mn20 remux hardware

MediaNode Remultiplexer Hardware Installation

MN20Version 27.xx for THESYS ControllerVersion 30.xx for NMX Digital Service Manager

Part Number: MAN-MN20-2730Revision A

Harmonic Inc. 2005ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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DisclaimerHarmonic Inc. reserves the right to change any products described herein at any time, and without prior notice. Harmonic assumes no responsibility or liability arising from the use of the products described herein, except as expressly agreed to in writing by Harmonic. The use and purchase of this product does not convey a license under any patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights, or any intellectual property rights of Harmonic. Nothing hereunder constitutes a representation or warranty that using any products in the manner described herein will not infringe any patents of third parties.

Trademark AcknowledgmentsHarmonic and all Harmonic product names are trademarks of Harmonic Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Compliance and ApprovalThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15, subpart B of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules.

These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.

This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy. It may cause harmful interference to radio communications if it is not installed and used in accordance with the instructions in this manual. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference. If this occurs, the user will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Connections between the Harmonic equipment and other equipment must be made in a manner that is consistent with maintaining compliance with FCC radio frequency emission limits. Modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Harmonic may void the authority granted to the user by the FCC to operate this equipment.

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Compliance with Waste Electrical and Electronic EquipmentHarmonic Inc. intends to fully comply with the European Unions Directive 2002/96/EC as amended by Directive 2003/108/EC, on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, also known as WEEE. Harmonic understands all of its products to fall under the WEEE Directive Annex 1A category of IT and telecommunications equipment, since all of our products are built and sold for the ...transmitting sound, images or other information by telecommunications. (Annex 1B). As a result, our products all are exempt from the RoHS Directives lead-free requirements only as far as the use of lead in solders (RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC) Annex, item 7: lead in solders for network infrastructure equipment for switching, signaling, transmission as well as network management for telecommunication.

Harmonic will ensure that all product which cannot be re-used will be recycled in compliance with the WEEE Directive. To that end, users are advised that (1) Harmonic equipment is not to be discarded in household or office garbage, (2) Harmonic Inc. will pay the freight for shipment of equipment to be disposed of if it is returned to Harmonic, (3) customers may call the normal RMA telephone numbers to arrange for such shipment, and (4) customers may consult the Harmonic website (http://harmonicinc.com/recyling) for additional and updated information on this process.

Regulatory Standards and Agency ApprovalsThe following tables list regulatory standards and agency approvals:

North America

European

Standards Agency Approval

EMI: FCC Part 15, subpart B, ICES-003, Issue 2, Class A

FCC

Safety: UL 60950, CSA 60950 cTUV-us mark

Standards Agency Approval

EMI/EMC: EN55022, Class A, EN55024

CE

Safety: EN 60950 TUV-GS-Mark, CE

Table of Contents

Preface

1 IntroductionNetwork Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Basic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Redundant System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Digital Turnaround System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Related Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Input Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5MediaView Encoders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5CAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Modulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Communications Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Network Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

THESYS Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6NMX Digital Service Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

DiviTrackXE Statistical Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Preventing Remultiplexer Oversubscription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7DiviTrackXE Minimum Software Version Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 SpecificationsGeneral Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Optional 48 VDC Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14AC Power Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

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Fuse Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Diagnostic Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Ethernet Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Fault Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16M2P Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17M2S Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Power Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3 Hardware InstallationUnpacking the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Installing the Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

ESD Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Installing a Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Rack Mounting the Remultiplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Chassis Warnings for Rack Mounting and Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Rack Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Cooling and Airflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Floor Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Computer Rack Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Rack-Mount Kit Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Mounting the Remultiplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Attaching the Rack Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Attaching the Support Brackets to the Rail and Chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Attaching the Chassis to the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Cabling the Remultiplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Connecting the Ethernet Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Connecting Input Devices to a Remultiplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Connecting a Remultiplexer to an Output Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Connecting Power Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

AC Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3348 VDC Power Supply (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4 ModulesIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Module Slot Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Module Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Access Control Module (ACM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Using the ACM in a CAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Entitlement Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Control Word Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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ACMs and TCP Socket Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Access Control Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Ethernet Port Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

ASI Remultiplexer Module (ARM and ARM-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

ATM/OC-3 Output Module (AOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47IP Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Calculating External Equipment Bit Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Calculating the Peak Cell Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Avoiding VC Overflows from Clock Tolerance Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Configuring Network Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Allocating Bandwidth Rates for VCs on the AOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Circuit Flow for AOM Output and OIM Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Audio Encoder Module (AEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59D-Audio Connector Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61A-Audio Input Connector Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Data Input Module (DIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Unformatted Data Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62MPEG-2 Transport Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Output Scheduler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64DIM Network Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Ethernet Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69EIA-232 Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

DS3/ATM Output Module (DOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71DS1 Sync In Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Ethernet Output Module (EOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73EOM Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73IP Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

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Ethernet Link LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Module Placement and Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79EOM Port Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

M2P Converter Module (MCM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Monitor Decoder Module (MDM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Audio and Closed Captioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Onscreen Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Module Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85A-Audio Connector Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87S-Video Out Connector Pinouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Multiple Output Module (MOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

OC-3/ATM Input Module (OIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Circuit Flow for OIM Input and AOM Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Remultiplexer (RMX) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

A Filters and FusesAir Filter Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Removing the Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Cleaning the Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Fuse Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

B EMM Peak Data RatesReducing EMM Data Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

C Customer Support InformationContacting Harmonic for Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Documentation Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Harmonic Documentation Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Preface

This manual describes the Harmonic MN20 remultiplexer and how it fits into your network. This guide also describes hardware features, components, modules, and cables. For information about configuring your network management system, see the THESYS Controller Installation and Startup guide or the NMX Installation and Startup guide and their related online help.

Before using this guide, you should be familiar with digital transmission technology, multiplexing, and the type of delivery system you are using (satellite, cable, MMDS, terrestrial broadcast, or xDSL).

Manual ContentsThis guide contains the following topics:

Chapter 1, Introduction, introduces the Harmonic components and other equipment that compose a typical multiplexing system.

Chapter 2, Specifications, provides a detailed description of the MN20 remultiplexer. It describes the physical characteristics of the chassis design, front panel, back panel, and back panel connectors.

Chapter 3, Hardware Installation, provides information for installing the MN20 remultiplexer in a rack, precautions when handling the modules, and the cabling connections of the remultiplexer.

Chapter 4, Modules, provides detailed descriptions of the modules available for the MN20 remultiplexer. Each module section provides features and specifications for the module. Each section also presents an overview of the modules basic functionality.

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Appendix A, Filters and Fuses, describes how to clean and replace the air filter and how to check and replace the fuse in case of a power supply failure.

Appendix B, EMM Peak Data Rates, describes how to find and reduce EMM peak data rates.

Appendix C, Customer Support Information, provides information for reaching Harmonic Customer Support and a form that you can use to comment on this guide.

Glossary lists commonly used industry-wide terms as well as terms used in this guide.

Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter describes how the MediaNode MN20 remultiplexer fits into your system network. The MN20 remultiplexer accepts MPEG-2 transport streams from multiple encoders, other remultiplexers, servers, or switches and combines them into one or more transport streams. The remultiplexer then outputs them to delivery systems such as cable, broadcast, satellite, MMDS, or an ATM, or IP network. See Chapter 4, Modules, for information about the physical input and output ports supported on the MN20 remultiplexer.

In addition to combining transport streams, a remultiplexer serves as:

An expansion unit for audio-only or data-only services. You can customize the remultiplexer by inserting application-specific input and output modules into one or more slots in the chassis.

A single point of insertion for a conditional access system (CAS) when configured with one or more Access Control Modules (ACMs).

An MPEG-2 program clock reference (PCR) restamper and packet identifier (PID) remapper.

Note: Read the THESYS Controller or NMX Digital Service Manager release notes to see which features and modules are supported in your device.

2 Network Overview CHAPTER 1

Network OverviewThe following sections describe sample networks of basic systems, redundant systems, and digital turnaround systems. Design your network systems so that traffic flow is reasonable. Additionally, you might want to change all timeout alarms to be non-service-affecting.

Basic SystemThis figure illustrates a basic program delivery system with audio and video encoded by Harmonic DiviCom encoders and data or pre-encoded data connected to the MN20 remultiplexer inputs. The remultiplexer combines the streams and outputs the combined stream to a modulator for transmission over a communications link such as cable, a satellite, or a terrestrial broadcast system. The subscriber receives and decodes the signal with a set-top box.

3Introduction Network Overview

Redundant SystemInstall redundant MN20 remultiplexers to guard against a service loss if a remultiplexer fails. The following illustration of a headend depicts a single backup for a primary remultiplexer using an A/B switch, such as a Universal IF switch. Other components, such as the modulator and the encoders, also have redundant pairs.

4 Related Equipment CHAPTER 1

Digital Turnaround SystemIn a digital turnaround system, pre-encoded MPEG-2 signals from a number of sources are brought together for redistribution in the MN20 remultiplexer. Reusing encoded programs is more efficient, saving time and cost. Instead of encoding every program at each regional headend, you encode a program once at the super headend. Sources of encoded programs may include:

Output from local encoders

Another MN20 remultiplexer

Satellite demodulator/descrambler, such as the Motorola IRT1000 and IRT2000

IP-to-MPEG-2 encapsulated data through an Ethernet port

Output from a video server

After the MN20 receives the various input signals, the remultiplexer provides the necessary program grooming and scrambling. The MN20 then outputs transport streams to a delivery system.

Note: When the input source to the MN20 is a digital turnaround feed with multiple VBR streams, and the output of the MN20 is configured to use only a subset of the digital turnaround input streams, each of the input streams must be set up to provision for the peak rate. Defining each of the streams with the nominal rate may not be sufficient, and an oversubscription alarm may occur.

Related EquipmentIn addition to the MN20 remultiplexer, a typical MPEG-2 encoding system consists of video, audio, or data input, one or more encoders, additional remultiplexers, THESYS Controller or NMX Digital Service Manager, a communications link, conditional access equipment, and a decoder.

A small system might have a single encoder. A medium-sized system might consist of several encoders and a remultiplexer. A large system might consist of many encoders and expansion units with multiple layers of remultiplexers.

5Introduction Related Equipment

Input SourcesInput sources are sources of program material. This includes analog or digital video tape decks, satellite downlink channels, live video programs, audio sources, turnaround, or data from computers and servers.

MediaView EncodersA Harmonic MediaView encoder accepts analog or digital video and audio and compresses the inputs into an MPEG-2 elementary stream. Harmonic encoders support standard definition (SD) or high definition (HD) video, depending on the model.

See the guide that came with your encoder for more information.

SwitchesWhen using switches with encoders, an audio/video routing switch routes the outputs from several video sources to a backup encoder. For example, the Leitch System XPlus routing switch provides the ability to select one input from many for a backup encoder.

When using switches with remultiplexers, use an A/B switch for 1:1 redundancy. See your management systems online help for more information about switches within your network.

CASA conditional access system (CAS) scrambles programming material and allows access to the descrambled information to authorized subscribers. In consumer applications, CAS requires monetary exchange for access to certain programs. In commercial applications, CAS allows controlled access to proprietary programs.

ModulatorsA modulator is a device that converts the output of the remultiplexer into a format compatible with a satellite channel, cable, multichannel multipoint distribution system (MMDS), or terrestial broadcast.

6 Related Equipment CHAPTER 1

Communications LinkThe communications link carries the multiplexed transport stream from the encoding system to the subscriber. This link is a direct broadcast satellite link, a coaxial cable, fiber optics system, or any other high-speed digital communications medium. A common link is a digital-based fiber optics link fed by ATM switches.

Network Management Systems

THESYS Controller

The THESYS Controller manages Harmonic components and connections. THESYS Controller, working in conjunction with HP OpenView, configures each component, monitors status, and enables redundancy switching.

Note: THESYS does not support all MN20 modules. Refer to the THESYS Controller Installation and Startup guide, the THESYS Controller release notes, and the THESYS Controller online help to find out what your release supports.

NMX Digital Service Manager

NMX Digital Service Manager provides configuration, control, monitoring, and fault management for components and connections that are developed for open digital television broadcast systems. NMX supports geographically diverse sites through a server/client architecture, and scales to support small or large networks.

Note: NMX does not support all MN20 modules. Refer to the NMX Installation and Startup guide, the NMX release notes, and the NMX online help to find out what your release of NMX supports.

7Introduction DiviTrackXE Statistical Multiplexing

DiviTrackXE Statistical MultiplexingDiviTrackXE (XE for eXtended Efficiency) is the second generation of DiviTrack statistical multiplexing that allows SD encoders, HD encoders, and data to congregate in a single statistical multiplexing pool. Multiple video pools share a pool of bandwidth and are awarded bit rates based on their immediate needs. By sharing bandwidth, programs with lower bit rate requirements can lend bandwidth to programs with higher bit rate requirements. Thus, using DiviTrackXE, video streams with complex encoding requirements can borrow bandwidth from streams with less complex requirements on a frame-by-frame basis.

The DiviTrackXE application runs on the MN20 remultiplexer. Encoders send bandwidth demand statistics to the MN20, and the remultiplexer collects and processes the statistics slightly faster than the frame rate. The remultiplexer then sends rate allocation messages back to the encoders to synchronize the video with the required bit rates.

NMX supports multiple statistical multiplexing pools in the same output transport if you are outputting the transport from a MOM or EOM module in the MN20. If you use multiple pools per transport, NMX supports a maximum of 24 video streams per transport, divided among the pools. You can configure up to four pools per MN20 platform.

You can combine SD and HD inputs in a single pool. However, you cannot combine different encoder models in the same DiviTrackXE pool. See the related online help for more information on enabling DiviTrackXE.

Note: The MN20 ARM and ARM-4 modules support both SD and HD inputs for DiviTrackXE. The RMX module supports SD inputs only.

Preventing Remultiplexer OversubscriptionIn an MN20, the combination of DiviTrackXE variable bit rate (VBR) circuits, and one or more high bit rate constant bit rate (CBR) circuits on the same input board can cause data loss.

To prevent remultiplexer oversubscription, do not input high bit rate CBR circuits to an ARM or RMX module that also handles VBR inputs. In this case, use a separate ARM, ARM-4, or RMX.

8 DiviTrackXE Statistical Multiplexing CHAPTER 1

If you use a CBR circuit with bit rate greater than 10 Mbps, be prepared to add an input card to the MN20. Isolate DiviTrackXE pools and turnaround circuits from each other by using two ARM or RMX modules.

DiviTrackXE Minimum Software Version Requirements To support DiviTrackXE, you must use the following minimum software versions on your Harmonic equipment:

Device Software Version

MN20 Remultiplexer v20.xx

MV40 and MV45 encoder s15.xx

MV50 and MV100 encoders g9.xx

MV400 encoder

MV450 encoder

hd11.xx

hd16.xx

THESYS Controller software 7.4x

NMX software 2.0x

Chapter 2

Specifications

This chapter lists MN20 remultiplexer specifications. See Chapter 4, Modules, for module specifications.

General SpecificationsThe MN20 remultiplexer consists of a main board plus one or more modules that provide additional input, output, and specialized ports.

The remultiplexer has the following general specifications:

Feature Includes

Chassis size 4-rack-units

Maximum modules 10 half-width modules

Output ports on the main board

One MPEG-2 serial (M2S) port and one backup

One MPEG-2 parallel (M2P) port and one backup

M2P clock frequency The M2P outputs accept clock frequencies 0 to 12.5 MHz.

The internal (provided) clock frequency is 12.5 MHz.

Maximum output rate Maximum output rate on all ports is 100 Mbps.

See M2S Ports on page 18, M2P Ports on page 17, or individual module specifications in Chapter 4, Modules, for port specifications.

PID rate allocation Rate allocation to individual MPEG-2 PIDs from 0 to 100 Mbps in increments of 763 bps. The increment is finer when using the M2P output to generate a rate less than 100 Mbps.

Null packet insertion Automatic insertion of MPEG-2 null packets to accommodate asynchronicity or under-subscription of available output rate.

10 General Specifications CHAPTER 2

Program specific information (PSI) insertion

Insertion of MPEG-2 PSI into the outgoing transport stream. The network management system automatically generates PSI and downloads it to the remultiplexer for insertion. The remultiplexer supports an insertion of up to a total of 80 tables.

PCR restamping PCR jitter of less than 0.2 microseconds.

Time stamp accuracy Presentation time stamp (PTS) and decoder time stamp (DTS) accuracy of less than 30 microseconds.

Ethernet port for network management

10Base-T RJ-45 connector

Fault detection High temperature

M2P first in/first out (FIFO) overflow/underflow

Missing start-of-packet (sync byte error)

Time-out of embedded controller watchdog timer

Module self-test fail

M2S serial cable disconnection

M2P clock input failure

M2S FIFO overflow

Bandwidth oversubscription

Packet or stream non-compliant

Feature Includes

11Specifications Environmental Specifications

Environmental SpecificationsThe remultiplexer chassis has the following basic physical, electrical, and power consumption characteristics:

Parameter Specification

Size

WidthDepthHeight

19 inches (482 mm)22 inches (563 mm)7 inches (178 mm)

Power supply, maximum output 500 Wa

a. This value is the maximum power output for the power supply. To derive the power that your individual remultiplexer consumes, add the power consumption of the installed modules to the power consumption of the remultiplexer.

Power consumption without modules 80 W

Temperatureb

b. The heat that each component generates and the power that it consumes are the maximum values. The actual values depend on the modules installed in each component. Add the power and heat values of each installed module to determine the total power and heat values of the component.

StorageShippingMaximum heat output

10 to +60 C (23 to 140 F)40 to +60 C (6.2 to +140 F)1,700 Btu/hr

Operating temperature 32 to 104 F (0 to 40 C) at sea level

Note: The maximum temperature is reduced by 1 C for every 1,000 feet elevation above sea level to a maximum of 10,000 feet. For example, the maximum operating temperature at 5,000 feet is 35 C.

Weight

Empty chassisFull chassis

22 kg (48 lbs)30 kg (65 lbs)

Humidity

OperatingStorageShipping

10% to 80% noncondensing10% to 90% noncondensing10% to 90% noncondensing

Altitude

OperatingShipping

Up to 10,000 feetUp to 35,000 feet

12 Front Panel CHAPTER 2

Front PanelThe front panel of the MN20 remultiplexer features three LEDs that help you monitor component operation.

The Operate LED illuminates green when the remultiplexer is active (power is on and the embedded controller has initialized operations).

The Transmit LED illuminates amber when the remultiplexer is carrying program traffic.

Caution: Moving the remultiplexer when the amber LED is illuminated could terminate service.

The Fault LED illuminates red when the remultiplexer detects fault conditions that impact normal operation.

Note: The installed MN20 front bezel cover blocks the Fault Fan Fail LED light from view. Thus, the fan can fail and overheat, resulting in service outage.

Harmonic recommends that you remove the MN20 front bezel cover at regular intervals to see if the Fan Fail LED is illuminated.

The front panel LEDs provide status information during boot sequences, including power-on self test (POST), data transmission, microcode downloading operations, and system operations.

13Specifications Front Panel

The following table describes the status of the LEDs in the order they illuminate from startup to normal operation.

State Description Operation (Green) Transmit (Amber) Fault (Red)

Power On On On On

Beginning of power-on self test (POST)

Off On On

POST failurea

If any part of the POST fails, the red Fault LED flashes a specific number of times to indicate a specific failure. Any POST failure indicates a severe problem with the hardware; you cannot restart the component from your network management system.

a. These are failures and do not occur during normal bootup.

Off Off Flashing

POST completion Off On Start: A few flashes

Finish: On

File download Flashing On On

Operating system start Off On On

Application and system initialization

Start: Fades from off to on twice

Finish: On

On Start: Fades from off to on twice

Finish: Off

System initialization failurea

The system reboots.

Fades off On Fades off

Normal operation On Toggles On and Off when MPEG-2 traffic is present.

If the LED is off for a long period, there is no MPEG-2 traffic.

Off

Failure during normal operationa

On Off

May toggle On and Off when MPEG-2 traffic is present.

On

14 Back Panel CHAPTER 2

Back PanelThe following illustration shows the back panel with installed modules. The main board, located on the bottom of the chassis, ships with all MN20 remultiplexers.

The following sections describe the back panel of the MN20 remultiplexer.

Optional 48 VDC Power Supply If your remultiplexer has the optional 48 VDC power supply, a panel containing a tri-conductor terminal block for the DC inputs replaces the AC line cord and power switch. You must hard wire the power supply to the fused power source. All other aspects of your remultiplexers functionality are the same.

15Specifications Back Panel

The following table shows the 48 VDC power supply specifications.

For information on installing the 48 VDC power supply, see Chapter 3, Hardware Installation.

AC Power PortThe power port accepts the standard power cord shipped with the MN20 remultiplexer. The power supply is auto-sensing and is rated between AC 100 and 240 VAC at 50 to 60 Hz.

North America typically uses 115 VAC, and many European countries use 230 VAC.

If you ordered the 48 VDC power supply, see Optional 48 VDC Power Supply on page 14.

Fuse HolderThe fuse holder contains a 3.15-amp slow-blow fuse along with a spare. If there is no power to the system, check for a failed fuse. See Fuse Replacement on page 101 for instructions. Contact Customer Support if you continue to have problems.

Diagnostic PortThe MN20 remultiplexer does not use the diagnostic port.


Input Voltage 42 VDC to 60 VDC

Current Rating 14.0 amps


Ethernet PortThe 10Base-T Ethernet port uses a standard RJ-45 connector with the following pinouts:

Fault RelayThe fault relay connects to a Form C relay that is capable of switching 0.25 amps at 30 VDC. The fault relay has the following pinouts:

During bootup, the fault relay should remain in the de-energized, non-activated state, sending the signal that service is not available and MPEG streams are not flowing. When de-energized, the normally open (NO) contacts are open and the normally closed (NC) contacts are closed. The NC contacts are typically used to signal a fault condition when closed.

Pin Signal

1 Transmit data (TXD) +

2 Transmit data (TXD)

3 Receive data (RXD) +

4 Not connected

5 Not connected

6 Receive data (RXD)

7 Not connected

8 Not connected

Pina

a. Pin 1 is the left-most pin.

Connection

1 Normally closed

2 Normally open

3 Common


After the application software has taken control from the Boot ROM, and the system determines that all is working properly, the relay should energize, closing the NO contact, and opening the NC contact. This means that service is being established and the MN20 is carrying traffic.

Note: If your MN20 contains boot ROMs that are older than THESYS Controller version 7.08, the software is not able to resume after a power cycle until THESYS Controller is connected and in control.

M2P PortsThe main board has a primary and a backup M2P port for building redundant systems. The M2P ports transmit all the data that is input to the remultiplexer with no program filtering. See Chapter 4, Modules, for output modules that let you output specific programs on specific ports.

The M2P port uses an external byte-rate clock to meter its data if you do not choose to use the internal M2P clock. The external clock can meter only one M2P port at a time. If the M2P clock is a faster rate than the customer payload data, additional null packets make up the difference.

Note: When you set the output rate of the M2P port, you set the rate for the whole system. For example, if you set the rate to 19 Mbps, the remultiplexer can output only 19 Mbps of unique data. You can output the same 19 Mbps of data on other ports.

A standard EIA-422 cable carries the MPEG-2 transport stream in a byte-parallel format. The connectors are female DB-25 D-type connectors. The following table lists the pinouts for the EIA-422 connector.

Pin Signal Pin Signal

1 INCLK + 14 INCLK

2 CLK + 15 CLK

3 SYNC + 16 SYNC

4 VALID + 17 VALID

5 D0 + 18 D0

6 D1 + 19 D1


M2S PortsThe main board has a primary and a backup M2S output port. Each port has duplicate output signals for building redundant systems. The Cypress HOTLinkTM serial carrier that uses positive emitter coupled logic (ECL) switching levels carries the MPEG-2 transport stream. The M2S ports transmit all the data that is input to the remultiplexer with no program filtering. See Chapter 4, Modules, for output modules that allow you to output specific programs on specific ports.

Note: The remultiplexer does not use the larger input ports.

The output ports are 50-ohm, snap-on subminiature type B (SMB) mini-coax connectors.

The following table lists the pinouts, signals, and descriptions for the SMB outputs.

7 D2 + 20 D2

8 D3 + 21 D3

9 D4 + 22 D4

10 D5 + 23 D5

11 D6 + 24 D5

12 D7 + 25 D7

13 Not connected

Connector Pin Signal Description

SMB output Center M2S out M2S downstream data

SMB output Shield Gnd Ground

Pin Signal Pin Signal


Power SwitchThe power switch, located above the power port and fuse holder, turns the remultiplexer on and off. Press the 1 on the switch to turn the system on. Press the 0 on the switch to turn the system off. If you ordered the optional 48 VDC power supply, which does not have a power switch, see Optional 48 VDC Power Supply on page 14.

Chapter 3

Hardware Installation

This chapter includes information for installing the MN20 remultiplexer in a rack and connecting the cable.

Unpacking the EquipmentTo unpack the equipment:

1. Carefully remove the remultiplexer from its shipping carton.

Be sure to save all shipping materials in case you need to return the remultiplexer to the factory service center for repair or upgrade. Save any paperwork included in the shipping carton by inserting it into the manuals.

2. Verify that equipment was not damaged during shipping and the remultiplexers serial number matches the serial number on the invoice.

3. Verify that the remultiplexer has the correct modules installed and the configuration matches the information on the shipping list.

Harmonic preconfigures each remultiplexer to your requirements.

4. Unpack the accessories and inventory them against the shipping list.

Harmonic typically ships accessories such as cables, diskettes, and extra modules in a separate shipping container.

Report any discrepancies immediately.

22 Installing the Modules CHAPTER 3

Installing the ModulesHarmonic installs the proper modules in your remultiplexer at the factory. However, if you want to add to your configuration, you might need to install modules into a remultiplexer.

ESD Safety PrecautionsTo protect the modules from electrostatic discharge (ESD), follow these safety precautions:

Always wear a properly grounded antistatic wrist strap whenever handling the modules.

Keep modules inside the antistatic bag until you are ready to install the module in a chassis.

Installing a ModuleEach module comes installed on a full-width sheet with a blank panel or with another module. To install a module sheet, you need a #2 Phillips screwdriver.

1. Turn off the remultiplexer in which you are installing the module.

2. Remove the protective cover from the slot where you are going to install the module by loosening the PEM nuts with the Phillips screwdriver.

Save the cover for future use.

3. While wearing an ESD wrist strap, unpack the module from its antistatic protective packing material.

Warning: Unpack and handle the modules away from electric motors, transformers, and other similar machinery.

4. Slide the module into the remultiplexer by lining up the edges of the module with the slots in the chassis.

Make sure the module goes into the remultiplexer without binding or scraping other modules. The module should slide easily until the connectors engage. Do not force the module.

23Hardware Installation Rack Mounting the Remultiplexer

5. Use the levers on the corners of the modules to push the module until the face plate seats.

6. Tighten the PEM nuts with the screwdriver.

Note: There are some restrictions regarding where you should install the modules. See Chapter 4, Modules, to see the placement for each specific module.

See your network management systems related online help for information about accommodating the new module-chassis configuration.

Rack Mounting the RemultiplexerInstall the MN20 remultiplexer in an Electronic Industries Association (EIA)-standard 19-inch (482 mm) rack. The remultiplexer is 4 rack-units tall and 22 inches (563 mm) deep. Consult the manual that shipped with your rack or the customer service department of your rack manufacturer for assembly instructions.

Chassis Warnings for Rack Mounting and ServicingTo prevent bodily injury when mounting or servicing this unit in a rack, you must take special precautions to ensure that the system remains stable. The following guidelines are provided to ensure your safety:

Mount this unit should at the bottom of the rack if it is the only unit in the rack

When mounting this unit in a partially filled rack, load the rack from the bottom to the top with the heaviest component at the bottom of the rack

If the rack is provided with stabilizing devices, install the stabilizers before mounting or servicing the unit in the rack

Attention! Pour viter toute blessure corporelle pendant les oprations de montage ou de rparation de cette unit en casier, il convient de prendre des prcautions spciales afin de maintenir la stabilit du systme. Les directives ci-dessous sont destines assurer la protection du personnel :

24 Rack Mounting the Remultiplexer CHAPTER 3

Si cette unit constitue la seule unit monte en casier, elle doit tre place dans le bas

Si cette unit est monte dans un casier partiellement rempli, charger le casier de bas en haut en plaant l'lment le plus lourd dans le bas

Si le casier est quip de dispositifs stabilisateurs, installer les stabilisateurs avant de monter ou de rparer l'unit en casier

Warnung Zur Vermeidung von Krperverletzung beim Anbringen oder Warten dieser Einheit in einem Gestell mssen Sie besondere Vorkehrungen treffen, um sicherzustellen, da das System stabil bleibt. Die folgenden Richtlinien sollen zur Gewhrleistung Ihrer Sicherheit dienen:

Wenn diese Einheit die einzige im Gestell ist, sollte sie unten im Gestell angebracht werden.

Bei Anbringung dieser Einheit in einem zum Teil gefllten Gestell ist das Gestell von unten nach oben zu laden, wobei das schwerste Bauteil unten im Gestell anzubringen ist.

Wird das Gestell mit Stabilisierungszubehr geliefert, sind zuerst die Stabilisatoren zu installieren, bevor Sie die Einheit im Gestell anbringen oder sie warten.

Rack GuidelinesFollow these guidelines when planning your rack configuration.

Cooling and Airflow

The rack system should provide enough cooling and airflow around the unit to keep the ambient temperature of the fully-configured components below their specified maximum values. The remultiplexer takes in cooling air on the front and right side (as viewed from the back), and exhausts hot air on the left side. The cabinet should be large enough to allow unrestricted air flow from the exhaust vents. Ensure the ambient temperature around the unit (which may be higher than the room temperature) is within thelimit specified for the unit.


Floor Layout

A raised (zero-reference) floor is convenient for routing cables; however, the influencing factor for using such a floor design is its capability for supporting the weight of the rack. Leveling the racks can make it easier to install and remove the components. Ensure that the equipment is properly grounded and that electrical circuits are not overloaded within the floor layout.

Computer Rack Stabilization

The computer racks are heavy. For safety reasons, Harmonic recommends bolting the rack to the floor and installing earthquake bracing according to local codes. Ensure that there are no objects placed on top of the unit.

Rack-Mount Kit ContentsThe rack-mount kit includes the following items:

Two rack rails (24- or 30-inch)

Eight Tinnerman speed nuts

Eighteen #10 screws

Two support brackets


Mounting the RemultiplexerComplete the following procedures to mount the remultiplexer.

Attaching the Rack Rails

To mount the rails in a rack:

1. Place two Tinnerman speed nuts on each of the four rack posts.

Make sure the nuts are on the outside of the post and align with two screw holes.

2. Position the rail so the shelf is toward the inside of the rack.

3. From the inside of the rack, screw the rail into four speed nuts using the provided #10 screws.


4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the other rail.

Follow the steps in the next section to attach the support brackets to the rail and chassis.

Attaching the Support Brackets to the Rail and Chassis

After attaching the rack rails, you need to attach the support brackets to the rail and chassis.

Warning: Because of the weight of the chassis, this process may require two people.


Attach the support brackets as follows:

1. Using the screws provided, attach each support bracket to a rack rail by placing the screw through the hole on the bracket and through one of the two holes in the shelf of each rack rail.

2. Slide the remultiplexer, with the power off, on the rack rail shelves until the front of the remultiplexer meets the rack posts.

3. Align the slots on the bracket with the threaded holes along the side of the chassis and screw the brackets tightly into place using the screws provided.

Follow the steps in the next section to attach the chassis to the rack.

Attaching the Chassis to the Rack

Follow these steps to attach the front of the remultiplexer to the rack:

1. Using both hands, grasp the outside corners of the plastic front bezel and slowly pull, detaching it from the remultiplexer and exposing the mounting holes.

29Hardware Installation Cabling the Remultiplexer

2. Insert and tighten four screws through the mount holes on the front of the remultiplexer and the corresponding holes on the rack posts.

3. Replace the front bezel on the remultiplexer by lining up the standoffs and pushing the bezel until it clicks in place.

Cabling the RemultiplexerTo reduce induced noise and radiated EMI in the system:

Keep cable lengths as short as possible.

Use shielded cables.

Do not run signal cables parallel to power cables.

Route cables entirely within the cabinet whenever possible.

30 Cabling the Remultiplexer CHAPTER 3

The following illustration shows the back of the MN20 chassis. The number of modules varies depending on the configuration you ordered.

Connecting the Ethernet CableYou must connect the Ethernet cable so THESYS Controller or NMX can work with the MN20.

To connect the Ethernet cable:

Connect a UTP Ethernet cable from the 10Base-T RJ-45 Ethernet port on the main board to a 10Base-T hub.

Harmonic recommends keeping Harmonic components on an isolated Ethernet network for best results.

Connecting Input Devices to a RemultiplexerThe following figure shows the connection from two encoders to a remultiplexer. Other input devices may be additional Harmonic components or third party equipment.


In this example, the encoder DVB-ASI output connector connects to the MN20 ASI Remultiplexer Module (ARM) input connector. If you are using DiviTrackXE, connect the ARM or ARM-4 output to the encoder input. See your THESYS Controller or NMX online help for information about DiviTrackXE. See Chapter 4, Modules, for information about other input ports.


Connecting a Remultiplexer to an Output DeviceThe following figure shows some output connections from a remultiplexer to output devices, such as modulators. To see all of the possible connections, see Chapter 4, Modules.

Connecting Power CablesThe remultiplexer comes standard with an AC power supply. You can order an optional DC power supply.

Note: Harmonic recommends using an uninterruptable power supply. It often takes several minutes to initialize the system. With an uninterruptable power supply, no disruption in service occurs during the switch-over period. Less critical applications might use a standby generator as an alternative power source.


AC Power Supply

To install the AC power supply:

Plug the chassis power cable into the power connector and then into the outlet.

The power supply is auto-sensing and is rated between AC 100 and 240 VAC at 50 to 60 Hz.

48 VDC Power Supply (Optional)

Due to regulatory compliance standards (UL60950, CSA 60950 and EN60950 standards), you must install Harmonic remultiplexers configured with the -48VDC option in an area that meets or exceed the above standards definition of a restricted access location.

Use only solid conductor wire for the power supply, or use stranded conductor wire and cap it with a terminal lug. Harmonic recommends using a 14AWG stranded copper wire, a spade tongue terminal, and a 14 to 16AWG #6 stud connector.

The following illustration shows how to wire the 48 VDC power supply.


With the optional 48 VDC power supply, the remultiplexer has no power switch because it is hard-wired to the power source. The remultiplexer automatically turns on with the application of power, therefore, you must provide external fault protection and power-off switching with a customer-supplied 20 Amp DC circuit breaker.

Chapter 4

Modules

This chapter describes each module available for the MN20 remultiplexer. For information about the main board, see Chapter 2, Specifications.

IntroductionWhen you order the MN20 remultiplexer, Harmonic installs each half-width module on a sheet with a blank or with another module.

The following list groups the MN20 modules by function.

Note: Legacy modules DHEI Input Module (DHIM) and DHEI Output Module (DHOM) are not supported in this release.

Input Modules

ASI Remultiplexer Module (ARM and ARM-4)

Audio Encoder Module (AEM)

Data Input Module (DIM)

OC-3/ATM Input Module (OIM)

Remultiplexer (RMX) Module

Output Modules

ATM/OC-3 Output Module (AOM)

DS3/ATM Output Module (DOM)

Ethernet Output Module (EOM)

Monitor Decoder Module (MDM)

36 Introduction CHAPTER 4

Multiple Output Module (MOM)

37Modules Module Slot Assignments

Conditional Access System Modules

Access Control Module (ACM)

Harmonic offers two types of Access Control Modules: a DVB Access Control Module and a DES Access Control Module.

Note: If you are using NMX, do not install modules in your MN20 that NMX does not support. See the release notes that came with your release to determine what modules NMX supports.

Module Slot AssignmentsThe following figure shows the numeric assignments for the slots, which can accommodate up to 10 half-width modules.

Some modules have specific slot assignments in the remultiplexer. The following table lists each module and its valid slots. Harmonic recommends placment in the lowest possible slot number.

Module Size Slot

ACM Half-width 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. Cannot be in the same chassis as a DOM.

AEM Half-width Any

AOM Half-width 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.

ARM/ARM-4 Half-width Any

38 Module Slot Assignments CHAPTER 4

DIM Half-width 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. Can also occupy any even-numbered slot but in limited configurations.

DOM Half-width 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9. Cannot be in the same chassis as an ACM.

EOM Half-width 1

MCM Half-width Any

MDM Half-width 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.

Note: An MDM can also reside in even-numbered slots if there is an input card is in the even slot. In that case, the even and odd slots both work. See Module Placement on page 84 for more information.

MOM Half-width 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.

OIM Half-width Any

RMX Half-width Any

Module Size Slot

39Modules Environmental Specifications

Environmental SpecificationsThe modules discussed in this guide share the following environmental specifications. For module-specific characteristics, see the Specifications sections of the individual module descriptions in this chapter.

Module ConfigurationsConfigure each module through your THESYS Controller or NMX. See the related online help for more information.

Access Control Module (ACM)The ACM scrambles MPEG-2 packets using data from a conditional access system (CAS). Harmonic offers two types of ACM modules:

ACM-DVB, which scrambles MPEG-2 packets using the Digital Video Broadcasting Common Scrambling algorithm.

ACM-DES, which scrambles MPEG-2 packets using the Data Encryption Standard algorithm.

Place the ACM closest to the location of the final output stream.


Temperature

StorageOperating

20 to +80 C (13.8 to 176 F)0 to 40 C (32 to 104 F)5 to 35 C (41 to 95 F) (ACM and DIM)

Humidity

StorageOperating

10% to 90% noncondensing10% to 80% noncondensing

Altitude

StorageOperating

40,000 ft., maximum10,000 ft., maximum

40 Access Control Module (ACM) CHAPTER 4

Using the ACM in a CASIn a broadcast system, a CAS is the combination of hardware and software elements that control which decoders have access to programs and events. The CAS contains a subscriber authorization system (SAS), which includes hardware elements that construct and send entitlement messages to the ACM scrambler.

Entitlement Messages

Entitlement messages enable a given subscriber (set-top box) to display authorized channels or events. The ACM accepts the following two types of entitlement messages from the CAS:

Entitlement management messages (EMMs) tell the set-top decoder of authorized programs and events.

An EMM generator generates and sends messages over Ethernet to the ACM. The ACM injects the EMMs into the multiplexed MPEG-2 transport stream, which the remultiplexer then sends downstream and broadcasts to authorized set-top boxes.

Entitlement control messages (ECMs) contain encrypted control words (CWs) that scramble/descramble MPEG-2 video, audio, and data streams.

The CAS sends the ECM with the CWs to the ACM over Ethernet. The ACM uses the CWs to scramble the stream, then packetizes and injects the ECM into the MPEG-2 transport stream. When the ECM arrives at the set-top box, a set-top security module decrypts the same CWs and unscrambles the MPEG-2 stream.

Although 60 ECMs are logically supported for proprietary protocols, there is limited buffering bandwidth available for the sum of EMM and ECM data rates. If you require more ECM circuits, or higher ECM bandwidth, you must reduce the EMM peak data rate accordingly. See Appendix B, EMM Peak Data Rates, for more information.

The following figure illustrates the EMM and ECM message flow from the Subscriber Management System (SMS) through the ACM.

41Modules Access Control Module (ACM)


Control Word Generation

The ACM and ECM generator generate CWs.

The ACM can generate its own CWs from an internal, random-number generator. It then passes the CWs to the ECM generator for use in creating the ECM, which contains an encrypted version of the CWs. The ECM generator sends the corresponding ECM to the ACM.

The ECM generator can also generate the CWs and the corresponding ECM and provide them to the ACM for play out.

See Appendix B, EMM Peak Data Rates, to find out how to reduce EMM Peak data rates to prevent the ACM from losing packets.

ACMs and TCP Socket Connections

When the ACM determines that a TCP connection is dead, the ACM closes this connection and reports an alarm. The ACM then reopens a TCP socket using the same TCP port number and listens for the client to reconnect.

When a TCP or UDP circuit is disabled (for example, during bit rate changes) any data received are read and dropped.

Repeatedly opening and closing the same socket rapidly more than 64 times may result in a shortage of file descriptors, causing communications to stop.

Access Control Groups

ACGs are identifiers that link CWs, ECMs, and PIDs to a common scrambling group. The PID for a stream awaiting scrambling links to an ACG. The CW of the ACG then scrambles the stream. Although you can create up to 60 ACGs, each stream may be assigned only one ACG at a time. There is no limit on the number of streams that can be assigned to the same ACG.


The following figure illustrates the relationship between ACGs, CWs, and PIDs.


FeaturesThe following table lists the ACM features.

Feature Description

Accepts ECMs and associated CWs from a CAS vendor

Performs synchronized switch of scrambling CWs and appropriate MPEG-2 transport stream bits

Inserts ECMs into dedicated PIDs

Repeats ECMs at preconfigured intervals

Can support up to four CASs for Simulcrypt operation

Accepts prepacketized EMMs from a CAS, and overwrites the PIDs

Performs at a maximum UDP input rate of 1.8 Mbps of pre-packetized data

Performs at a maximum TCP input rate of 0.5 Mbps of pre-packetized data

Supports up to 60 CWs simultaneously with a maximum key change rate of five seconds

It is possible to apply CWs to more than one PID

Note: There is a 1:1 correspondence between ACGs and CWs

Scrambles streams ACM-DVB supports DVB-compliant and proprietary modes

ACM-DES supports DES-compliant scrambling algorithm

Fault detection The ACM registers the following faults to the network management systems alarm management tools:

Port level Ethernet link failure

Bus failures

Processor time-outs

Circuit/stream level Overflow

Underflow

Sync errors

Module level High temperature warning

High temperature failure


SpecificationsThe following figure illustrates the ACM panel showing the data link LED and the Ethernet port.

The following table lists the ACM specifications.

Ethernet Port PinoutsThe following table lists the pinouts for the 10Base-T Ethernet RJ-45 connector.

Parameter Description

Size Half-width

Power consumption 20 W

Weight 0.5 kg (1.0 lb)

10Base-T Ethernet port Supports 10Base-T with an RJ-45 connector. For pinouts, see Ethernet Port Pinouts.

Maximum bandwidth Maximum throughput rate of 100 Mbps.

Ethernet link LED Illuminates green when the Ethernet link is active.

Pin Signal

1 Transmit data (TD) +

2 Transmit data (TD)

3 Receive data (RD) +

4 Not connected

5 Not connected

6 Receive data (RD)

46 ASI Remultiplexer Module (ARM and ARM-4) CHAPTER 4

ASI Remultiplexer Module (ARM and ARM-4)The ARM and ARM-4 provide four independent DVB-ASI inputs for the MN20 remultiplexer. While the ARM supports M2S inputs, the ARM-4 does not accept M2S streams. The ARM and ARM-4 allow the MN20 to receive MPEG-2 transport streams from ASI-compliant devices such as integrated receiver decoders (IRDs), video switches/routers, or near video on demand (NVOD) servers. The ARM and ARM-4 also include four output ports to connect back to Harmonic equipment for DiviTrackXE.

Note: The SIA port of an encoder will not report a cable disconnect alarm if its companion ARM-4 card is taken off line. This issue does not occur with ARM cards.

See your THESYS Controller or NMX online help for information about DiviTrackXE. Additionally, see DiviTrackXE Statistical Multiplexing on page 7 for more specific information on preventing data loss by using the a separate ARM or RMX when combining DiviTrackXE VBR and CBR circuits.

7 Not connected

8 Not connected

Pin Signal

47Modules ASI Remultiplexer Module (ARM and ARM-4)

FeaturesThe ARM and ARM-4 have the following features and specifications:

SpecificationsThe following figure illustrates the ARM back panel ports.

The following figure illustrates the ARM-4 back panel ports. Notice the different placement of the Out ports.

Feature Description

DiviTrackXE support Provides a back channel to communicate information back to Harmonic equipment.

M2S or DVB-ASI Autodetects DVB-ASI or M2S (ARM only)

Note: The ARM-4 does not accept M2S streams.

PID remapping Allows for channel dropping and PID reassignment.

Timestamp adjustment Removes induced PCR jitter and improves quality.

48 ATM/OC-3 Output Module (AOM) CHAPTER 4

The following table lists the ARM and ARM-4 specifications.

Note: The ARM-4 module does not accept M2S streams.

ATM/OC-3 Output Module (AOM)The AOM provides an Optical Carrier Level 3 (OC-3) output and comes in two models:

AOM-S for single-mode fiber

AOM-M for multimode fiber

The AOM segments MPEG-2 transport stream packets into ATM cells and transmits these cells over an OC-3 interface.

Note: The AOM supports a maximum of 34 transports.


Size Half-width

Power consumption 20W


4 independent input connectors

Connector typeProtocolMaximum bandwidth

75- BNCAutodetects DVB-ASI or M2S (ARM only)100 Mbps total for one or more ports

Four independent output connectors (for DiviTrackXE use only)

Connector type

Protocol

Maximum bandwidth

75- BNCHarmonic proprietary output for DiviTrackXE

100 Mbps total for one or more ports

49Modules ATM/OC-3 Output Module (AOM)

When segmenting MPEG-2 streams into ATM cells, the AOM supports two modes of ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5) framing: 8/8 and 5/8 mode. In 8/8 mode, all MPEG-2 packets, including PCR packets, map into an 8-cell protocol data unit (PDU), two packets at a time. In 5/8 mode, if a PCR packet arrives first, it is put into a 5-cell PDU to reduce PCR jitter. If the PCR packet arrives as the second of two MPEG-2 packets, it is put into eight cells. Non-PCR packets in 5/8 mode map into eight cells, two packets at a time. PCR packets typically occur in an MPEG-2 transport stream every 40 ms.

Note: When the VC is full, extra cells sent in the 5/8 mode for PCR packets could cause the VC to be oversubscribed. When using the 5/8 mode, ensure that there is extra margin for these cells when you provision the VC. Only use PCR correction in 8/8 mode. If you turn it back to the 5/8 mode, you may see excess jitter. Thus, turn PCR correction off in the 5/8 mode.

The following figures illustrate the reassembly of 5- and 8-cell PDUs.


IP EncapsulationEncapsulation is a common network process for both real and non-real time data, typically in a headend system that has DSL/IP set-top box customers who use video-on-demand. The AOM integrates IP encapsulation and routing with ATM switching to offer layer 2 services for IP forwarding networks.


ATM networks transport IP data and other connectionless traffic between hosts, routers, and bridges. The AOM module encapsulates MPEG-2 streams into IP format, then segments the IP packets into ATM cells to be routed over an ATM network to a hub. The hub then de-encapsulates the streams from the AAL5 framing and sends the IP data to customers set-top boxes.

The following figure shows a typical distribution from the headend to the set-top boxes.

There are several types of IP encapsulation, all of which use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to supply two services not provided by the IP layer: port numbers to distinguish user requests and a checksum capability to verify that the data arrived intact. During VC Multiplex, or Classic IP Encapsulation, seven MPEG-2 packets are mapped into one IP packet. Each IP packet is then segmented into 28 ATM cells of 48 bytes. One more ATM cell is added for the AAL5 trailer, resulting in a 29-cell PDU.

The following diagram illustrates Classic IP Encapsulation.

DSL Router

PC TV + STB

ATM Network

DSL Router

PC TV + STB

Central Office or Pedestal

DSLAM

Headend

Mux with AOM-IP


See the NMX or the THESYS Controller online help for descriptions of the other encapsulation modes and instructions to configure encapsulation.

Calculating External Equipment Bit RatesBit rates in are specified as MPEG-2 transport rates. However, your downstream network equipment might use a different type of bit rate. If so, you need to convert the MPEG-2 rate into a unit that is compatible for configuring a transport stream, particularly in terms of ATM payload overhead.

MPEGTSP

188Bytes

188Bytes

188Bytes

188Bytes

(1316 bytes)

188Bytes

188Bytes

188Bytes

IP PayloadIP Header20 bytes

UDP Header8 bytes

MPEGTSP

MPEGTSP

MPEGTSP

MPEGTSP

MPEGTSP

MPEGTSP

AAL5 PDU Trailer

ATM Cell 48 byte cell payload

5 byte header

AAL5 Payload


The following table provides conversion factors for MPEG-2 over ATM.

Calculating the Peak Cell RateMany ATM switches require the peak cell rate to provision their inputs. To calculate the peak cell rate, apply a conversion factor to the bit rate you set in your network management system.

When you enter a bit rate for a virtual channel (VC), you do not need to add overhead for ATM conversion because the system adds the overhead automatically. However, you might need to be able to predict the outbound cell rate per VC to set up your ATM switch.

To determine the peak cell rate, divide the VC bit rate in bps (not Mbps as entered and displayed in the network management system) by the conversion factor of 376.0 BitsPerCell_AAL for streams.

See your THESYS Controller or NMX online help for additional information about calculating peak cell rates.

Avoiding VC Overflows from Clock Tolerance VariationsEven if all circuits in a VC are properly defined at the rate they are flowing, the VC may still overflow because of a slight mismatch in the MPEG sources timebases and the ATM output (sink) timebase. This causes the AOM to send an alarm.

Avoid this situation by ensuring that null packet stuffing is OFF, then allocate an extra 0.2 percent VC output bandwidth.

Bit Rate Type Bits/SecondMPEG/AAL5

EfficiencyMPEG/AAL5

Overhead

OC-3 Line Rate 155520000 85.3948% 117.1031%

OC-3 Payload 149760000 88.6792% 112.7660%

ATM Payload 135631698 97.9167% 102.1277%

MPEG-2 Circuit Data

132806037 100.0000% 100.0000%


Configuring Network ClocksEnsure that only one end of the ATM link is using an external clock reference so the AOM interface does not periodically reset and lose data. Additionally, ensure that you do not set both ends of the link to cell loopback, which results in no data flow.

Allocating Bandwidth Rates for VCs on the AOM Although THESYS Controller tracks the total number of bits flowing into a VC, it does not report when the maximum bits exceeds limitations, nor does it prevent this configuration.

THESYS Controller also allows overallocation of VCs to the AOM. Therefore, you should consider the total stream bandwidth actually flowing. This enables you to configure all possible VCs that you have available, or have contracted for, and allocate bandwidth depending on program contents or schedule changes. You can also set the actual VC rate to the actual summed program rate, and reconfigure the VC as necessary to handle changing program needs.

See the NMX or THESYS Controller online help for details.

Circuit Flow for AOM Output and OIM InputWhen the AOM and OIM are in the same MN20 chassis, you need to configure the same sets of virtual circuts and circuits to enable packet flow between the AOM and OIM in each OC-3 device. The individual MN20s can be on the same transport submaps, or on separate transport submaps.

See the NMX or the THESYS Controller online help for details.


FeaturesThe AOM has the following features and specifications:

Feature Specifications Notes

General

Modules 1 per chassis

Connectors 1 input and 1 output SC-type for multimode (AOM-M) or SC-type for single-mode (AOM-S)

Optical power for multimode: 1300nm nominal wavelength (using 62.5/125 m fiber)

Transmit: -14 to -20 dBm

Receive: -14 dBm maximum

ATM

Supports IP protocol

IETF RFC 2684, UDP/IP encapsulation of MPEG-2 streams

Supports specific MPEG-2 encapsulation mode

Direct mapping into AAL-5

VC multiplexed UDP/IP over AAL-5.

VC multiplexed bridged Ethernet 802.3 UDP/IP over AAL-5.

LLC/SNAP Ethertype UDP/IP over AAL-5.

LLC/SNAP bridged Ethernet 802.3 UDP/IP over AAL-5.

Software-configurable (through THESYS or NMX)

Supports IP addressing

User-defined IGMP multicast group addresses

IDP PDU size 7 MPEG-2 transport stream packets

ATM adaption layer

AAL-5 Supports 5/8 cell and 8/8 cell for direct MPEG-2 mapping into AAL-5


MPEG-2 over ATM protocol

ATM Forum AMS 1.1 Supports both SPTS and MPTS

VC bit rate resolution

0.001% traffic shaping CBR output

User-configurable null padding.

Per ATM Forum AMS 1.1 and UNI 1.1

Maximum ATM virtual channels (VCs)

125 A VC contains all components of a service PID

PSI table insertion 80 tables More than 80 tables may be inserted depending on the total aggregate AOM-IP transport stream rate

VCI bandwidth Minimum (per VCI): 2.048 Kbps

Maximum (per card): 95 Mbps

IP multicast-to-ATM VC mapping

1-to-1

ATM protocol UNI 4.0 specific sections

Framing STS-3c (SONET) or STM-1 (SDH)

Line encoding Non-return to zero (NRZ)

Jitter compensation (no IP mode) measured at the network input

< f1 msec peak-to-peak

< 200 sec peak-to-peak

< 50 sec peak-to-peak

PCR unaware (8/8) mode

PCR aware (8/5) mode

PCR corrected (8/8 or 8/5) mode



SpecificationsThe AOM comes with single-mode or multimode fiber connectors. The following figure shows the AOM back panel ports.

MPEG

MPEG-2 transport stream

MPTS

SPTS

MPEG processing power

Minimum (per VCI): 2.048 Kbps

Maximum (per card): 95 Mbps

Maximum processing power can be distributed across all output VCI. This is for MPEG only; ATM overhead is not included

MPEG-2 streams (PIDS) per module

Maximum: 256 PIDS, which includes

Unicast total: up to 196 PIDS

Multicast total: up to 256 PIDs

Multicast per PID total: maximum of 16 duplicates

Multicast internally generated tables: up to 80

Unicast: Each PID is passed from an input to the output once.

Multicast: A PID is passed from an input to multiple output services.

PID remap Any input value to any output value



The following table lists the AOM specifications.


Size Half-width



Tx output port

Optical power Multimode: 14 to 20 dBm

Single-mode: 15 to 8 dBm

Maximum bandwidth 100 Mbps of unique data.

Tx output port

Connector SC pair

Cable 62.5/125 m multimode or single-mode fiber, depending on the module type. Multimode fiber supports cable lengths up to 2 km. Single-mode supports up to 15 km.

Rx input port for network clock information

Optical power Multimode: 14 dBm maximum

Single-mode: 8 dBm maximum

Single-mode receiver sensitivity

31 dBm

Connector SC pair

Cable 62.5/125 m multimode or single-mode fiber, depending on the module type. Multimode fiber supports cable lengths up to 2 km. Single-mode supports up to 15 km.

Tx LED status

Off

Green

Yellow

No cells transmitted.

Cells transmitted.

An alarm or loss of signal.

59Modules Audio Encoder Module (AEM)

Audio Encoder Module (AEM)The AEM provides two dual-channel audio encoders. It compresses the audio programs into MPEG-2 audio transport packets. The module accepts both analog and digital audio.

The AEM has two independent audio channel pairs that your network management system configures in one of four modes: mono, dual mono, stereo, or joint stereo. Use your network management system to program the audio channel pairs to act together.

The AEM output, in MPEG-2 format, is combined in the chassis with MPEG-2 packets from other sources, producing one MPEG-2 transport stream.

FeaturesThe AEM has the following features:

Rx LED status

Off

Green

Red

A carrier (proper light signal) detected.

Cells received (output only, no input).

Loss of carrier.

Feature Description

Analog-to-digital converter resolution

18 bits. Only the 16 most significant bits (MSBs) encoded.

Asynchronous digital AEM resamples to the desired rate and locks to the 27-MHz system clock.

Bit rate index You can set the bit rate according to the bit_rate_index from ISO 11172-3. The Layer 2 bit rate is 64 to 384 kbps.

Compression algorithm Musicam algorithm


60 Audio Encoder Module (AEM) CHAPTER 4

SpecificationsThe following figure shows the AEM back panel ports.

Digital loop through The digital audio output:

Loops through to the digital audio input.

-or-

Provides a digital audio clock to lock external digital audio equipment to the network management system clock in the chassis. The AEM can also lock analog-to-digital sample clocks for audio inputs across both channel pairs.

PCR insertion For audio-only programs.

Program time stamping (PTS)

Part of the MPEG-2 transport packet is a PTS that allows synchronization between the playback of the audio channel and the video program. If the audio sample clock on the digital input is not frequency-locked to the network management system clock in the chassis, the AEM resamples the audio to synchronize the system clock.

Recognizes existing pre-emphasis

The AEM does not perform pre-emphasis. However, it does recognize existing pre-emphasis on digital inputs (none, 50/15 microseconds, CCITT J.17) and sets the corresponding MPEG-2 signal field.

Sample rate 32, 44.1, or 48 kHza

Standards compliant MPEG-1 (ISO 11172-3) layer 2 mono and stereo compliant.

Synchronous digital Locks audio source to the AEM sample clock provided by the digital output.

a. Selected using your network management system.

Feature Description

61Modules Audio Encoder Module (AEM)

The following table lists the AEM specifications.


Size Half-width



2 analog audio inputs

Impedance 600- or high-impedance (>15 K)a

a. Use your system to specify.

Balance Balanced or unbalanced

Clipping level Adjustable from 0 to + 20 dBV in 0.5 dBV incrementsa

Connector DB-9 male

2 digital audio inputs/outputs

Impedance 75- unbalanced (1V), 110- (3V) balancedb or high-impedancea

b. Both outputs are always available.

Balance AES/EBU or IEC 958 (automatically senses input format)

Connector DB-9 female (digital audio input/output)

62 Audio Encoder Module (AEM) CHAPTER 4

D-Audio Connector PinoutsThe following table lists the pinouts for the female DB-9 connectors.

A-Audio Input Connector PinoutsThe following table lists the pinouts for the male DB-9 connectors.

Pin Signal

1 Positive differential data input

2 Data input shield

3 Positive differential, 1V/75- data output

4 5V/110- data output shield

5 Negative differential, 5V/110- data output

6 Negative differential data input

7 1V/75- data output shield

8 Negative differential, 1V/75- data output

9 Positive differential, 5V/110- data output

Pin Signal

1 Left channel analog differential positive input

2 Left channel shield

3 Not connected

4 Right channel shield

5 Right channel analog differential negative input

6 Left channel analog differential negative input

7 Not connected

8 Not connected

9 Right channel analog differential positive input

63Modules Data Input Module (DIM)

Data Input Module (DIM)The DIM packetizes data and inserts the data into multiplexed MPEG-2 transport streams. Applications that require data insertion include electronic program guides (EPGs), file transferring, teletext, set-top signaling, and DVB subtitles. The DIM has four data input ports: three EIA-232 serial ports, and one Ethernet port.

Data FormatThe DIM receives data as either an MPEG-2 transport stream or as an unformatted data stream. The DIM converts the incoming data into the requested MPEG-2 transport format. The DIM output scheduler then processes the converted data before inserting it into the MPEG-2 multiplexed output stream.

The following figure illustrates the DIM process.

Unformatted Data Streams

When the DIM receives an unformatted data stream, it processes the data by adding a packetized elementary stream (PES) header with an optional PTS. The DIM packetizes the unformatted data stream with a PES header into an MPEG-2 transport packet and injects this data stream into the MPEG-2 multiplexed output stream.

The following figure depicts how the DIM processes an unformatted data stream to a multiplexed MPEG-2 output stream.

64 Data Input Module (DIM) CHAPTER 4

MPEG-2 Transport Streams

When the incoming data is an MPEG-2 transport stream, the DIM overwrites an output PID in the transport header before injecting it into the MPEG-2 multiplexed transport stream.

The following figure illustrates how the DIM processes an incoming MPEG-2 packet into the MPEG-2 multiplexed transport stream.


Output SchedulerThe DIM supports up to eight connections, each with a unique PID and a transmission rate you assign using your network management system. The output scheduler multiplexes each connection and maintains an overall constant output rate. If a connection underflows (does not fully use the transmission rate assigned), the output scheduler absorbs the lost bandwidth by assigning it to a flow-controlled connection, maintaining the overall transmission rate. A flow-controlled connection uses handshaking to control flow into the buffer (such as RTS/CTS, XON/XOFF, and TCP/IP).

The following figure illustrates an example of the output scheduler managing eight connections.


Note: A tight correlation exists between block size, baud rate, and circuit bandwidth. Make sure that you provision enough bandwidth to process all of the data.

DIM Network ConnectionsThere are several variances and processes to note regarding the DIM and network connections:

When the DIM determines that a TCP connection is inactive, the DIM closes this connection and reports an alarm. In this case, you must use a new TCP port number.

When a TCP or UDP circuit is disabled (for example, when you change bit rates), the DIM will read and drop any data received.

With asynchronous RS-232 unpacketized serial data input, you can select input rates between 300 and 38400 bps with odd, even, or no parity and 1 or 2 stop bits. You can also control the input block size, with a maximum size of 1024 bytes. THESYS Controller and NMX use the input block size to determine the maximum PES payload length.

When you provision a circuit, you must ensure that enough bandwidth is being provisioned to allow processing of all data.

Since the DIM does not send an alarm if serial data is dropped, you must first stop the source when changing the port configuration, then change the DIM serial port configuration.

With a heavily loaded input stream (few idle cells), you might need to physically disconnect and reconnect the input cable to synchronize the serial port with the input data.

The DIM network link LED remains on if there is no network connected regardless of whether a network circuit is present or not.


FeaturesThe following table lists the DIM features.

Feature Notes

TCP and UDP support Supports UDP/IP over Ethernet up to an aggregate bandwidth of 1 Mbps using up to eight UDP/IP connections

Supports TCP/IP over Ethernet up to an aggregate bandwidth of 0.55 Mbps using up to four TCP/IP connections

Supports mixed TCP/UDP configurations over Ethernet up to an aggregate bandwidt

mn20 remux hardware

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