação do mesmo e forneçam algumas orientações sobre
que medidas de mitigação devem ser tomadas.
1.9. DESCRIÇÃO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL DOS LOCAIS DO PROJECTO
Moçambique e uma vitima de desastres cíclicos. Os mais recentes foram as inundações
devastadoras na época 2014/15 e períodos secos contínuos que levaram a uma seca agrícola na
época de 2015/16, que afectaram gravemente a produção agrícola e a segurança alimentar no país.
Dados do Ministério da Agricultura e Segurança Alimentar (MASA) indicam que a seca resultou na
perda de cerca de 875.000 ha de várias culturas afetando 464.879 agricultores. Estima-se que
191.656 crianças sofram de desnutrição nos próximos 12 meses em todas as províncias afetadas. A
avaliação de segurança alimentar e nutricional realizada pelo Secretariado Técnico de Segurança
Alimentar e Nutrição (SETSAN) divulgada em Março de 2016, estima que 1,5 milhões de pessoas
necessitam de assistência alimentar urgentemente em sete províncias (Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane,
Tete, Manica, Sofala E Zambézia) do pais. Isso demostra uma deterioração na situação de
segurança alimentar no pais, uma vez que a avaliação inicial realizada em novembro de 2015
indicou que 167 mil pessoas estavam em estado de segurança alimentar.
Em Abril de 2016, o Governo de Moçambique declarou uma alerta para as províncias mais
afectadas pela seca (Tete, Sofala, Gaza, Manica, Inhambane e Maputo), para sinalizar a necessidade
de intensificar e expandir as acções de resposta. O GdM, através do Instituto Nacional de Gestão de
Calamidades (INGC), está a liderar a resposta aos desastres, com o apoio de parceiros humanitários,
incluindo ONGs, Nações Unidas e outros doadores. O GdM, através do Departamento de
Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento (DNAAS) e Administração de Infra-Estrutura de Água e
Saneamento (AIAS) tem proativamente procurado fontes alternativas de água perfurando furos,
porém o alto nível de salinidade das águas subterrâneas impede o consumo dessa agua para
humanos e gado. As actividades no âmbito deste projecto serão implementadas nas províncias de
Gaza e Inhambane, que foram as mais afectadas pela seca e é necessária uma resposta imediata.
1.10. POTENCIAIS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS E SOCIAIS E MEDIDAS DE MITIGAÇÃO
Como algumas áreas específicas do projeto ainda são desconhecidos, os impactos potenciais
apresentados no QGAS são gerais e servem como um guia para uma avaliação completa assim que
os mesmos forem selecionados. A avaliação de impacto deve ter em conta o âmbito das
intervenções potenciais.
O ERRP-AF proposto é um projeto de Categoria B, tal como o projecto original dado que todos
potenciais impactos identificados para os sub-componentes são específicas do local; poucos ou
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nenhum deles são irreversíveis; e em todos os casos as medidas de mitigação podem ser
prontamente executadas. Alguns dos potenciais impactos ambientais e sociais incluem, mas não se
limitam aos seguintes: erosão do solo (resultante da depuração da vegetação e escavações de solos
para atividades como a reabilitação e construção); poluição do ar; perturbação da integridade das
populações de plantas e animais e dos ecossistemas sensíveis; contaminação das águas subterrâneas
e superficiais como resultado de produtos químicos; escassez de água em algumas áreas durante as
obras de reabilitação ou de reparação de emergência; contaminação de rios ou do mar com salmoura
e resíduos de dessalinização; aumento das taxas de HIV / AIDS como resultado de trabalhadores
provenientes de outras áreas; doenças transmitidas pela água resultantes de águas residuais /
tratamento de água; contaminação de culturas agrícolas e produção; agua de má qualidade fornecida
às comunidades locais; incidentes e acidentes no local de trabalho; ruídos e vibrações e conflitos
sociais, entre outros.
Embora alguns impactos negativos sejam esperados deste project, existem também vários impactos
positivos. Os impactos positivos incluem: proteção contra inundações e secas, uma barragem
segura e protegida, melhoria da renda e nos meios de subsistência dos agricultores, aumento no
acesso e melhoria no abastecimento de água e saneamento, melhoria nos indicadores de saúde e
diminuição dos casos de doenças relacionadas ao consumo de águas não tratadas.
1.11. ANÁLISE DE ALTERNATIVAS
O Projeto apoiará investimentos de reabilitação ou reconstrução de infra-estruturas existentes,
minimizando assim possíveis impactos sociais e ambientais negativos e aumentando a eficiência
dos investimentos. Para avaliar os cenários alternativos e identificar a alternativa preferencial, foi
realizada uma análise das atividades propostas para o sub-projeto, tendo em conta as implicações
ambientais e sociais. A análise foi realizada tendo em conta três cenários, ou seja, i) cenário sem
projeto, ii) alternativa, iii) e cenário com a componente proposta pelo projecto. O cenário i) sem
projeto não é recomendável para qualquer um dos sub-projetos. As atividades propostas, cenário
com a componente proposta pelo projecto é uma opção melhor opção.
1.12. REQUISITOS DE MONITORIA DO DA QUADRO DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL
A monitoria e a elaboração de relatórios de progresso são áreas críticas para a implementação
adequada do presente QGAS, bem como do ERRP-AF em geral. Os requisitos de apresentação de
relatórios estabelecidos no projecto ERRP original devem ser mantidos e devem basear-se num
conjunto de indicadores a ser reportados, de forma regular, com responsabilidades específicas. O
objectivo específico do processo de monitoria é assegurar que o QGAS seja cumprido e verificado a
todos os níveis e fases do ciclo de execução do projecto. Deve haver um acompanhamento contínuo
que deverá incluir o estado de conformidade, bem como a realização dos objectivos do projecto.
A equipe interinstitucional de coordenação, com a autorização do Comitê Diretor, ira coordenar e
manter contacto com as outras instituições governamentais relevantes aos aspectos ambientais e
sociais do projecto. Os relatórios semanais, mensais, trimestrais e anuais devem ser preparados e
distribuídos a todas as entidades relevantes.
A implementação e a monitoria do QGAS devem ser realizadas por cada um dos proponentes do
projecto, em conjunto com as autoridades provinciais e distritais, e após consulta às pessoas
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afetadas. As autoridades distritais (SDAE / SDPI), assistidas pela assistência técnica financiada pelo
DPTADER e /ou ERRP, elaborarão relatórios anuais que irão incluir informações sobre a
implementação do presente QGAS. A DPTADER é obrigada a realizar inspeções anuais a todos os
projetos da categoria B. As revisões anuais da implementação do QGAS serão realizadas por um
consultor local independente, uma ONG ou um outro prestador de serviços que não esteja envolvido
no ERRP-AF, sujeito a aprovação do Comité Director e do Banco Mundial. Deverá ser realizada
uma auditoria ambiental independente de dois em dois anos.
1.13. PROCESSO DE TRIAGEM AMBIENTAL E SOCIAL
O processo de triagem destina-se a determinar quais das actividades do projecto poderão resultar
em efeitos ambientais e sociais negativos significativos, com vista a identificar medidas adequadas
para a redução do impacto de tais actividades e assegurar a sustentabilidade ambiental dos sub-
projectos realizados nas Áreas do projecto.
O processo de triagem deste projeto consiste em quatro etapas: i) revisão da lista de verificação de
impactos ambientais e sociais para projetos; ii) triagem dos impactos dos sub-componentes e locais;
iii) atribuição de categorias ambientais; e iv) preparação, revisão e aprovação de um Plano de Ação
Ambiental. O processo de triagem será realizado usando um formulário de triagem para o efeito em
anexo a este QGAS. A equipa de especialistas em salvaguardas já estabelecida nas unidades de
implementação será responsável pela realização do processo de rastreio ambiental e social.
1.14. CAPACITAÇÃO E NECESSIDADES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CAPACIDADE INSTITUCIONAL
De modo a atender às recomendações acima, cada Equipe de Salvaguarda de cada uma das
instituições responsáveis pela implementação do ERRP AF devera:
Identificar formações e treinar pessoal que será responsável pela monitoria dos PGA a todos
níveis local, distrital e provincial;
Assegurar uma coordenação intra-institucional eficaz para garantir a implementação
adequada das medidas de mitigação propostas para gestão ambiental e social.
Para a efetiva integração das medidas de mitigação propostas na planificação, implementação e
operacionalização das atividades do projecto, a implementação do QGAS sera da inteira
responsabilidade dos proponentes do projeto (DNGRH, AIAS), que assegurarão o cumprimento de
todas as medidas estipuladas no QGAS por todos os contratantes. Sera obrigatório que todos os
empreiteiros e supervisores contratem Especialistas Ambientais experientes para garantir a
implementação do QGAS.
1.15. CONCLUSÕES E RECOMENDAÇÕES
Espera-se que os impactos ambientais e sociais negativos associados ao ERRP - AF proposto sejam
de médio a curto prazo, localizados e insignificantes e poderão ser mitigadas através do
cumprimento dos Regulamentos de AIA e de um Plano de Gestão Ambiental e Social (PGAS). As
medidas específicas devem também ser implementadas pelos contratantes, devendo essas medidas
fazer parte dos PGAS dos contratantes. Os impactos socioeconômicos, como os associados ao
reassentamento involuntário e à compensação, podem ser facilmente tratados através de um RAPs
abreviados ou de um RAP completo, conforme aplicável, mais detalhes sobre este assunto esta na
QPR elaborado em paralelo ao presente documento.
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2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. INTRODUCTION
The Government of the Republic of Mozambique is seeking an additional financial support of
US$20 million from the Crisis Response Window (CRW) of the International Development
Association (IDA) of the World Bank Group for the Mozambique Emergency Resilient Recovery
Project (ERRP). The Emergency Resilient Recovery Project (ERRP) Additional Financing (AF)
seeks to address critical disaster-prone areas by providing immediate support to the affected
populations in restoring their livelihoods, as well as rehabilitate critical infrastructure essential for
public services and economic recovery in affected areas. The project also seeks to increase the
institutional capacity of the government’s post-disaster recovery system and promote long-term
resilience. These interventions are in line with key objectives and key areas of intervention as per
the ERRP original Project Document, particularly concerning Component D, which makes
provisions for Contingency Emergency Response in the event of an emergency.
The proposed AF will provide support to the Government of Mozambique in its emergency
response to the 2015-2016 drought negative impact caused by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) phenomenon. The proposed project will maintain a multi-sectoral approach to resilient and
sustainable recovery, building on the ERRP components, and is designed to meet the immediate
food security needs of the drought affected population as well as the critical needs for drought
mitigation identified for the water sector. The expected outcomes are: (i) a scale up of the resilient
water management and water supply infrastructure to mitigate drought impact (US$16.5 million);
and (ii) improved resilience of drought-affected communities through food security emergency
interventions (US$3.5 million) as part of the Government's Strategic Response Plan for Drought
Emergency to support over 1.5 million people from December 2016 to March 2017.
The current document was prepared based on the original ERRP project document and ESMF,
extensive literature reviews in the proposed project areas; review of lessons from past projects;
synthesis of relevant provisions from the Mozambican legal framework related to the ESMF and
World Bank Safeguard Policies and guideline documents; as well as feedback obtained from public
consultation meetings carried out when preparing this document.
The objectives of this ESMF are to:
Provide clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social assessment,
review, approval and implementation of investments to be financed under the Emergency
Resilient Recovery Project Additional Financing;
Specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting
procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social effects related to project
investments;
Determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully
implement the provisions of the ESMF;
Establish the project funding required to implement the ESMF requirements; and
Provide practical information on resources for implementing the ESMF.
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Projects are therefore required to have an ESMF which provides guidance for the preparation of an
Environmental and Social Management Plan and should make provisions for how potential negative
environmental and social impacts will be effectively mitigated. The ESMF and the Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF) will also be used as references for the elaboration of safeguards
instruments related to the ERRP AF.
The potential environmental and social impacts associated with the Project have been highlighted,
and suitable mitigation measures to offset the potential negative impacts have been recommended to
the project proponent. Recommendations have also made concerning the need to improve the
institutional capacity of the entities responsible for each of the sub-components to continue
integrating environmental and social considerations in the related projects.
2.2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to restore the functionality of critical infrastructure in
a resilient manner in the disaster-affected provinces; and to improve the Government of
Mozambique’s capacity to respond promptly and effectively to an eligible crisis or emergency. This
additional financing does not introduce any changes to PDO.
The restructured project will continue with the original activities contained in Component A -
Resilient infrastructure rehabilitation. New investments in drought mitigation and water supply
infrastructure will be added. Likewise, the restructuring will introduce in Component C additional
project monitoring and supervision activities, and add a Component E for financing of emergency
activities related to food distribution.
Key expected results of the project are: (i) increase in the number of direct project beneficiaries
(from new activities); (ii) increase in the number of people in urban areas provided with access to
improved water sources (from the new activities); (iii) increase in the number of improved
community water points constructed or rehabilitated under the project; and (iv) increase in the
number of people provided with food assistance.
2.3. TARGETED PROJECT AREAS
The direct Project beneficiaries of the AF are the population of Gaza and Inhambane provinces,
who will benefit from rehabilitated infrastructure under this operation, particularly inhabitants of
the flood prone areas in Chókwè. Other direct project beneficiaries include the populations of
Chigubo, Chicualala, Funhalouro and Massingir. The ERRP AF has (a) consistency between the
strategic objectives and implementation approach of the original project and the proposed additional
financing towards building the resilience of the affected communities to recover from a cyclical
spate of flooding and drought; (b) some geographic overlaps between the beneficiary provinces
across the original project and the proposed additional financing, (c) technical alignment and
financial support; and (d) opportunity for the quickest possible utilization of Bank resources for
drought recovery through the use of ERRP AF’s well established institutional, implementation and
fiduciary oversight arrangements, coordinated through its Project Implementation Units (PIUs).
2.4. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
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The project maintains the implementation arrangements of the parent ERRP project, therefore it
will be implemented by the Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources (MOPHRH), through
the National Directorate of Management of Water Resources (DNGRH) and the Water Supply and
Sanitation Infrastructure Administration (AIAS). In terms of institutional arrangements, and given
the multispectral nature of the project in dealing with emergencies, it is expected that the project is
implemented by existing units from the aforementioned institutions. Both DNGRH and AIAS have
created specific Project Implementation Units to oversee the implementation of the ERRP project.
2.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
Public consultations were carried out in three districts of the 2 provinces targeted by the ERRP AF,
namely in Chókwè and Chicualacuala in Gaza province, and in Funhalouro in Inhambane province,
as well as at central level, with the objective of gathering public perceptions of the proposed
activities as well as of the provinces and key areas of intervention. The consultation process
comprised two methods: (i) consultation on a one-to-one basis with key stakeholders (officials from
line ministries, national organizations, NGOs, the World Bank and technical staff from targeted
provinces), and (ii) public meetings held in the aforementioned districts.
The objective of the consultation process was to gather general perceptions and views of all relevant
stakeholders (project-affected persons as well as interested persons) on the proposed project.
Among others, the Consultant sought to identify and confirm conditions in the different district
contexts, and determine specific impacts that would require to be addressed under the scope of the
present ESMF.
2.6. WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES
The World Bank Safeguard Policies (OPs) are critical for the institution’s support to poverty
reduction in a sustainable manner, and involving affected and interested parties of the project. The
ERRP - AF has the potential of triggering most of the policies due to the nature and objective of the
project related to the reconstruction and rehabilitation of infrastructures which include the
Macarretane Barrage, water supply systems, installation of desalination plants and the water
dispensers for livestock, and these are likely to cause certain negative environmental and social
effects. The OPs triggered by the ERRP-AF are the OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment), OP 4.12
(Involuntary Resettlement), OP 4.04 (Natural Habitats), OP 4.11 (Physical Cultural Resources), OP
4.37 (Safety of Dams), and OP 7.50 (Projects on International Waterways).
The ESMF provides practical tools for preparing and/or implementing Environmental and Social
Management Plans (ESMPs) and full or Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans (A-RAPs).
Preparation of the latter is guided by the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) prepared as a
separate document and in parallel to the present ESMF.
2.7. MOZAMBIQUE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK
A summary of environmental and social related policies, laws and regulations in Mozambique,
particularly those of relevance to the Project has been included in the present ESMF. Relevant
legislation in Mozambique include:
The Constitution (2004);
18
The National Environment Policy in Mozambique including Environmental Law;
EIA Regulation;
Disaster Management Law;
The National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA);
The Land Law;
Legislation on Water and Water Rights;
The National Strategy for the Management of Water Resources;
Regulation for Small Dams;
Electric Energy Law;
Labour Law;
Regulations on Contracting for Public Civil Works;
Resettlement Legislation;
Public Consultation Regulations.
Mozambique’s EIA is regulated by the Decree 54/2015 of 31 December and defined four categories
of projects, namely:
Category A+ which require a full EIA to be undertaken and supervised by Independent
Specialists Reviewers with verifiable experience; Category A which require a full EIA;
Category B which require a simplified Environmental Stud as their impacts are less
significant or require less complex mitigation measures; and
Category C which do not require an EIA but must abide to the regulations on environmental impact.
The Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development (MITADER) has the mandate for
issues related to land, environmental management and rural development at all level (national,
provincial and district). Thus, the Provincial Directorates (DPTADER) as well as district
representations will have a key role in the appraisal, approval and monitoring of sub-components of
the project to ensure compliances with the Mozambican legislation and safeguards as outlined in the
ESMF.
2.8. GAPS IN THE MOZAMBICAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND IN THE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD
POLICIES
The major gap in both related Mozambican legislation and in the World Bank Safe Guard Policies
is related to the lack of clear procedures and norms for handling health, safety and safety for both
the local population of a particular project area and/ or the project workers. The Mozambican
legislation does touch on safety in the workplace, however falls short in terms of making specific
provisions for projects such as the ERRP. In order to bridge the gap on procedures for health, safety
and security, the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines1 as well
as world Bank Safeguard Policy OP 4.01 are recommended to guide the project proponent
throughout all phases of implementation of the project, and also to provide some guidance on what
mitigation measures should be taken. In addition to this, the Bank has put in place a set of
Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) Enhancements for Standard Procurement
1http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-
ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines
19
Documents (SPDs) and Standard Bidding Documents (SBDs) which shall be applicable for all new
works contracts for which the relevant SBD/SPD are used2.
2.9. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SETTING
Mozambique is experiencing consecutive disasters with devastating floods in the 2014/15 season
and continuing dry spells leading to an agricultural drought in the 2015/16 season, which have
severely affected agricultural production and food security in the country. Data from the Ministry of
Agriculture and Food Security (MASA) indicates that the drought has resulted in the loss of about
875,000 ha of several crops affecting 464,879 farmers. It is estimated that 191,656 children are
expected to be malnourished over the next 12 months in all affected provinces. The food security
and nutritional assessment of the Technical Secretariat for Food Security and Nutrition (SETSAN),
released in March 2016, estimates 1.5 million people are in need of urgent food assistance in seven
provinces (Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane, Tete, Manica, Sofala and Zambézia). This shows severe
deterioration of food security situation as the initial assessment conducted in November 2015
indicated that 167,000 people were food insecure; an increase of food insecurity people by almost
900 percent in four months.
In April 2016, the Mozambican Government declared a red alert for the most drought-affected
provinces (Tete, Sofala, Gaza, Manica, Inhambane and Maputo) to signal a need to intensify and
expand the response actions, and calling for urgent international assistance. The GoM, through the
National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC), is leading the response to the disaster, with
support from humanitarian partners, including NGOs, the United Nations and other donors. The
GoM, through the Water Supply and Sanitation Department (DNAAS) and Water and Sanitation
Infrastructure Administration (AIAS) has been proactively looking for alternative sources of water
by drilling boreholes, however high level of salinity of groundwater has prevented its use for human
and cattle consumption. Activities under this project will be implemented in Gaza and Inhambane
provinces, which were the most affected by the drought and immediate response is required.
2.10. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Because some of the sites or specific project areas yet unknown, potential impacts presented in the
ESMF are general and serve as a guideline for a thorough assessment once the sites have been
selected. The impact assessment should take into account the scope of potential interventions.
The proposed ERRP-AF, as the original parent project, is a Category B project as all identified
potential impacts for the sub-components are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and
in all cases mitigation measures can be readily designed. Some of the potential environmental and
social impacts include, but are not limited to the following: soil erosion (resulting from vegetation
clearance and excavations of soils for activities such as the rehabilitation and construction); air
pollution; disruption of the integrity of plant and animal populations and sensitive ecosystems;
2 http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/324811490634997634/Summary-of-key-ESHS-enhancements-March-
102017.docx
The areas covered include Strengthened specifications/ employer’s requirements; code of conduct;
perfomance security; key ESHS personnel; reporting on EHSH; and EHSH considerations for civil works.
20
contamination of ground and surface water as a result of chemicals; water shortages in some areas
during the rehabilitation or emergency repairs works; contamination of rivers or the sea with brine
and waste from desalination plants, including other negative environmental impacts associated with
brine discharges such as effects on the production and growth of marine organisms, pollution of
fresh waters and increase in salinity levels in seawater, thermal pollution resulting from the
increasing temperatures of water and high total alkalinity is another big impact of brine discharge
which increases the amount of calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate and other elements of the sea
water twice to its normal level; increase in HIV/AIDS rates as a result of workers coming from
other areas; water borne illnesses resultant from still waters/ water treatment; contamination of
crops; bad quality water being supplied to local communities; incidents and accidents are bound to
occur in the workplace; noise and vibrations and social conflicts, amongst others.
Although some negative impacts are expected from this project, there are also some significant
positive impacts that may counteract the negative ones. The positive impacts include: protection
against floods and droughts, protected barrage, improved incomes and livelihoods of the involved
farmers and the region, increased access and improved water supply and sanitation, improved health
indicators and decrease in cases of water-related illnesses.
2.11. Cumulative Impacts
The proposed projects may generate cumulative impacts such as increased sediments to the the river
particularly during the construction phase of the downstream terrace of Macarretane Barrage. In
Addition, construction works including rehabilitation and expansion of water and sanitation systems
and installation of water desalination plants may potentially result in vegetation clearing, emission
of dust and gases to the atmosphere, hence, affecting the natural environs and air quality
respectively. Vehicle maintenance and dust suppression in the proximity of population
concentration points would minimize these impacts on human health. Unattended water leaks may
lead to creation of wet conditions that would encourage proliferation of disease vectors such as
mosquitoes. Continued withdrawal of ground water may increase the salinity of the aquifer. A
Management Plan may minimize the occurrence of these impacts.
The proposed ERRP-AF projects will collectively result in a set of positive impacts in the reduction
of the incidence of waterborne diseases through provision of potable water, increasing the welfare
of local people and children who spend part of their day looking for water by having more time to
be dedicated to personal development activities and income generation. These impacts if combined
with improved sanitation, improved nutrition with increased production as a result of rehabilitation
of the Macarretane barrage, as well as with improved availability of protein from live stock, form
positive cumulative impacts to improve the standards of living of the beneficiary communities.
2.12. Analysis of alternatives
The Project will support investments in the rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing
infrastructure, thus minimizing potential negative social and environmental impacts and increasing
the efficiency of the investments. To assess alternatives scenarios and to identify the preferred
alternative an analysis of the proposed sub-project activities an analysis was carried out with regard
to their environmental and social implications. The analysis was carried out for three scenarios,
namely, no-project scenario, alternative option, and with component scenario. A no project
alternative is not recommended for either of the sub-projects and their proposed activities as the
advantages of the proposed works with component scenario alternative it a better option than the
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“no-project” and “alternative option” scenarios.
2.13. Environmental and Social Management Framework Monitoring Requirements
Monitoring and reporting on progress are critical areas for the successful implementation of the
present EMSF as well as of the overall ERRP-AF. Reporting requirements set in the original parent
ERRP project should be maintained, and should be based on a set of indicators which should be
reported on, on a regular basis with specific responsibilities indicators set out here will be
mainstreamed into the overall monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for the project. The
specific objective of the monitoring process is to ensure that the ESMP is complied with and
verified at all levels and stages of the project implementation cycle. Monitoring shall be a
continuous process and should include the status of compliance as well as achievement of the
objectives of the project.
The inter-institution coordination team, with the authorization of the Steering Committee, will
coordinate and liaise with other relevant government institutions with regards to environmental and
social monitoring of the project. Weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports shall be prepared
and distributed to all relevant entities.
The ESMF implementation and monitoring should be carried out by each of the project proponents,
in conjunction with provincial and district authorities, and following consultation with affected
persons. District authorities (SDAE/SDPI) assisted by DPTADER and/or ERRP funded technical
assistance will prepare annual monitoring reports that include information on the implementation of
the ESMF. DPTADER is required to conduct annual inspections for all category B projects. Annual
reviews of the implementation of the ESMF will be carried out by an independent local consultant,
NGO or another service provider that is not involved in the ERRP-AF, subject to by the Steering
Committee and the World Bank. Independently-commissioned bi-annual environmental auditing
should be carried out.
2.14. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS
The screening process is aimed at determining which of the project activities are likely to result in
significant negative environmental and social effects, with a view to determine appropriate impact
mitigation measures for such activities, and to ensure environmental sustainability of sub-projects
undertaken in the Project areas.
The screening process for this project consists of four steps: i) review of environmental and social
impacts checklist for projects; ii) screening of impacts from the sub-components and sites; iii)
assignment of environmental categories - Category A projects are not eligible for benefitting from
financing under this project. Projects under the aforementioned category are those that are likely to
have significant adverse environmental that are sensitive (if it may be irreversible), and the impact
may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to the physical works3; and iv)
preparation, review and approval of an Environmental Action Plan. The screening process will be
carried out using a screening form to be attached to this ESMF. The already established safeguards
3 World Bank Safeguard Policy: Operation Policy 4.01 Environmental Assessment
22
specialist team in the implementation units will be responsible for carrying out the environmental
and social screening process.
2.15. TRAINING AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT NEEDS
To address the above recommendations, each Safeguard Team from each of the institutions
responsible for the implementation of the ERRP shall:
Identify and train relevant personnel at all levels who will be responsible for monitoring
of EMPs at site, district and provincial levels;
Ensure effective intra-institutional coordination to certify that appropriate
implementation of the proposed mitigation measures for continued improvements in
environmental and social management.
For an effective integration of the proposed mitigation measures into planning, implementation and
operation of the program’s activities, the implementation of Project’s ESMP is the responsibility of
the project proponents (DNGRH, AIAS), who will ensure compliance with all measures stipulated
in the ESMP by all Contractors. Furthermore, it should be mandatory that all contractors and
supervisors employ experienced Environmental Specialists to ensure compliance with the ESMP.
2.16. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is expected that the negative environmental and social impacts associated with the proposed
ERRP - AF will be medium to short-term, localized, limited and reversible can be mitigated through
compliance with EIA Regulations and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).
Specific measures should be implemented also by Contractors, and such measures should form part
of the Contractors’ ESMPs. Socioeconomic impacts such as those associated to involuntary
resettlement and compensation can be easily dealt with through Abbreviated RAPs or a full RAP,
whichever is applicable – relevant guidance will be available on the RPF prepared in parallel to the
present ESMF.
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3. INTRODUCTION
The Government of the Republic of Mozambique is seeking an additional financial support of
US$20million from the Crisis Response Window (CRW) of the International Development
Association (IDA) of the World Bank Group for the Mozambique Emergency Resilient Recovery
Project (ERRP).
The Emergency Resilient Recovery Project (ERRP) Additional Financing (AF) seeks to address
critical disaster-prone areas by providing immediate support to the affected populations in restoring
their livelihoods, as well as rehabilitate critical infrastructure essential for public services and
economic recovery in affected areas. The project also seeks to increase the institutional capacity of
the government’s post-disaster recovery system and promote long-term resilience. These
interventions are in line with key objectives and key areas of intervention as per the ERRP original
Project Document, particularly with regards to Component D which makes provisions for
Contingency Emergency Response in the event of an emergency.
The proposed AF will provide support to the Government of Mozambique in its emergency
response to the 2015-2016 drought negative impact caused by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) phenomenon. The proposed project will maintain a multi-sectoral approach to resilient and
sustainable recovery, building on the ERRP components, and is designed to meet the immediate
food security needs of the drought affected population as well as the critical needs for drought
mitigation identified for the water sector. The expected outcomes are: (i) a scale up of the resilient
water management and water supply infrastructure to mitigate drought impact (US$16.5 million);
and (ii) improved resilience of drought-affected communities through food security emergency
interventions (US$3.5 million) as part of the Government's Strategic Response Plan for Drought
Emergency to support over 1.5 million people from December 2016 to March 2017.
The present Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is prepared in compliance
with the Safeguard Policies set by the World Bank (WB) as well as by the Mozambique
Environmental and Social Management legal regulations which stipulate that the financing of
development plans and programs is subject to an assessment and the mitigation of potential
environmental and social impacts of future projects. An ESMF has been prepared for the ERRP,
however for the purposes of the approval of Additional Financing for activities not specified in the
original document, and as per the recommendations of the ESMF itself, separate ESMF are required
to be prepared where activities are not contemplated in the document, and where adverse
environmental and social impacts may arise.
The ESMF is an instrument that enables the screening process to facilitate early identification of
potential negative environmental and social effects associated with the future construction/
rehabilitation of public infrastructure, specifically with regards to the safe location of projects,
identification of issues associated with deforestation, soil erosion, pollution of soil and water
resources, waste management, and other factors related to the installation, operation and
maintenance of projects. The ESMF describes the process of assigning environmental categories for
the proposed projects, identifies potential negative environmental and social impacts, and outlines
the institutional arrangements and timeframe for the implementation of mitigation and monitoring
measures.
24
Projects are therefore required to have an ESMF which provides guidance for the preparation of an
Environmental and Social Management Plan and should make provisions for how potential negative
environmental and social impacts will be effectively mitigated. The ESMF and the Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF) will also be used as references for the elaboration of safeguards
instruments related to the ERRP Program.
The ESMF has a number of principles which will provide the following:
A systematic procedure for a participative process of environmental and social screening of
the specific project areas and activities;
A step by step process to identity and prevent potential environmental and social impacts of
the planned project activities;
An environmental and social management plan to deal with arising environmental and
social aspects during the implementation of the project;
A monitoring and evaluation system for the implementation of mitigation measures and
actions;
Draft recommendations for training needs required for planning and monitoring of the
project;
A budget to ensure that the project has the necessary resources to achieve the desired
objectives, particularly those related to the preparation and implementation of sub-projects/
sub-components.
The World Bank also establishes the need for preparation of a Resettlement Policy Framework
(RPF) to foresee the mitigation of projects’ negative social effects particularly those activities likely
to cause involuntary displacement of communities or disruption of their livelihoods as per the
Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). The policy covers direct economic and
social impacts that are caused by the involuntary land acquisition resulting in impact on, relocation,
or loss of shelter; impact on, or loss of assets; loss of income sources or means of livelihood; and/
or loss of access to locations that provide higher incomes or lower expenditures to businesses or
persons. Prior to undertaking of any resettlement activities, an analysis will be conducted and a
Resettlement Action Plan prepared to determine positive and negative impacts of the proposed
intervention for the communities and families to be impacted. For the purpose of this Project, a RPF
is prepared as a separate document.
The objectives of this ESMF are to:
Provide clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social assessment,
review, approval and implementation of the subprojects activities funded under the
Emergency Resilient Recovery - Additional Financing Project;
Specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting
procedures, including managing and monitoring environmental and social impacts related to
project investments;
Determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully
implement the provisions of the ESMF and subsequent ESIA/ESMP as applicable;
Establish the project funding required to implement the ESMF requirements; and
Provide practical information on resources for implementing the ESMF.
25
This ESMF is structured as follows: i) introduction and the objectives of the Environmental and
Social Management Framework (ESMF); ii) description of the Project; iii) an overview of the
World Bank Safeguard Policies, as well as an; iv) overview of Mozambique’s Environmental
Policy including the country’s regulatory frameworks; v) description of possible environmental and
social impacts of the project as well as recommendations for mitigation measures and actions; and
vi) guidelines on how the environmental and social screening process should take place.
4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1. PROJECT OUTLINE
As per the parent ERRP, the Project Development Objective (PDO) is to restore the functionality of
critical infrastructure in a resilient manner in the disaster-affected provinces, as well as improving
the Government of Mozambique’s capacity to respond promptly and effectively to an eligible crisis
or emergency. The proposed additional financing does not introduce any changes to PDO of the
parent ERRP project.
The direct Project beneficiaries will be the population of Gaza and Inhambane provinces, who will
benefit from rehabilitated water supply and sanitation infrastructure under the proposed additional
financing, particularly inhabitants of the flood prone areas in Chókwè district. The ERRP has (a)
consistency between the strategic objectives and implementation approach of the original project
and the proposed additional financing towards building the resilience of the affected communities to
recover from a cyclical spate of flooding and drought; (b) some geographic overlaps between the
beneficiary provinces across the original project and the proposed additional financing; (c) technical
alignment and financial support; and (d) opportunity for the quickest possible utilization of Bank
resources for drought recovery through the use of ERRP’s well established institutional,
implementation and fiduciary oversight arrangements, coordinated through its Project
Implementation Units (PIUs).
The water-related rehabilitation works include the multipurpose Macarretane Barrage, an
infrastructure for food security and drought mitigation that also serves as a transport corridor to the
lower Limpopo region. The Macarretane Barrage serves to raise the Limpopo river level with a
view to provide irrigation water in Chókwè. The works to provide access to improved drinking
water services in the districts of Chicualacuala and Funhalouro will result in improved sanitation
and hygiene conditions, which ultimately improve their living standards. The hydrogeological
environment of the districts of Chigubo and Massingir area is not favorable for freshwater. Water
from boreholes in these areas is salty with high electric conductivity limits than it is recommended
for human consumption.
4.2. PROJECT LOCATION MAP
The Emergency Resilience Recovery Project – Additional Financing (ERRP) will be implemented
in the southern Mozambique in the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane, specifically in the districts of
Chókwè, Chigubo, Massingir and Chicualacuala, in response to drought that adversely affected the
regions in 2015-2016.
26
Figure 1: Location map of project target areas
4.3. PROJECT COMPONENTS
This additional financing does not introduce any changes to initial project objective of the parent
ERRP. The restructured project for the AF will comprise project’s activities contained in
Component A - Resilient infrastructure rehabilitation – new investments in drought mitigation and
water supply infrastructure will be added. Similarly, the restructuring will introduce in Component
C additional project monitoring and supervision activities, and add a Component E for financing of
emergency activities related to food distribution. No change will be introduced in Component B.
The institutional aspects of the project will also be scaled-up to strengthen the organizational and
operational capability of the implementation agencies. The Project’s components covered by this
AF are summarized below:
Component A. Resilient Infrastructure Rehabilitation
Scaling up of the resilience of water management and supply infrastructure to mitigate drought
impact (US$16.5 million). Funds will be used to rehabilitate the Macarretane Barrage, and install
small water distribution systems and desalination plants. This component is structured in the
following sub-components:
Sub-Component A.5 - Rehabilitation of the Macarretane Barrage (U$10 million). Macarretane
Barrage is a 3,20 meters high, 650-meter-long barrage across the Limpopo River 50 km upstream of
the Chokwè irrigation scheme. It consists of 40 piers and 39 gates that serve to regulate water levels
in the Limpopo River in order to supply irrigation water to the Chokwè Irrigation Scheme. The
barrage is located approximately 16 km upstream of the Chókwè town. The catchment area at the
27
barrage is around 342 000 km2. Under this subcomponent, funds will be used to improve the
structural stability of the foundations and the concrete block carpet downstream with a view to
reinforce the integrity of the Macarretane Barrage. The proposed action is complimentary to
previous IDA interventions, subsequent to 2013 Limpopo Floods, after which the which gates and
electrical system, as well as the protection of the left wing wall with rock fill were rehabilitated.
This Macarretane Barrage is designed to be a multi-purpose strategic infrastructure for drought
mitigation that also serves as a transport corridor to the lower Limpopo region. The main function
of the Macarretane Barrage is to raise the Limpopo river water level in order to feed the water
intake of the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme, which covers 23,000 ha and benefits 16,000 farmers
located downstream at Xai-Xai and Chókwè Districts. While the barrage does not have flood
attenuation capability, it plays an important role in maintaining (regularizing) environmental flow
requirements, particularly during the dry season. Finally, its piers support two bridge-decks (road
and railway) of particular regional importance, as they are a vital part of the Limpopo Corridor
System, which provides access to the Maputo Harbor for landlocked countries such as Zimbabwe,
Botswana and Zambia.
Sub-Component A.6 - Water supply systems rehabilitation and expansion (US$5.5 million).
Part of the additional financing will be to rehabilitate and expand the water supply systems of two
small towns, Chicualacuala and Funhalouro, benefiting over 41,000 people with access to improved
drinking water services in both quantity and quality. Furthermore, improved access to safe drinking
water will result in improved sanitation and hygiene conditions, which ultimately improve the
living standards of beneficiaries. Currently these villages lack public water supply systems, and
they rely on private boreholes supplying water to the population despite the quality of water being
below international standards (World Health Organization -WHO). These villages are in a
convergence area and will improve the access to water to a low-density populated area and
complements efforts being made by GoM to rehabilitate water systems in the region.
Sub-Component A.7 - Installation of water desalination systems (US$1 million). Under this
sub-component, funds will be used to supply and install fixed and containerized desalination
systems in existing boreholes with brackish water, and to build multifunctional boreholes including
water dispensers for livestock. The total cost is estimated to US$1 million and would benefit more
than 24,000 people in the districts of Chigubo and Massingir in Gaza, the most affected province.
These areas are currently supplied by private distributors, driving more than 200 km from Chókwè,
provide at a higher cost the water supply to affected population. The hydrogeological condition of
the area is not favourable for fresh water, and the salinity is higher than limits recommended for
water for human consumption. Desalination plants will make water available and significantly
reduce the cost associated to supplying fresh water to the targeted communities.
Component C. Project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
This component will finance Project implementation, monitoring and evaluation costs of MOPHRH
(for DNGRH) and AIAS for their related scaled up activities under the additional financing.
Sub-Component C.1 - Project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation by MOPHRH
(US$0.3 million). This sub-component will cover costs related to Project management,
coordination, including fiduciary, safeguards assessments, and monitoring and evaluation. The
28
proposed funding will leverage the resources allocated at the original project to a total of US$1.8
million.
Sub-Component C.4 - Project Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation by AIAS (US$0.2
million). This sub-component will cover costs related to Project management, coordination,
monitoring and evaluation, including fiduciary, safeguards assessments, and monitoring and
evaluation. The proposed funding will leverage the resources allocated at the original project to a
total of US$0.7 million.
Component E. Food security emergency interventions (US$3 million). Provision of support for
the procurement and targeted distribution of grains (maize and beans) to Beneficiaries, under the
modality of Food for Work. Funds from this component will be used to finance the purchase of
grains (maize and beans) as part of the Strategic Response Plan for Drought Emergency to support
over 1.5 million people from December 2016 to March 2017. This activity seeks to support closing
funding gap of the Government's Strategic Response Plan for Drought Emergency.
5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
The parent ERRP project is implemented by a number of institutions working in different areas,
these being: The Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources (MOPHRH), through the National
Directorate of Management of Water Resources (DNGRH); the Ministry of Education and Human
Development (MINEDH); the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MASA) through the
National Irrigation Institute (INIR); and the Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure
Administration (AIAS). The project is being implemented by existing units from the
aforementioned institutions.
The project is managed by a Steering Committee, led by the Ministry of Economy and Finance
(MEF) and the National Disaster Management Institute (INGC). The Steering Committee has the
role of coordinating, monitoring and supervising the implementation of the project. It is equally
responsible for analyzing progress reports submitted by the implementation units every trimester.
The inter-institutional coordination role is led by the National Directorate of Management of
Water Resources, responsible for the day-to-day implementation and oversight of activities. The
DNGRH has recruit a project coordinator and have the role of consolidating and harmonizing the
reports submitted by the different sectors. DNGRH subsequently submits all consolidated reports to
the Steering Committee as well as to the World Bank.
The proposed Mozambique Emergency Resilient Recovery Project – Additional Financing will be
coordinated within the existing Project Management/Implementation Unit in Ministry of
Agriculture and Food Security and Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources.
Implementers will include various agencies including district councils throughout the targeted
provinces, with selection of priority geographic areas for food distribution being dependent upon
the emergency nature of the project.
29
While different entities will be responsible for the implementation of the different sub-components
of this project, it is of upmost importance that the project is managed correctly to ensure coherence
as well as to ensure that the objectives and the expected results of the project are met. Each entity
involved in the project cycle, including the coordinating functions of the MOPHRH and the
Steering Committee, have a key role and responsibility in the timely implementation of activities, in
monitoring and evaluation, as well as in the submission of reports.
Figure 2: Implementation Arrangements
Source: World Bank, Project Appraisal Document for Emergency Resilient Recovery Project for the northern and
central regions
AIAS will also use existing implementation arrangements and share resources from other projects.
AIAS is responsible for the provision of urban water infrastructure and all urban sanitation
infrastructure, including drainage across the country except for large cities. A separate Project
Agreement will be required for AIAS, as this is an independent agency with financial and
procurement autonomy.
5.1. INTERVENTIONS WITH POTENTIAL FOR LAND ACQUISITION
As stated above the project main interventions which are expected to trigger resettlement are: (i)
construction and operation of small and medium size dams/weirs/water retention infrastructures for
agricultural irrigation; (ii) alignment and realignment as well as improvement of rural feeder roads
including construction and rehabilitation of small bridges/culverts; (iii) construction and
rehabilitation of storage facilities and other types of priority infrastructure; and (iv) land
delimitation and individual land tenure titling.
30
6. TARGETED PROJECTS AREAS
6.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CONTEXT IN MOZAMBIQUE
Mozambique comprises a national territory of 799,380 km2
of which 2% involves inland water
bodies and 13% national parks and 21% of forest cover. The country is located in the sub-Saharan
East of the African Continent, bordering with Tanzania in the North, Malawi, Zambia and
Zimbabwe in the West, South Africa and Swaziland in the South and the Indian Ocean in the
Eastern part which encompass a 2,500 km of coastline and an exclusive economic zone of 200
nautical miles. The country has thirty-nine major rivers which drain into the Indian Ocean, and an
impressive environment, which constitutes a significant public asset and is the basis upon which
much of its recent macro-economic development and poverty reduction has been achieved. All the
key sectors of the Mozambican economy (i.e. agriculture, mining, tourism, forestry, fisheries and
wildlife) are based on natural resources. Mozambique’s rich ecosystems, biodiversity and natural
resources hold a significant exportable value and commercial potential.
It is important to highlight that despite these impressive environmental and agro-ecological climate
of Mozambique, country is extremely vulnerable to natural disasters namely; floods, drought, and
cyclones due to its geographic location, its climate conditions, extremely high levels of poverty and
exposure of people to these disasters as well as the limited availability of resources in the country to
build resilience. Mozambique is considered the second most geographically exposed to natural
disasters country in Africa. The recurrence of natural disasters in the country on annual basis have
adverse impacts not only on the human lives, but also on livelihoods, infrastructure and hamper
development and growth investments and efforts. This is particularly evident with the floods that
occurred in 2014 and 2015, that had negative impacts in the central and northern regions of the
country, particularly in the proposed project areas (Zambézia, Niassa and Nampula). More recently
with the El Nino phenomena which started at the end of the last quarter of 2015, natural disasters
have been affecting parts of the country, hitting particularly the southern and central regions of
Mozambique with droughts in the south critically affecting the interior districts of Gaza and
Inhambane provinces. According to the Vulnerability Assessment carried out by the Food Security
and Nutrition Technical Secretariat (SETSAN), in March 2016, El Niño has affected close to 1.5
million people, and humanitarian needs in terms of food assistance, severe and acute malnutrition
treatment as well as in terms water, hygiene and sanitation have been prioritized for the affected
groups.
Albeit significant advances have been achieved in Mozambique over the last decade in terms of
improvements in the social sectors (i.e. health and education) as well as in the general economy
(with an annual GDP of 7-8% until 2015), the country continues amongst the poorest in the world
and still close to half of the population lives in poverty. The 2015 Human Development Index
ranked Mozambique 180 out of 188 countries. Access to adequate health and education services and
other facilities remain challenging, particularly in with the fast population growth rates. Access to
potable water, and infrastructures such as roads, bridges and electrical power is also increasing at a
very slow pace and reaching less than 40% of the Mozambican.
The ERRP-Additional Financing provides an opportunity to mitigate and anticipate the effects of
drought in the provinces of Gaza by ensuring that adequate water and sanitation infrastructures are
31
built to meet the current demand as well as incorporating resilience elements that will allow the
beneficiaries to withstand future water shortages induced by severe droughts.
6.2. PROJECT LOCATIONS
Initially Emergency Resilience Recovery Project has been designed to be implemented over a 4-
year period, in specific provinces in the central (Zambézia) and northern (Niassa and Nampula)
regions of Mozambique. The three provinces were exposed to flooding, strong winds, erosion, and a
combination of these hazards, which have created significant damages accounting for severe losses
and damages in human lives, livelihoods and infrastructure affecting about 11.5 million.
The ERRP-Additional Financing is proposed to cover the interior districts of Gaza and
Inhambane, to support the Government of Mozambique in its emergency response to the 2015-2016
drought negative impact associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon.
The project beneficiaries will be the populations of Gaza and Inhambane provinces particularly the
16,000 farmers located downstream at Xai-Xai and Chókwè irrigation scheme, who will benefit
from the rehabilitation of Macarretane Barrage. Additionally, about 41,000 people in Chicualacuala
and Funhalouro will benefit from rehabilitated and expanded water supply systems as well as the
installation of water desalination plants in boreholes with brackish water that will benefit more than
24,000 people in the districts of Chigubo and Massingir in Gaza province.
6.2.1. Gaza Province
Gaza province is situated in the southern region of Mozambique. The province is known as the
granary of southern Mozambique due to the fertility of the Limpopo Valley with suitable conditions
for the cultivation of different cereals such as maize, rice, and a wide variety of vegetables.
Conditions for livestock production are some of the best nationwide. Fisheries, aquaculture, tourism
and energy generation are some of the other sectors with high potential for investments. The
province has a good network of infrastructure such as roads, railways and electricity. Gaza also has
the advantage of being close to South Africa. The province has beautiful beaches, notably Xai-Xai,
Chongoene, Bilene, which have attracted tourists from all around the world.
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Figure 3: Location map of project target area – Gaza Province
The capital of Gaza is Xai-Xai City, located about 210 km north of Maputo, the capital. With an
area of 75,334 km², the province is divided into 13 districts: Bilene, Chibuto, Chicualacuala,
Chigubo, Chókwè, Chonguene, Guijá, Mabalane, Mapai, Manjacaze, Massangena, Massingir and
Xai-Xai. The Gaza province is limited respectively to the north and south by the provinces of
Manica and Maputo, to the west by South Africa and the Eastern Province of the Indian Ocean and
Inhambane, and extends along the basins of the Limpopo and Changane, a lower plain land with
coastal dunes.
According to the 2007 Census data the Gaza province has 1,228,514 inhabitants, around 25% of
whom live in urban areas and 75% in rural areas. From 1997 to 2007 the population of the Gaza
Province has increased by 163,892 inhabitants (i.e. by 15.4%). The districts of Xai-Xai, Chibuto,
Chókwè, Mandlacaze and Bilene-Macia are the most populous, which represent more than half of
the inhabitants of the province. Per INE (2010) projections, the population of the Gaza province
will grow from 1,236,284 in 2007 to 1,467,951 in 2017, and will be around 1,549,407 inhabitants in
2020.
According to INE (2007) data, 38.5% of people from age 15 and above in the Gaza province cannot
read and write. This corresponds to a 14% decrease in illiteracy levels from the year 1997 to 2007.
The literacy rate was around 52.7% in. The illiteracy rate depends on the age group and sex. The
illiteracy rate is lower in youth than in adults and the illiteracy rate females was almost double that
of males. There are historical and social reasons for differences between youth and elderly members
33
of population. Youth tend to have more opportunities for education than older people and boys get a
higher priority compared to girls in rural households.
There is also a substantial variation in illiteracy rates based on the area of residence, which tend to
be higher in urban areas than in rural: 43.6% against 24.4%, respectively. The differentials by age
and sex at provincial level are repeated in urban and rural areas, with a greater proportion of women
whose illiteracy rate is more than twice that of men. It should be noted that for urban women aged
over 40 or older, the difference is even greater.
The target project area in Gaza Province will cover the districts of Chicualacuala, Chigubo, and
Massingir. The project in the Chókwè will be the rehabilitation of the Macarretane Barrage, while
the project in the Chiculacuala, Chigubo and Massingir will focus on improving water supply
systems.
The district of Chicualacuala is situated in the northwest parts of the province, with the
headquarters in the village of Chicualacuala, whose official name is Vila Eduardo Mondlane. The
District’s geographic boundaries to the north are with the District of Massangena, and to the east
with Chigubo District, to the southeast with Mabalane District, and to the west the District is
delimited by South Africa and Zimbabwe.
Chigubo District is situated in the northern part of Gaza Province, with its headquarters in the
village of Ndidiza from 2002, when it was transferred from Chigubo Saute. The District is delimited
geographically to the north by the District of Massangena, to the east by the districts of Mabote,
Funhalouro and Panda in Inhambane Province, to the south by Chibuto and Guijá, and to the west it
is bordered by the districts of Mabalane and Chicualacuala.
The City of Chókwè is the centre of the Chókwè District in the province of Gaza and is bordered by
Mabalane in the north, Guijá in the northeast, on the east by the district of Chibuto, to the south by
Bilene, and to the west it is delimited by the district of Magude.
The Massingir district along the centre is bordered to the north by the district of Chicualacuala, to
the east by Chókwè and Mabalane, to the south by the district of Magude, and to the west by South
Africa.
6.2.2. Inhambane Province
The Inhambane province is located in the southern part of Mozambique with an area of 68.615 km².
The province is the second largest producer of cashew nuts after Nampula, and produces coconuts,
citrus fruit, cassava and maize, among other crops. The long coastline supports fishing. The
Inhambane Bay area is of some interest for tourism, with a number of beaches, and one of the last
remaining populations of dugongs in Mozambique.
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Figure 4: Location map of project target area – Inhambane Province
According to the 2007 Census, 1,271,818 people were registered in the province of Inhambane, of
which 22% live in urban areas and 78% in rural areas. From 1997 to 2007, the population of the
province of Inhambane increased by 148,739 inhabitants, representing an increase of 13.2%. The
districts of Massinga, Zavala, Vilankulo, Morrumbene and Homoíne are the most populous, and
together comprise more than half the population of the province.
According to INE (2010) data, the total population of Inhambane Province was 1,157,182 in 1997;
1,271,818 in 2007; and currently about 1,547,850; and is projected to reach 1,622,912 in 2020.
The data indicate that 41.3% of the population aged from 15 and over cannot read or write, which is
a 13% reduction in the illiteracy rate, given that the illiteracy rate was 54.2% in 1997. The data also
show that the illiteracy rate varies per age and gender. Thus, illiteracy is lower at younger ages
since the opportunity to access school is higher now than in the past.
Regarding the gender differential, data indicates that illiteracy levels are more than twice as high in
females than in males. The priority set by parents in the upbringing of children tends to work to the
detriment of daughters resulting in this obvious gender inequality in education. There is also a
substantial variation in illiteracy rates according to the area of residence; in rural areas, this is
approximately twice as high as in urban areas: 46.8% against 23.6%, respectively. The differentials
by age and sex in the province are repeated in urban and rural areas, with a greater emphasis on
urban areas, where the illiteracy rate in women is three times that of men. It should be noted that for
urban women aged 40 or over, the difference is even greater.
35
Inhambane has a good climate, which is tropical throughout, more humid along the coast and dryer
inland especially in Mabote and Funhalouro districts. Inhambane has a huge potential for fishing.
According to Koppen's climatic classification, three types of climate are distinguished in
Inhambane Province, namely the rainy savannah tropical climate that occupies the entire coastal
strip; Dry steppe climate, with dry season in winter, occupying the interior of the province.
As for air temperature, the climate of Inhambane is hot, with the lowest annual average values on
the coastal areas (23 to 24ºC) and the highest in the interior (25ºC). The mean values of the
maximum daily temperatures during the hottest month (January inland and February in the coast)
vary from 30ºC in the coast to 35ºC in the interior. The average values of minimum daily
temperatures in the coldest month (July) vary from 10ºC in the interior to 16ºC in the coast. The
average amplitude of the annual temperature variation ranges from 6ºC in the coast and 9ºC in the
interior.
The average annual precipitation in Inhambane Province is approximately 800 millimeters. The
rains start in November, ending in February in the interior and in the month of June on the coast.
The duration of the rainy season increases progressively from 4 months in the interior region to 8
months on the coast. From the coast to the interior, the average annual rainfall ranges from less than
500 mm (inland) to more than 1000 mm (on the coast). The average annual precipitation between
800 and over 1000 mm is restricted to the coastal strip of the districts of Massinga, Morrumbene,
Inhambane City, Jangamo, Inharrime and Zavala to the North. The interior of the Mabote,
Funhalouro and Panda districts presents average annual rainfall below 500 mm.
The hydrology of Inhambane Province is composed of rivers, lakes / ponds and groundwater
(aquifers). There are at least 4 major and major river basins in the province of Inhambane, some in
the province in the case of the Govuro and Inharrime river basins, and others in other provinces,
such as the Save and Limpopo river basins. In addition to these 4 larger basins, there are other
smaller ones that play an important role at the local level, such as the Pedras river basin,
Inhanombe.
Groundwater resources in the national context are relatively modest but important at local level,
especially for water supply to rural and small town populations as well as for watering animals. It is
estimated that the global annual recharge of aquifers in Mozambique, not counting the interaction
with surface waters, is of the order of 2 km3, or about 1% of total water resources (DNA, 2005).
The aquifers present in the sedimentary formations south of the Save River have variable
characteristics. The earliest formations are of marine facies, which is the reason why waters are
generally very saline and not suitable for human consumption.
Some of the Tertiary aquifers produce very saline waters, while others produce good quality water,
with medium to high flow rates.
Quaternary dune formations normally occur along the coast and often produce good quality water,
although maximum productivity depends on the position of the interface between freshwater and
seawater.
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7. POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
ASSESSMENT IN MOZAMBIQUE
Mozambique’s Constitution recognizes that ecological balance, conservation and preservation of
the environment are key for the quality of life of its citizens. Several pieces of legislation and policy
provide legal context and background for environmental and social management system in
Mozambique. Because of the Rio Conference on Sustainable Development in 1992, Mozambique
like other countries has undergone major legal and institutional reforms in the environmental sector.
The country has adhered to a several international conventions and protocols for the protection of
the environment, and thus continues to improve the legislation on many sustainable development
issues in the country to ensure that Mozambicans enjoy quality living conditions.
The Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development is the Government institution
responsible for ensuring the preservation and responsible use of natural resources including land,
the coordination of environmental activities and environmental licensing. Provincial Directorates
for Coordination of Environmental Action (Direcções Provinciais de Terra, Ambiente e
Desenvolvimento Rural - DPTADER) and in some cases District Directorates for Coordination of
Environmental Action (Direcções Distritais de Infraestruturas) are the local representatives of
MITADER.
This section provides a summary of environmental and social related policies, laws and regulations
in Mozambique, particularly those of relevance to the Project.
7.1. THE CONSTITUTION
Chapter 5 Article 90 of the 2004 Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique, provides that all
citizens the right to live in a safe environment as well as the obligation to preserve it. The key
objective of the clause related to the environment in the Constitution is to provide a legal
framework for a proper use and management of the environment and its components, for the
achievement of sustainable development in the country. This achievement involves proper
management of the environment for the creation of conditions that guarantee health and well-being,
socio-economic and cultural development of communities and the conservation of natural
resources.
The state is also required by the Constitution to guarantee the sustainable use of natural resources
and ecological stability for future generations and to promote land use planning in order to ensure
that activities take place in the correct locations and that such activities contribute to balanced
socio-economic development. The 2004 Constitution also creates an obligation on communities to
protect, and makes provisions for the conservation and preservation of the environment, with a view
of guaranteeing the right to the environment and quality of life within the framework of sustainable
development as stipulated under Article 117.
7.2. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
The 1995 National Environment Policy in Mozambique, Resolution nº 5/95, establishes the basis of
all environmental legislation in the country. Per its Article 2.1, the main objective of this policy is
to ensure sustainable development to maintain an acceptable balance between socioeconomic
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development and environmental protection. To achieve the above objective, the policy must ensure,
among other requirements, the management of natural resources in the country and the environment
in general - in order to preserve their functional capacity and production for present and future
generations.
The 1997 Environmental Law (Law no 20/97) sets the environmental foundations for the policy and
institutional framework for environmental management in Mozambique. The Law establishes the
scope, institutions and appropriate management tools to deal with environmental management
issues.
The Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development (MITADER) is the main government
entity with the responsibility for coordination of government actions related to environment. With
the recent changes in the designation of the Ministry, it is not yet clear how the new structure will
comprise be based on an addition of areas to its mandate. It is possible however, to ascertain that
MITADER has the following competencies:
Inter-sectorial coordination of environmental issues;
Research planning and environmental management;
Territorial planning and land management;
Environmental impact assessments;
Environmental education and dissemination of information; and
Inspection and control inter alia.
In terms of principles to be followed for sustainable development, the Environmental Law of 1997
establishes the following:
the use and rational management of natural resources;
recognition and value of community knowledge and traditions;
environmental management based on preventive systems;
integrative management;
citizen participation; and
Accountability.
At national level, MITADER has the responsibility to guide the implementation of environmental
policies and to coordinate the sustainable planning and use of natural resources of the country. At
the provincial level, MITADER is represented by the Provincial Directorates for the Coordination
of Environmental Affairs (DPTADERs). At district level MITADER’s representation is through the
District Directorate for Infrastructure and the Environment. This department is responsible for
handling issues related to land use planning, as well as any issue related to environmental
protection.
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is recognized to be a vital procedure for an effective
development planning and is therefore a determinant watershed for environmental protection in the
country. It includes provisions for EIA, Environmental Management Plans (EMP), and
environmental auditing.
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Mozambique’s EIA is regulated by the Decree 54/2015 of 31 December, which revokes Decree
76/98 (of 29 of December), and the revised in 2004 and updated by Decree 45/2004 (of 29 of
September). The main changes involve the establishment of three EIA categories, namely:
Category A+ - For projects with likely significant impacts decision making is reserved for
the central level, in these instances a full EIA is required to be undertaken and supervised
by Independent Specialists Reviewers with verifiable experience;
Category A - For projects with likely significant impacts decision making is reserved for
the central level, in these instances a full EIA is required;
Category B - For projects with impacts considered less significant or which require less
complex mitigation measures decisions are made at provincial and local levels, for instance,
when a Simplified Environmental Study (EAS) is required;
Category C - Is for small projects that may not require an EIA, but must follow the
regulations for environmental impact. For these projects, decisions are also made at
provincial level. Projects under this category are subject to Good Practices of
Environmental Management Procedures, which should be elaborated by the project
proponent and submitted to MITADER or the entity responsible for the approval process.
Article 5 of Decree 54/2015 makes provisions for exemption in undertaking the EIA or simplified
EIA for some activities, particularly those related to immediate actions in response to disasters or
natural calamities, emergency situations resultant from development activities, and activities related
to national defense and security. In the case of disasters and emergency situations, Article (2)
stipulates that MITADER should make instructions for such exemptions, and make provisions for
audits posteriorly.
One of the important changes made with the recently approved Decree 54/2015 is related to fees to
be paid by project proponents for the decision on environmental viability as per Article 23. Article
27 set the fee at 0.30% of the investment amount to be paid for Category A+ projects; 0.20% for
Category A and B projects; 0.02% for Category C projects with an investment above 5,000,000.00
meticais and 1,000.00 meticais for projects with an investment value of up to 5,000,000,00
meticais.
Environmental Audits and Environmental Inspection are regulated by Decrees No. 32/2003 (of
August 20) and No. 11/2006 (of July 15) respectively. The Regulation on Environmental Audit
Process indicates that public or private activities are subject to public environmental audits
conducted by MITADER as well as private entities. According to this regulation, audited entities
are required to provide to the auditors’ full access to the sites to be audited, as well as all
information that may be required during the auditing process. Meanwhile, the Regulation on
Environmental Inspections (Decree No. 11/2006 of July 15) regulates the mechanisms for
inspection of public and private activities, which directly or indirectly are likely to cause negative
environmental impacts. This law aims to regulate the activity of supervision, control and
surveillance of compliance with environmental protection measures as recommended for
development projects.
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The Mozambican Environmental Law also establishes that an EIA must be undertaken for all
development projects, policies, plans and programs that may have a significant impact on the
environment, and recognizes the need to guarantee the participation of local communities and to
utilize their knowledge and human resources in the protection of the environment.
Given the nature of the foreseen works to be contemplated under the ERRP, it is expected that most
potential impacts can be effectively mitigated through the use of Environmental Management Plan
(EMP), guided by the existing EIA Regulations in Mozambique as well as other Directives which
aim at minimizing the impact of development projects upon the natural environment and human
health.
7.3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The Disaster Management Law, 15/2014 of June 20, 2014 establishes the legal framework for
disaster management and makes provisions for prevention, mitigation, recovery and reconstruction.
The main objective of disaster management, as defined by the above law, is to prevent or reduce the
adverse impacts of natural disasters on human lives. The law defines the following: solidarity,
justice, efficiency and participation and cooperation as the essential principles of disaster
management. Decree 7/2016 of 21 March, regulates the above Law and establishes the legal rules
for disaster management in the country. Until recently, the Master Plan Natural Disaster Prevention
and Mitigation (2006-2016) has been used as an operational document as it has specific objectives,
expected results and actions or activities to be implemented to achieve the desired result.
7.4. THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE (ENMC)
The 2013-2025 National Strategy for Climate Change (ENMC) was approved in November 2012
and aim at reducing vulnerability to climate change and improve the living conditions of the
Mozambicans. It proposes climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction measures and also
focuses on mitigation by targeting low carbon development. The ENMC is structured around three
core themes: (i) adaptation and climate risk management; (ii) mitigation and low carbon
development (iii) cross cutting issues. These include institutional and legal reform for climate
change, research on climate change, and training and technology transfer. Covering the period
2013-2025, the implementation of the ENMC is planned in three phases. The first phase (2013-
2015) focuses on improving the response of local communities to climate change, reducing poverty,
planning adaptation measures, as well as identifying opportunities for the development of low-
carbon economy in local communities. The Strategy also proposes the establishment of a Centre of
Knowledge on Climate Change (CGC) within the Ministry of Science and Technology. The
primary objective of the centre should be to collect, manage and disseminate scientific knowledge
on climate change, providing crucial information from the development of policies and plans.
7.5. THE NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAM OF ACTION (NAPA)
The National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) sets out the immediate and urgent needs of the
country that have been identified during a participative evaluation process, for the purposes of
strengthening national capacity to cope with the adverse effects of climate change.
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The NAPA has 7 objectives: strengthening early warning systems; strengthening capacities of
subsistence farmers in dealing with the adverse impacts of climate change; improvement knowledge
and the management of rivers; promote actions to limit erosion and ensure sustainable fishing;
promote actions that will contribute to the reduction of emission of greenhouse gases; promote
public education on climate change and improve coordination between various actors working on
issues related to the assessment of climate change vulnerabilities and risk reduction.
The NAPA is a relevant document for the ERRP, given its specific focus on providing guidance on
how to address and adapt to the effects of climate change in Mozambique. Of particular relevance is
that the document outlines four key actions that should be employed to reduce the adverse impacts
of natural disasters through adaptation, highlighting the use of locally available resources and cost
efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable approaches.
7.6. THE LAND LAW
In Mozambique land issues are governed by the Land law 19/97 of October 1st, 1997 and its Decree
66/98 of December 8th, 1998. The country is said to have one of the most progressive land laws in
Africa mainly because it safeguards the rights of its population over land and natural resources
whilst promoting investments and sustainable use of resources. The Law clearly provides that “land
is property of the state and cannot be sold or otherwise alienated, mortgaged or seized” (Art. 3 of
the Land Law). Land is attributed in the form of a 50-year renewable lease known as a Land Title or
DUAT (Direito de Uso e Aproveitamento de Terra) in Portuguese. The prerequisites for the
acquisition of the DUAT differ for national and foreign subjects. According to the Land Law, the
acquisition process requires the judgment of local administrative authorities, and a consultation with
the corresponding communities to ensure that the area in question is free and unoccupied (Art. 13,
19/97).
7.7. LEGISLATION ON WATER AND WATER RIGHTS
The Mozambican Constitution of 2004 provides that all water resources are owned by the state. In
terms of the actual management of water and water rights, the 1991 Water Law 16/91 of August 3rd
1991 is the key legal and regulatory framework. Likewise, land, Water Law stipulates that water is
of public domain, that it is inalienable and imprescriptible, and that rights to its use shall be
conferred by the State (Art. 1 (3). In general terms, the law makes provisions for the management of
water and the acquisition of water rights. The objective of the Law is to provide a general legal
framework governing the activities of protection and conservation, inventorying, use and
appropriation, control and monitoring of water resources. Directives are provided for water
management policy, which include the roles and responsibilities of the State in the promotion,
creation of guidelines and regulation of the use of water in different sectors including agriculture.
Art. 21 of the Law makes a distinction between water for common use and water for private use.
Common use includes household consumption as well as smallholder agriculture on up to 1ha of
land (but excludes irrigation or usage of water with mechanical equipment). The use of water under
this category is not subject to a license or concession. It is important to highlight that this group is
prioritized. In terms of the second category, water for private use, the Water Act makes provisions
which include compulsory licensing or concessions for use and appropriation which is accessible to
any individual or collective person, public or private, national or foreign, duly authorized to act in
41
the national territory in terms of the law, and provided that they do not place the ecological
equilibrium or the environment at risk.
The Water Licenses and Concessions Regulation (Regulamento de Licenças e Concessões de
Águas) for the private use of this resource, is set out in Decree 43/2007 of October 30, and is
applicable only to waters that lie outside the action of the tides and/or whose water bodies (lakes
and lagoons) communicate with the sea only during spring tides. For water concessions, a set of
documentation must be submitted to the Regional Water Administration (ARA), including a
description of the proposed use, economic justification and technical description.
In terms of provisions on pollution management, the legal and regulatory framework concerning the
prevention of pollution and the safe use of chemicals is broadly provided for under the
Environmental Law 20/97 however, sector specific regulatory frameworks are also available in this
regard. Article 52 of the Water Law for instance, stipulates that water in the public domain should
be protected against contamination, and that the accumulation of toxic or dangerous compounds
that may contaminate water should be prevented. Article 54 of the of the same Law stipulates that
any activity with the potential of contaminating or degrading public waters, particularly the
discharge of effluents, is subject to a special permit to be issued by ARA, and the payment of a fee.
For water management, Mozambique has a specific regulation, Decree 13/2006 of 15 June, which
lays down rules concerning the production, deposit on soil and subsoil, throwing to the water or to
the atmosphere, of any toxic and polluting substances, as well as the practice of polluting activities
which could accelerate impairment of the environment, in order to prevent or minimize their
negative impacts on the health and environment. These articles although sector specific, are in
conformity with the provisions around pollution and contamination of the environment stipulated in
the Environmental Law.
7.8. THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
The National Strategy for the Management of Water Resources (ENGRH) was approved in August
21 2007 by the Council of Ministers. The strategy has 9 chapters covering areas from the
management of water resources, to water supply and sanitation services, to the role of water in
socio-economic development and to institutional coordination and capacity development. The main
objective of the ENGRH is to effectively implement the Water Policy, and to meet the basic needs
of water supply for human consumption, improvement of sanitation, efficient use of water for
economic development, as well as guaranteeing water resources for the development of the country.
With regards to the construction of large and medium scale dams, the strategy stipulates that these
should be preceded by rigorous and detailed feasibility assessments covering technical, economic,
financial, social and environmental aspects related to their construction, operation and management.
The rehabilitation of dams is considered a short-term measure that needs to be prioritized to ensure
the availability of water for rural and urban water supply (domestic use), irrigation, cattle ranching
and hydropower production, among other uses.
7.9. THE REGULATION FOR SMALL DAMS
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The Regulation for Small Dams Decree 47/ 2009 of October 7 is applicable for dams with up to 15
meters in height and a holding capacity of 1 000 000 m3 (one million cubic meters). For dams with
a height of not more than 6 meters and a storage capacity not exceeding 100,000 m3 (one hundred
thousand cubic meters) a request can be made for exemption from the application of some of the
provisions of this decree-law. Dams with a height of not more than 3 meters and less than 100 m3
(one hundred cubic meters) do not require prior authorization, and only require the owner to inform
the Regional Water Administration of its location, the characteristics and purpose to which is
destined within ninety days after the conclusion thereof, without prejudice to the provisions of the
Regulation of Licenses and Concessions of Water on the matter.
The Regulation makes provisions which include the technical requirements required for the
approval of a project and the construction of such dams, the construction materials to be used,
safety measures required and the penalties to be paid by those who infringe the law.
7.10. ELECTRIC ENERGY LAW
The Electric Energy Law (Law nr. 21/97) was approved by the Council of Ministers in October 1st,
1997. According to the law, any electric energy concession/permit must among others: (a)
guarantee the maintenance of all components of the energy system; (b) return water used for electric
energy production in good quality conditions (temperature, salinity, turbidity); (c) repair any
damage to roads and other infrastructures that were done during construction, repair and
improvement of electric energy facilities; and (d) observe water, fisheries and environmental laws
and regulations in Mozambique.
Article 31 refers to the safety and protection of patrimony and environment and indicates that no
electric energy station should endanger people and infrastructures nor block free circulation of
vehicles and people. It also indicates that electric energy stations must be located in appropriate
places taking into account environmental conditions and the ecological systems crossed by the
energy system. Historic and cultural patrimony as well as areas of scientific, ecological or
architectural value must be respected and appropriate measures should be taken to avoid their
damage.
7.11. LABOR LAW
The Mozambican Labor Law 23/2007 of August 1st, makes provisions for individual and collective
persons in relation to remunerated work or labor in the country. For the purposes of the present
ESMF, Chapters I (General Provisions), III (Individual Work Relations) and IV (Hygiene, Safety
and Health of Workers) of the Labor Law highlighted, however all provisions stipulated under the
law should be observed.
Article 11 of the law makes special provisions for women workers, with particular protection to
women worker rights in terms or pregnancy, where provisions are made in terms of protecting their
remuneration (employers should not reduce these), that they should not be laid off, that night shifts
or other related changes are discouraged during the time of pregnancy. In addition, Article 11 (2-6)
makes provisions for women not to be employed in activities that may have a negative impact on
their reproductive health, that a women’s dignity should be safeguarded, that discrimination on the
basis of sex is prohibited and is punished by law.
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Article 23 of the law makes provisions around child labor, and stipulates that the employer should
adopt measures that provide the minors with adequate working conditions per age, considering
health, safety, education and training and these should not have adverse impact on the physical,
mental and moral development of the child. Article 23 (2) and (3) further stipulates that the
employer shall not occupy a minor under the age of 18 in unhealthy and dangerous activities or
those that require great physical efforts; and that acceptable normal period of work of the minor
between the age of 15 and 18 should not exceed 38 hours and a maximum of 7 hours per day. It is
worth mentioning that in Mozambique child labor is a major issue and it is reported that close to
22% minors between the ages of 5-14 are engaged in child labor (MICS 2008). Legally, in terms of
the Labor Law, an employee can only admit minors who are at least 15 years old, provided they
have authorization by a legal representative (parent or legal guardian). In terms of rights and
responsibilities, Article 23 makes provisions, some of which have been mentioned above. In
addition to this, Mozambique is a signatory of the International Labor Organization (ILO)
Conventions 138, related to the Minimum Age and 182 related to the Eradication of the Worst
Forms of Child Labor.
In terms of health, safety and hygiene in the workplace, the legal framework in Mozambique goes
beyond the Labor Law and includes the Constitution of 2004, the ILO Conventions related to the
matter and other regulations such as the Judicial Regime on Work Related Accidents and Work
Related Illnesses. The Constitution makes provisions for the right to retribution and safety in the
workplace as well as the right to healthcare. Article 85 (2) stipulates that all workers shall have a
right to protection, health and safety at work, and Article 89 stipulates that all citizens shall have the
right to health and medical care and shall have the duty of promoting and protecting public health.
Mozambique has been a member of the International Labor Organization (ILO) since 1976 and has
ratified of various (18) international labor conventions of which two will be highlighted here. The
ILO Convention 17 (CO17) on Workmen’s Compensation (Accidents) of 1925, makes provisions to
ensure that workers (or their dependents) who suffer personal injury due to an industrial accident
shall be compensated. Convention 18 (CO18) on the other hand makes provisions for worker’s
compensation for occupational diseases and refers to national legislation for the conditions under
which such compensation shall be paid. More recent guidelines and recommendations on health,
hygiene and safety in the workplace have been provided by the ILO, both in generic terms as well
as related to specific areas of work such as construction and agriculture.
The Labor Law has more specific provisions in relation to health, hygiene and safety in the
workplace. The key principles under Article 216 include:
All workers have the right to work in hygienic and safe conditions, and the employer is
obliged to ensure that adequate working conditions are created;
The employer shall provide their workers with optimal physical, environmental and moral
working conditions, inform them of any associated risks related to their work where
applicable and provide them with adequate measures to abide by the health and safety rules
and regulations in the work place;
Workers shall ensure their own health and safety, as well as of others who may be affected
by their work;
The employer should employ adequate precautionary measures to ensure that all work
44
location entry and exit accesses are safe and do not pose a risk to a risk to workers;
The employer shall make provisions for appropriate protection equipment and work
clothing for workers when required, to prevent accidents and adverse health impacts;
The employer and workers shall abide to the rules and regulations related to hygiene and
safety in the workplace;
Employers may make provisions for the prevention and fight against HIV/AIDS and other
illnesses in the workplace, and shall abide to the principle of confidentiality and consent for
HIV/ AIDS tests.
Article 217 and 218 make provisions for the establishment of workplace safety commissions (which
should include employers and workers) where companies pose exceptional risks in terms of work
related accidents or health issues, and stipulate the regulations for health and hygiene. The
workplace safety commissions have the responsibility of monitoring and ensuring compliance to
health and safety measures, investigating work related accidents in identifying and organizing
prevention and assurance mechanisms for hygiene and safety in the workplace. In terms of
regulations, the norms related to hygiene and safety are governed by specific legislation as well as
by codes of conduct established b companies or workers’ unions of a specific work area.
Articles 219 to 221 of the law make provisions for workers’ health in terms of the availability of
medical assistance in the workplace, directly or through third party contracting; through the
installation of a private health unit for workers, provided the number of workers accessing health
services does not exceed the capacity of such a health unit; and in terms of medical examinations
which should be done on workers regularly.
Articles 222 to 236 of the same law makes specific provisions in relation to work related accidents
and work related illnesses. Work related accidents are defined as those that take place during
working hours, and which result in body injuries, functional disturbances or illness, reduction in the
capacity to work and death. In the event of accidents caused by the worker intentionally, because of
negligence, or that are a result of forca major, the employer is not liable and therefore not obliged
to provide compensation or pay for damage. Work related illnesses are defined as those that arise as
a result of a given professional activity or closely related to a profession, given its toxic or
biological nature. Article 224 (2) places particular attention to illnesses that result from work with
the following substances:
Lead poisoning;
Mercury poising;
Poisoning as a result of pesticides, herbicides, dyes and harmful solvents;
Intoxication or poisoning resulting from industrial dust, gases, and vapors;
Exposure to asbestos dusts and fibers in air or in products that contain asbestos;
Intoxication as a result of x-rays or radioactive substances;
Carbuncular infections;
Work related dermatoses.
The employer is obliged to make provisions of effective preventative measures to avoid accidents
and illnesses in the workplace, and these should be done in strict coordination with the entity
responsible for safety and hygiene in the workplace where these roles are split.
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In addition to the above, Decree 62/2013 of December 4th, on Judicial Regime on Work Related
Accidents and Work Related Illnesses, revokes Legislative Diploma 1706 of October 19, 1957 and
all other contradictory legislation. This Decree should be applied in conjunction with the Labour
Law, and where there are contradictions, the former should be applied.
Despite the existent legislation related to labor in the country, Mozambique faces major challenges,
particularly as 86% of the country’s labor force works in the informal market, 27% of women are
unemployed, the country has a very young population of which approximately 43% are under the
age of 15 and 39% are within the ages of 15-24 (ILO). For this project to be successful, this data
must be considered. All provisions of the Constitution, the Labor Law, the Judicial Regime on
Work Related Accidents and Work Related Illnesses and the ILO Conventions on Health and Safety
in the workplace shall be abided to during the implementation of the ERRP AF, and the present
ESMF identifies specific recommendations in the section related to mitigation measures and in the
ESMP.
7.12. CONTRACTING FOR PUBLIC CIVIL WORKS
Mozambique has recently approved legislation related to the Contracting of Contractors for Public
Civil Works, Goods Supply and Provision of Services, Decree 5/2016 of March 8th. This legislation
has provisions ranging from procedures for contracting of contractors for public civil works, goods
and service provider to the management of such contracts, to claims and appeals. Of particular
relevance is Article 160 on Safety and Discipline on Site. Article 160 stipulates that the contracting
party should demand a Health and Safety Plan from the contractor; that the contractor is obliged to
guarantee safety in the construction site and places of work and should abide to the legislation on
health, hygiene and safety in the workplace, as described under section 6.9 of this document; the
contractor should maintain a reliable signpost signaling system in the construction site and
especially where works are being carried out on public roads; and the contractor should ensure
discipline and order in the site location and areas of work.
Article 163 of Decree 5/2016 provides that the contractor is obliged to comply with the
requirements defined in the contract signed as well as with environmental legislation with the
contracting party with regards to the protection of the environment.
The ERRP AF shall comply with the provisions of the present Decree in terms of the management
of the contractors that are to implement the construction activities as described under Component A
and its sub-components of the project.
7.13. RESETTLEMENT PROCESS
Regulations on the Resettlement Process resulting from Economic Activities (Decree 31/2012 of 8
August) regulation establishes the basic rules and principles on the resettlement process for the
purpose of providing the opportunity to improve the quality of life of affected households. Article 4
lists the principles guiding the resettlement process resulting from the public and private activities.
These include principles on social cohesion; social equality; direct benefit; social equity; non-
change of income level; public participation; environmental accountability; and social
responsibility.
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This Decree makes provisions for the resettlement process, including planning, provides the rights
of the affected populations and makes provisions for fines in the event of non-compliance.
Ministerial Diploma 156/2014, of 29 September operationalizes Decree no. 31/2012 of 8 August
and provides guidance on the elaboration and implementation process of resettlement plans. This
Diploma also provides recommendations for the phasing of the resettlement process which are i)
collection and analysis of physical and socio-economic information; ii) preparation of the
resettlement plan; and iii) elaboration of the implementation action plan of the resettlement project.
During the data collection and analysis phase, the following information should be collected:
Identification and delimitation of the area of intervention, taking into account areas in the
proximity of the project whenever possible;
Number of families that will be affected and their socio-economic profile, considering their
current situation, their characteristics and lifestyles, their social and structural organization
as well as position within the community that they are part of, the most vulnerable groups;
and
Biophysical characteristics of the area.
The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) elaborated in parallel to the present ESMF provides
more details on the legal and guiding frameworks of the resettlement process in Mozambique and
taking into account the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy OP 4.12, and provides specific
guidance and steps to be followed to either avoid resettlement or mitigate any potential adverse
impacts where this is unavoidable.
7.14. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS PROCESS
The Ministerial Diploma no. 130/2006 and the Decree 54/2015 make provisions for the Public
Consultation Process. The former defines the basic principles related to public participation,
methodologies and procedures that should be used. It considers public participation an interactive
process that begins in the design phase and continues throughout the lifetime of the project. Decree
54/2015 provides for the public consultation process in the context of the Environmental Impact
Assessment process. Both documents establish the need for conducting public consultations with
affected and interested persons that may be affected by an activity or project directly or indirectly.
The objective of the public participation process is to identify interested and affected parts, disclose
information related to the project to them, manage dialogue with the project proponents, and take
comments and suggestions from the public in general. The basic principles of public consultation
include the following:
Availability and access of adequate information;
Wide participation of citizens;
Representation;
Functionality;
Negotiation; and
Accountability.
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For Category A+ and A activities public consultations are compulsory, whilst for Category B, these
are optional unless the activities will result in a) temporary or permanent displacement of people or
communities, and/ or b) if the activities will result in the displacement of assets or restrictions in the
use of natural resources.
Within the context of project EIA, a Ministerial Diploma no 130/2006 was introduced to stress the
need for and importance of public participation process, which seeks to integrate non-experts’
views into EIA decision-making process, by allowing individuals and civil society to voice their
concerns with regards to environmental sustainability of proposed projects. Public participation has
been critical in the preparation of this ESMF, and will be critical throughout the cycle of the ERRP
AF project.
8. REVIEW OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS AND IMPLICATIONS
The World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard/ Operational Policies as well as the World
Bank Group (WBG) Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, are critical for the
institution’s support to poverty reduction in a sustainable manner, and involving affected and
interested parties of the project. The objective of these safeguard policies is to prevent and mitigate
loss and damage on human life as well as on the environment during the implementation of
development activities. These policies provide the Bank and its partners with guidelines for
identifying, preparing and implementing programs and projects, and are applied to manage
environmental and social risks and adverse impacts. In this section World Bank Operational
Policies that can be triggered by the project are reviewed. The purpose of this review is to ensure
that the proposed project concept is environmentally and socially sound, and to access the relevance
and feasibility of implementation of these policies to the proposed project.
The ERRP AF has the potential of triggering most of the policies because of the nature and
objective of the project related to the reconstruction and rehabilitation of infrastructures,
specifically the Macarretane Barrage, water supply systems, and the construction of desalination
systems as well as the water dispensers for livestock which are likely to cause certain negative
environmental and social effects.
The initial appraisal of the project highlights that the project activities would trigger the following
WB’s Operational Policies as described below: (i) Environmental Assessment (OP 4:01),
Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12), and Natural Habitats (OP 4:04), Physical Cultural Resources
(OP 4.11), Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) and Projects on International Waterways (OP 7.50).
Table 1: Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project
Safeguard Policies Triggered Yes No
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) X
Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) X
Pest Management (OP 4.09) X
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Indigenous People (OP/BP 4.10) X
Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) X
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) X
Forests (OP/BP 4.36) X
Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) X
Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP7.50) X
Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) X
8.1. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OP 4.01
The Environmental Assessment (EA) Safeguard is to ensure that projects are environmentally and
socially sustainable, and provide a basis for improved decision making. OP 4.01 evaluates a
project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project
alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design, and
implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental
impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing
adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation.
The EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety;
social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources); and
trans-boundary and global environmental aspects. It also considers natural and social aspects in an
integrated way, and taking into account the variations in project and country conditions; the
findings of country environmental studies; national environmental action plans; the country's
overall policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the
environment and social aspects. Thus, OP 4.01 is applicable whenever a proposed project or actions
have the potential to cause negative environmental effects to its surroundings.
The OP 4.01 classifies proposed projects into one of three categories, depending on the type,
location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential
environmental impacts:
Category A: where a project is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that
are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. For a Category A project, the borrower is
responsible for preparing a report, normally an Environmental Assessment (EA), (or a
suitably comprehensive regional or sectorial EA).
Category B: where a project’s potential adverse environmental impacts on human
populations or environmentally important areas such as wetlands, forests, grasslands, and
other natural habitats are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are
site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures can
be readily designed.
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Category C: where a project is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts.
Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project.
Category FI: A proposed project classified in Category FI engages investment funds from
the World Bank through a financial intermediary, in sub-projects that may result in adverse
environmental impacts.
The ERRP parent project was assigned in Category B, as the activities will result in moderate
impacts that will be localized and easily mitigated. No subproject of Category A are eligible for
funding under this project. In line with the aforementioned document, activities under component A
of the ERRP-AF will trigger environmental and social safeguards. Such activities may induce
medium size rehabilitation and installation works for dykes and water supply systems including
installation of small desalinization plants. The ERRP -AF project’s environmental categorization
will remain as ‘B’ type as per the parent project, since the scope and nature of the proposed
activities are similar to the parent project and given that the project impacts are generally expected
to be site-specific, not significant, and not irreversible. The ERRP-AF will finance resilient
infrastructure rehabilitation, including new investments in drought mitigation and water distribution
infrastructures. Most of the rehabilitation and reconstruction works will focus on existing facilities.
Some of the adverse impacts include soil erosion, soil, surface and groundwater pollution and or
contamination, air pollution, loss of vegetation, public health impacts such as traffic hazards, noise,
dust, and disruption of social and cultural practices. The present ESMF will therefore focus on these
potential effects likely to occur during the implementation of the foreseen activities in the project
areas. Most of the rehabilitation and reconstruction works will focus on existing facilities.
This ESMF presents that checklists are designed to assist in identifying such potential impacts, and
direct communities and extension teams to practical ways of avoiding or mitigating them. Should
district or provincial government authorities determine that more detailed studies are required, they
can request that an environmental and social assessment be carried out and that an Environmental
and Social Management Plan (ESMP) be prepared before the project application can be considered
further in compliance with OP 4.01. The ESMP should consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring
and evaluation measures that should be taken during implementation and operation, in order to
eliminate or mitigate any adverse environmental and social impacts. The ESMP should also include
actions required to be undertaken to implement the recommended measures.
The present ESMF includes a template to prepare an ESMP for the ERRP AF to provide guidance
to the implementers, coordinators and project proponents. It provides set of responses to potential
adverse impacts, determines requirements for timely and effective response, and provides the means
for meeting the requirements set. The key components of this plan are: i) mitigation; ii) monitoring,
iii) training and capacity development, iv) projected costs for implementing the plan; and v)
integration of the plan to the project. Environmental and Social Clauses (ESC) for contractors are
no longer necessary as Bidders/Proposers are now required to demonstrate that they have a ESHS
Code of Conduct, which are a set of rules, regulations and principles set out by the contractors,
based on national legislation and/ or World Bank safeguards related to environment, health, safety,
hygiene, which will be abided by the contractors and application monitored regularly; suitably
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qualified ESHS specialists; and that they will abide by implementing, security and reporting
requirements prior to the signing of contracts.
8.2. NATURAL HABITATS (OP/BP 4.04)
The Natural Habitats safeguard is related to the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of
natural habitats and their functions in its economic and sector work, project financing, and policy
dialogue. The objective of this safeguard is to ensure that a precautionary approach to natural
resource management is applied to ensure opportunities for environmentally sustainable
development.
The Bank does not support projects that involve a significant conversion or degradation of critical
natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the project and its siting. Foe these to be
approved, a comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project
substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the environmental and social assessment
indicates that a project would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the project should
include mitigation measures acceptable to the Bank. Such mitigation measures should include
minimizing habitat loss (e.g., strategic habitat retention and post-development restoration) and
establishing and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area. Wherever feasible, Bank-
financed projects should only be sited on lands already converted.
The ERRP AF will have a small impact on Natural Habitats as it will mainly be implemented in
areas where existent activities are already taking place, such as the small-scale reconstruction of
schools and of water supply sources. Where medium scale works are envisaged, such as the
reconstruction of irrigation schemes and rural access roads and bridges as well as the contingency
emergency response, the OP 4.04 is triggered and precaution measures need to be put in place to
avoid damage to the environment. Proper planning is required regarding site selection and should
always avoid areas requiring transformation of undisturbed natural habitat.
The ESMF provides communities and implementation teams with the appropriate environmental
checklists and planning methods to identify any potential impacts of the project sub-components on
natural habitats and to develop appropriate mitigation measures to minimize or avoid damage.
8.3. INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT (OP 4.12)
The purpose of this policy is to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement and, where this is not
feasible, assist displaced persons in improving or at least restoring their livelihoods and standards of
living in real terms relative to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning
of project implementation, whichever is higher.
OP 4.12 applies to all land acquisition and any changes in access to resources due to a sub-project.
The policy applies irrespective of the affected persons must move to another location. The Bank's
policy requires a full Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) if over 200 people must be relocated or if
these people are not physically displaced but lose over 10% of their assets due to the project. If the
impact is less than this an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan should be prepared instead.
The key objectives of this operational policy are to:
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Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement scenarios, where possible and examine all
viable alternative project designs;
Support affected persons in restoring/improving their former living standards, income
generation and production capacities, or at least in restoring them;
Encourage community involvement in planning and implementing resettlement actions; and
Provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure.
The policy does not only cover physical displacement, but also any loss of land or other assets
associated to the proposed actions resulting in:
relocation or loss of shelter;
loss of assets or access to assets; and
loss of income sources or means of livelihood, irrespective of the affected person is to
reallocate to a new area.
This operational policy is applicable to the involuntary restriction of access to legally demarcated
conservation areas such as parks and other protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the
livelihoods of the displaced persons. For the purpose of the RFP prepared under the remit of the
Emergency Resilient Recovery Project Additional Financing, whenever land acquisition is
necessary for the foreseen public-works, the applicant (any of the institutions with a mandate to
implement under this project) shall comply with guidance established by the RPF which has been
prepared separately and in parallel to the present ESMF.
The nature and scale of sub-components of the ERRP AF proposed means that only minimal
displacement, and subsequent need for relocation and/or compensation, is likely to occur as a
consequence of project implementation. Nevertheless, the ESMF provides criteria for determining
the need for resettlement in the form of Checklist. Additionally, a Resettlement Policy Framework
(RPF) has been also prepared for the ERRP AF and complements this ESMF with regards to
involuntary displacement.
8.4. PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES (OP/BP 4.11)
This policy addresses preserving Physical Cultural Resources (PCR), and in avoiding their
destruction and/or damage. Physical cultural resources are defined as movable or immovable
objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have
archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious (including graveyards and burial
sites), aesthetic, or other locations with cultural significance. They may be located in urban or rural
settings, and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the
local, provincial or national level, or within the international community.
The project should address any possible impacts on physical cultural resources in projects proposed
for Bank financing, as an integral part of the environmental assessment (EA) process. If the project
is likely to have adverse impacts on physical cultural resources, the project proponent should
identify appropriate measures for avoiding or mitigating these impacts as part of the EA process. At
this stage, it cannot be ascertained whether some ERRP AF target areas are located in or nearby
natural features and landscapes. Should this be confirmed during the specific identification and
selection of sites, the Chance Finds Procedure (CFP) approach shall be used in the event of
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previously unknown physical cultural resources are exposed or found in the lifecycle of a project,
and appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that natural features and landscapes are not
destroyed, and/or that mitigation measures are put in place to reduce damage. Furthermore, future
activities related to component D may trigger this safeguard, particularly in relation to religious
sites such as family graveyards and burial sites. Chance find refers to any cultural heritage site or
associated material encountered during construction works, excluding those found in the course of
an intentional archaeological investigation. It includes, but is not limited to artefacts, archaeological
deposits, ruins, monuments and human remains.
Potential adverse impacts and specific mitigation measures have been provided in the ESMP and
the ESMF mitigation matrix included in this document. The RPF being prepared in parallel to this
document presents the guidelines for management of physical cultural resources in the
Environmental Assessment and provides a plan for mitigating adverse impacts.
8.5. SAFETY OF DAMS (OP 4.37)
The purpose of this safeguard is to make provisions for the safety of construction or rehabilitation
of new and/ or existing dams as there are serious consequences if a dam does not function properly
or fails. The project proponent is responsible for ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and
sufficient resources are provided for the safety of the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or
construction status.
The safeguard policy distinguishes the types of dams as follows:
Small dams are normally less than 15 meters in height. This category includes farm ponds,
local silt retention dams, and low embankment tanks; and
Large dams which are 15 meters or more in height. Dams that are between 10 and 15
meters in height are treated as large dams if they present special design complexities for
example, an unusually large flood-handling requirement, location in a zone of high
seismicity, foundations that are complex and difficult to prepare, or retention of toxic
materials. Dams under 10 meters in height are treated as large dams if they are expected to
become large dams during the operation of the facility.
For small dams, generic dam safety measures designed by qualified engineers are usually adequate;
whilst for large dams, the policy requires that:
reviews by an independent panel of experts (the Panel) of the investigation, design, and
construction of the dam and the start of operations;
preparation and implementation of detailed plans:
o a plan for construction supervision and quality assurance,
o an instrumentation plan,
o an operation and maintenance plan, and
o an emergency preparedness plan;
pre-qualification of bidders during procurement and bid tendering; and
periodic safety inspections of the dam after completion.
The Bank may accept previous assessments of dam safety or recommendations of improvements
needed in the existing dam or DUC if there is evidence that an effective dam safety program is
53
already in operation, and that full-level inspections and dam safety assessments of the existing dam
or DUC, which are satisfactory to the Bank, have already been conducted and documented.
The Macarretane barrage does not meet the OP 4.37 definition threshold for large dams as it is only
3,20 meters high. The present document however, makes provisions for mitigation of potential
adverse impacts of the works to be carried out.
8.6. PROJECTS ON INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS (OP 7.50)
The objective of this Policy is to provide guidance for projects that will be implemented on
international waterways which include:
any river, canal, lake, or similar body of water that forms a boundary between, or any river
or body of surface water that flows through, two or more states, whether Bank members or
not;
any tributary or other body of surface water that is a component of any waterway described
in (a) above; and
any bay, gulf, strait, or channel bounded by two or more states or, if within one state,
recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other states-
and any river flowing into such waters.
This policy applies to the following types of projects:
hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control, navigation, drainage, water and sewerage, industrial,
and similar projects that involve the use or potential pollution of international waterways as
described in para. 1 above; and
detailed design and engineering studies of projects under paragraph above, including those
to be carried out by the Bank as executing agency or in any other capacity.
The Bank requires that the international aspects of a project on an international waterway are dealt
with at the earliest possible opportunity. If such a project is proposed, the Bank requires the
beneficiary state, if it has not already done so, formally to notify the other riparians of the proposed
project and its Project/Program Details. If the project proponent indicates to the Bank that it does
not wish to give notification, normally the Bank itself does so. If the project proponent also objects
to the Bank's doing so, the Bank discontinues processing of the project. Following notification, if
the other riparians raise objections to the proposed project, the Bank in appropriate cases may
appoint one or more independent experts to examine the issues in accordance safeguard policy.
Should the Bank decide to proceed with the project despite the objections of the other riparians, the
Bank informs them of its decision.
The project will focus on rehabilitation activities within an International river basin, Limpopo
River, but is not expected to engage in large-scale rehabilitation activities or other activities that
would adversely affect the quality or quantity of water flow within shared waterways. The OP 7.50
on International Waterways is triggered, however an exemption for riparian notification has been
granted for the project.
8.7. EXEMPTIONS TO NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT
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The following exceptions are allowed to the Bank's requirement that the other riparian states be
notified of the proposed project:
Ongoing schemes, projects involving additions or alterations that require rehabilitation,
construction, or other changes that will not adversely change the quality or quantity of
water flows to the other riparians; and will not be adversely affected by the other riparians’
possible water use. This exception applies only to minor additions or alterations to the
ongoing scheme; it does not cover works and activities that would exceed the original
scheme, change its nature, or so alter or expand its scope and extent as to make it appear a
new or different scheme;
Water resource surveys and feasibility studies on or involving international waterways.
However, the state proposing such activities includes in the terms of reference for the
activities an examination of any potential riparian issues;
Any project that relates to a tributary of an international waterway where the tributary runs
exclusively in one state and the state is the lowest downstream riparian, unless there is
concern that the project could cause appreciable harm to other states.
Rehabilitation works of the ERRP AF will be carried out within an International river basin, the
Limpopo River Basin which is shared between Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland
and Zimbabwe, however, the proposed investments will not involve large-scale rehabilitation works
or other activities that would adversely affect the quality or quantity of water flow within shared
waterways. The OP 7.50 on International Waterways will be triggered and an exemption for
riparian notification should be requested by the government or by the Bank.
8.8. WORLD BANK POLICY ON DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION BP 17.50
The World Bank, through its Disclosure Policy BP 17.50, requires that all safeguard documents be
disclosed in the respective countries as well as at the Bank’s Info shop prior to appraisal or for Fast
Tracking Initiative prior to Signing of the Grant Agreement. The Bank recognizes the right to
information, and has information disclosure policies which generally contain the following
elements: principles of disclosure; exceptions to disclosure; routine disclosure; and request driven
disclosure. Disclosure of documents (including a summary of the project, and a summary of
Environmental Assessment) should be in the local language, at a public place accessible to project-
affected groups, local non-governmental organizations and other interested persons. In-country
disclosure of information is the responsibility of the borrower, in this case of the project proponent
through the steering committee or the individual institutions that will be implementing a project, in
this case the DNGRH, AIAS and MASA. Disclosure in the InfoShop is the responsibility of the
World Bank.
Documents that need to be disclosed include:
Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet;
All Safeguard mitigation plans;
Environmental Assessment/ Environmental and Social Management Plan;
Resettlement Action Plan, Policy Framework or Process Framework.
All documents should be made available to stakeholders well in advance of consultations and all
public consultations should be completed and draft or final documents should be disclosed prior to
55
the project appraisal. In addition, all final documents, including the results of the consultations
should be disclosed for the record.
For the present ESMF document, information disclosure was initiated with the advertisement of the
public participation meetings held in the two provinces targeted for the implementation of the
ERRP AF. The meetings provided an opportunity for stakeholders to provide comments and useful
inputs to be taken into consideration when planning and implementing the proposed project. As the
EMSF has now been drafted, it is proposed that the disclosure process be through continued
interaction with stakeholders using contacts gathered during public meetings. E-mail contacts shall
be used to inform that the ESMF document has now been drafted and it is available on the web and
stakeholders shall be invited to provide further comments as needed. A pubic advert shall also be
sent to most widely distributed and read newspaper in the country, to inform stakeholders of the
availability of the ESMF document for review and comments. The selected inter-institutional
coordination body led by the National Directorate of Management of Water Resources (DNGRH),
as per the parent Project Document, shall ensure the availability of the full ESMF in Portuguese in
Maputo, as well as in all their provincial and district offices.
9. GAPS IN MOZAMBICAN LEGISLATION AND IN THE WORLD BANK
SAFEGUARD POLICIES
One of the weaknesses in the past in the Mozambican legislation was related to the lack of clear and
detailed procedures and norms for handling health, safety and security for both the local population
of a particular project area and/ or the project workers. In addition to the provisions made under the
Mozambican Legislation Law in terms of procedures for health, safety and security, as described in
the previous chapter of the present document, the WBG EHS General Guidelines are recommended
for the ERRP and related projects. This section provides an overview on how the General Approach
to be taken with regards to the Management of EHS issues at the Facility or Project Level.
The WBG EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific
examples of Good International Industry Practice (GIIP). They should be referred to and used to
guide issues related to provide guidance to users on EHS issues in specific industry sectors, and
they should be used together with the safeguard policies. However, the application of the EHS
Guidelines to existing facilities may involve the establishment of site-specific targets, with an
appropriate timetable for achieving them. The applicability of the EHS Guidelines should be
tailored to the hazards and risks established for each project on the basis of the results of an
environmental assessment in which site-specific factors are taken into account.
The ESH Guidelines are organized in four chapters:
Environmental
Air Emissions and Ambient
Air Quality
Energy Conservation
Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality
Water Conservation
Hazardous Materials Management
Waste Management
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Noise
Contaminated Land
Community Health and Safety
General Facility Design and Operation
Communication and Training
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Radiological Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Special Hazard Environments
Monitoring
3. Community Health and Safety
Water Quality and Availability
Structural Safety of Project Infrastructure
Life and Fire Safety (L&FS)
Traffic Safety
Transport of Hazardous Materials
Disease Prevention
Emergency Preparedness and Response
4. Construction and Decommissioning
Environment
Occupational Health & Safety
Community Health & Safety
Effective management of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) issues entails the inclusion of
EHS considerations into corporate- and facility-level business processes through the following
steps:
• Identifying project hazards and associated risks as early as possible
• Involving EHS professionals, who have the experience, competence, and training necessary
to assess and manage EHS impacts and risks, and carry out specialized environmental
management functions
• Understand the likelihood and magnitude of the risks
• Prioritizing risk management strategies with the objective of achieving an overall reduction
of risk to human health and the environment
• Favouring strategies that eliminate the cause of the hazard at its source
• Incorporating engineering and management controls to reduce or minimize the possibility
and magnitude of undesired consequences
• Preparing workers and nearby communities to respond to accidents
• Improving EHS performance through a combination of ongoing monitoring of facility
performance and effective accountability.
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The following should be considered when assessing the potential risks related to health, safety and
security:
Infrastructure and Equipment Safety;
Hazardous Materials Safety;
Environmental and Natural Resource Issues (such as floods/ landslides etc.);
Community Exposure to Disease (such as water-borne illnesses etc.);
Emergency Preparedness and Response.
The project proponent should assess the potential risks and impacts from project activities and
inform affected local population of significant potential hazards in timely. It is also the
responsibility of the project proponent to support and work with the project affected population and
the local government structures to respond to any arising emergency.
The World Bank has elaborated and put in place Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS)
Enhancements for Standard Procurement Documents (SPDs) and Standard Bidding Documents
(SBDs), with a new procurement framework which came into force in 2016 and 2017. The ESHS
enhancements shall be applicable for all new works contracts for which the relevant SBD/SPD.
With the new Frameworks bidders/ proposers/ contractors are required the following:
Employer is required to set out clearly the minimum expectations of ESHS performance
from the outset, to ensure that all Bidders/Proposers are aware of the ESHS requirements;
Submit as part of their Bid/Proposal an ESHS Code of Conduct that will apply to their
employees and sub-contractors, and details of how it will be enforced. The suitability of the
Code of Conduct can be assessed and discussed as part of the Bid/Proposal evaluation and
negotiations;
The successful Bidder/Proposer is required to implement the agreed Code of Conduct upon
contract award;
Submit, as part of their Bid/Proposal, ESHS Management Strategies and Implementation
Plans required to manage the key ESHS risks of the project;
The suitability of these strategies and plans can be assessed as part of the Bid/Proposal
evaluation, and discussed during pre-contract discussions, as appropriate. These strategies
and plans will become part of the Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan
(C-ESMP);
Particular Conditions of Contract now include provisions relating to the (C-ESMP), e.g.:
- a requirement that the Contractor shall not commence any Works unless the Engineer
is satisfied that appropriate measures are in place to address ESHS risks and impacts;
- at a minimum, the Contractor shall apply the plans and ESHS Code of Conduct,
submitted as part of the Bid/Proposal, from contract award onwards.
Provide an ESHS Performance Security (the sum of the two “demand” bank guarantees,
normally not to exceed 10% of the contract price). The ESHS performance security is in the
form of a “demand” bank guarantee.” The application of this provision is at the Borrower’s
discretion. It is recommended for contracts where there is significant ESHS risks as advised
by Social/Environmental specialist/s;
Demonstrate that they have suitably qualified ESHS specialists among their Key Personnel.
Key Personnel must be named in the Bid/Proposal, and in the contract. The quality of the
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proposed Key Personnel (including ESHS specialists) will be assessed during the evaluation
of Bids/Proposals. The Contractor shall require the Employer’s consent to substitute or
replace any Key Personnel;
The Engineer may require the removal of Personnel if they undertake behaviour which
breaches the ESHS Code of Conduct, e.g. spreading communicable diseases, sexual
harassment, gender-based violence, illicit activity, or crime;
Contracts now contain specific ESHS reporting requirements. These relate to:
- ESHS incidents requiring immediate notification;
- ESHS metrics in regular progress reports.
For the purposes of implementation of this ESMF, potential health, safety and security impacts
associated with the project have been identified, and mitigation measures have been recommended
in the subsequent sections based on the national legislation, the World Bank Group ESH
Guidelines, and the recently approved ESHS provided by the World Bank.
10. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
Public consultations were carried out in the two provinces where targeted by the ERRP AF, namely
in Chicualacuala and Chókwè in Gaza province, and in Funhalouro in Inhambane province, with the
objective of gathering public perceptions of the proposed activities as well as of the provinces and
key areas of intervention. The consultation process comprised two methods (i) consultation on a
one-to-one basis with key stakeholders (officials from line ministries, national organizations,
NGOs, the World Bank and technical staff from targeted provinces), and (ii) public meetings held
in the aforementioned provinces. Information on the purpose and dates of the public consultation
meetings was publicized in the Jornal Noticias, the most widely read newspaper in the country, in
the DNGRH office in Maputo, as well as at provincial level. A draft version of the present
document, ESMF, were also shared and made available to the public for contributions.
The objective of the consultation process was to gather general perceptions and views of all relevant
stakeholders (project affected persons as well as interested persons) on the proposed project.
Among others, the Consultant sought to identify and confirm conditions in the different provincial
contexts, and determine specific impacts that would require to be addressed under the scope of the
present ESMF. A summary of the key issues raised and contributions from the public consultation
meetings held in the 3 districts is provided below.
10.1. CONSULTATIONS IN CHICUALACUALA
In Chicualacuala the public consultation meeting took place on May 8th, 2017. The consultants met
the Head of District Services for Infrastructure Planning (SDPI) and the Water technician in
Chicualacuala, and visited the existing three water supply systems in Eduardo Mondlane village. A
summary of key findings from the visit is presented in the minutes of the meeting as an annex to the
present document, however, it is important to highlight that in the past the village sourced drinking
water from the Mueneze river which is located 37 km from the village center. The Mueneze’s
system was abandoned and its reutilization will require a large rehabilitation or reconstruction,
given the lengthy time in which it has been inoperative.
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The public consultation meeting was well attended by private water suppliers, community leaders,
general public as well as by local government authorities and officials. The participation of the
District Secretary Permanent is worth mentioning. The meeting was conducted and led by a
consultant appointed for this, and had three main objectives: i) provide information to the ERRP AF
beneficiaries, to the general provincial population to civil society organizations as well as to the
local government structures; ii) identify potential environmental and social consequences and
impacts of the project; and iii) take note of and register the contributions, grievances and
expectations of the participants with regards to the project.
10.1.1. Key Issues Raised by Participants
In terms of the area of focus of the project, the key issues raised by participants included the
following:
Reliance on borehole for water supply, as it is currently at Eduardo Mondlane Village, is
not a viable solution;
Rehabilitation of Mueneze water system would imply economic displacement of the three
private operators of existing public borehole;
Water deficit in the district is exacerbated by salinity levels, as a result submerged water
pumps break easily due to the salinity content;
Ensure a safe crossing bridge of the Macarretane Barrage during and after the dam
rehabilitation;
Water currently available at Eduardo Mondlane is brackish;
Current water tariff very expensive partially due to the cost of electricity, diesel and other
components involved in borehole based water systems;
Frequent cases of diarrhea that are associated with the water quality currently consumed.
The local hospital receives 4 to 5 cases of cholera per day that become difficult to treat, as
patients return to drinking the same unsafe water;
Building pipelines and distribution network could have an impact on the asphalted roads
within the village.
10.1.2. Key Recommendations Provided
Rehabilitation of the old water supply system to source water from Mueneze river at 37 km
away from the village;
Recruitment of skilled managers to lead the construction of the water supply system for
Eduardo Mondlane Village;
Proposed Mueneze water supply system should operate concurrently with the existing
borehole based water supply systems, as not everyone has the capacity to pay for piped
water and alternatives need to be put in place;
It was recommended that the contractor of the water supply project to Eduardo Mondlane
village should bring only the technicians because the helpers should be recruited locally.
Upon completion of works, roads that have been affected need to be covered or rebuilt.
10.2. CONSULTATIONS IN CHÓKWÈ
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In Chókwè the consultation took place on May 10th, 2017. The meeting was attended by interested
persons, local and district authorities and officials, and officers from AIAS and the Limpopo River
Management Unit. The meeting was conducted and led by a consultant appointed for this, and had
three main objectives: i) provide information to the ERRP beneficiaries, to the general provincial
population to civil society organizations as well as to the local government structures; ii) identify
potential environmental and social consequences and impacts of the project; and iii) take note of
and register the contributions, grievances and expectations of the participants with regards to the
project.
10.2.1. Key Issues Raised by Participants
In terms of the area of focus of the project, the key issues raised by participants included the
following:
The floods that hit Mozambique, particularly Gaza Province in 2015 and 2016, created
erosion problems that affected the current structure of the dam;
Cost of desalination are much higher compared to water from the river. Desalination will
require power supply and may involve other processes that are expensive;
Desalinization process may trigger other economic problems for local communities as a
result of high water tariffs associated with the desalinization process. The bigger the
desalinization plant is, the higher the water tariff will be;
Accumulation of water from poor sewerage systems close to desalination plant can create
damp habitats which result in the proliferation of mosquitoes and malaria;
Brackish water is a problem for many villages in Chókwè District where there are high
levels of water salinity.
Key Recommendations Provided
Adoption of water supply system based on water river water;
Lessons from the first rehabilitation project of the Macarretane Barrage should be
replicated.
Desalination plants ought to be preceded by assessment of viability in order not to waste
scarce financial resources. Desalinization may not be a viable option;
The projects should create a communication and stakeholder engagement strategy.
10.3. CONSULTATIONS IN FUNHALOURO
The consultation meeting in Funhalouro took place on May 12th, 2017. The meeting was well
attended by civil society organizations, an NGO, private water suppliers and plumbers, farmers,
INGC general public as well as by local government officials. The meeting was conducted and led
by a consultant appointed for this, and had three main objectives: i) provide information to the
ERRP AF beneficiaries, to the general provincial population to civil society organizations as well as
to the local government structures; ii) identify potential environmental and social consequences and
impacts of the project; and iii) take note of and register the contributions, grievances and
expectations of the participants with regards to the project.
10.3.1. Key issues raised by Participants
The lack of clean water supply has become the biggest problem in Funhalouro. Without
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water, people in the village cannot irrigate their agricultural fields. The lack of clean water
supply exacerbates poverty levels in the village;
Community borehole in Malave does not yield any water;
Available water in Funhalouro is brackish. People and animals suffer from lack suitable
water as a result of droughts;
There is a water supply deficit in Funhalouro and poor families are left without water as
they cannot afford to pay 2 MT/20 liter;
In Mutchai there is one borehole where individuals and cattle fight for drinking water, and
another without water is in Mutchai 1;
There is no water supply in Mbone, which is 7 km away from Funhalouro village;
There are no technicians to repair water systems when they break, and there is no mention
of skills to offer genuine failure diagnosis in the project. When a water system breaks down,
there is no ability to assess the failure and this is the reason why some water systems have
been discontinued and abandoned;
In many areas water is very deep and the boreholes are not deep enough to reach the water
table;
As a result, the boreholes bring up saline water as they bring ground water from nearby;
The water project is likely to be associated with erosion due to excavations (if not properly
handled);
Private water supply operators will lose their sources of income;
Rainfall reservoir is not a solution as it will guarantee water supply for a short period of
time;
The project will bring many people to the village looking for employment which may lead
to disturbance to the existing order and the proliferation of diseases;
People may lose their assets due to the water projects.
10.3.2. Key Recommendations Provided
Boreholes for the planned water supply system should go deep to tap onto clean water
Existing rainfall reservoirs should not be considered as alternative sources for the planned
water supply systems as it only rains during only 2-3 months of the year and often times
many years go without rainfall;
Environmental and social safeguards must address the existing potential economic and
physical displacement (the water pipe may affect properties, crops and trees);
As part of water social responsibility of the projects, he recommended that an assistant
should be appointed for the small water system outside the village. This could be in the
form training
Displacement of private property (houses, business and field crops/trees) should be
anticipated and compensation measures should be planned;
Prioritize hiring of local staff as unemployment is very high in the village;
The water system should consider additional funds to train mechanics and acquire
equipment for the maintenance of the water system.
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In general, the issues raised by the participants of the public consultation have been taken note of
and included throughout the present document. The ESMP also includes recommendations
informed by these meetings.
11. SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
The ERRP AF, alike any other development related project is susceptible to generating adverse
social and environmental impacts, therefore it is essential to include measures that will mitigate or
eliminate these impacts. Given the nature of the project, with a focus on rehabilitation of irrigation
and water supply infrastructure for the mitigation of climate cognate effects, a number of potential
impacts should be studied and addressed. Notwithstanding this, it is expected that the potential
adverse social and environmental impacts associated with the rehabilitation of the Macarretane
Barrage; the water supply systems rehabilitation and expansion; and the installation of water
desalination systems be localized and of short duration, and that they can be minimized
significantly through adequate planning and the implementation of the Environmental Management
Plans by the contractors responsible for the implementation of the works to be carried out.
Components C and E are not expected to trigger or result in any environmental or social impacts
given the very nature of the components (monitoring of the project and food distribution).
This sections highlights the potential impacts according to each sub-component and activity
envisaged, and provides recommendations for mitigation actions and measures.
11.1. SUB-COMPONENT A.5 REHABILITATION OF THE MACARRETANE BARRAGE
This sub-component focuses on the rehabilitation of the Macarretane Barrage located in Gaza
province as described in the previous section of this document. Civil works here will involve
stabilizing the downstream terrace of the Barrage. Re-enforcement of the downstream terrace
rehabilitation measures includes replacing the damaged concrete block carpet in downstream apron,
as well as filling the scour holes in the riverbed in order to stabilize the downstream terrace to avoid
further scouring. The potential adverse impacts of these works are enlisted below.
11.2. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Changes in water allocation upstream and downstream of barrage as a result of the
rehabilitation activities;
Change in the reservoir volume and in the overall water regime as a result of the works to
be carried out;
Contamination of ground and surface water as well as soils as a result of chemicals (oils,
fuels and lubricants from machinery and vehicles working on site, remains of paints, etc.)
particularly on sites located near waterways;
Contamination of water and soils can result in contamination of crops produced by farmers
in the surrounding areas of the project as well as of the beneficiaries of the Chókwè
Irrigation Scheme;
Hydrologic changes, resulting from the rehabilitation of the dam can lead to significant
increase in mosquito breeding sites;
The use of heavy machinery and equipment may also result in soil compaction, changing
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surface and ground water flows and adversely affecting agriculture soils;
Equally excavation, extraction of construction materials and other construction-related
activities can result in soil contamination;
Setting-up of semi-permanent work sites may cause negative impacts due to accumulation
of solid waste, and disposal of human waste.
11.3. POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS
Social conflicts resulting from land uptake as may be required for the rehabilitation of the
dam, and these may have a worse impact on the most vulnerable, particularly households
headed by women and/ or children;
Remedial works may require land acquisition or resettlement of local communities;
The expected rise in human population attracted by the functionality of the barrage and
their associated wastes are likely to increase exposure to disease transmitted from
contaminated standing water in the previously flooded areas during the wet season;
Public nuisance and health impacts resulting from inadequate disposal of solid wastes
including demolition materials;
Rehabilitating of water control structures, may affect some already degraded and sensitive
habitats along the riverbanks;
Noise pollution given the reconstruction works, as a result of operating machinery and
equipment;
Increase in the risk of water borne diseases such as cholera or malaria in the project areas;
Increase in risk of contamination of food as a result of chemical residues in the water going
into crop production in the project surrounding areas and the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme;
Increase in HIV/AIDS rates as a result of workers coming from other areas of the country;
Possibility of work-related accidents where health, safety and hygiene measures are not put
in place, and monitored closely;
Increase in cases of sexual harassment and child abuse leading to early pregnancies and
increase in school dropout rates;
In terms of local employment, the non-use of local resident manpower during the
rehabilitation and construction of the infrastructures could cause some frustrations at the
local level (and could lead to social conflicts);
Labour influx increase given the lack the skilled or desired labour for activities related to
the project.
11.4. POTENTIAL POSITIVE IMPACTS
The Chókwè Irrigation Scheme will operate continuously as a result to the rehabilitation
works at the Macarretane Barrage, and this will in turn have a positive impact on the levels
of production of food, and subsequently on food security and improved nutrition of the
population the targeted areas;
Improvements in the incomes and livelihoods of people living in the surrounding areas of
the barrage;
The rehabilitation of the barrage will ensure that food production throughout the year, thus
contributing significantly to mitigate the cyclical drought impacts in the project area and
region;
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Additional safety measure will ensure that the barrage does not collapse and is fully
functional, which will also ensure protection of human lives;
The re-enforcement of the downstream terrace rehabilitation measures including replacing
the damaged concrete block carpet in downstream apron, and filling the scour holes for
stabilization of the downstream terrace will prevent to further scouring.
11.5. SUB-COMPONENT A.6 – WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS REHABILITATION AND EXPANSION
Activities under this sub-component will focus on the rehabilitation and expansion of the water
supply systems of two small towns, Chicualacuala and Funhalouro, benefiting over 41,000 people
with access to improved drinking water services. The potential adverse impacts of these works are
enlisted below.
11.6. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Air pollution can be caused as a result of dust/ toxic chemicals in the air during the
rehabilitation and reconstruction works;
Contamination of ground and surface water as a result of chemicals (oils, fuels and
lubricants from machinery and vehicles working on site, remains of paints, etc.) particularly
on sites located near waterways;
During all types of construction and rehabilitation works, residual waters, chemicals and
oils are discharged. These have the potential of adversely affecting underground water and
soils in the areas where the project is implemented;
Soil erosion can be expected to result from earth-moving activities during rehabilitation
works and will expose the soil to erosion. Soil erosion is susceptible where vegetative cover
is reduced;
The use of heavy machinery and equipment may also result in soil compaction, changing
surface and ground water flows and adversely affecting future use for agriculture;
Equally excavation, extraction of construction materials and other construction-related
activities can result in erosion and soil contamination. Over the longer term, if erosion
persists, it may result in reduced the depth of top soils depth, which may affect soil water
and nutrients;
Loss in vegetation and damage to natural habitats.
11.7. POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS
Further water shortages in some areas during the rehabilitation works;
Inadequate sanitation in construction areas which can be mitigated/ avoided with the
provision of adequate washing and toilet facilities close to the works;
Water borne illnesses resultant from still waters/ water treatment;
Quality of water not in accordance with WHO standards and lead to diseases;
Incidents and accidents are bound to occur in the workplace;
Noise and vibrations are common during construction and rehabilitation works;
Potential for social conflicts between workers (from other areas) at site and members of
local community;
In terms of local employment, the non-use of local resident manpower during the
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rehabilitation and construction of the infrastructures could cause some frustrations at the
local level (and could lead to social conflicts);
Acquisition of land may be required for rehabilitation or reconstruction works, which may
lead to involuntary resettlement of local communities;
Temporary disturbance of commercial activities in villages particularly during construction
phase a vital source of livelihood;
Work related accidents where health, hygiene and safety measures are not out in place and
monitored on a regular basis;
No clarity on who will manage the water supply facilities after rehabilitation;
Economic impact on small operators who currently supply water to villages as they are
likely to lose business once the proposed improved water supply systems become
operational;
No feasibility study carried out to identify the population’s willingness and capacity for
paying water service, however a proxy analysis based on studies carried out in small towns
with similar characteristics, such as Vila de Massangena and Chigubo, has indicated the
likelihood of payment and the preference of installation of water fountains.
11.8. POSITIVE IMPACTS
More people with access to safer water in the districts of Chicualacuala (11,000 people) and
in Funhalouro (30,000), particularly girls and women can spend time undertaking other
activities and going to school instead of walking long distances in search of water;
Civil works will include the water storage facilities, tower, network and house connections
and some standpipes which will ensure water supply;
Safe drinking water will result in improved sanitation and hygiene conditions, which
ultimately improve their living standards;
The quality of water will be based on international standards (World Health Organization -
WHO);
Reduction in water-borne illnesses and water contamination due to safe supply of water in
the target area;
Opportunities for temporary jobs and improvements of skills and abilities of local workers.
The project will stimulate the local economy;
Private operators will be selected through a public tender, to manage public water systems
and ensure that they are operational or make small repairs;
Access to clean water in adequate quantities can have a positive impact on increasing
agricultural activities, chicken raising and livestock. Currently, it is challenging to raise
chicken due to the restriction in water supply whenever the electricity supply fails;
With clean water supply local communities will be able to develop small watered
agricultural camps or vegetable gardens and improve nutrition and food security.
11.9. SUB-COMPONENT A.7 – INSTALLATION OF WATER DESALINATION SYSTEMS
This sub-component will be implemented in the districts of Chigubo and Massingir in Gaza
province, which are characterized by hydrogeological environments which are not favorable for
fresh water supply. Activities will focus on the installation and operation of the desalination
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facilities in the two locations. This sub-section provides a list of potential environment and social
impacts of the desalination systems in both districts.
11.10. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Desalination plants directly impact the marine environment by returning the relatively high
temperature concentrated brine to the sea;
Different products used in chemical cleaning of membranes and pre-treatment cleaning
disposed-off in the Limpopo River basin or in the sea can contaminate these water
resources and biodiversity;
Noise pollution around the desalination plants as a result of use of high pressure pumps and
energy recovery systems, such as turbines, which produce significant level of noise;
A desalination unit generates a lot of brine which is made of various salts, heavy metals,
organic compound. If these are discharged in the sea or in rivers they create a great
chemical imbalance on the physical and chemical constitution of the water, and
subsequently on the species of these waters and the biodiversity;
Indirect impact of creating an increased demand for electricity production and heat
depending upon the process, temperature and source water quality. Fossil fuel-powered
desalination plants have environmental effects related to the emission of greenhouse gases
or other pollutants associated with power generation;
Transporting water may give rise to hygienic issues and water quality deterioration due to
its transport; moreover, transporting high quality potable water requires the installation and
operation of a high quality infrastructure that would prove prohibitively expensive;
Contamination of finished water during pre-treatment, desalinated and post-treatment by
certain organics, surface runoff, and chemical and sanitary waste outfalls near the intake to
the desalination plant;
Soil erosion can be expected to result from earth-moving activities during construction
works as a result of clearing vegetation cover;
The use of heavy machinery and equipment may also result in soil compaction, changing
surface and ground water flows and adversely affecting agriculture soils;
Equally excavation, extraction of construction materials and other construction-related
activities can result in soil contamination;
Setting-up of semi-permanent work sites may cause negative impacts due to accumulation
of solid waste, and disposal of human waste.
11.11. POTENTIAL ADVERSE SOCIAL IMPACTS
If water is not degasified after the desalination process it may have bad taste and odor and
result in people not drinking it. This could be a potential loss in investment;
Over use of chemicals during desalination process may lead to health issues in the
population of the target areas;
Resettlement and dislocation of people may be required for the construction of the
desalination systems;
Work related accidents may occur if necessary health, safety and hygiene measures are not
taken;
Poor performance of civil works contractors (and their supervisors) leading to unsuccessful
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incorporation of the proposed mitigation measures;
In terms of local employment, the non-use of local resident manpower during the
rehabilitation and construction of the infrastructures could cause some frustrations at the
local level (and could lead to social conflicts);
Acquisition of land may be required for rehabilitation or reconstruction works, which may
lead to involuntary resettlement of local communities;
Vulnerable groups such as women, children, and elderly do not benefit from the positive
effects of the project;
In the human context, the coming and going of vehicles carrying construction materials can
create problems of traffic and mobility in general congestion, increasing thus the
disturbance (noise, dust) that the population will be exposed, not to mention accidents of
road. The same applies to the handling of powder materials (cement and sand), which can
annoy the inhabitants of the surrounding areas (dust);
Increase in HIV/AIDS rates as a result of workers coming from other areas of the country;
The mixed construction process should involve the community, it widely known that
effective community involvement varies from community to community, and hence it is
expected that there will be communities with difficulties in getting involved in this process;
Work related accidents where health, safety and hygiene measures are not put in place,
adhered to or monitored on a regular basis;
The activities may have adverse impacts on particularly vulnerable groups such as orphans
and vulnerable children, elderly, and women in terms of limited access to water, to potential
resettlement as a result of the works, and in terms of disruptions as a result of the activities.
It is therefore recommended that the rights of the vulnerable groups are safeguarded and
that gender balance is ensured throughout the implementation of the activities under the
project.
11.12. POSITIVE IMPACTS
More people with access to safer water in the districts of Chigubo and Massingir,
particularly girls and women can spend time undertaking other activities and going to
school instead of walking long distances in search of water;
Safe drinking water will result in improved sanitation and hygiene conditions, which
ultimately improve their living standards;
The quality of water will be based on international standards (World Health Organization -
WHO), and reduction in water-borne illnesses and water contamination due to safe supply
of water in the target area;
Opportunities for temporary jobs and improvements of skills and abilities of local workers.
Decrease in transportation and water supply costs from water previously supplied from
Chókwè to Chigubo and Massingir;
The intervention also proposes the establishment of Management Systems for Operation
and Maintenance, therefore any technical issues with the systems will be dealt with in due
time.
The construction of eight multifunctional boreholes equipped with solar pumps will ensure
that the systems are sustainable and do not depend on high energy costs associated with
desalination processes.
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11.13. MITIGATION MEASURES
Adverse environmental and social impacts can be minimized through the adoption of an
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) that details suitable mitigation and
management measures. An ESMP is included in subsequent chapters of this document, and includes
the potential adverse environmental and social impacts, the mitigation measures, the timeframe for
employing the measures and the responsible person(s) to ensure that the measures are adhered by.
This section provides mitigation measures for all 3 sub-components of the ERRP AF.
11.14. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Avoid or minimize clearing of vegetation during preparation for rehabilitation and
reconstruction works in the targeted areas, to reduce chances of soil erosion and the damage
of natural habitats. This can be done by carrying out works in areas that have already been
cleared, where infrastructure was existent prior to the disaster/ emergency, or by
minimizing clearing vegetation where new areas have been identify because it has been
deemed that the existent ones are not appropriate;
Irrigation infrastructure needs to be designed to ensure that localized erosion does not
occur. Construction activities generally expose soil to erosion. Therefore, careful design for
the rehabilitation and reconstruction of irrigation schemes can avoid the occurrence of
erosion problems;
Following the completion of construction work, vegetation should be established around
structures so that bare soil is not exposed to erosive forces;
Proper asbestos disposal will be among the responsibilities of the contractors. Asbestos can
be disposed safely in sealed plastic containers to be buried for example in municipal
landfills
Ensure availability of adequate sanitary facilities for the construction workers close the
working sites, to avoid contamination of water and soils from human waste in the area of
work and surrounding areas;
Avoid reconstruction works and work site waste disposals close to waterways to ensure the
protection of water resources;
Water quality measurements should be carried out to evaluate the concentrations of the
substances of importance to the water quality and aquatic species. The substances include
residual chlorine, dissolved oxygen, ambient seawater temperature and salinity, pH and
ammonia. The measurements will be used to evaluate the water quality with regard to the
water quality standards and used for the water quality model calibration;
A biological survey should be carried out in the plant vicinity to evaluate the ecosystem in
the area;
A detailed sampling grid should be constructed in the water supply plant vicinity and
surveyed by the ecologist. Data should provide a detailed description of local habitats and
species. Photos on the ecosystem should be taken on the grid by divers with underwater
camera. The value of the ecosystem in the study area can be evaluated by the ecologist
based on the finding of the survey;
Water quality should be tested on a regular basis and should be based on the WHO
Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (GDWQ);
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Demand for electricity production to run the desalination plants will not be triggered as the
systems will the use of solar-powered plants to reduce environmental effects related to the
emission of greenhouse gases or other pollutants associated with power generation;
Desalination brine should not be disposed of to the sea or to the Limpopo river basin.
Disposing of brine in the sea or rivers should be completely avoided. Brine should be
collected and transported to salt works. If the salt produced is directed for human
consumption, appropriate measures should be taken for it to be transported and tested;
To mitigate the risk of contaminating and wasting water that has undergone the desalination
process, as well as costs associated to the process and transportation of water all
desalination plants should be built where there is a water shortage problem and water
produced is only intended to cover the needs locally;
Pre-treatments of desalinated water should involve enhanced disinfection, using granular
activated carbon or more frequently powdered activated carbon for can be used to treat
contaminated water. Chlorine is also added to disinfect and to reduce biofouling and protect
the membrane from degradation;
Waste from desalination should be discharged to sewers or treated at a sewage treatment
plant to dilute with municipal wastewater prior discharge;
Brine may be placed in lined lagoons and dried and disposed in landfills;
Make use of WHO Desalination Guidance in order to comply with the Guidelines for
Drinking-Water Quality (GDWQ4;
Regular monitoring of the desalination systems to confirm that the process was properly
designed, and built and is being properly operated to prevent contamination from reaching
consumers;
Changing the location of brine disposal and treating the brine before it is discharged can
reduce the impact it may have on the water it is being disposed off in
Injecting brine via wells into confined and non-potable aquifer systems, however this is an
expensive option, as a specific well would be required to be constructed
After desalination, product water must be degasified to prevent taste and odor problem;
Correct dosage and application of use should be used during desalinated process. Specific
guidelines and standards should be available, and these should be in line with the WHO
drinking water quality guidelines. Water should be tested at a local or regional lab on a
regular basis to ensure quality standards are being adhered to and to ensure that the water is
safe for human consumption.
11.15. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SOCIAL IMPACTS
Ensure participation of all relevant stakeholders, including local communities in all
processes of the project cycle, from planning and design phases, to implementation and
participation;
Take into account the specific rights, needs, and vulnerabilities of women, orphans and
marginalized people in relation to natural resources during recovery, and promote equitable
access to recovery;
Ensure that vulnerable groups are targeted and involved during recovery and reconstruction
4http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/gdwqrevision/desalination.pdf
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interventions, where possible approaches such as food for work may be employed for
activities that do not require special skills;
Build capacity for green recovery and reconstruction, and ensure consultation/coordination
with relevant stakeholders (affected populations, interested parties, civil society) in
recovery and reconstruction;
Destruction of cultural and heritage sites should be completely avoided. The project
proponents should determine whether the proposed project locations are in areas where
cultural heritage is expected to be found either during construction or operation. The
Chance Find Procedure is to be used, where any cultural heritage site or material is
subsequently encountered during construction works. Where these are not related to
conservation areas or heritage, the RPF should provide guidance on the transfer of this sites
and compensation for the affected populations;
The RPF will provide guidance on the mechanism and tools that should be employed to
address the potential scope of resettlement and land acquisition, where involuntary
resettlement is necessary. This includes the establishment of clear communication channels
between the project and the PAPs to convey and report potential social conflicts. The
Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is recommended to be used to deal with potential
grievances and dissatisfaction raised by the PAPs in relation to the project. In Mozambique,
the mechanism raising grievances is usually as follows: i) issue raised firstly to the village
chief, traditional leader, or village head; ii) then to the Head of Post; iii) to Consultative
Council; iv) to the District Administrator and finally; v) to court. If communities feel their
grievances are not adequately addressed, they have the option to go up to Provincial level or
still further, national level;
Conduct information sharing and awareness campaigns on the causes and preventative
measures of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other epidemics for reconstruction workers,
suppliers as well as local communities;
Ensure availability of adequate sanitary facilities for the construction workers close the
working sites, to avoid contamination of water and soils from human waste which may have
adverse impacts on the health of workers and population of the surrounding areas;
Include other support measures such as safe water points, storage facilities, electricity etc.
for project site workers;
Ensure hygiene and security measures are respected in work sites to reduce risks of work-
related accidents.
11.16. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
Macarretane Barrage: Sedimentation in rivers is a natural phenomena occurring particularly
during the rainy season where loads of sediments are dragged to the river as result of storm water
discharging into the river. Soils disturbances due to agricultural activities upstream of the
Macarretane barrage may also contribute with sediments to the the river. Additional sediments may
be added to the river as a result of the proposed civil works associated to rehabilitation of the
downstream terrace of Macarretane barrage. This potential cumulative impact is the most
expressive likely to affect the aquatic environment, however it would be temporary, occurring
during construction phase, and can be mitigated by ensuring that no sediments are added to the river
during the rehabilitation of the barrage’s infrastructure. In Addition, vehicles and equipment
movement would potentially result in emission of dust and gases to the atmosphere, hence,
71
affecting the air quality. Vehicle maintenance and dust suppression in the proximity of population
concentration points would minimize these impacts on human health.
Rehabilitation and expansion of water and sanitation systems: The proposed upgrade of water
and sanitation systems is will take place in villages with considerable number of people, and these
activities may be carried out simultaneously with other civil works activities being implemented by
government and private entities in the villages, such as construction, roads upgrade and
rehabilitation works undertaken by district government authorities or any other private initiatives in
the villages to support the various investments in targeted villages. The combined effect of different
projects may have important effects on the biophysical and socioeconomic environment,
particularly in terms of the air quality, noise environment, landscape and socioeconomics as
summarized below:
In terms of air quality, it is expected that dust and gas emission will increase particularly as
most water and sanitation projects may involve excavations and use of vehicles and
machinery;
With respect to noise, it is anticipated that the noise levels could increase, as a result of
combined sources from different projects, with significant impacts upon sensitive receptors
such as population concentration points (schools, markets, health facilities) in the villages;
Regarding the biotic systems, the expected cumulative impacts on the flora and vegetation
are important, but would be less expressive where civil works are being implemented in
the villages centers;
Increased water availability and possible unattended water leaks may lead to wet conditions
and consequently proliferation of disease vectors such as mosquitoes;
The impacts on the landscape would be associated to the construction phase, and it is
considered that these could be important, but temporary, based on the assumption that an
environmental plan for landscape recovery would be devised to mitigate these impacts.
Installation of Water Desalination Plants and Water Dispensers for live stock: One key impact
under this component would be the continual water uptake in the aquifer which may result in
further increase of levels of salinity in the aquifer. This may result in the need for upgrading the
water desalination process, with a view to lower the levels of salinity and make water available for
human consumption. This issue of increased levels of salinity in the aquifer will need to be
monitored to inform the district water authorities with a view to identifying other technical
solutions as well as alternative water sources to ensure continued availability of potable water for
human consumption. Other cumulative impacts would be related to increased demand for land as
well as competing land uses particularly in siting the location of water desalination plants in
villages, and this impact would be more expressed in villages where there are no available spaces
reserved for future expansion of water facilities. Impacts may be resolved by applying principles
outlined in the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) prepared in parallel to the present ESMF.
The proposed ERRP-AF projects will collectively have positive impacts in the reduction of the
incidence of waterborne diseases through provision of potable water, increasing the welfare of local
people and children who spend part of their day looking for water will have more time to be
dedicated to personal development activities and income generation. These impacts if combined
with improved sanitation, improved nutrition with increased agricultural production as a result of
rehabilitation of the Macarretane barrage, as well as with improved availability of protein from live
stock, form positive cumulative impacts that will improve the standards of living of the beneficiary
communities.
72
12. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)
The purpose of this section is to provide guidance on how to prepare future Environmental
Management Plan (ESMP) to ensure effective and optimal environmental and social management
of the projects once their exact location and design of interventions are known. The ESMP there
provides the relevant subcomponents of the project; the potential negative environmental and social
impacts; proposed mitigation measures; and defines responsibilities for the implementation and
monitoring of the measures.
Table 2: Environmental and Social Management Plan
Project
Activity
Environmental/
Social Impact
Mitigation Measures Responsibility Timeframe/
Periodicity Implemen
tation of
measures
Monitoring
of measures
Rehabilitation of the Macarretane Barrage
To be managed, implemented and monitored by the MOPHRH through DNGRH
73
Environ
mental
Impacts
Soil erosion can
be expected to
result from earth-
moving activities
Implement appropriate
soil erosion control
measures such as
minimizing run-off,
Scheduling to avoid
heavy rainfall periods if
possible
Contouring and
minimizing length and
steepness of slopes
Mulching to stabilize
exposed areas
Re-vegetating areas
promptly
Designing channels and
ditches for post-
construction
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Verification of
conditions
prior
commenceme
nt and upon
completion of
works
Contamination of
soils and water as
a result of works
Superior soils should be
separated/ removed and
replaced/ placed back
once the works have been
concluded
Contractor District
Services for
Infrastructure
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Verification of
conditions
prior
commenceme
nt and upon
completion of
works
74
Residual waters,
chemicals and oils
are discharged
contaminating
underground water
and soils
Adequate drainage of
water and/or other liquid
wastes used during
reconstruction and
operation phases of the
Project
Use of chemical products
such as oils, lubricants
and fuels should be
limited and controlled/
supervised
Drainage systems in the
Project sites should be
equipped with a water/ oil
separator
Guidelines and
procedures on cleaning
oil/ fuel/ chemical leaks
should be made available
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
Vegetation
clearance, soil
disturbances, and
modification of
natural habitats
Avoid or minimize
clearing of vegetation
during preparation for
rehabilitation and
reconstruction works.
Vegetation should be
established around
structures so that bare
soils are not exposed to
erosive forces
Reinstatement of
vegetation cleared
following completion of
works; rehabilitation of
site’s disturbed soils
immediately after
completion of works
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
75
Air pollution as a
result of dust/ toxic
chemicals in the
air
Watering surfaces to
reduce dust and reduce
usage of chemicals;
Reduction of speed limits
and/ or access to roads
that lead to the project
areas
Ensure regular
maintenance of vehicles
and equipment used on
sites
Minimizing dust from
material handling
sources, such as
conveyors and bins, by
using covers and/or
control equipment
Moving potential
hazardous air pollutants,
such as asbestos, from
existing infrastructure
prior to demolition
Avoiding open burning of
solid
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
76
Setting-up of semi-
permanent work
sites may cause
negative impacts
due to
accumulation of
solid waste, and
disposal of human
waste
includes
contaminated soils,
ly rags, used oil
filters etc. Non-
hazardous waste
includes excess fill
materials from
grading and
excavation
activities, scrap
wood and metals,
and small concrete
spills. Other non-
hazardous solid
wastes include
office, kitchen, and
dormitory wastes
Availability of adequate
sanitary facilities for the
construction workers
close the working sites, to
avoid contamination of
water and soils
The contractor should
categorize all waste
(hazardous and non-
hazardous), and should
adopt the practice of
recycling whenever
possible
Provide containment for
fuel storage tanks and for
the temporary storage of
other fluids such as
lubricating oils and
hydraulic fluids
Train workers on the
correct transfer and
handling of fuels and
chemicals and the
response to spills
Make provisions for
access to potable water
and washrooms during
works and of water,
sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) programs
directed towards the local
populations in targeted
areas
Assess the presence of
hazardous substances in
or on building materials
(e.g. asbestos- containing
flooring or insulation)
and decontaminate or
properly dispose of
contaminated building
materials
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a weekly basis
77
Poorly installed
channels may
concentrate water
in specific areas
and subsequently
drain the area and
contribute to
drying up
wetlands.
Ensure that
reconstruction process is
managed adequately and
that all stages of the
works are monitored for
quality control and
quality assurance
Identification, regular
measurement, and
recording of principal
water flows within at the
target area
Definition and regular
review of performance
targets, which are
adjusted to account for
changes in major factors
affecting water use (e.g.
industrial production rate)
Regular comparison of
water flows with
performance targets to
identify where action
should be taken to reduce
water use
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
Hydrological
alterations may
lead to significant
increase in
mosquito
breeding sites
Distribute mosquito nets
to project workers who
remain on-site as well as
to local communities in
surrounding area of the
project;
Outbreaks of malaria,
urinary infections and
water-borne illnesses
should be monitored
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a trimester
basis
78
Social
Impacts
Social conflicts
resulting from land
uptake
Public consultations prior
to any works/ during
project preparation and
throughout all phases of
the Project according to
the provisions of Decree
45/ 2004 and Ministerial
Diploma 130/2006
Involve interested and
affected people, directly
or indirectly affected by
the activities of the
Project
If resettlement is
unavoidable, the
resettlement process has
to be managed in
accordance to the Law on
Resettlement Decree n⁰
31/2012 of August 8, and
in conformity with the
World Bank Safeguard
Policy on Involuntary
Resettlement OP/BP
4.12
DPOPHRH
Consultant
MOPHRH
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Steering
Committee
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Public nuisance
and health impacts
resulting from
inadequate
disposal of solid
wastes including
demolition
materials.
Use of chemical products
such as oils, lubricants
and fuels should be
limited and controlled/
supervised
Drainage systems in the
Project sites should be
equipped with a water/ oil
separator
The contractor should
categorize all waste, and
should adopt the practice
of recycling whenever
possible
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a weekly basis
79
Noise pollution
given the
reconstruction
works, as a result
of operating
machinery and
equipment.
Choosing less noisy
equipment and make use
of equipment in good
conditions
Usage of silencers to
reduce vibrations of
equipment during
construction phases
Where necessary, reduce
construction time and the
running speed of noisy
equipment
Planning and logistics
should be appropriate –
plan noisy activities for
early hours of the day and
inform local inhabitants
of activities that will
result in noise and
vibrations
Monitor noise and
vibrations
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a weekly basis
80
Risk of water
borne illnesses
such as cholera or
malaria
Solid waste should be
covered to avoid
contamination of water
Distribute mosquito nets
to project workers who
remain on-site as well as
to local communities in
surrounding area of the
project
Outbreaks of malaria,
urinary infections and
water-borne illnesses
should be monitored
Providing surveillance
and active screening and
treatment of workers
Prevention of larval and
adult propagation through
sanitary improvements
and elimination of
breeding habitats close to
human settlements
Elimination of unusable
impounded water
andincrease in water
velocity in natural and
artificial channels
Considering the
application of residual
insecticide to
dormitory walls
Implementation of
integrated vector control
programs
Promoting use of
repellents, clothing,
netting, and other
barriers to prevent insect
bites
Contractor DPOPHRH
District Health
Services
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
81
Contamination of
food as a result of
chemical residues
in water and soils
going into crop
production through
the Chókwè
Irrigation Scheme
and surrounding
production areas
Adequate drainage of
water and/or other liquid
wastes used during
reconstruction and
operation phases of the
Project
Contractor INIR
District Health
Services
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
Increase in
HIV/AIDS rates
as a result of
workers coming
from other areas of
the country.
Conduct information
sharing and awareness
campaigns on the causes
and preventative
measures of HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis and other
epidemics for
reconstruction workers,
suppliers as well as local
communities
Condoms should be
distributed to workers and
surrounding
communities, and health
care should for workers
should be made available
NGOs or
Community
Based
Organizatio
ns (CBOs)
District Health
Services
DPOPHRH
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Work-related
accidents as a
result of lack of
use of personal
protective
equipment by
workers during the
construction phase
Use of chemical products
such as oils, lubricants
and fuels should be
limited and controlled/
supervised
Guidelines and
procedures on cleaning
oil/ fuel/ chemical leaks
should be made available
Drainage systems in the
Project sites should be
equipped with a water/ oil
separator
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environmental
Focal Point/
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
82
Non-use of local
resident
manpower
Highly recommended to
hire local workers
wherever possible. This
will raise the acceptance
of the population to the
project
Priority be given to local
construction firms with
knowledge of the local
social norms
Contractor DPOPHRH
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Verification
prior
commenceme
nt and upon
completion of
works
Destruction of
cultural and
heritage sites for
use of spaces
during
rehabilitation or
reconstruction
works
Site areas should be
identified and agreed to
prior to the start of the
works
Destruction of cultural
and heritage sites should
be completely avoided.
Where previously
unknown cultural
heritage sites are found
during construction, the
chance finds approach
shall be used – this
should include
consultation with local
communities, transfer or
removal where possible,
and restoration for critical
sites.
Where these are not
related to conservation
areas or heritage, the RPF
should provide guidance
on the transfer of this
sites and compensation
for the affected
populations.
DPOPHRH District
Services for
Infrastructure
Provincial
Directorate of
Culture (DPC)
Safeguards
Specialist
Team
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Water Supply Systems Rehabilitation and Expansion
To be managed, implemented and monitored by AIAS
83
Environ
mental
Impacts
Soil erosion
resultant from
excavations or
other earth moving
activities
Rehabilitation of site’s
disturbed soils
immediately after
completion of works
Vegetation should be
established around
structures so that bare soil
is not exposed to erosive
forces
Scheduling to avoid
heavy rainfall periods if
possible
Contouring and
minimizing length and
steepness of slopes
Mulching to stabilize
exposed areas
Re-vegetating areas
promptly
Designing channels and
ditches for post-
construction
Combine civil
construction, tree-
planting and small earth
movements to help
stabilise soils
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Loss in vegetation
and natural
habitats of plants
and animals
Avoid or minimize
clearing of vegetation
during preparation for
rehabilitation and
reconstruction works.
Carry out works in that
have already been
cleared, where
infrastructure was
existent prior to the
disaster/ emergency
Reinstatement of
vegetation following
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
84
completion of works
Soil compaction
resulting from the
use of heavy
equipment and
machinery on site
Careful choice of
equipment and machinery
and should take into
account size of the
location/ area where
works will be carried out
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Prior to
commenceme
nt of works
Contamination of
water and soils as
a result of
chemicals (oils,
fuels and
lubricants from
machinery and
vehicles working
on site, remains of
paints, etc.).
Superior soils should be
separated/ removed and
replaced/ placed back
once the works have been
concluded
Use of chemical products
such as oils, lubricants
and fuels should be
limited and controlled/
supervised
Drainage systems in the
Project sites should be
equipped with a water/ oil
separator
The contractor should
categorise all waste, and
should adopt the practice
of recycling whenever
possible
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
85
Water quality Ensure water quality is
adequate for human
consumption where
rehabilitation of water
supply systems will take
place (quality of water
should be tested for
salinity, and to determine
necessary water
treatment, and use WHO
standards.
Avoid construction of
water supply wells and
water intake structures in
sensitive ecosystems;
Evaluate potential
adverse effects of
groundwater withdrawal,
including modeling of
groundwater level
changes and resulting
impacts to surface water
flows, potential land
subsidence, contaminant
mobilization and
saltwater intrusion
Modify extraction rates
and locations as
necessary to prevent
unacceptable adverse
current and future
impacts, considering
realistic future increases
in demand
Minimize the quantity of
solids generated by the
water treatment process
through optimizing
coagulation processes;
Use corrosion-resistant
piping, valves, metering
equipment, and any other
equipment coming in
AIAS AIAS
Provincial
Directorate
of Health/
District
Health
Services
Provincial
Laboratory
Tested prior
commenceme
nt of works
and monitored
on a trimester
basis
86
contact with gaseous or
liquid chlorine, and
keep this equipment
free from contaminants,
including oil and grease
87
Air pollution
resulting from
dusts and use of
chemicals
Watering surfaces to
reduce dust and reduce
usage of chemicals; and
avoid fires
Adequate preparation of
construction material
such as cement
Reduction of speed limits
and/ or access to roads
that lead to the project
areas
Ensure regular
maintenance of vehicles
and equipment used on
sites
Minimiz dust from
material handling
sources, such as
conveyors and bins, by
using covers and/or
control equipment (water
suppression, bag house,
or cyclone)
Minimize dust from open
area sources, including
storage piles, by using
control measures such as
installing enclosures and
covers, and increasing the
moisture content
Avoid open burning of
solid
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
88
Setting-up of semi-
permanent work
sites may cause
accumulation of
solid waste, and
disposal of human
waste which may
contaminate water
and soils in sites
Availability of adequate
sanitary facilities for the
construction workers
close the working sites, to
avoid contamination of
water and soils
Promote and facilitate
correct septic tank design
and improvement of
septic tank maintenance.
Septic tank design should
balance effluent quality
and maintenance needs
Consider provision of
systematic, regular
collection of fecal sludge
and septic waste
Use appropriate
collection vehicles. A
combination of vacuum
tanker trucks and smaller
hand-pushed vacuum tugs
may be needed to service
all households;
Facilitate discharge of
fecal sludge and septage
at storage and treatment
facilities so that untreated
septage is not discharged
to the environment.
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
89
Acquisition of land
for rehabilitation
or reconstruction
works, which may
lead to
involuntary
resettlement
Public consultations prior
to any works/ during
project preparation and
throughout all phases of
the Project according to
the provisions of Decree
45/ 2004 and Ministerial
Diploma 130/2006 on the
public consultation
process, which should
involve interested and
affected people, directly
or indirectly affected by
the activities of the
Project
If resettlement is
unavoidable, the
resettlement process has
to be managed in
accordance to the Law on
Resettlement Decree n⁰
31/2012 of August 8, and
should also be in
conformity with the
World Bank Safeguard
Policy on Involuntary
Resettlement OP/BP
4.12
AIAS
Consultant
AIAS
Steering
Committee
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Social
Impacts
Non-use of local
resident
manpower during
the rehabilitation
and construction of
the infrastructures
Highly recommended to
hire local workers
wherever possible. This
will raise the acceptance
of the population to the
project
Priority be given to local
construction firms with
knowledge of the local
social norms
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Conditions
verified prior
commenceme
nt and upon
completion of
works
90
Accumulation of
solid waste and
inadequate
disposal of human
waste can lead to
health issues
Availability of adequate
sanitary facilities for the
construction workers
close the working sites, to
avoid contamination of
water and soils
The contractor should
categorize all waste, and
should adopt the practice
of recycling whenever
possible
Make provisions for
access to potable water
and washrooms during
works and of water,
sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) programs
directed towards the local
populations in targeted
areas
Promote and facilitate
correct septic tank design
and improvement of
septic tank maintenance.
Septic tank design should
balance effluent quality
and maintenance needs
Consider provision of
systematic, regular
collection of fecal sludge
and septic waste
Use appropriate
collection vehicles. A
combination of vacuum
tanker trucks and smaller
hand-pushed vacuum tugs
may be needed to service
all households;
Facilitate discharge of
fecal sludge and septage
at storage and treatment
facilities so that untreated
septage is not discharged
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
91
to the environment.
92
Occupation of
private land by
contractors during
works
Public consultation with
local communities, and
prior authorization on
areas that can be used by
contractors for setting-up
temporary camp-sites,
disposal of waste, storage
and parking of vehicles,
equipment and machinery
to be used in construction
site
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Conditions
verified prior
commenceme
nt and upon
completion of
works
Noise pollution
given the
reconstruction
works, as a result
of operating
machinery and
equipment.
Choosing less noisy
equipment and make use
of equipment in good
conditions
Usage of silencers to
reduce vibrations of
equipment during
construction phases
Where necessary, reduce
construction time and the
running speed of noisy
equipment
Planning and logistics
should be appropriate –
plan noisy activities for
early hours of the day and
inform local inhabitants
of activities that will
result in noise and
vibrations
Monitor noise and
vibrations
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a weekly basis
93
Water shortages
in some areas
during the
rehabilitation or
emergency repairs
works
Ensure optimal water
management to avoid
disruption of water
supply
Establish alternative
water sources during
rehabilitation works
Ensure local communities
are informed of possible
water shortages prior to
and during works and that
they are informed of
where to attain alternative
sources
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Monitored on
a weekly basis
Risk of water
borne illnesses
such as cholera or
malaria
Solid waste should be
covered to avoid
contamination of water
Distribute mosquito nets
to project workers who
remain on-site as well as
to local communities in
surrounding area of the
project
Outbreaks of malaria,
urinary infections and
water-borne illnesses
should be monitored
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
District
Health
Services
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a trimester
basis
94
Increase in
HIV/AIDS rates as
a result of workers
coming from other
areas of the
country.
Conduct information
sharing and awareness
campaigns on the causes
and preventative
measures of HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis and other
epidemics for
reconstruction workers,
suppliers as well as local
communities
Condoms should be
distributed to workers and
surrounding
communities, and health
care should for workers
should be made available
NGOs or
Community
Based
Organizations
(CBOs)
District
Health
Services
AIAS
Conditions
verified prior
commenceme
nt and upon
completion of
works
95
Work-related
accidents as a
result of lack of
use of personal
protective
equipment by
workers during the
construction phase
Health and Safety
requirements should be
put in place: Restrict
access to construction
sites and make provisions
for security guards at
entrances and exits of
construction sites
Make provisions for
proper training on the use
of equipment as well as
training on health and
safety procedures in the
workplace
Provide safety equipment
to workers (such as
helmets, gloves, goggles,
boots) etc. including
ensure signs placed on
sites
Make provisions for a
health unit or first aid and
prepare an emergency
response plan
Avoid working at night,
and when this is
inevitable ensure that
sufficient lighting is
available for night works
Establish speed limits at
site areas to avoid
accidents
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitor on a
weekly basis
96
Fire outbreaks in
project areas as a
result of exposure
of flammable
materials during
reconstruction
works.
Availability of fire
extinguishing equipment
and/or fire alarm systems
and appropriate storage
areas for chemicals,
hazardous and flammable
materials to reduce risks.
Proper storage of
dangerous chemical
products at the Project
sites.
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitor on a
trimester basis
Destruction of
cultural and
heritage sites for
use of spaces
during
rehabilitation or
reconstruction
works
Site areas should be
identified and agreed to
prior to the start of the
works
Destruction of cultural
and heritage sites should
be completely avoided.
Where previously
unknown cultural
heritage sites are found
during construction, the
chance finds approach
shall be used – this
should include
consultation with local
communities, transfer or
removal where possible,
and restoration for critical
sites.
Where these are not
related to conservation
areas or heritage, the RPF
should provide guidance
on the transfer of this
sites and compensation
for the affected
populations.
AIAS
Contractor
District
Services for
Infrastructure
Provincial
Directorate
of Culture
(DPC)
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
97
Social
Impacts
Inadequate
sanitation in
construction areas
which can be
mitigated/ avoided
with the provision
of adequate
washing and toilet
facilities close to
the works
Availability of adequate
sanitary facilities for the
construction workers
close the working sites, to
avoid contamination of
water and soils
Contractor AIAS
Districts
Services for
Infrastructure
District
Health
Services
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
Target population
not willing or able
to pay for water
supply
Verify with local
populations willingness
and capacity to pay a
symbolic amount per
household for the use of
the water supply systems
to ensure sustainability
and availability of funds
for repairs in the future;
Set-up water committees
in the targeted areas to
monitor and support
AIAS AIAS
Districts
Services for
Infrastructure
Community
leaders
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
Installation of Water Desalination Systems
To be managed, implemented and monitored by AIAS
Environ
mental
Impacts
Soil erosion
resultant from
excavations or
other earth moving
activities
Rehabilitation of site’s
disturbed soils
immediately after
completion of works
Implement appropriate
soil erosion control
measures
Combine civil
construction, tree-
planting and small earth
movements to help
stabilize soils
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
98
Loss in vegetation
and natural
habitats of plants
and animals
Avoid or minimize
clearing of vegetation
during preparation for of
the sites.
Carry out works in that
have already been cleared
Vegetation should be
established around
structures so that bare soil
is not exposed to erosive
forces
Reinstatement of
vegetation cleared
following completion of
works
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Soil compaction
resulting from the
use of heavy
equipment and
machinery on sites
Careful choice of
equipment and machinery
and should take into
account size of the
location/ area where
works will be carried out
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Prior to
commenceme
nt of activities
99
Contamination of
water and soils as
a result of
chemicals (oils,
fuels and
lubricants from
machinery and
vehicles working
on site).
Superior soils should be
separated/ removed and
replaced/ placed back
once the works have been
concluded
Use of chemical products
such as oils, lubricants
and fuels should be
limited and controlled/
supervised.
Drainage systems in the
Project sites should be
equipped with a water/ oil
separator.
Provide adequate
secondary containment
for fuel storage tanks and
for the temporary storage
of other fluids such as
lubricating oils and
hydraulic fluids,
Use impervious surfaces
for refueling areas and
other fluid transfer areas
Train workers on the
correct transfer and
handling of fuels and
chemicals and the
response to spills
Providing portable spill
containment and cleanup
equipment on site and
training in the equipment
deployment
Assessing the contents of
hazardous materials and
petroleum-based products
in building systems and
process equipment and
removing them prior to
initiation of
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
100
decommissioning
activities, and managing
their treatment and
disposal
Assessing the presence of
hazardous substances in
or on building materials
(e.g. asbestos- containing
flooring or insulation)
and decontaminating or
properly managing
contaminated building
materials
101
Issues during water
withdrawal Avoid construction of
water supply wells and
water intake structures in
sensitive ecosystems;
Evaluate potential
adverse effects of
groundwater withdrawal,
including modeling of
groundwater level
changes and resulting
impacts to surface water
flows, potential land
subsidence, contaminant
mobilization and
saltwater intrusion
Modify extraction rates
and locations as
necessary to prevent
unacceptable adverse
current and future
impacts, considering
realistic future increases
in demand.
Potential impact on soil,
groundwater, and surface
water, in the context of
protection, conservation
and long term
sustainability of water
and land resources,
should be assessed when
land is used as part of any
waste or wastewater
treatment system
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
102
Setting-up of semi-
permanent work
sites may cause
accumulation of
solid waste, and
disposal of human
waste which may
contaminate water
and soils in sites
Availability of adequate
sanitary facilities for the
construction workers
close the working sites, to
avoid contamination of
water and soils
The contractor should
categorize all waste, and
should adopt the practice
of recycling whenever
possible
Make provisions for
access to potable water
and washrooms during
works and of water,
sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) programs
directed towards the local
populations
Promote and facilitate
correct septic tank design
and improvement of
septic tank maintenance.
Septic tank design should
balance effluent quality
and maintenance needs
Consider provision of
systematic, regular
collection of fecal sludge
and septic waste
Facilitate discharge of
fecal sludge and septage
at storage and treatment
facilities so that untreated
septage is not discharged
to the environment.
Provide systems for
effective collection and
management of sewage
and greywater (separately
or combined)
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a weekly basis
103
Air pollution as a
result of dust/ toxic
chemicals in the
air
Watering surfaces to
reduce dust and reduce
usage of chemicals; and
avoid fires
Adequate preparation of
construction material
such as cement
Reduction of speed limits
and/ or access to roads
that lead to the project
areas
Ensure regular
maintenance of vehicles
and equipment used on
sites
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a weekly basis
104
Contamination of
rivers and the sea
close in the
province with
desalination
treatment
chemicals which
can affect
biodiversity and
species
Disposal of brine in the
sea or rivers should be
completely avoided
Brine should be collected
and transported to salt
works. If directed for
human consumption,
appropriate measures
should be taken into place
including hygiene and
testing
Waste from desalination
should be discharged into
sewers or treated at a
sewage treatment plant
Changing the location of
brine disposal and
treating the brine before
ultimate discharge the
actual impact of brine in
the receiving water can be
reduced.
Brine can be discharged
in the surface water and
diluted or can be mixed
with less saline waste
streams before ultimate
discharge
Brine can be directed to
the existing sewer
treatment plant to dilute
with municipal
wastewater prior
discharge
Brine can be injected via
wells into confined and
non-potable aquifer
systems
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a trimester
basis
105
Chemical
imbalance in sea
and fresh waters
due to disposal of
brines resultant
from desalination
process
Disposal of brine in the
sea or rivers should be
completely avoided
Brine should be collected
and transported to salt
works. If directed for
human consumption,
appropriate measures
should be taken into place
including hygiene and
testing
Waste from desalination
should be discharged into
sewers or treated at a
sewage treatment plant
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Increased demand
for electricity
required for
desalination
process and
subsequently
increased in green-
house gas
emissions
Plant will function on
solar power to ensure
economic and
environmental
sustainability and to
reduce the costs and
effects associated with
electrical power
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Transportation of
water from
desalination plant
to consumers may
result in
contamination or
deterioration of
quality of water
All desalination plants
should be installed where
there is a water shortage
problem and water should
only be intended to cover
local needs
Contractor AIAS
Provincial
Laboratory
Provincial
Directorate
of Health
106
Water has bad
taste and odor and
people may not
like it
Desalinated water needs
to be degasified as part of
treatment
Water quality measures
should be undertaken to
evaluate concentration of
important substances
such as pH, residual
chlorine, salinity and
ammonia
Abide by WHO
guidelines
Correct dosage and
application of use should
be set and used during
desalination process,
monitored and tested
regularly
Contractor AIAS
Provincial
Laboratory
Provincial
Directorate
of Health
Monthly in
the first 6
months; and
every
trimester
subsequently
Over use of
chemicals during
desalination
process may result
in alteration in
taste and odour of
water and people
may not drink it
Water needs to be tested
before pretreatment and
after desalination and
treatment process to
ensure that quality is in
accordance with the
recommendations and
standards provided by the
WHO for drinking water
Contractor AIAS
Provincial
Laboratory
Provincial
Directorate
of Health
Monthly in
the first 6
months; and
every
trimester
subsequently
107
Social
Impacts
Acquisition of
land may be
required for
installation of
desalination plant,
which may lead to
involuntary
resettlement of
local communities
Public consultations prior
to any works/ during
project preparation and
throughout all phases of
the Project according to
the provisions of Decree
54/ 2015 and Ministerial
Diploma 130/2006 on the
public consultation
process, which should
involve interested and
affected people, directly
or indirectly affected by
the activities of the
project.
If resettlement is
unavoidable, the
resettlement process has
to be managed in
accordance to the Law on
Resettlement Decree n⁰
31/2012 of August 8, and
should also be in
conformity with the
World Bank Safeguard
Policy on Involuntary
Resettlement OP/BP
4.12.
AIAS
Consultant
AIAS
Steering
Committee
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Non-use of local
resident
manpower during
the rehabilitation
and construction of
the infrastructures
could cause some
frustrations at the
local level
Highly recommended to
hire local workers
wherever possible. This
will raise the acceptance
of the population to the
project.
Priority be given to local
construction firms with
knowledge of the local
social norms
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
108
Destruction of
cultural heritage
sites
Destruction of cultural
heritage should be
completely avoided
Identification of location
process should determine
whether the proposed
location of a project is in
areas where cultural
heritage is expected to be
found, either during
construction or
operations.
Prior consultations with
local communities, PAPs
and interested persons is
key in identification of
construction areas
Restoration of the
functionality of the
cultural heritage that is
discovered and tampered
with during construction
works
AIAS
Contractor
Provincial
Directorate
of Culture
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
AIAS
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
Setting-up of semi-
permanent work
sites may cause
negative impacts
due to
accumulation of
solid waste, and
disposal of human
waste
The contractor should
categorise all waste, and
should adopt the practice
of recycling whenever
possible
Make provisions for
access to potable water
and washrooms during
works and of water,
sanitation and hygiene
(WASH) programmes
directed towards the local
populations in targeted
areas
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a weekly basis
109
Work-related
accidents as a
result of lack of
use of personal
protective
equipment by
workers
Health and Safety
requirements should be
put in place:
Restrict access to plant
sites and make provisions
for security guards at
entrances and exits
Make provisions for
proper training on the use
of equipment as well as
training on health and
safety procedures in the
workplace
Provide safety equipment
to workers (such as
helmets, gloves, goggles,
boots) etc.
Make provisions for a
health unit or first aid and
-prepare an emergency
response plan
Avoid working at night,
and when this is
inevitable ensure that
sufficient lighting is
available for night works
Establish speed limits at
site areas to avoid
accidents
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a weekly basis
Fire outbreaks in
project areas as a
result of exposure
of flammable
materials during
reconstruction
works.
Availability of fire
extinguishing equipment
and/or fire alarm systems
and appropriate storage
areas for chemicals,
hazardous and flammable
materials to reduce risks
Proper storage of
dangerous chemical
products at the Project
sites
Contractor AIAS at
provincial
level
District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
Environment
al Focal
Point
Monitored on
a monthly
basis
110
Increase in
HIV/AIDS rates as
a result of workers
coming from other
areas of the
country.
Conduct information
sharing and awareness
campaigns on the causes
and preventative
measures of HIV/AIDS,
tuberculosis and other
epidemics for
reconstruction workers,
suppliers as well as local
communities
NGOs or
Community
Based
Organizations
(CBOs)
AIAS
Provincial
Directorate
of Health/
District
Health
Services
Conditions to
be verified
and
documented at
the beginning
of works, and
verified upon
completion of
works
111
Risk of water
borne illnesses
such as cholera or
malaria
Solid waste should be
covered to avoid
contamination of water
Distribute mosquito nets
to project workers who
remain on-site as well as
to local communities in
surrounding area of the
project
Outbreaks of malaria,
urinary infections and
water-borne illnesses
should be monitored
Prevention of larval and
adult propagation through
sanitary improvements
and elimination of
breeding habitats close to
human settlements
Considering the
application of residual
insecticide to
dormitory walls
Promoting use of
repellents, clothing,
netting, and other
barriers to prevent insect
bites
Use of chemoprophylaxis
drugs by non-immune
workers andcollaborating
with public health
officials to help eradicate
disease
Monitoring and treatment
of circulating and
migrating
populations to prevent
disease reservoir spread
AIAS District
Services for
Infrastructure
(in loco)
AIAS
District
Health
Services
Monitored on
a trimester
basis
112
13. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
The Project will support investments in the rehabilitation or reconstruction of existing
infrastructure, thus minimizing potential negative social and environmental impacts and increasing
the efficiency of the investments. To assess alternatives scenarios and to identify the preferred
alternative an analysis of the proposed sub-project activities, an analysis was carried out with regard
to their environmental and social implications. The analysis was carried out for three scenarios,
namely, no-project scenario, alternative option, and with component scenario. A no project
alternative is not recommending for either of the sub-projects and their proposed activities as the
advantages of the proposed works with component scenario alternative it a better option than the
“no-project” and “alternative option” scenarios.
Analysis of Alternatives - Summary Table
Sub-
Project
Activity
No Project and no Component Scenario Alternative option With Component
Scenario
Rehabilitat
ion of the
Macarreta
ne Barrage
The downstream terrace which has suffered
scouring will remain unstable, and the
existent scour holes in the riverbed that are
as deep as 9 meters will accentuate. This
would imply that the Macarretane
downstream catchment would be left in
their present states with a real potential for
worsening and deterioration of structural
assets for dam safety. No action alternative
is not recommended.
No alternative identified Intervention would
lead to strengthening
the Macarretane
Barrage safety,
reduction in erosion of
soil, elimination of
scouring and reduction
silting of the river and
channels, and
improvement in the
livelihoods and
incomes of the local
population and those
that depend on the
Chokwe Irrigation
Scheme for their
agriculture practices
and livelihoods.
Continued high levels of erosion posing
creating risks to the pillar of the dam, and
increasing chances of the dam collapsing
and causing human, material and financial
loses
No alternative identified
The barrage may become inoperative in the
medium to long run, causing decreases and
eventually ceasing of agricultural activities
in the Chokwe Irrigation system and
surrounding areas, and adversely impacting
the production levels of food and incomes
and livelihoods of farmers and population
of the district in general
No alternative identified
113
There is a risk of the piers that support the
two bridge-decks (road and railway)
collapsing. The bridge deck is of
importance for the local communities to
comment and transport goods, as well as of
particular regional importance, as they are
a vital part on the Limpopo Corridor
System, which provides access to the
Maputo Harbor for landlocked countries
such as Zimbabwe, Botswana and Zambia,
collapsing. This may result in the disuse of
the infrastructure
No alternative identified
Water
supply
systems
rehabilitati
on and
expansion
Chicualacuala and Funhalouro to remain
with no functioning public water supply
system. Water will continue to be supplied
by private providers and local population in
targeted areas are to continue paying for
access.
Make use of existing rainfall
reservoirs as alternative
sources for the planned water
supply system. The main
issue with regards to this
system is that the targeted
areas have very low rainfall
and a short period of rain.
They are drought prone
locations and suffer cyclical
dry spells.
Works will include
water storage
facilities, towers,
networks and house
connections and some
standpipes which will
ensure water supply.
Safe drinking water
will result in improved
sanitation and hygiene
conditions
Installation
of water
desalinatio
n systems
Limited access to water and continued
supply from Chokwe and private water
suppliers, with high transportation costs,
and high costs to be paid by local
population
Make use of existing rainfall
reservoirs as alternative
sources for the planned water
supply system. The main
issue with regards to this
system is that the targeted
areas have very low rainfall
and a short period of rain.
They are drought prone
locations and suffer cyclical
dry spells.
The construction of
eight multifunctional
boreholes equipped
with solar pumps will
ensure that the
systems are
sustainable and do not
depend on high energy
costs associated with
desalination processes.
The quality of water
will be based on
international standards
(World Health
Organization -WHO),
and therefore a
reduction in water-
borne illnesses and
water contamination is
expected given the
safe supply of water in
the target areas.
There will be access to
water for small
agriculture activities.
High salinity water available from current
boreholes continued to be used for
livestock and agriculture
Use of treated sewage and
treated wastewater to increase
water supply to help address
future increases in water
demand for agricultural
purposes. Hygiene and safety
as well as costs associated
with this process outweigh
desalination process
Continued health problems amongst
population in targeted areas related to
intake if water with high salinity levels as
well as water-borne illnesses resulting from
inadequate hygiene and safety measures
during collection, transportation, storage
and distribution
No alternative identified for
water for human
consumption.
114
14. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING PROCESS
The screening process described in this section is aimed at determining which activities
(reconstruction/rehabilitation/installation works) are likely to result in significant negative
environmental and social effects with a view to determine appropriate impact mitigation measures
for those activities, and ensure environmental sustainability of sub-projects undertaken in the
Project areas, through effective monitoring of impacts during the construction/rehabilitation phase
of works in the cities. The outcome of the screening process will determine the extent of
environmental considerations required preceding the carrying out of activities of the Project related
to construction and rehabilitation works.
For the purpose of the reconstruction/rehabilitation/ installation works, the MITADER
Environmental Screening Form (Annex 2) has been considered. However, the form does not fully
address some of the key environmental and social effects likely to result from the proposed
activities. Thus, an Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex 3) has been devised to
support environmental and social decision-making of the proposed works.
The form is also designed to be used by the persons involved in the implementation of the program,
reviewers and relevant decision makers, in order to identify mitigation measures for the activities
likely to have adverse environmental and social effects, and identify the need for advanced
environmental assessment.
The screening process for this project consist of four steps i) review of environmental and social
impacts checklist for projects; ii) screening of impacts from the sub-components and sites; iii)
assignment of environmental categories; and iv) preparation, review and approval of an
Environmental Action Plan. The screening process will be carried out using a screening form to be
attached to this ESMF. The already established safeguards specialist team in the implementation
units will be responsible for carrying out the environmental and social screening. The Steps can be
summarised as follows:
MITADER
(DPTADER)
Approval of
environmental
assessment
Public
consultation and
Disclosure
Safeguards Specialist
team in MOPHRH,
AIAS
Environmental
monitoring and
follow up
Safeguards Specialist
team in MOPHRH,
AIAS
115
14.1. STEP 1 - REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS CHECKLIST FOR PROJECTS
The Safeguards Specialist team will make use of the environmental and social checklist annexed to
this ESMF (Annex 4), will should be filled out for each of the project sub-components and by their
respective teams. This activity will take place in parallel to the preparation of plans and drawings of
the proposed reconstruction/rehabilitation works under each of the sub-components of Component
A of the ERRP AF.
Category B activities may require only the application of mitigation measures indicated in the
checklist. Where the checklist identifies the need for acquisition of land, a Resettlement Action Plan
(RAP) should be prepared by qualified personnel in line with the OP 4.12 for Involuntary
Resettlements, and taking into account the Ministry Diploma 181/2010 of November 3, and taking
into account the Resettlement Policy Framework prepared in parallel to this ESMF.
If the results of the environmental and social screening process indicate the need for an
environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a result of the complexity of the proposed
reconstruction/rehabilitation activities, EIAs will be carried out by an authorized consultancy firm,
in line with the Decree 45/2004 (and its update as per the Decree 42/2008 of November 4) on
Regulations for Environmental Impact Assessment Processes administered by MITADER, and in
consideration of the Bank’s OP 4.O1 for Environmental Impact Assessments.
This ESMF includes a simple Environmental and Social Management Plan to be used by the
different implementation units of the ERRP.
Safeguards Specialist
team in MOPHRH,
AIAS
Review of
checklist
Site screeningSafeguards Specialist
team in MOPHRH,
AIAS
Categorization Safeguards Specialist
team in MOPHRH,
AIAS
Review and
Approval
MITADER/
DPTADER Technical
Assessment
Selection of
Consultant
Safeguards Specialist
team in MOPHRH,
AIAS
Environmental
Impact
Assessment
Authorized EIA
Consultant
116
14.2. STEP 2 - SCREENING OF SITES
The Safeguards Specialists Team from each of the project implementation units or sub-components
should conduct a desktop study aimed at appraising the project’s plans and activities. The team will
be trained by the Provincial Directorate of Land, Environmental and Rural Development
(DPTADER) on the identification of basic environmental and social issues associated with
development projects. Each safeguards team shall work in coordination with the other members of
the implementation unit (including the MOPHRH, AIAS) to determine the likelihood of the project
to cause negative environmental and social impacts. The team should conduct a site visit with a
view to verify the site conditions and determine what the potential environmental and social
impacts associated with the activities to be implemented.
14.3. STEP 3 – ASSIGNMENT OF ENVIRONMENT CATEGORIES
The identification and attribution of a category for each sub-component should be preceded by
filling out the proposed Environmental and Social Screening Form (Annex 3) and the information
gathered in this form will be used to assign the appropriate environmental category A+, A, B or C as
described below. The criteria for categorization of the proposed rehabilitation/reconstruction works
under this ESMF are based on the World Bank’s OP 4.01 for Environmental Assessment and the
Mozambican EIA regulations as per the newly approved Decree 54/2015. Category A sub-projects
are not eligible for financing under the ERRP project as it has been classified as Category B.
The environmental categorization of activities will be carried by the Safeguards Specialist team,
under the auspices of the implementation unit and taking into consideration of the criteria below:
Category A+: activities requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment and reports subject
to independent review by experts with recognized experience;
Category A: activities requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment;
Category B: activities requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or/and an
Environmental Management Plan (EMP);
Category C: activities that are exempt from detailed environmental impact assessment, but
which shall be implemented in observance of environmental management best practices.
The ERRP has been analyzed the project has been categorized as B. All activities under
components A and D, given the nature of the foreseen works fall under Categories B and C as their
potential environmental and social impacts are expected to be site-specific, minimal, and easily
mitigated through a simple environmental management plan (for category B activities) and
environmental management best practices for category C projects.
Each proponent of the sub-components of the project (MOPHRH, AIAS) will be required to fill the
environmental and social screening forms of the proposed construction/rehabilitation/installation
works, propose adequate environmental classification of the activities, and communicate the results
of the screening to MITADER at the Provincial Directorate of Environmental (DPTADER) for final
decision-making.
14.4. STEP 4 - PREPARATION, REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN
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The environmental and social screening forms and the EIA reports should be submitted to
DPTADER for review and decision-making. In summary, DPTADER will be responsible for the
following:
Review of the results and recommendations submitted by the Safeguards Specialist team
based on the environmental and social screening form (Annex 3);
Review of the proposed mitigation measures presented in the Environmental Checklist
(Annex 4);
Review the results of the conducted EIAs and ESMP (included in this ESMF) to determine
and ensure that all relevant environmental and social issues have been properly addressed,
and relevant mitigation measures have been put in place for the proposed reconstruction and
rehabilitation works.
In the case of approval of an EIA Report, an Environmental License in line with the requirements of
the Decree 45/2004 on Regulations for Environmental Impact Assessment Process will be issued.
The approval should also include information on how the findings of the EIA Report were used to
make the final decision.
Once the environmental and social screening form has been approved by DPTADER, the district
and the project implementation unit environmental officers will be informed (in writing) and the
construction/rehabilitation works can begin.
14.5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE
The EIA Regulations for Environmental Impact Assessment Process (Decree 54/2015) and the
Ministerial Diploma 130/2006, as described in this document stipulate that public consultation is an
integral part of the EIA process and should be considered throughout the project cycle, and should
include all relevant bodies, the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and interested persons. The public
consultation process should include:
One or more public (members of the community, government and non-government entities
and other stakeholders) meetings with a view to present the proposed activities, and gather
public views, concerns and expectations regarding the proposed project;
Register all the issues raised and ensure that communication channels between the public
and the project team are established with a view to gather public perception regarding the
proposed project.
Public meetings must be preceded by a public announcement which clearly states where the
meetings will be held, the date, and such notice must be publicized though the most circulated
newspaper or the most used communication channel (e.g. radio, TV, newspaper) 15 days before the
meeting date. In certain cases, members of the public may require basic information about the
project prior to the meeting date, to allow for active participation during the public meetings.
Public consultation should contribute to the elaboration of the scoping report by identifying the key
issues which should be addressed in detail during the environmental assessment of the project’s
activities. The results of consultations should be included into the EIA Report and it should be
explicitly stated how these results have been used in the scoping report and in making the final
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decision of the EIA Report. For the ERRP AF, it is proposed that the consultation with public be
carried out throughout all phases of the project cycle.
Table 4: Responsibility for implementing Screening Process
Screening phase Responsibility
Review of checklist Safeguards Specialist team in each sub-component/ project
implementation unit (MOPHRH, AIAS)
Site screening Safeguards Specialist team in each sub-component/ project
implementation unit (MOPHRH, AIAS)
Categorization Safeguards Specialist team in each sub-component/ project
implementation unit (MOPHRH, AIAS)
Review and Approval MITADER/ DPTADER Technical Assessment Committee
Selection of the consultant in case
of the need for a separate EIA
Safeguards Specialist teams in each sub-component/ project
implementation unit (MOPHRH, AIAS)
The project implementation unit will draft the EIA ToRs, and
prepare criteria for hiring an authorized EIA Consultant, evaluate
proposed candidatures, and select the most qualified consultant and
submit the selected Consultant to the specific sector.
Carrying out the Environmental
Impact
Assessment (EIA)
Authorized EIA Consultant
Approval of environmental
assessment
MITADER (DPTADER)
Public consultation and Disclosure Safeguards Specialist team in each sub-component/ project
implementation unit (MOPHRH, AIAS)
Environmental monitoring and
follow up
Safeguards Specialist team in each sub-component/ project
implementation unit (MOPHRH, AIAS)
15. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
The proposed Mozambique Emergency Resilient Recovery Project Additional Financing will be
coordinated within the existing Project Management/Implementation Unit in the Ministry of
Agriculture and Food Security (MASA) and the Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water
Resources (MOPHRH). Implementers will include various government agencies including district
councils across the country. However, at this stage, the Project will be implemented in selected
drought-affected areas in the Central and South regions. The selection of priority geographic areas
for food aid distribution will be finalized upon project implementation given the emergency nature
of the Project.
The additional funds for this project will be implemented by the Ministry of Public Works and
Water Resources (MOPHRH), through the National Directorate of Management of Water
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Resources (DNGRH), the Water Supply and Sanitation Infrastructure Administration (AIAS) and
the National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC). It is expected that the project is
implemented by existing units from the aforementioned institutions as well as institutions that deal
with emergencies and emergency response. Where specific units to deal with emergencies are non-
existent, these are to be created and staff is to be recruited.
Safeguards implementation arrangements will be similar to the overall project coordination
structure already in place. MOPHRH through DNGRH will be responsible for barrage structural
protection rehabilitation, rural drinking water supply, and food aid distribution. AIAS for drinking
water supply will lead the implementation of each of the project component under its responsibility.
The activities in Component E will be carried out under the same arrangement established for the
implementation of the Contingent Emergency Response Plan of the IDA IRM, where the DNGRH
would be responsible for financial management and procurement and INGC will be responsible to
provide the technical support and the distribution of food items to beneficiaries. These institutions
are currently implementing other Bank-financed projects and specific implementation arrangements
built upon the existing structure. Project teams in place have been strengthened with the recruitment
of dedicated safeguards specialist for each IE. DNGRH has a longstanding technical ability to
handle projects with very complex Bank Safeguards requirements. DNGRH will therefore take a
leading role and coordinate the preparation of safeguard documents, including the consolidation of
progress reports.
In line with the original Project Document of the ERRP, the AF project will be managed by the
Steering Committee, which is led by the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) and the National
Disaster Management Institute (INGC). The Steering Committee has the role of coordinating,
monitoring and supervising the implementation of the project. It is equally responsible for
analyzing progress reports submitted by the implementation units every trimester.
The inter-institutional coordination role will be maintained at the National Directorate of
Management of Water Resources, as per the parent project, and DNGRH will be responsible for the
day-to-day implementation and oversight of activities. The project coordinator at DNGRH will have
the role of consolidating and harmonizing the reports submitted by the different sectors. DNGRH
will subsequently submit all consolidated reports to the Steering Committee as well as to the World
Bank.
DNGRH has a solid and consistent project implementation structure and has since been consistent
in ensuring that safeguards documents for different Bank-funded projects such as, National Water
Resources Development Project and Flood Response Project were timely and adequately prepared
prior and during project implementation. DNGRH has longstanding experience in handling projects
with complex safeguards requirements. Nonetheless, due to the complexity of the ERRP AF
safeguards requirements under the DNGRH components the project management unit was recently
strengthened in several areas, including in the Safeguards capacity to specifically oversee the
project throughout the lifecycle. The newly recruited safeguards specialist will work closely with
the existing safeguards teams in both ARAs and DNGRH, who have extensively benefited from a
series of safeguards trainings organized either by the Bank or other entities both nationally and
internationally. They will work closely with MITADER and its affiliated provincial directorates’
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staff and relevant partners while ensuring that ERRP AF safeguards recommendations are fully met
during throughout the project cycle.
AIAS will implement expansion and rehabilitation of water supply programs and will install the
water desalination systems in the affected districts in Gaza and Inhambane provinces. AIAS shall
use the existing implementation arrangements and shared resources from other projects. AIAS is
responsible for the provision of urban water infrastructure all urban with the exception of large
cities and sanitation infrastructure, including drainage across the country. A separate Project
Agreement will be required for AIAS, as this is an independent agency with financial and
procurement autonomy.
AIAS has a solid and consistent project implementation structure and has since been consistent in
ensuring that safeguards documents for different Bank-funded projects were timely and adequately
prepared prior to project implementation. AIAS has longstanding experience in handling projects
with complex safeguards requirements. In addition, the Safeguards Specialist based at AIAS has
extensively benefited from a series of safeguards trainings organized either by the Bank or other
entities both nationally and internationally. The specialist will be key in ensuring that ERRP AF
safeguards recommendations are fully met during throughout the project cycle.
16. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PLAN MONITORING AND REPORTING
REQUIREMENTS
Monitoring and reporting on progress are critical areas for the successful implementation of the
present EMSF as well as of the overall ERRP AF project. Reporting is based on a set of indicators
which should be reported on, on a regular basis with specific responsibilities indicators set out here
will be mainstreamed into the overall monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for the project. The
specific objective of the monitoring process is to ensure that the ESMP is complied with and
verified at all levels and stages of the project implementation cycle. Monitoring shall be a
continuous process and should include the status of compliance as well as achievement of the
objectives of the project.
The Safeguards team of inter- institutional coordination team and of the implementing institutions
shall be responsible for coordinating and monitoring the implementation of the ESMF and ESMP.
The teams will be responsible for implementing sensitization programs with the view of informing
interested and affected persons of the framework, how it works and what is expected with it.
It is expected that continuous monitoring of the ESMP will guarantee:
That all activities of the project are implemented as required and as per the requirements
established by the present ESMF;
Where issues are encountered during implementation of the project, these are dealt with
immediately or as early as possible to prevent them from adversely impacting the results of
the project;
That the environmental and social mitigation measures identified in the present document or
any additional measures identified during the course of implementation are reflected in the
implementation and monitoring plans as well as in the agreements signed with contractors.
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It is recommended that the inter-institution coordination team with the authorization of the Steering
Committee, continues to coordinate and liaise with other relevant government institutions with
regards to environmental and social monitoring of the overall ERRP AF project. Weekly, monthly
and quarterly reports shall be prepared and distributed to all relevant entities and should include the
following:
Calendar or work plan for implementation;
Involvement of project affected persons;
Allocation of funds;
Arising issues and solutions identified and put in place during implementation;
Level of compliance of timelines and social, environmental, health and safety contractual
obligations of contractors;
Level of compliance of the site engineer in terms of supervision and monitoring of social,
environmental, health and safety aspects of the project.
It is recommended that an external consultant is hired to monitor, together with the inter-
institutional coordination safeguards team, compliance with the mitigation measures presented in
the present document on a quarterly basis.
Flowchart of events and entities responsible for Reporting the ESMP
Contractor
Daily
Site Engineer
Weekly
Safeguards Team
(of specific entity)
Monthly
DPTADER Monthly
MITADER
Quarterly
Safeguards Team
(Inter-institutional
Coord.)
Quarterly
Steering Committee
Quarterly
World Bank
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As presented on the flow chart above, monitoring and reporting responsibilities will be as follows:
The contractor shall report on a daily basis to the site engineering/ supervisor, who in turn will
report on a weekly basis to the specific implementing entity safeguard team responsible for a
particular sub-component of the ERRP AF. The specific safeguards team will be expected to report
on a monthly basis to the safeguards team at the inter-institutional coordination entity responsible
for the oversight and day-to-day management of the overall ERRP, this team will report to the
Steering Committee on a quarterly-basis and the reports shall be submitted to the World Bank.
The Provincial Environmental Focal Point, someone appointed from the DPTADER, shall liaise
with the site engineer on a monthly basis and shall report on progress and compliance of the
activities being implemented at local level on a monthly basis. The provincial focal point may also
provide reports or updates on compliance to the specific implementing institution’s safeguard team
on a monthly basis. A report shall be submitted to MITADER on a quarterly basis. The focal point
shall also undertake monitoring visits every three months, to ensure that the mitigation measures
and recommendations of the ESMF are being implemented.
The ESMF implementation and monitoring should be carried out by each of the project proponents,
in conjunction with provincial and district authorities, and following consultation with affected
persons. District authorities (SDAE/SDPI) assisted by DPTADER and/or ERRP AF funded
technical assistance will prepare annual monitoring reports that include information on the
implementation of the ESMF. DPTADER is required to conduct annual inspections for all category
B projects. Annual reviews of the implementation of the ESMF will be carried out by an
independent local consultant, NGO or other service provider that is not involved in the ERRP AF,
subject to by the Steering Committee and the World Bank. Independently-commissioned bi-annual
environmental auditing should be carried out.
The objective is not to have multiple reports, but to ensure that the safeguards recommendations
and mitigation measures are indeed being complied with, monitored and reported on at all levels,
and that attention is provided to arising environmental and social issues as early as possible without
compromising the results of the project.
17. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
This section makes recommendations for the types of training and capacity building that is required
to support implementation of this ESMF. These recommendations result from lessons from other
projects, a rapid assessment of the current capacity levels of the project proponents for each of the
sub-components of the projects, as well as from discussions had during consultation carried out as
part of the preparation of this ESMF. Training and capacity building is the key to the successful
implementation of the ESMF and the overall successful implementation of the ERRP AF.
Effective implementation of this ESMF will require technical capacity in the human resources of
implementing institutions as well as logistical facilitation. Sufficient understanding of the
mechanisms for implementing the ESMF will need to be provided to the various stakeholders
implementing the ERRP. This will be important to support the inter-institutional coordination team
at DNGRH, the existing safeguards teams present each of the institutions responsible for
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implementation of the sub-components and for stakeholders at local level in their role in providing
supervision, monitoring and evaluation including around environmental and social reporting on the
projects activities.
17.1. CAPACITY TO IMPLEMENT AND MANAGE THE ERRP AF
In general, all the project implementing institutions have qualified personnel to deal with
environmental and social issues, as well as dedicated safeguard teams given the relationship
between the ERRP AF and the specific projects related to the proponents. The existing staff
members include Safeguard teams at DNGRH and AIAS. It is recommended that dedicated Focal
Points are made available at provincial levels of the new targeted locations of the two provinces, as
done in the other provinces covered by the ERRP parent project.
17.2. STAFFING RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to ensure that there is adequate capacity to implement and monitor the performance of this
ESMF and its provisions, a number of staffing recommendations have been made for the general
oversight of the ESMF as well as site specific monitoring. The proposed staffing is for the inter-
institutional coordination team; environmental district focal points; and site engineers.
17.3. INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION TEAM
It is recommended that the inter-institutional coordination team proposed in the ESMF of the parent
ERRP project be maintained and that all reporting, monitoring, training and capacity development
provided to the IE of the parent project be applied to those of the AF for activities to be undertaken
in Inhambane and Gaza provinces.
17.4. PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL FOCAL POINTS
It is further proposed that the project Steering Committee, in collaboration with the inter-
institutional coordination team, request from MITADER, the approval for an allocation of the
Provincial Environmental Officers’ time (located at the SDAE), for at least 16 hours a month, for
monitoring and supervision of activities related to the ERRP AF in the selected districts. The
Provincial Environmental Officer will be responsible for:
Providing oversight and monitoring on compliance with Mozambican environmental and
social regulations;
Providing support in the environmental screening process as well as in obtaining
environmental licenses;
Ensure that any complaints, related to environmental and social impact issues, arising from
the implementation of activities are resolved in a timely manner and properly documented;
Carry out technical site audits/monitoring and point out any non-conformity with the
implementation of environmental, health and safety requirement;
Provide monthly progress reports related to the project to MITADER.
17.5. SITE ENGINEERS /SUPERVISORS
It is also proposed that the specific project implementing institution assign a site engineer and/ or a
supervisor for each of the sub-components and specific works to the sites during preparation and
implementation of the works. The site engineer will be the first point of contact between the
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implementing institutions’ safeguard teams and the local community, the contractors and the district
authorities. The Site Engineers will be responsible for:
Be the dedicated person on site responsible for dealing with issues that require immediate
attention;
Will be responsible for environmental and social compliance and monitoring of contractors
and training will be provided to such person;
Will liaise with SDAE/ SDPI on a regular basis to ensure compliance with environmental
and social regulations;
Will provide monthly reports to safeguard teams.
17.6. TRAINING AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT REQUIRED
It is recommended that the training and capacity development needs be identified for each of the
targeted areas, and that these are integrated into the training program and/ or a Capacity
Development Plan developed for each of the implementing institutions in the parent ERRP. A
section should be defined for each province and districts covered. General training requirements
and capacity development should be placed on a dedicated section. The training program should be
designed in such a manner that it improves the effectiveness of the capacity of the local authorities
in the management of environmental and social impacts during the planning, implementation and
operation phases of the project in the selected districts. As per the ESMF elaborated for the parent
ERRP, training program should be designed taking into account the following:
Technical analysis of the screening and scoping processes of projects being proposed to
take place in the districts and facilitate decision making regarding their environmental
sustainability;
Technical analysis of the environmental impact assessment reports prepared by consultants;
Technical capacity for monitoring the implementation of the environmental management
plans as well as environmental audits;
Awareness raising of the participants on the relevance and the need for environmental
management in the planning, implementation and operation of development projects;
In-depth training in linkages between environmental, social and natural resource
management and sustainable rural livelihoods, EIA procedures, legislation, use of this
ESMF, potential impacts, land acquisition and community involvement.
The staff trained at provincial/district levels should comprise all the key sectors including
infrastructures and building, water and sanitation, agriculture, health, energy, education and
environment. And lastly, exchange visits and joint monitoring visits amongst officers from the
project areas should be encouraged, particularly where there is evidence of good practices and
success stories and where there are financial constraints for undertaken some of the recommended
trainings.
18. PROPOSED BUDGET FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ESMF
The tables below provide an estimated budget for the preparation of the ESIAs and respective
ESMPs, as well as monitoring, evaluation, auditing and training/capacity building that will be
required specifically to be addressed by the environment and social management units responsible
for the Environmental and Social Safeguards for activities under Additional Financing. The budget
has been broken down into different components and the total amounts correspond to the level of
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effort required to plan, implement and monitor the environmental and social safeguards, taking into
consideration the severity of the potential impacts associated to each project.
Table 1: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of ESMF – Macarretane Barrage
Item Amount in (000 USD)
Implementation of the ESMF
Initiation of Project Implementation 30.00
Contracting of Service Providers and Mobilization 60.00
General Technical Assistance 50.00
Specific Technical Assistance 70.00
Monitoring 80.00
Inspection 70.00
Annual Review 30.00
Regular Audits 40.00
Training and Capacity Building
Recruitment of EO 90.00
Specialized Trainings for EO 15.00
Health, Safety and Security in the Workplace
Health, Safety and Security in the Workplace 50.00
Hygiene and Sanitation 60.00
HIV/AIDS 50.00
First Aid 25.00
Preparation and Implementation of ESIAs and ESMPs
Preparation and Implementation of ESIAs and ESMPs 90.00
Total 865.00
The total cost for the preparation and implementation of the ESMF as well as the ESIA/ ESMP for
the Macarretane Barrage rehabilitation is of USD 865.000.00
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Table 2: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of the ESMF – Water and Sanitation
Infrastructures (rehabilitation and expansion of small water supply systems)
Item Amount in (000 USD)
Implementation of the ESMF
Initiation of Project Implementation 15.00
Contracting of Service Providers and Mobilization 25.00
Assistance for the identification, preparation and monitoring of
sub-projects 40.00
General Technical Assistance 50.00
Specific Technical Assistance 25.00
Monitoring 50.00
Inspection 20.00
Annual Review 20.00
Regular Audits 40.00
Training and Capacity Building
Recruitment of EO 90.00
Specialized Trainings for EO 35.00
Health, Safety and Security in the Workplace
Health, Safety and Security in the Workplace 45.00
Hygiene and Sanitation 50.00
HIV/AIDS 50.00
First Aid 25.00
Preparation and Implementation of ESIAs and ESMPs
Preparation and Implementation of ESIAs and ESMPs 80.00
Total 680.000.00
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The total cost for the preparation and implementation of the ESMF as well as the ESIA/ ESMP for
the rehabilitation and expansion of water supply and sanitation systems is of USD 680,000.00.
Table 3: Estimated Budget for the Implementation of the ESMF – Water Desalination Plants and
Water Dispensers for Livestock
Item Amount in (000 USD)
Implementation of the ESMF
Initiation of Project Implementation 10.00
Contracting of Service Providers and Mobilization 25.00
Assistance for the identification, preparation and monitoring of
sub-projects 40.00
General Technical Assistance 50.00
Specific Technical Assistance 20.00
Monitoring 20.00
Inspection 20.00
Annual Review 20.00
Regular Audits 40.00
Training and Capacity Building
Recruitment of EO 90.00
Specialized Trainings for EO 15.00
Health, Safety and Security in the Workplace
Health, Safety and Security in the Workplace 35.00
Hygiene and Sanitation 40.00
HIV/AIDS 30.00
First Aid 15.00
Preparation and Implementation of ESIAs and ESMPs
Preparation and Implementation of ESIAs and ESMPs 60.00
Total 530.00
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The total cost for the preparation and implementation of the ESMF as well as the ESIA/ ESMP for
the installation of water desalination plants and water dispensers for livestock is of USD 530.00.
During the implementation of the ERRP it is proposed that DNGRH manages the proposed funds
and play a coordination role with regards to environmental management. While the World Bank
may provide funding for environmental management for the ERRP, it’s fundamentally important
for the different institutions covered by the ERRP integrate environmental management as part of
their sustainability plan to ensure continual improvement of sectors’ environmental management.
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The Unity and Diversity of Life, seventh ed.p 279.
The ENVIROPEDIA “Be he Change” edition 2006-2008.
UNICEF. (2016). Mozambique: Drought Humanitarian Situation Report
WHO. (2007). Desalination for Safe Water Supply: Guidance for the Health
and Environmental Aspects Applicable to Desalination
WHO. (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality - 4th ed.
131
Table 5: Triggered Safeguards
Safeguard Policies Triggered? Explanation
132
Environmental Assessment
OP/BP 4.01
Yes The Emergency Resilient Recovery Project will
trigger this policy due to the involvement of civil
works (rehabilitations, construction works) of
public infrastructure in flood-affected areas. Civil
works will possibly generate negative
externalities such as: soil erosion and siltation,
loss of trees, pollution to surface and ground
water resources, soil erosion, dust emissions,
solid and wastes.
The scope of specific Project activities will need
to be more detailed. An ESMF will be prepared
which will provide the criteria and procedures for
screening sub-project investments and guide the
preparation of site-specific environmental and
social management plans. The ESMF will also
assess the institutional capacity of the
implementing agencies, including the already
created IEs and provide measures for capacity
building along with an estimate of the budget
needed for the implementation of the ESMF. The
ESMF will also provide a list of activities that
could be financed by the Project and screen out
activities that correspond to Category A projects.
The justification for classification of category B is
that most of the Project will focus on medium size
rehabilitation and re-construction projects for
dikes, irrigation schemes, and fixing and
upgrading an intake drinking water supply
system. The anticipated scale of potential adverse
environmental or social impacts on human
populations is site-specific, few if any of them are
irreversible and in most cases, mitigation
measures could be designed to address the
impacts. An ESMP and abbreviated RAP for sub-
projects can be used to address the impacts.
133
Natural Habitats OP/BP
4.04
Yes The Project will trigger this policy due to the
sensitivity of riverbanks where civil works
associated to rehabilitation of Macarretane
Barrage will take place. Vegetation may also
affect the sensitive natural ecosystem of the
river.
Poor deposit of brine from water desalination
plants may also affect natural habitats.
Forests OP/BP 4.36 No The Project will not interfere with natural forest.
Pest Management OP 4.09 No The Additional Financing will not support
activities that promote use of pesticides.
Physical Cultural
Resources OP/BP 4.11
Yes The policy is triggered due to civil works that are
expected to be supported by the Project. The
Project is not expected to affect areas of known
physical cultural importance.
Indigenous Peoples OP/BP
4.10
No There are no Indigenous Peoples in the Project
area.
Involuntary Resettlement
OP/BP 4.12
Yes The nature of Project activities may involve
temporary displacement and therefore OP 4.12 is
triggered. Such activities involve low to medium
civil works related with installation of water
supply systems and desalinization plants that may
require land for temporary or permanent usage.
The land acquired for this purpose may lead to
loss of asset, sources of income or means of
livelihoods for some poor households. To ensure
proper mitigation measures are set forth, the
Borrower will prepare a Resettlement Policy
Framework (RPF) to guide the preparation of site
specific Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) once
such details are known. RPF will provide a
framework for management of all potential
negative social impacts, but also streamlining the
positive impacts, as well as mainstreaming any
potential resettlement considerations during the
project implementation. The RPF will be
consulted and disclosed publicly both in-country
and at the bank Infoshop upon project’s
effectiveness
134
Safety of Dams OP/BP
4.37
Yes Proposed project activities will involve
rehabilitation of Macarretane Barrage, which is an
important water control structure for irrigation,
drought mitigation, as well as road and railway
bridge. Rehabilitation works will include
maintenance of foundation, improve stability of
the structure downstream terrace and fix the
hydraulic and geomorphological dynamics
downstream of the barrage. Macarretane barrage
does not meet the OP 4.37 definition threshold for
large dams.
Projects on International
Waterways OP/BP 7.50
Yes The project will finance rehabilitation activities
within an International river basin, Limpopo
River, but is not expected to engage in large-scale
rehabilitation activities or other activities that
would adversely affect the quality or quantity of
water flow within shared waterways.
Notwithstanding, OP 7.50 on International
Waterways is triggered and an exemption for
riparian notification has been granted.
Projects in Disputed Areas
OP/BP 7.60
No The Project is not being implemented in disputed
areas.
135
ANNEX 2: PUBLIC CONSULTATION MINUTES
Draft Minutes for Chicualacuala Public Meeting
Emergency Resilient Recovery Project (ERRP) – Additional Funding
Preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Public Consultation Meeting held in Chicualacuala
Date: 8/05/2017
Number of Participants: 51
Projects considered at Chicualacuala Public Meeting: Macarretane Barrage Rehabilitation and
Water Supply Project to Chicualacuala headquarters (Eduardo Mondlane Village)
Introduction
Chicualacuala headquarter, also known as Eduardo Mondlane village is located in the northern part
of Gaza province, near the border with Zimbabwe. It currently has an estimated population of
19,338 inhabitants. This is one of the drought affected districts registered in 2014 and 2015,
affecting significantly cattle, agriculture and the human being. The drama of water supply is among
the greatest of the current challenges that the village faces. The team of consultants for the
preparation of the ESMF and RPF went to Chicualacuala on Sunday, May 7th
, 2017 to organize the
public consultation meeting to be held on the following day, May 8, 2017. The consultants met in
the very same Sunday the head of District Services for Infrastructure Planning (SDPI), Mr. Gilberto
Balate and Water technician in Chicualacuala district (Mr. Pedro Cumbane) and both with
consultants visited the existing three water supply systems for Eduardo Mondlane village to found
out the following:
▪ The existence of three public water system, currently under private management. These
water systems consist of boreholes averaging 100 meters deep, from which water is
extracted and distributed.
▪ The first water system we visited is located in Bairro C and was constructed with public
funds in 2012. This system is currently managed by Mr. André Masuassa. For operation,
this system relies on the electricity supply and it has only a unique water distribution point
for both vehicles and individuals. It starts the water distribution very early, at 2h00 AM and
closes at 5h00 PM. The water tariff charged is 2.50 MZN for 20 l. The salinity level in this
borehole is at 1500 mS/m (within accepted parameters for human water consumption). The
major constraint is related with frequent restriction on electricity supply and lacking
financial capacity by operator to invest on the water supply network establishment.
136
▪ The second water system we visited was also constructed with public funds in 1994. It is
located in Bairro E under the management of Mr. José Muiambo. The system is operated
through a diesel generator and it is considered the most reliable water system of Eduardo
Mondlane village due to the fact that it is not affected by electricity restrictions as it uses
diesel and it has the biggest water supply capacity. The system has two water distribution
points one for vehicles and the other for individuals. The salinity level of this borehole is
1250 mS/m (also within the acceptable salinization parameters). This borehole is located
approximately 5 km away from the center of the village and therefore is not covered by the
electricity supply network. The water tariff in use is similar to the one described above (that
is MZN 2.50 for 20-30 l) and water distribution starts at 6h00 AM and closes at 5h00 PM.
▪ The third and last borehole visited is located in Bairro Novo. It was also built with public
funds in 1994. The manager of this water system is Mr. Abel Machava. This system is
powered by electricity and it has also two water distribution points, one for both vehicles
and individuals and another only for individuals. The salinity levels are at 2500 mS/m,
within acceptable salinization parameters. It opens to the public at 6h00 AM and closes at
5h00 PM, and charges the same water tariff as the two boreholes described above. The
water from this borehole is the most unwanted due to the high levels of salinities.
These are the three existing systems in the village. It was conversely mentioned that during the
colonial period the village sourced drinking water from Mueneze river which is located 37 km. The
Mueneze’s system was abandoned and its reutilization will require a deep rehabilitation or even a
new reconstruction, given the time in which it became inoperative.
Public Consultation Meeting
The public consultation meeting in Chicualacuala was held in 8th
May 2017, at Chicualacuala Motel
and among the participants there were Government representatives at the highest level. As a matter
of fact, the meeting was shared by the District Permanent Secretary, Mr. Ernesto Macamo, who
addressed the participants in an opening unceremonious speech as follow:
▪ He saluted participants for their attendance and interest on the Projects pertaining water
supply to Eduardo Mondlane Village and Macarretane Barrage Rehabilitation as well as
their concern on associated environmental and social impacts to these projects.
▪ He apologized to the participants for the delay in starting the meeting, explaining that it was
because of other Government’s compelling agendas.
▪ He mentioned that the issue of water supply to Eduardo Mondlane village was of extreme
importance as whenever the District Advisory Council meet, the issue of water supply is one
of the points of agenda.
▪ Finally, before officially opening the meeting, the Permanent Secretary highlighted the
importance of the two Projects (Water Supply and Macarretane Barrage) to the people of
Chicualacuala. Encouraged participants to use their own local language or Portuguese to
express themselves with regard to the environmental and social impacts associated with the
two projects.
137
The consultant, Mr. Eduardo Macuácua, then presented the context in which the water supply
projects, including the desalination component and the rehabilitation of the Macarretane Barrage,
are developed, with a focus on the positive and negative impacts, with particular emphasis on
environmental and social impacts. Mr. Macuácua also clarified that the purpose of the public
consultation meeting was the stakeholder engagement so as to share general information about these
projects on objectives and possible associated impacts and to gather input from participants to
enrich the ESMF and RPF under preparation. Detailed presentation and the participants list are
presented in Appendixes.
138
Participants’ contributions are recorded in the table below:
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
1 Élio Moisés –
Water Technitian
- He mentioned that the existing three water supply systems in the village are based on the
borehole, with 100 meters deep. The water from the three boreholes is brackish.
- Hence, he suggested the rehabilitation of the old water supply system which used to
source water from Mueneze river at 37 km away from the village.
- He added that although Mueneze is a periodic river, the old system used some boreholes
opened in the Mueneze’s riverbank which assured water supply during the drought
seasons.
The supply of clear water
(from Mueneze source)
will increase coverage
(positive impact)
139
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
2 Eliseu Maluleque
– Education
Sector
- He mentioned that the reliance on borehole for water supply, as it is currently at Eduardo
Mondlane Village, is not a viable solution.
- Currently people come together in just one point to fetch water. He added that a water tap
at home appear to be an ideal solution.
- He reasoned that as far as the projects’ impacts are concerned, one should be warned
against the possibility of Mueneze water tanks’ poisoning by the Portuguese regime when
they were chased away from Mozambique. If there is some venomous in the Mueneze
water tanks, its reutilization become a risk. Poison may last forever, he concluded.
- He called attention to the fact that the rehabilitation of Mueneze water system would
imply economic displacement of the three private operators of existing public borehole. He
suggested the three private operators could be assisted to develop other different projects.
- Referring to the Macarretane Barrage rehabilitation the participant said could not see
major negative impacts since the intervention in the dam is not meant to increase the Dam
capacity to store water.
- He mentioned that the most important with Macarretane Barrage rehabilitation is to
ensure a safe bridge crossing during and after the dam rehabilitation.
The time spend by
women and children to
fetch water will reduce
and will be used
productively (positive
impact)
There is a possibility of
poisoning of water tanks
left by Portuguese
(negative impact)
Mueneze based water
system concretization
would be associated with
economic displacement
of the three families
currently managing the
water systems. (negative
impact)
Macarretane Barrage
rehabilitation is
associated with economic
gains associated with
safely movement of
people and goods.
(positive impacts)
140
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
3 Abel Machava –
Manager of water
supply system in
Bairro Novo
- He mentioned that the existing three water supply systems have limited capacity to cover
the water needs of the growing population of Eduardo Mondlane village.
- He also said that the water deficit is exacerbated by salinity levels. Clarifying, he said
that the submerged water pumps would break easily due to the salinity content (it is rare to
end up a year with the same operational water pump).
- He reasoned that despite being one of the water operators in the village has no doubt that
the solution for clear water supply to the village depends on water sourced from Mueneze
river, as previously suggested.
New water supply
system to meet growing
water demand (positive
impact)
New water supply
system to address the
high level of water
brackish and hence
improvement on public
health (positive impact).
141
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
4 Mussa Mbedzane
– Community
Leader
- He ascertained that the water currently available at Eduardo Mondlane is brackish to
such an extent that the water transportation means (wheelbarrows and vehicles) suffer salt
corrosion and salted water is not suitable for watering the plants and the gardens.
- Finally recommended the recruitment of skilled managers to lead the construction of the
water supply system for Eduardo Mondlane Village.
Clean water supply is
beneficial for planting of
the lawn, watering plants
and avoid corrosion by
the salt of the
transportation
equipment’s (positive
impact)
142
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
5 Mercia – Member
in the District
Consultative
Council (DCC)
- She suggested that the proposed Mueneze water supply system should operate
concurrently with the existing borehole based water supply systems. She argued that
eventually there will be people who will not afford piped water supply. As an example she
explained that when electricity was supplied for the first time in Chicualacuala some
people with no capacity to pay continued to rely on alternative source of power (ex.
paraffin).
- She stressed the importance of Macarretane Barrage rehabilitation given its role to
irrigate the agriculture camps in Chókwè as well as being an important infra-structure for
Limpopo corridor (railway and street passing over the dam and connecting the north of
Gaza and the neighboring countries of Zimbabwe and South Africa.
Water tariff may become
an impediment for water
access by low income
people (Negative
Impact)
The rehabilitation of the
Macarretane Barrage will
boost economic role of
Macaretane Barrage
(positive Impact).
143
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
6 Daniel Muchuane
– Member at
District
Consultative
Council (DCC)
- Explained that the water sourced from Mueneze river is better as compared to the water
from boreholes.
- He added that the Portuguese colonial government had never poisoned the Mueneze
water tanks. He recalled that the harm that the village endured was related to the bombing
by Ian Smith regime right from Zimbabwe as retaliation of Frelimo’s support to
Zimbabwean liberation movement.
- He added that CFM’s water tanks that are part of Mueneze water supply system seemed
to be limited in terms of capacity to cover the population of Eduardo Mondlane village that
has grown exponentially.
- Pointed out to the positive contribution of water supply on the cattle raising and pointed
out a specific example who witnessed the improvement of his livestock’s simple by ever-
changing cattle from a drought areas closer to a water borehole.
- Access to clean water in adequate quantities was said to be critical for an increased
agricultural activities and chicken raising. Currently, it is challenging to raise chicken due
to the restriction in water supply whenever the electricity supply fails. Without water
supply chicken die.
- One of the clean water supply advantages is associated with the possibility of local
communities to develop small watered agricultural camps as currently it is impossible due
to the brackish water from the existing boreholes.
- He found the current water tariff very expensive partially due to the cost of electricity,
diesel and other components involved in borehole based water systems. He added that one
of the villages in the vicinities has witnessed a water piped system charging a monthly
water tariffs not more than 200.00 MZN.
Improved water supply
will have positive
impacts on livestock and
chicken raising and
horticulture production
(positive impact).
In general, piped water
tariff is likely to be
cheaper than the
borehole water cost.
The construction of
water supply system may
be associated with noise
144
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
7 Salomone
Maibasse – Head
of the Locality
- He stressed that if Eduardo Mondlane village get support to restore the Mueneze water
supply system the problem of water scarcity and water quality could be overcome.
- He recalled that the Government is planning the construction of Mapai dam. If this plan
becomes effective, then the availability of water in Mueneze river becomes unlimited.
- Finally, recalled that this is not the first time that stakeholders are summoned in a
meeting to discuss a specific project that never become accomplished. Asked if this was a
similar case.
The new water system
stands to improve water
supply and water quality
(positive impact)
The construction of
water supply system
linked to the Mueneze
river may contribute to
the feasibility of the
future Mapai dam
(positive impact)
145
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
8 Isabel Cumbane –
Pastor at United
Methodist Church
- She mentioned that the Mueneze water supply system is better as resident will connect
into their homes.
- She informed that the United Methodist Church has opened a borehole in Bairro C and
the final objective is to supply piped water to the willing residences. Explained that the
quality of the water found is better, in terms of level of salinity as compared to currently
supplied water.
- Currently they are liaising with Chókwè to get the required electrical power to operate
the new privately funded water system.
The construction of a
water supply system
based on the Mueneze
river can make public
and private investments
in water holes redundant
(negative impact)
146
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
9 Amade Mathe –
District Health
Director
- Referring to the impacts he said that there are frequent cases of diarrhea that are
associated with the water quality currently consumed. The local hospital receives 4 to 5
cases of cholera per day that become difficult to treat, as patients return to drinking the
same unsafe water.
On the other hand, he added, there are patients who should not consume salt. But they are
forced to drink salinized water which complicates their health status.
-The Director of Health stressed the importance of water desalinization process as a
necessary measure to supply clean water to the people.
Clean water supply will
contribute to improved
life quality and public
health and patients’
health status is doomed
to improve (positive
impact)
147
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
10 Daniel Chaúque –
member at DCC
- He explained that Mueneze is in the Government plans as the most reliable and safe
water source for Eduardo Mondlane village.
-With regard to the resettlement aspects he said that there are no many people who stand to
be affected resettled as a result of Mueneze water supply development.
- He ensured the existence of sufficient and adequate sites to locate their operations site.
- On noise pollution and dust collection during construction he said to be a difficult subject
but the issue of setting deadlines can help deal with this problem.
- On possibility of spreading STD/HIV the participant said that it is difficult to isolate
men from women. The most important thing is to sensitize the peers to have a safe sex,
through the use of means of prevention.
- In addition to the existing tanks in the village, he mentioned the existence of a tank in
Mueneze river, next to the water source.
- He said that the water from the holes currently available does not cover all residents'
needs. In addition to human consumption, water boreholes should be drilled in the grazing
areas for watering livestock as well as for agricultural activity.
"He said Chicualacuala needs water bore holes for livestock drinking.
There will be minor
displacements associated
to the Water Supply
project (negative
impact).
There is a risk of
contamination by HIV
and other STD associated
with unsafe sexy
(negative impact).
Increased water supply
for both people and
animals (positive impact)
148
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
11 Armando
Chiziane – From
Escola Thlatha
School which is
17 km away from
Eduardo
Mondlane
- Recommended that the contractor of the water supply project to Eduardo Mondlane
village should bring only the technicians because the helpers should be recruited locally.
The water project may
bring job generation to
local people (positive
impact)
12 Simeão Chaúque
– Pastor of 7th
Day Adventist
Church
With regard to the social impacts he recommended the primacy of bringing on board two
qualities in the selection of resettlement managers, namely: (i) Competence and (ii) Trust.
149
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
13 Isabel Macuácua
– Head of the
Administrative
Post at Eduardo
Mondlane Village
- She praised the fact that the Consultant has visited the three existing water supply
systems in Eduardo Mondlane village. She recommended that before returning to the
destination, the consultant should visit as well Mueneze water sourcing point to evaluate
and witness what is being said about this source.
- She stressed the limited environmental and social impacts associated with Mueneze
water supply development. There are just small fields and vegetation in some stretches.
- As for the water storage capacity for distribution, he said an additional tank would be
needed as the population has grown a lot. The total population is 19,330 inhabitants.
Water supply project
would affect private and
public assets. These
include crops, trees, road
and railway crossing.
150
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
14 Abel Machava –
Water Supply in
Novo Bairro
Manager
- He asked the Government whether the tanks belonging to the CFM would be available
for water storage and distribution to the population. In his point of view, the Government
has full power to take the decision given that the CFMs are ultimately under the command
of the government of the day.
- He also said that the launching of pipelines and distribution network could have an
impact on the asphalted roads within the village since no crossing channels were left. It
will be necessary to cut the build and rebuild again and not leave like this.
The paved roads in
Eduardo Mondlane
village may suffer during
the water pipe
installation (negative
impact)
151
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
15 Ernesto Macamo
– District
Permanent
Secretary
- Confirmed that the solution for the water supply to Eduardo Mondlane village will come
from Mueneze.
- Answering if the Government had command over the tanks belonging the CFMs and if
these would be the solution explained that it will depend on the engineering water system
designs. Given the population growth and detachment of the neighbourhoods, the engineer
may determine a larger capacity tanks than the existing ones and also much elevated water
tanks, making the existing tanks of the CFMs out of the question. A new system was
necessary to build on the example and the tanks were designed at a height of 30 meters
with an initial cost of MZM 72 million (having risen slightly because some materials such
as pipes were vandalized during the time the project was Of interregnum).
Mueneze water supply
system is aligned with
the Government plans.
152
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
16 Eduardo
Macuácua,
Consultant
- Mr. Macuácua thanked the participants for their rich participation, having clarified that
this project is more likely to take place. This is a Government initiative supported by the
World Bank to support resilient water supply infrastructures in areas affected by climate
change. With regard to Chicualacuala, the severe droughts registered in 2014 and 2015 led
to water shortages. The production of the ESMF and RPF is an important step in making
the decision to finalize through an additional fund to the ERRP.
- Concerning the request made to the consultant to pay a visit to Mueneze river, it was
clarified that it would not be possible, since after the meeting of 8/5/2017 there were other
two meetings on 10/05/2017 in Chókwè and 12/05/2017 in Funhalouro where the
consultant should prepare and participate. However, he explained that the visit to Mueneze
will be made before the water system setup more possible by the designing engineer. They
will have to study the different alternatives, balance the costs and recommend the solutions
for water supply in Eduardo Mondlane village.
- Regarding the watering of cattle, Mr. Macuácua explained that if the pasture zone is via
Mueneze, conditions could be created for the placement of cattle ranches. Naturally, this
water would have to be paid, because even on raw water there are entitled tariffs charged
and confirmed by the representative of ARA-SUL who mentioned the existence of a new
decree that regulates the gross water tariffs.
- Mr. Macuácua asked the participants to speak if they still had pertinent questions on the
subject matter. One of the participants (who did not identify himself) said he would have
said that the local population has no problem paying fees for services’ use. Nowadays they
pay water for consumption, they pay for the recharges of their cell phones, they pay for the
electricity which are services that did not exist before. Thus, he concluded by saying that
they will pay for water for human consumption and for their animals.
- Finally he said that the final report of these consultations meetings will be shared with
153
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and
social impacts
17 Ernesto Macamo
– District
Permanent
Secretary
He thanked the very enlightening contributions on the anxieties and impacts of the
submitted projects, and appealed the participants to be always part of the development
process of the District.
Finally, the Public Consultation meeting for the preparation of the ESMF and RPF and
PAP though an additional funds and covering the Provinces of Gaza and Inhambane. Then
he closed the session.
154
Draft Minutes for Chókwè Public Meeting
Emergency Resilient Recovery Project (ERRP) – Additional Financing
Preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Public Consultation Meeting held in Chókwè
Date: 10/05/2017
Number of Participants: 17
Projects considered at Chókwè Public Meeting: Macarretane Barrage Rehabilitation and
Water Supply Projects to Massingir (Zulo) and Chigubo (Ndindiza)
Introduction
The administrative posts of Zulo and Ndindiza are located respectively in Massingir and
Chigubo Districts, in the northern part of Gaza province. The two administrative Posts
will be covered with desalinization projects as the water currently supplied to the local
population is brackish. While affected population in Zulo (Mukatine) is estimated at
1,704 inhabitants as per the INE data.
The consultants visited Massingir District on Saturday (6/05/2017) and met the ARA-
Sul staff responsible for the construction of Massingir water supply system which is
part of Massingir dam rehabilitation. The consultant visited Massingir Water System
which is 90% completed and will be handled to the private management. Massingir
headquarter new water supply system sources water from Massingir Dam and it has
capacity to supply water to 36,000 inhabitants.
In addition, the consultants met the District Administrator (Mr. Sérgio Sional Moiane),
The Water Technician in Massingir (Mr. Arsenio Ubisse) and the Locality Head of
Mucatine in Zulo Administrative Post (Mr. Nelson Zitha). The consultants visited Zulo
(Mucatine) which is 65 km away from the Massingir District centre, then visited four
water supply systems in Mucatine and met the representative of Mucatine local Leader,
Mr. Albino Mbombi, as the leader has been away.
In Mucatine/Zulo we confirmed the following aspects:
▪ There are a total of four water supply systems of which only three are borehole
based water systems opened in 1994. The fourth water supply system is from
Limpopo river since 2005, though electrical pumping which is 2-3 km away
from Mucatine village center.
155
▪ Out of three boreholes only two are operational as one is damaged since 2016.
An initial assessment found that the nonoperation of this water supply system is
due to the broken rods.
▪ The water from the three boreholes is brackish to the extent that the levels of
salinity are extremely high reaching 780 to 3,600. All of the three boreholes use
manual pumping.
▪ As a matter of fact, the water from the existing boreholes is useless (is only
used for animal drinking) and people drinks water directly from Limpopo river
or from the systems built by Auxilio Mundial which is sourcing water from
Limpopo river, though an electrical pumping.
▪ The water tariff for water pumped from Limpopo river is 2.00 MZN for 20l.
Those who cannot afford the price, they fetch water directly from Limpopo
river and from existing traditional wells.
▪ There is a big line for accessing clean water brought from Limpopo river to the
center of the village. The operation time of the water system is 9h00 to 12h00
and from 13h00-17h00.
The water situation in Ndindiza is also critical as there is no river passing by. Through
AIAS investment, Ndindiza headquarter benefited from the construction of a new water
system based on excavated water reservoir and pipes designed to channel the rain water
from the water reservoir to the constructed water tanks. The big challenge now is the
lacking of rains and there is no water in the reservoir to feed the constructed water
system.
Alternatives water sources in Ndindiza include traditional wells and boreholes some of
which suffer from the high level of salinity and others are highly contaminated with
Nitrato as they are water pumps with no more than 15 m deep. This is the case of
Chelefo borehole that the consultants visited on Sunday (7/05/2015), which is 7 km
away from Ndindiza headquarter. It is located in the lowland and currently is not
accessible as it is submerged.
The government, through INGC, opened boreholes in Ndindiza to supply water to local
communities. These boreholes suffer from brackish with the level of salinity of 2,500.
The consultants visited also Macarretane barrage on Sunday 7/05/2015 and 11/05/2017
to get an overview of the planned rehabilitation of the downstream concrete platform
(Terraço à jusante). From the visit we witnessed the following:
156
- High level of erosions putting at risk the pillar of the dam;
- Law level of agriculture activities near the dam;
- Existence of fishing activities upstream and downstream the dam
- There is small vegetation in the riverbank;
- There is a regular movement of people and goods by train, vehicles and
individuals.
Public Consultation Meeting
The public consultation meeting in Chókwè was held in 10th
May 2017, at Sonho Real
Resort and among the participants there were the representatives of Ara-Sul. The
meeting was opened by Mr. Edgar Chongo, Director for Management Unit of Limpopo
Basin based in Chókwè, in the following manner:
▪ He greeted the participants and stressed that although many of the invitees had
not come, the meeting should start at 10h00 AM as planned.
▪ He stressed the importance of the rehabilitation of Macarretane barrage pointing
out that the dam had been rehabilitated but due to the shortage of funds the
downstream concrete platform was not covered by the rehabilitation.
▪ He added that the floods that hit Mozambique, particularly Gaza province in
2015 and 2016 have created erosion problems affecting the current structure of
the dam.
▪ He explained that through the Emergency Resilient Recovery Project (ERRP),
under extra funds, the Government of Mozambique, with financial support of the
World Bank, is planning to rehabilitate the Macarretane weir as a measure to
protect the dam pillars from erosion.
▪ In addition, he mentioned the importance of water supply projects in Zulo and
Ndindiza for the life of the local populations.
▪ Finally, before opening the session called the participants to help with
identification of environmental and social associated impacts to Macarretane
barrage rehabilitation and water supply systems.
Mr. Eduardo Macuácua took the floor to share the general context under which the
water supply projects of Zulo and Ndindiza are planned, including the desalination
component and the rehabilitation of the Macarretane barrage. Mr. Macuácua
emphasized that the purpose of the public consultation meeting was to bring on board
the key stakeholders and share general information about these projects on objectives
157
and possibly associated impacts and to gather input from participants to improve the
ESMF and RPF under preparation. Detailed presentation and the participants list are
presented in Annexes.
Participants’ contributions are recorded in the table below:
158
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
159
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
1 Januário de Sousa
– UDEBA
- Stressed that this is an opportunity to advance some guiding strategies as the
climate change has become a reality and we are filling its impacts. He opined
that in Mozambique we have focused on boreholes to supply water to
communities. These are not indeed sustainable solutions. We need to bring water
from Elephant river and supply clean water to these communities, he added.
- He recalled to have participated in a different forum where it was clearly stated
that Macarretane barrage had no flood prevention role as it is mentioned in the
presentation. If there are floods, then Macarretane water gateways will have to
be opened otherwise the floods will overturn the dam and overflow the areas in
the downstream.
- It was mention during the presentation that Mozambique is endowed with
fauna and natural resources. He questioned if Mozambique is still well-off in
natural resources. As much as we know, he added, our resources have been
devastated and miss managed. We have no rhino and the population of elephants
and even the small animals have reduced significantly, he concluded.
160
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
2 Ivan Cuna – from
Management Unit
of Limpopo Basin
- He saluted the desalinization process; however he pointed out the cost involved
as compared to a system that uses water from the river. As a matter of fact, it
will require power supply and may entail other processes that are expensive.
- The desalinization process may trigger another economic problem whereby
local communities are averted from accessing clean water as result of a high
water tariff associated with desalinization process. The bigger the desalinization
plant is, the higher the water tariff will be, he added. Thus, he suggested the
adoption of water supply system based on water river sources.
- With regard to Macarretane barrage, he recalled the success achieved during
the first rehabilitation of the dam in terms of water pollution and quality of air
control. It was a big success and the accumulated experience should be used for
the next phase.
- He argued that since the planned rehabilitation of Macarretane barrage entails
the main course of the river, there are no impacts on agricultural activities.
- He added that the consultant spoke on erosion as one of the potential impacts
of Macarretane barrage rehabilitation. For his understanding, the second phase
rehabilitation of the barrage have exactly to curtail the erosion created by the
recurrent floods. He suggested to remove the erosion from the list of potential
impacts.
The barrage rehabilitation is
associated with dusts which may
change the quality of air (Negative
Impact)
Water pollution due to the
oils/lubricants overflow from the
equipment’s used in the work is a
possibility (Negative Impact)
The agriculture activity will not be
directly affected by the rehabilitation
works of the dam (Positive aspect)
The rehabilitation is intended to
resolve erosion problem (Positive
impact), hence there are no erosion
associated with the dam rehabilitation
161
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
3 Humberto
Domingos Cossa
– from the
Provincial
Directorate of
Water Resources
Management in
Gaza
- He opined that it is possible to open positive boreholes in Zulo and Ndindiza.
For that it is necessary boreholes that reach 150 m deep. At this depth it is
possible to get and supply clean water to local communities.
- With regard to the desalinization process he referred that there is a
desalinization system at Maniquinique, in Chibuto powered by solar panel.
However, it does not work properly.
- There are also problems of drainage where the borehole exists. The
concentration of water resulting from poor sewerage system create problem of
mosquitoes reproduction and malaria.
Desalinization technology may fail as
it did not work in Maniquinique,
Chibuto district (negative aspect)
There are sewage and accumulation
of residual waters that trigger health
problems
162
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
4 Eurico Macuácua
– from AIAS
- He noted that in many parts there are no rivers. Hence the priority will always
be the use of alternative sources, such as boreholes. This is the case of Chigubo
where there is no river passing through.
- The government has the responsibility to supply water to all communities.
Where there is no river, water from boreholes seems to be a viable alternative.
- He concluded by saying that while we resolve one problem, supplying water to
the communities, another problem arise: the Residual Water Management
appears as negative impacts to be addressed under the ESMF under
development.
There is a need of residual water
management associated with the
water supply to communities
163
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
5 Kalid Chivangue
– From FIPAG
- He mentioned the problem of water brackish, pointing out that many villages in
Chókwè District where FIPAG operates face this problem of high level of water
salinity.
- With regard to the desalinization process, he referred that it should be
preceded by a reflective assessment against the viability to avoid outlaying the
scarce financial resources. Desalinization as it presents, may not show viability,
he added.
164
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
6 Edgar Chongo –
Director of
Management Unit
of Limpopo
- He said to be much interested on Ndidiza (Talufo) borehole system displayed
during the presentation. How was it constructed and by the photos displayed it
appears to have a problem over the source?
- He suggested that the water supply systems need to encompass the
sustainability perspective. If the system is costly it will bring no benefits to the
communities.
- He asked what has been the level of engagement of the National Directorate of
Water Resource Management with the provincial directorate. The last, the
Provincial Directorate of Water Resource Management has a grounded
experience on water supply.
- He clarified that the Macarretane barrage, in fact, has no flood deterrence role.
It has agricultural role as was built to raise the water level for irrigation.
- He reviled that ARA-SUL has already drafted the project engineering designs
of Macarretane barrage rehabilitation and the finalization of ESMF and RPF is
critical for decision making over these projects.
Potential impacts resulting from Macarretane barrage rehabilitation
- The preparation of the required concrete will generate dust and
eventually will change the air quality in the area.
- Scenario of the borrow pits due to the need for substituting soil to the
eroded areas within the river.
- There will be no displacement as the rehabilitation will be in the river
main course (no compensation/resettlement are foreseen).
- There will be no restriction of circulation of train, cars and peoples (the
There is a possibility of creating
water system that is costly to build
and to maintain which will bring no
benefits to the local communities
(negative aspect).
There is a need to incorporate local
experiences in the water supply
projects (recommendation)
Potential impacts on Macarretane
barrage rehabilitation include:
- Dusts and air pollution
- Water contamination triggering
health problems and affecting
ecosystems,
- borrow pits
- No displacement is expected, hence
there will be no payment of
compensation or involuntary
resettlement;
- No major impact on the movement
of people and goods (train, vehicles,
will be moving unreservedly)
- restriction on the water discharges
from Macarretane barrage which may
affect economic activities
downstream along the Limpopo river;
- Downstream fishing activities
165
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
7 Mrs. Nárcia Tinga
– from AIAS
- Since the engineering designs have been made, she wanted to know whether
this document contains or not a mechanism through which the local communities
can file their complaints.
The projects should create a
communication and stakeholder
engagement strategy – Grievance
Redress Mechanism
(recommendation)
166
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
8 Eduardo
Macuácua,
Consultant
- He thanked the participants for insightful contributions in terms of positive and
negative impacts associated with the water supply projects and Macarretane
barrage rehabilitation which is there for irrigation and not for floods prevention?
- He added that has taken note on the agricultural role of Macarretane barrage.
Changes will have to be made in de documents being produced to incorporate
the comment above.
- Regarding to endowment of Mozambique in terms of fauna and natural
resources that was challenged by one of the participants, Mr. Macuácua
explained that although the population of animals have reduced, Mozambique
remain enjoying a huge potential on this domain. As a matter of fact, the
Government has been putting additional efforts to protect our fauna and natural
resources.
- Mr. Macuácua explained that the grievance redress mechanism will be
prepared as a part of specific environmental and social studies. It does not
necessarily need to be part of the project engineering designs.
- Mr. Macuácua asked ARA-Sul representatives to share their experience of the
impacts registered in the first phase of Macarretane dam rehabilitation,
particularly on issues such as health as security, employment generation, etc…
167
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
9 Edgar Chongo –
Director of
Management Unit
of Limpopo
- Concerning to the question on grievance redress mechanism, he explained that
although it is not written in the project engineering designs, it is mandatory the
existence of a closer relationship between the project proponent and the local
communities. As a matter of fact, part of material required to the dam
rehabilitation will be extracted within the communities (ex. Reposition soils).
- Regarding to job creation, what normally happens is that the Contractor brings
specialized staff and recruits locally to support staff. In general, it is cost-
effective and on the interest of any contractor to contract staff locally than
bringing it from somewhere else, he added.
- He clarified that what Ara-Sul has draftee is Macarretane dam rehabilitation
project designs.
A project communication and
stakeholder engagement strategy is
required (recommendation).
The project will generate jobs for
local communities
168
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
10 Ivan Cuna – from
Management Unit
of Limpopo Basin
- He added that there is always project concern with regard to the rise of HIV
index and work accidents. That is why in all dam rehabilitation projects there is
an induction on Health & Safety at work place with a view to minimize
accidents.
Project staff to be trained/inducted on
health & safety
169
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
11 Humberto
Domingos Cossa
– from the
Provincial
Directorate of
Water Resources
Management in
Gaza
- He explained that the Ndindiza’s water supply system was built by AIAS.
Currently it is concerned with the lack of water required to source the system. In
addition, INGC has funded the construction of borehole which is brackish.
- Regarding the borrow pits, Mr. Humberto said that some of them opened for
the road rehabilitation were isolated with a plastic membrane and serve as
rainfall reservoir.
- He shared his experience of boreholes constructed in zones known as having
high level of salinity. One of these zones is called Malawi, in Chókwè District
where boreholes have 150 m deep and salt isolation process has been
successfully achieved and the boreholes are supplying clean water to the
communities.
- For Zulo, in Massingir District, the water is highly brackish and has foam. The
Portuguese used to bring water from Limpopo river, he explained.
- He suggested that if there was financial availability, the borehole should be
opened closer to the river as the level of salinity is lower. Mr. Macuácua asked
why boreholes should be closer to the river instead pumping water directly from
the river. To this question Mr. Humberto responded it is due to the cost
associated to the water pumping. One need electricity which is 6 km away or the
use of diesel pumping equipment’s.
- Called for the need to make RFP’s specification clear with regard to the level
of salinity. There is no supervision and some contractors give misleading
information and these has been the cause of proliferation of negative boreholes.
- Some funding agencies do not accept paying for a negative borehole.
Water supply systems should be
assessed against their economic
viability.
The borrow pits to be prepared and
used as rain water reservoir.
The zulo water supply should source
water from the river.
Water supply system should be cost-
effective.
Clear borehole specification should
be part of RFP.
170
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social impacts
12 Eduardo
Macuácua,
consultant
Mr. Macuácua thanked the participants for the truthful discussions and invited
them for refreshments.
13 Edgar Chongo –
Director of
Management Unit
of Limpopo
He acknowledged the contributions and above all the exchange of experiences
on the positive and negative impacts associated with the water supply projects
and Macarretane dam rehabilitation.
- Before closing stressed that Ara-sul is committed to Macarretane barrage
rehabilitation given its economic and social importance.
171
Draft Minutes for Funhalouro Public Meeting
Emergency Resilient Recovery Project (ERRP) – Additional Financing
Preparation of the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
and Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
Public Consultation Meeting held in Funhalouro
Date: 12/05/2017
Number of Participants: 38
Projects considered at Funhalouro Public Meeting: Funhalouro Water Supply Project
Introduction
Funhalouro District is located in the northern of Inhambane province. Funhalouro
District headquarter will be covered with a water supply project and as required will
include the water desalinization component. The estimated population of Funhalouro
headquarter is 15,537 inhabitants as per INE 2007 census.
The consultants arrived in Funhalouro on 11/5/2017 and visited 10 water supply
systems and met the Head of the District Services of Infrastructure and Planning (Mr.
Alberto Tamele, working as clerk with flexible roles in Infrastructure Services and
Planning)
In addition, the consultants met Mrs Celeste Atanásio from Matlhatlhe, a NGO working
on water supply, agriculture, community radio and health sectors.
The majority of the water systems visited are privately owned. There are systems that
supply water through piped water distribution systems and others cell water in a fixed
point. The water tariff charged for a container of 20l is 2.00 MZN. The local hospital
has a borehole and supply water to own use and to some government offices and
residence.
Funhalouro District has two rainfall excavated reservoirs. Although there is water
enough thanks to the last rainfall, the oil pumping motors has damaged and the system
seemed to be abandoned.
All the existing water system based on borehole suffer from a certain level of water
salinity. In addition, there are negative boreholes and many broken water pump system.
The existing boreholes are powered by electricity and solar panels. In addition, there are
wells and manual water pumping systems in different neighborhoods.
172
There are still private entities who operates their own water supply system for own use.
An example includes electricity powered boreholes opened by the local resort known as
Complexo Zimba and the local bakery.
In general, individuals and institutions have procured traditional and/or standard water
tanks to conserve rainfall water. The rainfall water is used for drinking purpose while
water from borehole attend another human water uses.
Following the public meeting, the consultants met on 13/5/2017, Saturday, in
Inhambane city Mr. Luis Afonso Muthema, Head of Provincial Water Department and
Mr. Justino Bahare, from AIAS provincial delegation. From these two meetings
following thoughts were shared:
With regard to displacement of private operators, they confirmed that water supply is
the primary government duty. The government has passed a legislation to regulate the
private water operations and CRA is the government institutions assigned with the
responsibility to implement the legislation. Issues of water quality, water availability,
water service delivery, water supply technical aspects and tariff are encompassed in the
past regulation. This is to say that the private water operators will be brought on board,
under clean rules, as complementary water supplier.
With regarding the management of Funhalouro planned water system, the interviewed
are clear that this will have to go through a private management. However, the selection
of the private managers will be through a public tender with clear requirements that
need to be attained. Experiences exist in Inharrime, Homoine, Morrumbene, Jangamo,
where privates were selected/are being selected to manage public water systems.
With regarding their experience with displacement resulting from water projects, they
commented that compensations and resettlement is done under the rules and following
the Mozambican legislation. Past experiences show that we have attempted to avoid or
minimize displacement as a way to avoid increasing water project costs. All Districts
have an Infra-structure Plan which is followed by AIAS in water project design and
implementation and this help to avoid displacement and disputes.
With regard to water sources and desalinization process and costs they have no
experience in the Province. However, it may be a solution to Funhalouro since the
existing water is brackish. They indicated as much as they know the available water is
brackish. They know that in some zones like Mbanguine there is ground clean water.
However, they don’t know about the natural reservoir capacity and viability to supply
the village. They recommended that geophysical and economic studies be carried out
prior to decide on water sources and the technology to be followed.
Public Consultation Meeting
173
The public consultation meeting in Funhaloro took place at Complexo Zimba on 12th
May 2017 and participated District government officials among another stakeholder.
The meeting was opened by Mr. Alberto Tamele, Director for District Services of
Planning and Infrastructures:
▪ Mr. Tamele greeted the participants and alleged that some of participants of
Funhalouro Public Meeting may not recognize him because he was recently (last
week) engaged as Funhalouro Director in replacement of Mr. Watch who was
assigned to another District.
▪ He stressed the importance of the water supply system to Funhalouro as well as
the desalinization component given that all boreholes water is brackish.
▪ Finally, before opening the session called the participants to actively partake in
the identification of environmental and social impacts associated with the water
supply systems that Funhalouro will benefit from.
Mr. Eduardo Macuácua presented, then, the general context under which the water
supply project of Funhalouro is being planned, including the desalination component as
far as the water salinization is a concern. Mr. Macuácua emphasised that the purpose of
the public consultation meeting was to bring the participation and stakeholders and
share general information about the water supply projects in terms of expected
objectives and the associated with environmental and social impacts and to gather input
from participants to improve the EMPF and RPF under preparation. Detailed
presentation and the participants list are presented in Annexes.
174
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
1 Feliz Seventine
Vilanculos –
Water Manager in
Malave
- As a manager of community water system in Malave, shared his concern about
a borehole that does not pour any ping of water.
Negative water boreholes are a
possibility in Funhalouro
2 Almone
Chitlhangue –
Community
Leader at Mutchai
1
- He thanked for the inspiring presentation and wished that the public water
supply system in Funhalouro could be constructed before his death.
- He stressed that the available water in Funhalouro is brackish and hence the
desalinisation component became a critical one. People and animals alike are on
a great suffering due to severe droughts and lacking of clean water, he added.
- Apart from the salinity problem, Mr. Almone revealed that there is water
supply deficit in Funhalouro and some poor family are left without water as they
do not afford to pay 2 MZN per 20 l. He explained that in Mutchai there is one
borehole where individuals and cattle fight for drinking water.
- He noticed the existence of a negative borehole in Mutchai 1. Even though it
was charged.
The construction of water supply
system in Funhalouro shall increase
water supply coverage and lessen
the suffering for both animals and
human being (positive impact)
175
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
3 Laura Zandamela - Took the floor to complain that in Mbone, which is 7 km away from
Funhalouro village, there is no water supply coverage.
4 Julião Nducuane /
Plumber from
Mutchai
- He noticed that the selected mechanics to repair the water system when they
break down are lacking skills to offer a genuine failure diagnosis. When a water
system breaks down, they have no ability to assess the failure and could take
times to solve the problem that could be fixed in a short time period. In some
cases, apart from delaying they fail to fix the problem. That is why some water
systems have been discontinued and abandoned.
The new water supply system
should include a component of
water pump fixing where by
assigned technicians receive
training in different domain and
mechanic kits (recommendation).
5 Sabino Chivite –
1st Secretary of
Circulo for
Frelimo Party.
- He thanked for the presentation and confirmed the existence of brackish water
in Funhalouro. What matter, he added, is to put in place a desalinization process.
A new water system will bring safe
drinking water to the participants
(positive impact)
176
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
6 Rita Manuel from
Bairro Thsenane
(2-3 Km away)
- He complained that some parts of Tsenane there is water pipes but the water is
not pouring.
- She added that there is enough free land to host the contractor operations site.
Physical and economic
displacement may be negligible
(positive aspect)
7 Eduardo
Macuácua,
Consultant
- He urged the participants to be focused on the identification of positive and
negative impacts associated with a water supply project. The problems
pertaining water supply in Funhalouro are well known and that is why we are
here talking about a water supply system. He added that the public meeting is
concerned with the design of the environmental and social management
framework and resettlement policy framework which is intended to identify
environmental and social impacts related to the planned water supply project to
Funhalouro people.
177
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
8 Fernando
Nhalizinga, INGC
representative
He shared his short experience of work in Funhalouro with different
communities in the following manner:
- In many areas there is water far deep but many boreholes are not as deep
as the existing water ground potential.
- As result, many boreholes have certain levels of salinity as they bring
ground water from nearby.
- He recommended that the boreholes for the planned water supply system
have to go far deep where clean drinking water is available.
- In addition, he mentioned that the existing two rainfall reservoirs should
not be considered as alternative for the planned water supply system. As
a matter of fact, it rains during 2-3 months/year and sometimes many
years go without rainfalls.
- He saluted the fact that the water project will bring technology for
desalinization process.
- Since the district is extremely big, is the water project covering the
village only or will includes some outreach communities, he asked.
- One of the positive impacts is that water supply will trigger the territorial
planning of the neighborhoods. People are likely to come together and
live closer each other to benefit from clean water.
- The water project is likely to be associated with erosion due to
excavations if they are not properly handled.
- Environmental and social safeguards must address the existing potential
economic and physical displacement (the water pipe may affect
properties, crops and trees.
- As part of water project’s social responsibility, he recommended an
assistant to a small water system outside the village. It could be in terms
of training and kit supply.
Geotechnical studies to assess the
availability and the quality of
ground water are recommended.
Water supply will trigger District’s
territorial plans implementation.
Water supply system may be
associated with soil erosion trigged
by excavations during the water
pipe laying.
There is possibility of economic
and physical displacement, hence
the need for compensation and
resettlement.
Recommended that one or two
outreach villages be assisted in
fixing the existing broken water
systems.
178
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
9 Munga Julai –
President of
traditional
medical doctors
(currandeiros)
- He started by acknowledging the importance of a public water supply to
Funhalouro village and stressed that it is always much difficult to starts, but are
just witnessing a water supply kick-off meeting which is very important.
- He recalled with regret that when the electricity project was brought to
Funhalouro village people were mobilized to cut off their cashew nut trees to
allow the installation of electricity poles. Fruit trees were removed and
roads/corridors were opened to allow the power line construction. People get no
compensation for the affected trees and regrettably they until now no access to
electrical power. This example was shared to show that people are always
affected without compensation when there is a project. In this case what matter
is the supply of water and that should be done with a hurry up.
- He recommended that displacement over private property (houses, business
and field crops/trees) be anticipated and compensation measure planed.
Errors from the past should be
avoided (false offers and affecting
private properties with no
compensations)
179
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
10 Ivan Cuna – from
Management Unit
of Limpopo Basin
- He witnessed the existence of a lot of water in the two reservoirs that resulted
from the last rain season. However, he also understands that it cannot solve the
water challenge facing Funhalouro village.
- He said that water desalinization is welcome in Funhalouro as there is no clean
water nearby.
11 Lidia Jossias -
Peasant
- She just took the floor to stress that the lack of clean water supply has become
the biggest problem in Funhalouro. Without water they cannot irrigate their
agriculture field. Lacking of clean water supply is the source of generalized
poverty, she added.
Water supply is expected to fight
poverty as they will be able to
irrigate small horticultures.
180
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
12 Afonso Faztudo,
CARE
representative
- After thanking the floor he reasoned that there is an issue that is likely to
generate a conflict. He asked the consultant what strategies had in plan for
economic displacement associated to the fact that the public water system will
overthrow the private water systems. These privately owned water system are
there long ago and deserve our respect and support, he concluded.
- With regard to the environmental and social impacts he noted that we are all
clear that conflicts will arise with regard to economic and physical displacement
as property, threes, and crops may be affected by the water supply project. He
recommended that these impacts be listed out so as to be address properly.
Private water operators likely to be
displaced by the new water supply
project.
Conflicts are likely to arise trigged
by physical and economic
displacement.
13 Juliao Nducuane,
Plumber
- He recommended the water supply project should hire local staff as there is
high rate of unemployment.
- He corroborated that water from rainfall reservoir is only found when it rains
and hence cannot be considered as solution for sustainable water supply to the
village.
In addition to clean water supply,
job creation is a positive aspect.
181
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
14 Adriano
Raimundo
Mbanguine,
Private Water
Supply Operator
Following the request from Mr. Macuácua to have the thoughts and challenges
currently facing water operators, Mr. Mbaguine took the floor to explain that:
- The submerse water pumps frequently suffer with salt erosion and it can
get spoiled within 2-3 months of operation. The biggest problem is the
electrical wires connected to the pump that get rusty and fail to supply
the necessary power.
- With regard to desalinization process he took the water sample from his
borehole to get tested in South Africa with a view to test the level of
salinity and procured the desalinization equipment’s. The quotation he
got was extremely expensive and out of his financial capacity. In
addition, he was told that out of 100 l of water from a desalinization
process only 1 liter could be clean water and 99 liters will be regarded as
residual water and not good to supply human being. From there Mr.
Mbanguine ended his plans to desalinize water.
- He also has no doubt that the water supply operators will lose floor with
the government system and their incomes will vanish. Recommended
that the government should do an assessment of the associated impacts
over private water operators.
- He also stressed that the rainfall excavated reservoir is not a solution as it
will guarantee water supply for a short period of time.
- Mr. Mbanguiene asked who is the responsibility to manage the planned
water system. For his understanding projects fails as there is no clear
guidance of management issues. The Government at District level may
not have capacity to deal with water supply management. The example
of the rainfall reservoirs is self-illustrative. Under the government
management, it just worked for a short period of time at the beginning
and then, after getting spoiled was never fixed.
- Mr. Mbanguine suggested that the new system should bring water from
Mbanguine area where clean water is available underground. The site is
located 10 km away from the Funhalouro village and the electricity
supply line pass through Manguine. It will only require a power
transformer.
Submersed equipment’s, such as
pumps will require special address
so that the new water system does
not fail to supply water.
Salinization process may be costly
and not viable for Funhalouro.
Private water operators will be
displaced by the new water system.
The water project needs to
encompass the issues of
management of the public water
supply system.
There is a possibility of existence
of clean underground water in a
zone called Mbanguine.
182
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
15 Eduardo
Macuácua, the
consultant
Mr. Macuácua explained that supplying clean water to citizens is the
government foremost responsibility. As far as we know the water available in
Funhalouro is brackish and the supply is limited as there are neighborhoods
without a decent water supply access (as we have just listened complains from
some of the participants). The Government is called to resolve the water
problem.
- Mr. Macuácua said he was happy that we have identified the displacement of
private water operators as an important economic/social impact.
- Regarding to the management of the new water system, Mr. Macuácua
explained as a rule of thumb, the government has no interest/time to manage
water system and opting for selecting a private manager though a public tender.
Having said that, the final decision on water system management will however
be taken by the project proponent (the Government represented by AIAS).
183
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
16 Fernando
Nhalizinga, INGC
representative
- He explained that the rainfall excavated reservoirs have water now because it
has rained and no one is using the stored water. If used, it will not last even two
months.
- We should either consider three alternatives for sustainable water supply in
Funhalouro:
- to bring water from a river (it could be from a river located in Massinga
District which is 70 km away);
- Bring water from a clear borehole (water that after extraction is ready for
human consumption) – this is the case of Mbanguine which is 10 km
away and has underground clean water; and
- Brink water from a local salinized borehole to a desalinization plant.
- With regard employment creation, he said that it is logical that
supporting staff be recruited locally and specialized works come with the
contractors;
- As the project will attract people from different regions, there are risks
associated with HIV/STD index rise and hence there is a need for the
heath sector to launch a sensitization campaign.
- In addition, there will be an increased movement of people and goods in
the village. When SASOL installed the gas pipeline, far away from the
Funhalouro village, we witnessed an unusual movement of people and
cars and the police have to work hard to prevent accidents and crime.
Water source need to be assessed
with regard to the technical and
economic viability.
The water supply project will be
associated with health risks and
public disorder/crime as many
people will come to the village.
184
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
17 Alfredo Mazive,
1st District
Secretary of
Frelimo Party
- He recalled that when development projects are implemented, then we listen
many people complaining that they did not get consulted. It happened when the
rainfall reservoirs were constructed. We have to understand that with regard to
the water project the government is currently undertaking a public consultation
meeting to allow local peoples to present doubt and share their concerns. He
referred that all the participants are privileged to come and represents their
sectors/ communities and institutions and therefore we should not return home
with no doubt and misunderstanding. We have the opportunity to clearly state
what we think regarding the water project, he added.
- He praised the Public Consultation Meeting and recommended that this should
be the first of many meetings that have to be undertaken until the project
completion.
- He wished that the implementation of the project be accelerated.
- Taking the past experience from SASOL project he recalled that the project
will bring many people to the village looking for employment. The disturbance
to the existing order and proliferation of diseases is one of negative impacts that
health and police institutions need to address.
- He recommended that people losing assets due to the water project be
compensated or resettled
There is a need of additional
meetings during the water project
implementation.
There are health and criminal risks
associated with influx of people in
the village attracted by the water
project.
Assets displacement is a potential
negative risk.
185
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
18 Isabel Amandio
Matine, District
Health Director
- She recalled that this project is about supplying clean water to the local
population. As we all know drinking salinized water causes health problems one
of which is blood pressure.
- Funhalouro faces shortage in water supply. The direct consequence’s is that
children will always eat fruits without cleaning it and will not wash their hands
after using toilet. These have consequences on the health of children.
Water supply will increase the
community health protects such as
washing hands before eating and
after using toilet.
186
NR. Participant Contribution Environmental and social
impacts
19 Alberto Tamele –
SDPI Director
- He noted with tanks the contributions and the perspectives that was brought by
the participants.
- He added that there are times when patients are prohibited to use salt due to
health problems. Since the existing water is brackish, patients are forced to
perpetuate their health status by drinking brackish water.
- He agreed that economic and physical displacement trigged by the water
project should be compensated/resettled under the existing laws and rules.
- He added that the water system should consider additional funds to train
mechanics and acquire equipment’s for maintenance of water system.
- Most impotently we should work together to reduce or avoid the negative
impacts, he recommended.
- The meeting was then closed and Mr. Macuácua took the floor to invite the
participants for a lunch served on site.
Participants’ contributions in Funhalouro are recorded in the table below:
187
ANNEX 3: MITADER PRE-ASSESSMENT FORM (“FICHA DE PRE-AVALIAÇÃO”)
Environmental Information for Project Development
1 Name of project:
2 Type of activities:
a) Tourism: ------------------------------------
b) Industrial: ------------------------------------
c) Agricultural: ------------------------------------
d) Other: ------------------------------------
Specify: ------------------------------------
3 Identification of components: ------------------------------------
4 Contact: ------------------------------------
5 Location of activities:
5.1 Administrative Localization (town, city, district, province, geographical position)
5.2 Insertion: (Urban – Rural)
6 Zonnig:
Residential: ------------------------------------
Industrial: ------------------------------------
Services: ------------------------------------
Parks/gardens: ------------------------------------
7 Description of activities
7.1 Infrastructures and dimensions (attach map, etc.): -------------------------
7.2 Associated activities: ------------------------------------------------------------------
7.3 Short description of technology operation: ----------------------------------
7.4 Principal and complementary activities: ------------------------------------------
7.5 Type, origin and number of workers: --------------------------------------------
7.6 Type, origin and quantity of primary material: --------------------------------
7.7 Chemical product proposed of use ----------------------------------------------
7.8 Type, origin and quantity of water and energy resource: -------------------
7.9 Type, origin and quantity of combustibles and oils proposed to use: primary material: -----
7.10 Other necessary resources: ---------------------------------------------------
8 Land ownership (legal situation, owners, modality of acquiring, etc.): -------------------------------
9 Alternatives for location of activities: -------------------------------
(Implementation justification, etc.)
10 Short information on local and regional environmental references:
10.1 Physical Characteristics for implementation of activities:
Plains
Plateau
Valley
Mountains
10.2 Principal Ecosystems:
River
Lake
Sea
Land
10.3 Location/zone:
Coastal Zone
Continental Zone
Island
188
10.4 Type of principal vegetation:
Flora
Savana
Others (specify)
10.5 Land use:
Residential
Industrial
Protected area
Others (specify)
10.6 Principal existing infrastructures in the protect area: -----------------------------
11 Complementary Information:
Location map
Other information related to the project activities
189
ANNEX 4: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM
Project title……………………………………………………………………………………..
Project number………………………………………………………………………………….
Project type……………………………………………………………………………………..
Name of district for infrastructure rehabilitation/construction…………………………………
Name of Executing Agent………………………………………………………………………
Date: ………………………………………………………………………
Name of the Approving Authority …………………………………………
PART A: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
Please provide brief information on the type and scale of the construction/rehabilitation activity (total area,
required land, approximate size of floor area).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Please provide information regarding actions needed during the construction of facilities including
support/ancillary structures and activities required to build them, e.g. need for borrow pits, energy and water
pipes/lines installations, access road etc.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
__
Please describe how the construction/rehabilitation activities will be carried out, including complementary
activities and infrastructures and resources required e.g. roads, disposal site, water supply, energy
requirement, human resource etc.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AND
IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
Please describe the proposed infrastructures location, sitting; surroundings (include a map)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Describe the land formation, topography, vegetation in/adjacent to the activity area
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
Estimate and indicate where vegetation might need to be cleared.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
190
PART C: OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
# Environmental and social aspect Yes No Don’t
Know
Is the site zoned for the proposed land-use?
Are there any environmentally sensitive areas or threatened species
(specify below) that could be adversely affected by the project?
Is there any intact natural forests?
Is there any surface water courses, natural springs?
Is the water table close to the surface? i.e. 0,5 m or less?
Are there any wetlands (lakes, rivers, swamp, seasonally inundated
areas) in the proximity of the site?
Is there any area of high biodiversity?
Are there habitats of endangered/threatened or rare species for which
protection is required under the Mozambican national law/local law
and/or international agreements
Is there a possibility that, due to construction/rehabilitation works and
subsequent operation of the infrastructure, the river and lake ecology
will be negatively affected with regards to its water quality and
quantity?
Is the site (or its complementary facilities) located within/adjacent to
any protected areas designated by the government (national park,
national reserve, world heritage site etc.)?
Is the infrastructure likely to alter any historical, archaeological,
cultural heritage traditional (sacred, ritual area) site or require
excavation near same?
Will the project involve any involuntary land acquisition?
Will there be any voluntary land acquisition?
Will the activities be located in any vacant public land?
Is the site located in any or near polluted area (near a waste dump)?
Is the site located in an area of steep slope and or susceptible to
landslides or erosion of soils?
Is the site located to agricultural land?
Is the site located in the proximities of tourism activities?
Is the project site susceptible to natural disasters (flooding, fire,
cyclones and earth quake)?
191
Is the site located in area of population concentration points (schools,
markets, health facilities, water sources and commercial areas)?
Will the construction/rehabilitation activities result in the permanent or
temporary loss of crops, fruit trees and household infra-structure (such
as granaries, outside toilets and kitchens, livestock?
Will the construction/rehabilitation works interfere with or block
access, routes etc (for people, livestock and wildlife) or traffic routing
and flows?
Will the operating noise level exceed the allowable noise limits?
Will the construction/rehabilitation works require large number of staff
and laborers; large/long-term construction camp?
Will the activities result in emission of large amounts of dust,
hazardous fumes?
Will the construction/rehabilitation works generate solid or liquid
wastes? (including human excreta/sewage, asbestos)
If “Yes”, does the architectural plan include provisions for their
adequate collection and disposal, particularly asbestos?
Are the construction/rehabilitation activities prone to hazards, risks and
could they result in accidents and injuries to workers during
construction or operation?
Will the operation involve use of considerable amounts of natural
resources (construction materials, water spillage, land, energy from
biomass etc.) or may lead to their depletion or degradation at points of
source?
Has public consultation and participation been sought?
Name, job title, and contact details of the person responsible for filling the Form:
Name: ------------------------------------
Job title: ------------------------------------
Telephone numbers: ------------------------------------
Fax Number: ------------------------------------
E-mail address: ------------------------------------
Date: ------------------------------------
Signature: ------------------------------------
192
PART D: MITIGATION MEASURES
For all “Yes” responses, please briefly describe the measures taken to this effect. Subsequent to completion
of the present Environmental and Social Screening Form, the analysis by the District Environmental
Commission will follow in order to classify the activity into one of the categories A, B or C.
ANNEX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHECKLIST
For each activity proposed, fill the corresponding section on the checklist
Civil work activity Issue to be addressed Yes No
Construction/rehabilitation Are there agricultural lands in the proximity of
the site (cultivated or non-cultivated lands) or any
other natural resources likely to be affected by
reconstruction/rehabilitation works?
Are there appropriate facilities to handle wastes
resulting from the proposed
construction/rehabilitation works?
Will the reconstruction/rehabilitation works
require clearing of vegetation and excavation of
soils?
Will the use of local construction materials
(borrow pit materials for brick manufacturing,
need for firewood and timber harvesting) be
required during the reconstruction/ rehabilitation
works?
Are there pollution risks of surface and
groundwater as a result of the proposed
construction/ rehabilitation works?
Where the response is “YES” in the above Table, reference should be made to the proposed mitigation
measures in the Table on section 7.5, describing the relevant mitigation measures listed.
The RAP implementation budge has been estimated based on he expected project impacts on land
acquisition. It should be noted that Macarretane barrage as well as other water supply
infrastructures are not expected to result in a significant land acquisition given the small-scale
nature of the proposed projects. As a result, the budget proposed is to cover any potential minimal
land acquisition issues that may result from the projects.
193
194
ANNEX 6: REPORTING TEMPLATES
Safeguards Quarterly Report
Name of Project: Emergency Resilience Recovery Project
Sub-Component: A.5 - Rehabilitation of Macarretane Barrage
Name of District
Name and Position of Review Authority Completing the Quarterly Report
Reporting Period
Date of Report
Activity Type Status of
Implementation
(not initiated/ ongoing/
completed)
General Site
Conditions
(Good/ Average/
Bad
Compliance
with ESMP
(Y/ N)
Compliance with
Health, Safety
and Hygiene Plan
(Y/ N)
Observations
Rehabilitation of
Macarretane Barrage
195
1. Were there any unforeseen environmental or social problems associated with any activity implemented in the quarter? If so, please identify the
activity/ activities and summarize the problem (s), and what was or will be done to solve the problem.
Activity Issue(s) Actions Taken Follow-up required
2. What factors contribute or detract from complying with the ESMP?
3. Have any other environmental and social assessments been carried out in your district?
4. Have you noticed any particular problems with implementing the ESMF in the past year (e.g. administrative, communications, forms, capacity)? If
so, please describe them briefly.
5. Have any training been undertaken in your district in the last quarter? If so, in which areas, when did they take place and to whom where they
provided? What/ is additional training required?
196
Safeguards Quarterly Report
Name of Project: Emergency Resilience Recovery Project
Sub-Component: A.6 – Water supply systems rehabilitation and expansion
Name of District
Name and Position of Review Authority Completing the Quarterly Report
Reporting Period
Date of Report
Activity Type Status of
Implementation
(not initiated/ ongoing/
completed)
General Site
Conditions
(Good/ Average/
Bad
Compliance
with ESMP
(Y/ N)
Compliance with
Health, Safety
and Hygiene Plan
(Y/ N)
Observations
Rehabilitation and
expansion of water
supply system
1. Were there any unforeseen environmental or social problems associated with any activity implemented in the quarter? If so, please identify the
activity/ activities and summarize the problem (s) and what was or will be done to solve the problem.
197
Activity Issue(s) Actions Taken Follow-up required
2. What factors contribute or detract from complying with the ESMP?
3. Have any other environmental and social assessments been carried out in your district?
4. Have you noticed any particular problems with implementing the ESMF in the past year (e.g. administrative, communications, forms, capacity)? If
so, please describe them briefly.
5. Have any training been undertaken in your district in the last quarter? If so, in which areas, when did they take place and to whom where they
provided? What/ is additional training required?
198
Safeguards Quarterly Report
Name of Project: Emergency Resilience Recovery Project
Sub-Component: A.7 – Installation of water desalination systems
Name of District
Name and Position of Review Authority Completing the Quarterly Report
Reporting Period
Date of Report
Activity Type Status of
Implementation
(not initiated/ ongoing/
completed)
General Site
Conditions
(Good/ Average/
Bad
Compliance
with ESMP
(Y/ N)
Compliance with
Health, Safety
and Hygiene Plan
(Y/ N)
Observations
Installation of water
desalination systems
Construction of water
dispensers for livestock
199
1. Were there any unforeseen environmental or social problems associated with any activity implemented in the quarter? If so, please identify the
activity/ activities and summarize the problem (s) and what was or will be done to solve the problem
Activity Issue(s) Actions Taken Follow-up required
2. What factors contribute or detract from complying with the ESMP?
3. Have any other environmental assessments been carried out in your district?
4. Have you noticed any particular problems with implementing the ESMF in the past year (e.g. administrative, communications, forms, capacity)? If
so, please describe them briefly.
5. Have any training been undertaken in your district in the last quarter? If so, in which areas, when did they take place and to whom where they
provided? What/ is additional training required?
200
Safeguards Annual Report
Name of Project: Emergency Resilience Recovery Project
Name and Position of Review Authority Completing the Quarterly Report
Reporting Period
Date of Report
Province/ District Sub-component Status of
Implementation
(not initiated/ ongoing/
completed)
Compliance
with ESMP
(Y/ N)
Overall Performance
Assessment
(Good/ Average/ Bad)
Observations
Gaza province
Rehabilitation of
Macarretane Barrage
Water supply systems
rehabilitation and expansion
Installation of water
desalination plants
Construction of water
dispensers for livestock
Inhambane province Water Supply System
rehabilitation and expansion
201
1. Were there any unforeseen environmental or social problems associated with any activity implemented in the quarter? If so, please identify the
activity/ activities and summarize the problem (s) and what was done to solve the problem.
Activity Issue(s) Actions Taken Follow-up required
2. What were the key challenges and achievements in terms of complying with the ESMP, and what were the key factors that contributed or detracted
from complying?
3. Have any other environmental and social assessments have been carried out in your district?
4. Have you noticed any particular problems with implementing the ESMF in the past year (e.g. administrative, communications, forms, capacity)? If
so, please describe them briefly.
5. Have any training been undertaken in your district in the last quarter? If so, in which areas, when did they take place and to whom where they
provided? What/ is additional training required?