missouri v. harris

Upload: united-press-international

Post on 04-Jun-2018

222 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    1/20

    "

    #

    $

    %&

    '

    (

    )

    *

    "+

    ""

    "#

    "$

    ,-./01 2/3/02 1.2/4.5/ 56,4/"%

    032/04- 1.2/4.5/ 537.864-.3"&

    8402-6 1.9.2.6-"'

    "(")

    "*

    #+

    #"

    ##

    #$

    #%

    #&

    #'

    #(

    #)

    /:0 2/3/0 68 ;.226,4.< => ?=@AA &($A(&"A+((%ZM?D :HP 9JP= CD _= IJ@=R[

    3CCD?E=FK ID? M@HJECJII

    5HK= -DA ``````````````````

    56;M73.-/ /6 1057340.-937.1 3-1 0-T6.-0-86450;0-/ 68 3^ %$(3-1 $ 53 315 a $&+ZR[Z [ 8649.673/.-G /:0 56;;04503-1 2,M40;35S 573,202 68/:0 ,-./01 2/3/0256-2/./,/.6-

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    2/20

    /O= 2CHC= DI ;JKKDL?J< CO?DLbO JCK ?=@HCD? 3CCD?E=F G=E=?H@ 5O?JK"

    BDKC=?< KCHC=K CO= ID@@DXJEb ID? JCK 5D]Q@HJEC CD 1=P@H?= .ENH@JR HER 0EcDJE#

    0EID?P=]=EC DI 3^"%$( Z5H@JID?EJH :=H@CO HER 2HI=CF 5DR= aa#&**&\*([ HER$

    $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ ID? 9JD@HCJEb CO= 5D]]=?P= HER 2LQ?=]HPF 5@HLK=K%DI CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K 5DEKCJCLCJDEY&

    '

    T,4.21.5/.6- 3-1 90-,0("A /OJK PHK= Q?=K=ECK H I=R=?H@ dL=KCJDE H?JKJEb LER=? %# ,A2A5A)

    a"*)$ HER CO= 5D]]=?P= HER 2LQ?=]HPF 5@HLK=K DI CO= 5DEKCJCLCJDE DI CO=*

    ,EJC=R 2CHC=KA /O= 5DL?C OHK KL_c=PC\]HCC=? cL?JKRJPCJDE LER=? #) ,A2A5A"+

    aa"$$" HER "$%$ZH[Z$[A""

    #A 9=EL= JK Q?DQ=? JE COJK 5DL?C LER=? #) ,A2A5A a"$*"Z_[Z"["#_=PHLK= CO= 1=I=ERHEC< 5H@JID?EJH 3CCD?E=F G=E=?H@ BH]H@H 1A :H??JK

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    3/20

    %A 3@CODLbO M?DQ # RD=K EDC KQ=PJIF XOHC KJi= =EP@DKL?=K XJ@@ KHCJKIF"JCK E=X _=OHNJD?\_HK=R KCHERH?RK< HEJ]H@ _=OHNJD? =>Q=?CK OHN= =KCJ]HC=R#

    HEFXO=?= I?D] )(A$ KdLH?= JEPO=K CD %+$ KdLH?= JEPO=K Q=? O=E< R=Q=ERJEb$

    DE ODX CO= KCHCLCD?F @HEbLHb= JK JEC=?Q?=C=RA T6S ;0-5: 0/ 37A

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    4/20

    (A ^F PDERJCJDEJEb CO= I@DX DI bDDRK HP?DKK JCK KCHC= @JE=K DE CO="]=CODR DI CO=J? Q?DRLPCJDE< 5H@JID?EJH JK HCC=]QCJEb CD ?=bL@HC= Hb?JPL@CL?H@#

    Q?HPCJP=K _=FDER JCK DXE _D?R=?KA UD?K=< CO= Q=DQ@= ]DKC RJ?=PC@F HII=PC=R _F$

    5H@JID?EJHgK =>C?HC=??JCD?JH@ ?=bL@HCJDEjIH?]=?K JE ;JKKDL?J HER =@K=XO=?=%XOD ]LKC =JCO=? PD]Q@F XJCO 3^"%$( D? @DK= HPP=KK CD CO= @H?b=KC ]H?h=C JE&

    CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=KjOHN= ED ?=Q?=K=ECHCJN=K JE 5H@JID?EJHgK 7=bJK@HCL?= HER'

    ED NDJP= JE R=C=?]JEJEb 5H@JID?EJHgK Hb?JPL@CL?H@ QD@JPFA(

    )A 3^"%$(gK =>C?HC=??JCD?JH@ ?=HPO< JCK LERL= _L?R=E DE JEC=?KCHC=)PD]]=?P=< HER JCK P@=H? QL?QDK= CD Q?DC=PC 5H@JID?EJH IH?]=?K I?D] DLC\DI\*

    KCHC= PD]Q=CJCJDE NJD@HC= CO= 5D]]=?P= 5@HLK= DI CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K"+

    5DEKCJCLCJDEA""

    "#

    /:0 M34/.02"$M@HJECJII"%*A M@HJECJII 2CHC= DI ;JKKDL?J Ze;JKKDL?Jf[ JK H KDN=?=JbE KCHC=< XODK="&

    PJCJi=EK =EcDF H@@ CO= ?JbOCK< Q?JNJ@=b=K< HER J]]LEJCJ=K JEO=?=EC JE DL?"'

    I=R=?H@ KFKC=] DI bDN=?E]=EC HK bLH?HEC==R JE CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K"(5DEKCJCLCJDEA")

    "+A ;JKKDL?J OHK KCHERJEb CD _?JEb COJK PHK= HKQH?=EK QHC?JH="*_=PHLK= JC OHK dLHKJ\KDN=?=JbE JEC=?=KCK JE Q?DC=PCJEb JCK PJCJi=EKg =PDED]JP#+

    O=H@CO HER PDEKCJCLCJDEH@ ?JbOCK HK X=@@ HK Q?=K=?NJEb JCK DXE ?JbOCIL@ KCHCLK#"

    XJCOJE CO= I=R=?H@ KFKC=]A##

    ""A ;JKKDL?JgK =PDED]F HER KCHCLK XJCOJE CO= I=R=?H@ KFKC=] XJ@@ _=#$J??=QH?H_@F JEcL?=R JI CO= 5H@JID?EJH 7=bJK@HCL?=jXOD X=?= EDC =@=PC=R _F

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    5/20

    "$A 3K CO= RL@F =@=PC=R< dLH@JIJ=R< HER HPCJEb 3CCD?E=F G=E=?H@ DI";JKKDL?J< ?=@HCD? 5O?JK BDKC=? JK HLCOD?Ji=R LER=? ;DA 4=NA 2CHCA a #(A+'+ CD#

    JEKCJCLC=< JE CO= EH]= HER DE _=OH@I DI CO= 2CHC=< H@@ PJNJ@ Q?DP==RJEbK HC @HX$

    D? JE =dLJCF E=P=KKH?F CD Q?DC=PC CO= ?JbOCK HER JEC=?=KCK DI CO= 2CHC= DI%;JKKDL?JA&

    '

    =I=ERHEC("%A 1=I=ERHEC BH]H@H 1A :H??JK JK CO= 3CCD?E=F G=E=?H@ DI CO= 2CHC=)

    DI 5H@JID?EJH HER CO= POJ=I @HX DIIJP=? ID? CO= KCHC=A 2O= OHK H@@ CO= QDX=?K DI*

    H RJKC?JPC HCCD?E=F HER OHK H RLCF CD Q?DK=PLC= NJD@HCJDEK DI @HX DI XOJPO CO="+

    KLQ=?JD? PDL?CK DI 5H@JID?EJH KOH@@ OHN= cL?JKRJPCJDEA 5H@A 5DEKCA 3?CA 9< a "$A""

    2O= H@KD OHK RJ?=PC KLQ=?NJKJDE DN=? H@@ RJKC?JPC HCCD?E=FK HER KO=?JIIK JE"#

    5H@JID?EJHA .RA"$

    "&A .C XJ@@ _= CO= RLCF DI 3CCD?E=F G=E=?H@ :H??JK HER CO= RJKC?JPC"%HCCD?E=FK KO= KLQ=?NJK=K CD =EID?P= CO= Q?DNJKJDEK DI 3^"%$( XO=E CO=F"&

    _=PD]= =II=PCJN= DE THELH?F "< #+"&A"'

    "'A 3CCD?E=F G=E=?H@ :H??JK JK KL=R JE O=? DIIJPJH@ PHQHPJCF HER JK"(KL_c=PC CD CO= cL?JKRJPCJDE DI COJK PDL?C LER=? 0> QH?C= SDLEb< #+* ,A2A "#$")

    Z"*+)[A"*

    #+

    835/,37 3770G3/.6-2#";JKKDL?J =bb Q?DRLP=?K R=Q=ER DE 5H@JID?EJHgK ]H?h=CKA##"(A ;JKKDL?J IH?]=?K Q?DRLP= DN=? "A( _J@@JDE =bbK Q=? F=H?A#$")A 6E= COJ?R DI CODK= =bbKjH_DLC &%+ ]J@@JDE =bbK Q=? F=H?jH?=#%

    KD@R JE 5H@JID?EJHA 16- ^077 0/ 37A

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    6/20

    #+A 6I CO= * _J@@JDE =bbK PDEKL]=R JE 5H@JID?EJH =HPO F=H?< ?DLbO@F"'l PD]= I?D] ;JKKDL?J< $)l H?= J]QD?C=R I?D] ]D?= COHE H RDi=E DCO=?#

    KCHC=K< HER &'l H?= Q?DRLP=R JE 5H@JID?EJH JCK=@IA .RA$

    #"A ;JKKDL?J IH?]=?K ODLK= ]D?= COHE K=N=E ]J@@JDE =bb\@HFJEb O=EK%JE CO= KH]= PDEN=ECJDEH@ PHb=\KFKC=]K PL??=EC@F JE LK= JE 5H@JID?EJH HER&

    CO?DLbODLC CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=KA 0HPO PHb= OD@RK I?D] % CD ( _J?RK HER'

    Q?DNJR=K H_DLC '( KdLH?= JEPO=K DI KQHP= Q=? _J?RA(

    5H@JID?EJH NDC=?K ?=KC?JPC CO= Q?DRLPCJDE ]=CODRK HNHJ@H_@= CD)5H@JID?EJH =bb IH?]=?KA*##A .E #++)< 5H@JID?EJH NDC=?K QHKK=R M?DQ # eCD Q?DOJ_JC CO= P?L=@"+

    PDEIJE=]=EC DI IH?] HEJ]H@Kf XJCOJE 5H@JID?EJHA 0>A 3< a #A""

    #$A M?DQ # H]=ER=R CO= 5H@JID?EJH :=H@CO HER 2HI=CF 5DR= _F HRRJEb"#IJN= E=X K=PCJDEK EL]_=?=R #&**+ CO?DLbO #&**%< XOJPO RD EDC _=PD]="$

    =II=PCJN= LECJ@ THELH?F "< #+"&A 0>A 3< a &A 2=PCJDE #&**+ZH[\Z_[ Q?DNJR=K COHC"%

    eH Q=?KDE KOH@@ EDC C=CO=? D? PDEIJE= HEF PDN=?=R HEJ]H@ mJEP@LRJEb =bb\@HFJEb"&

    O=EKn< DE H IH?]< ID? H@@ D? CO= ]HcD?JCF DI HEF RHF< JE H ]HEE=? COHC Q?=N=ECK"'

    KLPO HEJ]H@ I?D]Y ZH[ 7FJEb RDXE< KCHERJEb LQ< HER IL@@F =>C=ERJEb OJK D? O=?"(@J]_Ko HER Z_[ /L?EJEb H?DLER I?==@FAf 0>A 3< a $A 2=PCJDE #&**$ Q?DNJR=K COHC")

    H NJD@HCJDE DI a#&**+ KOH@@ PDEKCJCLC= H ]JKR=]=HED? QLEJKOH_@= _F LQ CD H"*

    p"A 8A#'

    #(

    #)

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    7/20

    #&A .E HRRJCJDE CD JEP?=HK=R PHQJCH@ PDKCK< ?=K=H?PO=?K =KCJ]HC= COHC"CO= @H?b=? =EP@DKL?=K ?=dLJ?=R _F M?DQ # XJ@@ JEP?=HK= CO= DEbDJEb PDKC DI#

    Q?DRLPJEb =bbK JE 5H@JID?EJH _F HC @=HKC #+lA 0>A 5 HC #A$

    #'A 4=PDbEJiJEb COHC JC XDL@R CHh= K=N=?H@ F=H?K CD J]Q@=]=EC< M?DQ%# bHN= 5H@JID?EJH =bb IH?]=?K H CDCH@ DI #

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    8/20

    PDEKCJCLC= H ]JKR=]=HED? QLEJKOH_@= _F LQ CD H p"C=EKJN= XJCO aa #&**+ZH[\Z_[Y*

    5D]]=EPJEb THELH?F "< #+"&< ED =bb OHER@=? D? Q?DRLP=?"+

    ]HF K=@@ D? PDEC?HPC CD K=@@ H KO=@@=R =bb ID? OL]HE""

    PDEKL]QCJDE JE 5H@JID?EJH JI JC JK CO= Q?DRLPC DI HE =bb\"#

    @HFJEb O=E COHC XHK PDEIJE=R JE HE =EP@DKL?= COHC IHJ@K CD"$

    PD]Q@F XJCO CO= ID@@DXJEb KCHERH?RKA A A A 3E =EP@DKL?="%

    PDECHJEJEb EJE= Z*[ D? ]D?= =bb\@HFJEb O=EK KOH@@ Q?DNJR= H"&

    ]JEJ]L] DI ""' KdLH?= JEPO=K DI I@DD? KQHP= Q=? _J?RA"'

    $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[< HCCHPO=R HK 0>A :A"($#A .I =bb IH?]=?K ]HF KHCJKIF CO= _=OHNJD?H@ ?=dLJ?=]=ECK DI")

    3^"%$( XJCO CO= KQHCJH@ ?=dLJ?=]=ECK DI $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[< CO= PDKC DI"*

    Q?DRLPJEb =bbK XJ@@ JEP?=HK= _F HC @=HKC "#lA 0kA8 HC "&A .I CO=F ]LKC KXJCPO#+

    CD =ECJ?=@F PHb=\I?== Q?DRLPCJDE CD KHCJKIF 3^"%$(< ODX=N=?< Q?DRLPCJDE PDKCK#"

    XJ@@ JEP?=HK= _F ]D?= COHE $%A lA .RA##

    $$A UO=?=HK M?DQ # Q?DNJR=R 5H@JID?EJH =bb IH?]=?K #A 1< a &A#)

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    9/20

    /O= QL?QD?C=R QL_@JP O=H@CO QL?QDK= DI 3^ %$( JK Q?=C=>CLH@A"$%A /O= KCHC=R QL?QDK= DI 3^ "%$( JK eCD Q?DC=PC 5H@JID?EJH#

    PDEKL]=?K I?D] CO= R=@=C=?JDLK< O=H@CO< KHI=CF< HER X=@IH?= =II=PCK DI CO= KH@=$

    HER PDEKL]QCJDE DI =bbK R=?JN=R I?D] =bb\@HFJEb O=EK COHC H?= =>QDK=R CD%KJbEJIJPHEC KC?=KK COHC ]HF ?=KL@C JE JEP?=HK=R =>QDKL?= CD RJK=HK= QHCODb=EK&

    JEP@LRJEb KH@]DE=@@HAf 0>A 1< a#&**&Z=[A'

    $&A :DX=N=?< ED KPJ=ECJIJP KCLRF PDERLPC=R CD RHC= OHK IDLER HEF(PD??=@HCJDE _=CX==E PHb= KJi= D? KCDPhJEb R=EKJCF HER CO= JEPJR=EP= DI)

    2H@]DE=@@H JE =bb\@HFJEb O=EKA 93- .;;042007 0/ 37P=?QC"+

    HCCHPO=R HK 0>A .A 3RRJCJDEH@@F< CO= ]DKC ?=P=EC KCLRJ=K =KCH_@JKO COHC CO=?=""

    JK ED PD??=@HCJDE _=CX==E PHb= KJi= D? KCDPhJEb R=EKJCF HER KC?=KK @=N=@K JE"#

    =bb\@HFJEb O=EKA TA3A16U-.-G 3-1 UA7A^4S10-

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    10/20

    RJKHRNHECHb=RA /OJK _J@@ XDL@R ?=dLJ?= COHC H@@ =bbK KD@R JE"

    5H@JID?EJH ]LKC _= Q?DRLP=R JE H XHF COHC JK PD]Q@JHEC#

    XJCO CO= ?=dLJ?=]=ECK DI M?DQDKJCJDE #Af$

    ^J@@ 3EH@FKJK DI CO= 5H@JID?EJH 3KK=]_@F 5D]]JCC== DE 3QQ?DQ?JHCJDEK< ;HF%"$< #++* HC " Z=]QOHKJK HRR=R[< HCCHPO=R HK 0>A ;A&

    $(A 3IC=? 3^ "%$( QHKK=R _DCO CO= 5H@JID?EJH 3KK=]_@F HER CO='5H@JID?EJH 2=EHC=< CO= 5H@JID?EJH :=H@CO W :L]HE 2=?NJP=K 3b=EPF Z5::2[

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    11/20

    RDL_C COHC CO= I=R=?H@ cLRJPJH?F XJ@@ H@@DX CO= KCHC= CD ?=@F"

    =>P@LKJN=@F LQDE CO= IJERJEbK DI CO= 7=bJK@HCL?=< KLPO HK#

    CO=F H?=< CD =KCH_@JKO H QL_@JP O=H@CO cLKCJIJPHCJDE ID?$

    K=PCJDE #&**+A%5183 0E?D@@=R ^J@@ 4=QD?C HC &< HCCHPO=R HK 0>A 7A&

    $*A 1=KQJC= CO= H_K=EP= DI HEF KPJ=ECJIJP =NJR=EP= CD KLQQD?C CO= _J@@gK'QL?QD?C=R QL_@JP O=H@CO ?HCJDEH@=< 5183 L?b=R CO= bDN=?ED? CD KJbE 3^"%$((

    JECD @HX ID? QL?=@F =PDED]JP ?=HKDEKY)

    4056;;0-13/.6- 3-1 2,MM64/.-G 34G,;0-/2Y*

    2.G-A .E -DN=]_=? #++)< NDC=?K QHKK=R M?DQDKJCJDE ##)

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    12/20

    ?=N=EL= JE 5H@JID?EJHA"

    .RA HC $ Z=]QOHKJK HRR=R[A#

    %"A .E OJK KJbEJEb KCHC=]=EC< GDN=?ED? 2POXH?i=E=bb=? ]Hh=K ED$]=ECJDE DI 3^"%$(gK QL?QD?C=R QL_@JP O=H@CO ?HCJDEH@= HC H@@A /O= DE@F%QL?QDK=K O= PJC=K ID? =EHPCJEb CO= @HX JK Q?DC=PCJEb 5H@JID?EJH IH?]=?K I?D]&

    CO= ]H?h=C =II=PCK DI M?DQ #Y e/O= NDC=?Kg DN=?XO=@]JEb HQQ?DNH@ DI'

    M?DQDKJCJDE # R=]DEKC?HC=R CO=J? KC?DEb KLQQD?C ID? CO= OL]HE= C?=HC]=EC DI(

    =bb Q?DRLPJEb O=EK JE 5H@JID?EJHA ^F =EKL?JEb COHC H@@ =bbK KD@R JE 5H@JID?EJH)

    ]==C CO= ?=dLJ?=]=ECK DI M?DQDKJCJDE #< COJK _J@@ JK bDDR ID? _DCO 5H@JID?EJH*

    =bb Q?DRLP=?K HER HEJ]H@ X=@IH?=Af 2POXH?i=E=bb=? KJbEK _J@@ ?=dLJ?JEb"+

    tOL]HE=g DLC\DI\KCHC= =bbK< 23543;0-/6 ^00 53M./673704/ZTL@F (< #+"+[""

    HCCHPO=R HK 0>A -A"#

    "$

    /O= QL?QD?C=R QL_@JP O=H@CO QL?QDK= DI 3^ %$( JK Q?==]QC=R _F I=R=?H@"%@HX JE HEF =N=ECA"&%#A 0N=E HKKL]JEb COHC 3^"%$( K=?N=R H @=bJCJ]HC= QL_@JP O=H@CO"'

    QL?QDK= XJCOJE5H@JID?EJH _F @J]JCJEb CO= ]=CODRK DI =bb Q?DRLPCJDE DLCKJR="(5H@JID?EJH< CO= KCHCLC= XDL@R _= =>Q?=KK@F HER J]Q@JPJC@F Q?==]QC=R _F CO=")

    8=R=?H@ 0bb M?DRLPCK .EKQ=PCJDE 3PC Ze0M.3f[< #" ,A2A5A a "+$" =C K=dA"*

    %$A 2=PCJDE "+$" DI CO= 0M.3< XOJPO JK =ECJC@=R e5DEb?=KKJDEH@#+2CHC=]=EC DI 8JERJEbKQ?=KK QL?QDK=K DI CO=#"

    0M.3 JK CD Q?DC=PC OL]HE O=H@CO JE PDEE=PCJDE XJCO CO= PDEKL]QCJDE DI KO=@@##

    =bbKY#$

    .C JK =KK=ECJH@< JE CO= QL_@JP JEC=?=KC< COHC CO= O=H@CO#%

    HER X=@IH?= DI PDEKL]=?K _= Q?DC=PC=R _F CO=#&

    HRDQCJDE DI ]=HKL?=K Q?=KP?J_=R O=?=JE ID? HKKL?JEb#'

    COHC =bbK HER =bb Q?DRLPCK RJKC?J_LC=R CD CO=] HER#(

    LK=R JE Q?DRLPCK PDEKL]=R _F CO=] H?= XOD@=KD]=

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    13/20

    DCO=?XJK= EDC HRL@C=?HC=R< HER Q?DQ=?@F @H_=@=R HER"

    QHPhHb=RA A A A .C JK O=?=_F IDLER COHC u ?=bL@HCJDE _F#

    CO= 2=P?=CH?F DI 3b?JPL@CL?= HER CO= 2=P?=CH?F DI$

    :=H@CO HER :L]HE 2=?NJP=K< u HK PDEC=]Q@HC=R _F%COJK POHQC=?< H?= HQQ?DQ?JHC= u CD Q?DC=PC CO= O=H@CO&

    HER X=@IH?= DI PDEKL]=?KA'

    %%A 2=PCJDE "+$# DI 0M.3< XOJPO JK =ECJC@=R e5DEb?=KKJDEH@(1=P@H?HCJDE DI MD@JPF

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    14/20

    ?=bL@HCJDEK HK O= R==]K E=P=KKH?F CD PH??F DLC CO= QL?QDK=K D? Q?DNJKJDEK DI"

    COJK POHQC=?Af ,213 PH??J=R DLC CODK= D_@JbHCJDEK JE QH?C _F =EHPCJEb H#

    K=?J=K DI R=IJEJCJDEK ID? CO= QL?QDK= DI CO= 0M.3 XOJPO H?= K=C ID?CO JE ( 584$

    a &(A"A /ODK= R=IJEJCJDEK Q?DNJR= JE Q=?CJE=EC QH?C COHCY%5DERJCJDE ]=HEK HEF POH?HPC=?JKCJP HII=PCJEb H Q?DRLPCgK&

    ]=?POHECH_J@JCF JEP@LRJEb< _LC EDC _=JEb @J]JC=R CD< A A A'

    P@=HE@JE=KK< KDLERE=KK< XOD@=KD]=E=KK< D? IJCE=KK ID?(

    OL]HE IDDR DI HEF Q?DRLPCo D? CO= Q?DP=KKJEb< OHER@JEb< D?)

    QHPhHbJEb XOJPO HII=PCK KLPO Q?DRLPCA*

    A A A"+

    rLH@JCF ]=HEK CO= JEO=?=EC Q?DQ=?CJ=K DI HEF Q?DRLPC""

    XOJPO R=C=?]JE= JCK ?=@HCJN= R=b?== DI =>P=@@=EP=A"#

    Z0]QOHKJK HRR=RA["$

    %(A .I 3^"%$(gK _=OHNJD?\_HK=R KCHERH?RK ID? R=C=?]JEJEb"%HQQ?DQ?JHC= PHb= KJi= X=?= HPCLH@@F JEC=ER=R CD ?=RLP= CO= ?JKh DI"&

    PDECH]JEHCJDE I?D] KH@]DE=@@H D? DCO=? IDDR\_D?E= QHCODb=EK< KLPO"'

    KCHERH?RK XDL@R _= eJE HRRJCJDE CD D? RJII=?=EC I?D] CO= DIIJPJH@ 8=R=?H@"(KCHERH?RKf =EL]=?HC=R JE 0M.3< HER XDL@R CO=?=ID?= _= Q?==]QC=R _F")

    I=R=?H@ @HXA"*

    #+

    3^ %$( ?=bL@HC=K PDERLPC XOD@@F HER =>P@LKJN=@F DLCKJR= 5H@JID?EJH#"HER KL_KCHECJH@@F _L?R=EK JEC=?KCHC= PD]]=?P=A##%)A /O= JE=KPHQH_@= PDEP@LKJDE CD _= R?HXE I?D] 3^"%$(gK @=bJK@HCJN=#$

    OJKCD?F JK COHC 5H@JID?EJHgK @=bJK@HCL?==EHPC=R 3^"%$( HK H Q?DC=PCJDEJKC#%

    ?=KQDEK= CD CO= PD]Q=CJCJN= HRNHECHb= 5H@JID?EJH NDC=?KbHN= DLC\DI\KCHC= =bb#&

    Q?DRLP=?K XO=E CO=F QHKK=R M?DQ #A#'

    %*A 3K M?DQ # XDL@R H@?=HRF OHN= ?=dLJ?=R @H?b=? O=E =EP@DKL?=K#(XJCOJECO= 2CHC= DI 5H@JID?EJH KCH?CJEb DE THELH?F "< #+"&< CO= KD@= =II=PC DI#)

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    15/20

    3^"%$( XJ@@ _= CO= =>C?HC=??JCD?JH@ ?=bL@HCJDE DI =bb Q?DRLPCJDE DLCKJR=CO="

    2CHC= DI 5H@JID?EJH JE Q@HP=K @Jh= ;JKKDL?JA#

    &+A 3^"%$( H@KD J]QDK=K H KL_KCHECJH@ _L?R=E DE JEC=?KCHC=$PD]]=?P= _F ID?PJEb ;JKKDL?J IH?]=?K =JCO=? CD ID?bD 5H@JID?EJHgK ]H?h=CK%H@CDb=CO=? D? HPP=QC KJbEJIJPHEC@F JEP?=HK=R Q?DRLPCJDE PDKCK cLKC CD PD]Q@F&

    XJCO 5H@JID?EJH @HXA'

    &"A /ODK= OJbO=? Q?DRLPCJDE PDKCK XJ@@ JEP?=HK= CO= Q?JP= DI =bbK JE(;JKKDL?J HK X=@@ HK 5H@JID?EJHA ^=PHLK= R=]HER ID? =bbK NH?J=K b?=HC@F)

    CO?DLbODLC CO= F=H?< ;JKKDL?JgK =bb Q?DRLP=?K PHEEDC KJ]Q@F ]HJECHJE*

    K=QH?HC= IHPJ@JCJ=K ID? CO=J? 5H@JID?EJH\_DLER =bbKA .E OJbO\R=]HER ]DECOK

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    16/20

    &%A 0N=E JI ;JKKDL?J IH?]=?K XDL@R PODDK= CD ID?bD CO= 5H@JID?EJH"]H?h=C JEKC=HR DI JEPL??JEb JEP?=HK=R Q?DRLPCJDE PDKCK< 3^"%$( XDL@R KCJ@@#

    J]QDK= H KL_KCHECJH@ _L?R=E DE JEC=?KCHC= PD]]=?P=A UJCODLC 5H@JID?EJH$

    PDEKL]=?K< ;JKKDL?J IH?]=?K XDL@R Q?DRLP= H KL?Q@LK DI &%+ ]J@@JDE =bbK Q=?%F=H?A .I DE= COJ?R DI ;JKKDL?JgK =bbK KLRR=E@F OHR ED _LF=?< KLQQ@F XDL@R&

    DLCQHP= R=]HER _F OH@I H _J@@JDE =bbK< PHLKJEb CO= Q?JP= DI =bbKjHK X=@@ HK'

    =bb IH?]=?Kg ]H?bJEKjCD IH@@ CO?DLbODLC CO= ;JRX=KC HER QDC=ECJH@@F ID?PJEb(

    KD]= ;JKKDL?J Q?DRLP=?K DLC DI _LKJE=KKA)

    *

    ;JKKDL?JgK KLJC CD R=P@H?= 3^ %$( HER $ 53 315 a $&+ZR[Z ["+LEPDEKCJCLCJDEH@ HER =EcDJE CO=J? =EID?P=]=EC Q?=K=ECK H PHK= D?""PDEC?DN=?KF ?JQ= ID? ?=NJ=XA"#&&A 3@CODLbO 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ RD EDC _=PD]="$

    =II=PCJN= LECJ@ #+"&< CO= JEcL?F CD ;JKKDL?J IH?]=?K JK eP=?CHJE@F J]Q=ERJEbAf"%

    2== M=EEKF@NHEJH NA U=KC 9J?bJEJH< #'# ,A2A &&$< &*$ Z"*#$[A 3_K=EC KD]="&

    HRRJCJDEH@ HPCJDE _F 5DEb?=KK< CO= 5H@JID?EJH 7=bJK@HCL?=< D? COJK 5DL?CQ=EK=A#)

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    17/20

    &(A /O= LEP=?CHJECF KL??DLERJEb CO= PDEKCJCLCJDEH@JCF DI 3^"%$( HER"$ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ HER CO=J? J]Q=ERJEb =II=PCJN= RHC= @=KK COHE DE= F=H?#

    HXHF ID?P=K ;JKKDL?J =bb Q?DRLP=?K CD @JC=?H@@F _=C CO= IH?] DE CO= DLCPD]= DI$

    COJK @HX KLJCA /O=F PHE Q?DP==R XJCODLC ]HhJEb PHQJCH@ J]Q?DN=]=ECK JE%ODQ=K COHC CO= @HX XJ@@ _= KC?LPh RDXE< D? CO=F PHE _=bJE CO= PDKC@F HER&

    @H_D?\JEC=EKJN= Q?DP=KK DI POHEbJEb CO=J? DQ=?HCJDEK JE PHK= 3^"%$( HER $ 53'

    315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ H?= LQO=@RA(

    &)A UOJPO=N=? QHCO CO=F ID@@DX< HE JEPD??=PC PODJP= KQ=@@K RDD] ID?)CO=J? _LKJE=KK=KA 5D]JEb JECD PD]Q@JHEP= XJ@@ E=P=KKH?J@F JEP?=HK=*

    Q?DRLPCJDEK PDKCKo JI CO= @HX JK =N=ECLH@@F KC?LPh RDXE< CO= IH?]=? XJ@@ EDC _="+

    H_@= CD PD]Q=C= XJCO =bb Q?DRLP=?K KCJ@@ LKJEb PHb=\KFKC=]KA 3ER H@CODLbO""

    ]HJECHJEJEb CO= KCHCLK dLD PDKCK EDCOJEb EDX< JI CO= @HX JK =N=ECLH@@F LQO=@R

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    18/20

    56,-/ ."9.673/.6- 68 /:0 56;;0450 573,20#

    '"A ;JKKDL?J JEPD?QD?HC=K H@@ H@@=bHCJDEK JE MH?Hb?HQOK " CO?DLbO '+$JECD 5DLEC . DI COJK 5D]Q@HJECA%

    '#A /O= 5D]]=?P= 5@HLK= DI CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K 5DEKCJCLCJDE&Q?DOJ_JCK KCHC=K I?D] =EHPCJEb @=bJK@HCJDE COHC Q?DC=PCK JCK DXE PJCJi=EK I?D]'

    PD]Q=CJCJDE I?D] PJCJi=EK DI DCO=? KCHC=K< COHC ?=bL@HC=K PDERLPC XOD@@F(

    DLCKJR= DI CO= KCHC=gK _D?R=?K< D? COHC Q@HP=K HE LERL= _L?R=E DE JEC=?KCHC=)

    PD]]=?P=A*

    '$A 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ NJD@HC= CO= 5D]]=?P= 5@HLK="+_=PHLK= CO=F H?= Q?DC=PCJDEJKC ]=HKL?=K JEC=ER=R CD _=E=IJC 5H@JID?EJH =bb""

    Q?DRLP=?K HC CO= =>Q=EK= DI ;JKKDL?J =bb Q?DRLP=?K _F =@J]JEHCJEb CO="#

    PD]Q=CJCJN= HRNHECHb= ;JKKDL?J Q?DRLP=?K XDL@R =EcDF DEP= M?DQ # _=PD]=K"$

    =II=PCJN=A"%

    '%A 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ H@KD NJD@HC= CO= 5D]]=?P="&5@HLK= _=PHLK= CO=F OHN= CO= QL?QDK= HER =II=PC DI ?=bL@HCJEb PDERLPC JE"'

    ;JKKDL?J HER XOD@@F DLCKJR= CO= 2CHC= DI 5H@JID?EJHA"('&A 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ IL?CO=? NJD@HC= CO= 5D]]=?P=")

    5@HLK= _=PHLK= CO=F J]QDK= H KL_KCHECJH@ _L?R=E DE JEC=?KCHC= PD]]=?P= _F"*

    ID?PJEb ;JKKDL?J =bb Q?DRLP=?K =JCO=? CD JEP?=HK= CO=J? Q?DRLPCJDE PDKCKj#+

    ?HJKJEb CO= Q?JP= DI =bbK EDC cLKC JE 5H@JID?EJH _LC JE ;JKKDL?J HER DCO=?#"

    KCHC=K HK X=@@jD? ID?bD CO= @H?b=KC ]H?h=C JE CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K HER K== CO=##

    Q?JP=K HER Q?DIJCK Q@LEb=A#$

    ''A 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ K=?N= ED @=bJCJ]HC= KCHC=#%QL?QDK= _=PHLK= CO=F RD EDC Q?DC=PC CO= X=@IH?= DI HEF HEJ]H@K XJCOJE CO=#&

    2CHC= DI 5H@JID?EJH< HER CO=J? KCHC=R QL?QDK=jCD Q?=N=EC KH@]DE=@@H#'

    PDECH]JEHCJDEjJK Q?=C=>CLH@A#(

    #)

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    19/20

    '(A ;JKKDL?J CO=?=ID?= K==hK R=P@H?HCD?F HER JEcLEPCJN= ?=@J=I LER=?"#) ,A2A5A a ##+"A#

    $

    56,-/ ..% Z.- /:0 37/04-3/.90[&8010437 M400;M/.6-'

    ')A ;JKKDL?J JEPD?QD?HC=K H@@ H@@=bHCJDEK JE MH?Hb?HQOK " CO?DLbO '((JECD 5DLEC .. DI COJK 5D]Q@HJECA)

    '*A .I COJK 5DL?C X=?= CD ?L@= COHC 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a*"$&+ZR[Z"[ K=?N=R H @=bJCJ]HC=< EDE\RJKP?J]JEHCD?F QL?QDK= CD @DX=? CO= ?JKh"+

    DI KH@]DE=@@H PDECH]JEHCJDE _F J]QDKJEb E=X PHb=\KJi= HER I@DPh\R=EKJCF""

    KCHERH?RK ID? ODLKJEb =bb\@HFJEb O=EK< CO= KCHCLC= HER ?=bL@HCJDEK XDL@R _="#

    JE PDEI@JPC XJCO CO= =>Q?=KK C=?]K DI #" ,A2A5A a "+Z_[A"$

    (+A ;D?=DN=?< _=PHLK= 5DEb?=KK =NJR=EP=R JCK JEC=ECJDE CD DPPLQF CO="%=ECJ?= IJ=@R DI ?=bL@HCJDEK bDN=?EJEb CO= dLH@JCF HER PDERJCJDE DI =bbK _F"&

    J]QDKJEb LEJID?] EHCJDEH@ KCHERH?RK< CO= 8=R=?H@ 0bb M?DRLPCK .EKQ=PCJDE"'

    3PC< #" ,A2A5A a "+$#< J]Q@JPJC@F Q?==]QCK 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a"("$&+ZR[Z"[ HK X=@@A")

    ("A ;JKKDL?J CO=?=ID?= K==hK R=P@H?HCD?F HER JEcLEPCJN= ?=@J=I LER=?"*#) ,A2A5A a ##+" COHC 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ H?= EL@@ HER NDJR#+

    LER=? CO= 2LQ?=]HPF 5@HLK= DI CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K 5DEKCJCLCJDEA#"

    ##

    U:0408640< CO= 2CHC= DI ;JKKDL?J ?=KQ=PCIL@@F ?=dL=KCK COHC COJK#$

    5DL?C JKKL= CO= ID@@DXJEb ?=@J=IY#%

    3A R=P@H?= COHC 3^"%$( JK JENH@JR _=PHLK= JC NJD@HC=K CO=#&5D]]=?P= 5@HLK= DI CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K 5DEKCJCLCJDE D?< JE#'

    CO= H@C=?EHCJN=< _=PHLK= JC JK =>Q?=KK@F HER J]Q@JPJC@F#(

    Q?==]QC=R _F CO= 8=R=?H@ 0bb M?DRLPCK .EKQ=PCJDE 3PCo#)

    !"#$ &'&()"*)+++,- ./012$3* 4 567$8 +49+:9&( ;"

  • 8/13/2019 Missouri v. Harris

    20/20

    ^A R=P@H?= COHC $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[ JK JENH@JR _=PHLK= JC"NJD@HC=K CO= 5D]]=?P= 5@HLK= DI CO= ,EJC=R 2CHC=K#

    5DEKCJCLCJDE D?< JE CO= H@C=?EHCJN=< _=PHLK= JC JK =>Q?=KK@F$

    HER J]Q@JPJC@F Q?==]QC=R _F CO= 8=R=?H@ 0bb M?DRLPCK%.EKQ=PCJDE 3PCo&

    5A Q=?]HE=EC@F =EcDJE 1=I=ERHEC I?D] =EID?PJEb CO='Q?DNJKJDEK DI _DCO 3^"%$( HER $ 53 315 a "$&+ZR[Z"[o(

    1A HXH?R PDKCK HER I==Ko HER)0A b?HEC KLPO DCO=? ?=@J=I HK CO= 5DL?C R==]K cLKC HER Q?DQ=?A*

    "+

    ""

    "#

    "$

    "%

    "&

    "'

    "(")

    "*

    #+

    #"

    ##

    #$

    #%

    #&

    #'

    #(

    #)

    4=KQ=PCIL@@F KL_]JCC=R