mnemonics.docx

7/27/2019 Mnemonics.docx

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Mnemonics...

HYPERNATREMIA

"You Are Fried"

F- Fever (low), flushed skin

R- Restless (irritable)

I- Increased fluid retention &

increased BP

E - Edema (peripheral and pitting)

D- Decreased urinary output, dry

mouth

Can also use this one:

SALTS = Skin flushed

A = Agitation

L = Low-grade fever

T = Thirst

Hyperkalemia

Signs & Symptoms Increased

Serum K+

MURDER

M - Muscle weakness

U - Urine, oliguria, anuria

R- Respiratory distress

D - Decreased cardiac

contractility

E- ECG changes

R- Reflexes, hyperreflexia, or

areflexia (flaccid)

HYPERKALEMIA Causes of Increased

Serum K+

Machine"

M- Medications - ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS

A- Acidosis - Metabolic and respiratory

C- Cellular destruction - Burns,

traumatic injury

HHypoaldosteronism/ hemolysis

I- Intake - Excessive

N- Nephrons, renal failure

E- Excretion - Impaired

HYPOCALCEMIA

CATS

C- ConvulsionsA- Arrhythmias

T- Tetany

S- Spasms and stridor

Sxs minor bleeding:

BEEP

B: Bleeding gumsE: Ecchymoses (bruises)

E: Epistaxis (nosebleed)

P: Petechiae (tiny purplish

spots)

. "HOOK" for serum sickness: each

letter stands for a key sign or

symptom of serum sickness.

F: Fever

A: Arthralgias

R: Rash

M: Malaise

Cancer Assessment

CAUTION

C: Change in bowel/ bladder habitsA: A sore that doesnt heal

U: Unusual bleeding or discharge

T: Thickening or lump

I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

O: Obvious changes in a wart or

mole

ABG's:

ROME

Respiratory OppositeMetabolic Equal

Respiratory depression inducing

drugs

"STOPbreathing":

Sedatives and hypnotics

Trimethoprim

Opiates

Polymyxins


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N: Nagging cough or hoarseness.

COPD:

blue bloater vs. pink puffer diseases

emPhysema has letter P(and not B)

so Pink Puffer.

chronic Bronchitis has letter B(and

not P) so Blue Bloater.

Croup: symptoms

3 S's:

Stridor

Subglottic swelling

Seal-bark cough

Neonatal resuscitation: successive

steps

"Do What Pediatricians Say To, Or Be

Inviting Costly Malpractice"

Drying

Warming

Positioning

Suctioning

Tactile stimulation

Oxygen

Bagging

Intubate endotracheally

Chest compressions

Medications


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Asthma acute attack:

5 life threatening signsSHOCK:

Silent chest

Hypotension

One third of best/predicted PFR

Cyanosis

Konfusion

Pneumonia: risk factors

INSPIRATION:

Immunosuppression

Neoplasia

Secretion retention

Pulmonary oedema

Impaired alveolar macrophages

RTI (prior)

Antibiotics & cytotoxics

Tracheal instrumentation

IV dug abuse

Other (general debility,

immobility)

Neurologic impairment of cough

reflex, (eg NMJ disorders)

Asthma: management of acute

severe

O-SHIT

O- oxygen(high dose: >60%)

S- salbutamol (5mg via oxygen-driven

nebuliser)

H- Hydrocortisone(or prednisolone)

I - Ipratropium bromide(if life

threatening)

T- theophylline (or preferably

aminophylline-if life threatening

RDS -Respiratory distress syndrome in infants:

major risk factorsPCD(Primary

Ciliary Dyskinesia, a cause of

Respiratory distress syndrome):

Prematurity

Cesarean section

Diabetic mother

Lung cancer: main sites for distant

metastasesBLAB:

Bone

Liver

Adrenals

Brain

Pneumothorax: sx

P-THORAX:

Pleuretic pain

Trachea deviation

Hyperresonance

Onset sudden

Reduced breath sounds (&

dypsnea)

Absent fremitus

X-ray shows collapse

Bronchi: which one is more vertical

"Inhale a bite, goes down the right"

Inhaled objects more likely to lodge

in right bronchus, since it is the one

that is more vertical.

Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor

location

"You have 1 heartand 2 lungs":

Beta-1are therefore primarily

on heart.

Beta-2primarily on lungs.

Wheezing: causesASTHMA:

Asthma

Small airways disease

Tracheal obstruction

Heart failure

Mastocytosis or carcinoid

Anaphylaxis or allergy


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Shortness of breath: short

differentialAAAA PPPP:

Airway obstruction

Angina

Anxiety

Asthma

Pneumonia

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary Embolus

Respiratory co anaesthesia:

patients at riskCOUPLES:

COPD

Obese

Upper abdominal surgery

Prolonged bed rest

Long surgery

Elderly

Smokers

Dyspnea: differential

3A's: Three Airways: Airway

obstruction, Anaphylaxis, Asthma

3P's: Three Pulmonary's:

Pneumothorax, PE, Pulmonary edema

3C's: Three Cardiacs: Cardiogenic

pulmonary edema, Cardiac ischemia,

Cardiac tamponade

3M's: Three Metabolics: (DOC) DKA,

Organophosphates, Carbon monoxide

poisoning

TB: antibiotics used

STRIPE:

STreptomycin

Rifampicin

Isoniazid

Pyrizinamide

Ethambutol

Ascultation: crackles (rales)

"PEBbles":

Pneumonia

Edema of lung

Bronchiti

drugs totreat viral respiratory

infections"You'd get a respiratory

infectionif you shoot an ARO(arrow)

laced with virusesinto the lungs":

ARO:

Amantadine

Rimantadine

Oseltamivir

Pulmonary edema: tx

MAD DOG

Morphine

Aminophylline

Digitalis

Diuretics

Oxygen

GGases in blood (ABG's)

Kubler-Ross dying process:

stages

"Death Always Brings Great

Acceptance":

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Grieving

Acceptance

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