mis it infrastructure 1
TRANSCRIPT
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IT Infrastructure, Emerging Technologies And
TelecommunicationsPresented By:
Deepali Bhardwaj
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IT Infrastructure• Defining IT infrastructure
• Evolution of IT infrastructure: 1950-2009• Electronic accounting machine era: 1930-
1950• General-purpose mainframe and
minicomputer era: 1959 to present• Personal computer era: 1981 to present• Client/server era: 1983 to present• Enterprise Internet computing era: 1992 to
present• Cloud computing era: 2000 to present
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Multi-Layered C/S Network
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Technology Drivers Of Infrastructure Evolution
• Processing power has increased over the years• From 75 megahertz to 4 gigahertz
• Over the years, cost of Digital Storage has decreased and capacity increased
• Network economics• Social and business value of digital networks enables
rapid multiplication of links among network members • Power of network grows as a function of number of
people in the network• Increasing returns to scale for the members
• Declining communications costs and the Internet• Standards and network effects
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Infrastructure ComponentsH/W
O/S
S/W AppsN/W
Telecom
SIs
Data Mgmt
Internet
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Hardware Platform Trends And Emerging Technologies• While cost of computing is lower,
infrastructure costs have expanded• The emerging mobile digital platform
• Cell phones, smartphones (BlackBerry, iPhone) have assumed data transmission, Web surfing, e-mail and IM duties
• Netbooks: small, low-cost lightweight notebooks optimized for wireless communication and core computing tasks
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H/W Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies• Cloud computing (utility computing)
• Data permanently stored in remote servers, accessed and updated over the Internet by users
• Purchase computing power and pay as per use (on-demand or utility computing)
• Reduces risk of over-investment• Flexible infrastructure
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Salesforce.com
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Hardware Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies• Virtualization and multicore processors
• Presents computing resources so that they can be accessed in ways that are not restricted by configuration
• Simultaneously run more than one operating system on the same machine
• Increases server utilization rates from 10-15 to 70 percent of capacity
• Multicore processors: reduced power requirements, enhanced performance
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H/W Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies
• Grid computing• Connects geographically remote computers into
a single network to combine processing power and create virtual supercomputer
• Provides cost savings, speed, agility• Autonomic computing
• Systems that can configure, optimize themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders
• Similar to self-updating antivirus software; Apple and Microsoft both use automatic updates
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Software Platform Trends and Emerging Technologies
• Linux and open-source software
• Java is everywhere
• Object oriented programming language
• Platform independent
• Software for enterprise integration
• Data exchange for multiple systems through single software
hub
• Web services and service-oriented architecture (SOA)
• XML(eXtensible Markup Language): applies self-describing tags to
data in web documents
• Allows automatic transfer of data, manipulation of data and
execution of operations
• Ajax, Mashups, Web 2.0, and Web-based software
applications
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Software Outsourcing• Software packages and enterprise software• Software as a service (SaaS)• Software outsourcing
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Management Issues• Dealing with infrastructure change
• Management and governance
• Making wise infrastructure investments• Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure inves
tment
• Total cost of ownership of technology assets
• Cost components: hardware / software acquisition,
installation, training
• Hidden costs: support, maintenance, downtime,
utility costs
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Competitive Forces Model for IT Infrastructure
There are six factors you can use to answer the question, “How much should our firm spend on IT infrastructure?”
Management Issues
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Telecommunications
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Corporate Network Infrastructure
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Communications Networks• Signals: digital vs. analog
• Types of networks• Local area networks• Metropolitan and wide area networks
• Physical transmission media• Twisted wire• Coaxial cable• Fiber optics cable• Wireless transmission : radio signals
• Long distances• Satellites, relay stations to microwave
signals
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The Internet• Internet addressing and architecture
• Each computer on Internet given a numeric IP address
• The Domain Name System: converts IP addresses to domain names• 195.128.15.11 to an easily read address such as
www.USAToday.com
• Internet architecture and governance• Transcontinental high-speed backbone of
networks in the range of 45 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps• Internet architecture board, Internet Corporation
for Assigned Names and Numbers, World Wide Web Consortium
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The Internet• The future Internet: IPv6 and Internet2
• 128 bit addresses in IPv6• Internet2 – a new, robust high band width version
of Internet• Digital libraries, effective routing practices,
different levels of service
• Internet services• E-mail, instant messaging, chatting, Telnet, FTP,
WWW
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The Internet
• The World Wide Web• Hypertext• Web servers• Searching for information on the Web• Internet based groupware and electronic
conferencing software• Web 2.0 : Wiki, Blogs, RSS
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• Intranets and extranets
• Technologies and tools for communication and
e-business
• E-mail, chat, instant messaging, Usenet, and
electronic discussions
• Groupware for collaboration
• Internet telephony : VoIP
• Virtual private networks
• Secure, encrypted private network
• Point to point tunneling
The Internet
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• Cellular network standards • Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)• Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)
• Cellular Generations• 1G: Analog networks• 2G: Digital, circuit switched networks, primarily used for voice
transmission• 2.5G: Packet switched, data transmission speed 50 – 144 Kbps• 3G : Digital, high speed, high bandwidth, 384 Kbps for mobile
users and 2 Mbps for stationary users
• Mobile wireless standards for Web access• Wireless Application Protocol(WAP)• iMode
The Wireless Revolution
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• Wireless computer networks and Internet
access• Bluetooth (802.15) for personal area networks• Wi-Fi (802.11) for LANs
• 802.11b: wireless Internet access; vulnerable security • Access point is a box consisting of a radio receiver /
transmitter and antennas that links to wired network• Wireless Network Interface Cards
• WiMax (802.16) access range of 31 miles; suitable
for providing broadband Internet access; robust
security• Broadband cellular wireless and emerging wireless
services
• RFID and wireless sensor networks
The Wireless Revolution
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Assignment – Sec A
Roll Nos 1 – 15 : Salesforce.com, Q2Roll Nos 16 – 30 : Salesforce.com, Q4Roll Nos 31-46: Amazon case, Q2Roll Nos 47 – 60, Amazon case, Q1
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Assignment – Sec B
Roll Nos 62 – 77 : Salesforce.com, Q2Roll Nos 78 – 93 : Salesforce.com, Q4Roll Nos 94- 109: Amazon case, Q2Roll Nos 110 – 122, Amazon case, Q1
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Q & A