mobile broadband lte & hspa technologies and spectrum · › lte is now growing strongly, with...

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CAPITALS

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Mobile broadband LTE & HSPA Technologies and spectrum

Mikael Halén

Director, Government & Industry Relations

September 5, 2014, CAPE TOWN

Capacity building workshop – SA Parliament Cape Town – September 5, 2014

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Public | © Ericsson AB 2014 | 2014-05-18 |

TECHNOLOGIES OVER TIME

LTE is the future mobile broadband: convergence of technologies providing both

FDD and TDD access, while increasing the use of pico cells, and including RLAN

GSM WCDMA HSPA

TD-SCDMA HSPA/TDD

LTE FDD and TDD - pico and RLAN

IS-95 cdma2000 EV-DO

D-AMPS D-AMPS

PDC PDC

WiMAX

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9.3 billion Mobile subscriptions end 2019

M2M subscriptions not included

› LTE is now growing strongly, with 50 million

new subscriptions added in Q4 2013

› LTE reached 200 million subscriptions in Q4

2013

› LTE to reach 2.6 billion subscriptions by

2019

› WCDMA/HSPA around 100 million new

subscribers, i.e. 2X more than LTE

Mobile subscriptions by technology, 2010-2019

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Technology by regions

› Several technology shifts ahead

Technology refers to the highest technology the device & network can support

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Evolution of Mobile Broadband

84 Mbps

150 Mbps

300 Mbps

42 Mbps

21 Mbps

1000 Mbps

~2016

~1000 Mbps

Operator dependent

Operator dependent

2012

~150 Mbps

10-100 Mbps

5-50 Mbps

Market impact

Peak rate

Typical user rate downlink

Typical user rate uplink

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12

48 Downlink

…

7.2

21

28

42

84

168

10 ms TTI

2 ms TTI

Dual-carrier or

16QAM

Dual-carrier + MIMO or

Dual-carrier + 16QAM

64QAM

MIMO

64QAM + MIMO or

Dual-carrier + 64QAM

Dual-carrier + 64QAM + MIMO or

Multi-carrier (4) + 64QAM

Multi-carrier (4) + 64QAM + MIMO or

Multi-carrier (8) + 64QAM

1.4

…

5.8

24

Uplink

Dual-carrier + MIMO + 16QAM

0.384

hspa evolution

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Relation between Peak Rate, coverage & Capacity

Coverage

Bitrate

7.2 Mbps

14.4 Mbps

28.8 Mbps (MIMO)

42 Mbps (MIMO+64QAM)

Network Capacity does not double when peak rate double

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Smartphones need speeds

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HSPA Coverage

› Around 85% of HSPA networks upgraded to DL peak of 7.2 Mbps or higher

› Around 60% of HSPA networks upgraded to DL peak of 21 Mbps or higher

› Over 25 percent of HSPA networks now have speeds of up to 42 Mbps in whole or parts of the network

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Towards megabit experience

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LTE in a nutshell

› Higher-speed – 10x the speed of 3G

› Lower latency – enhanced user experience

› More spectrum – expanded network capacity

› Increased network efficiency – higher throughput and lower costs

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274 LTE networks launched in 101 countries - 200 million LTE subscriptions Q4-2013

Source: GSA, Ericsson

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Speed increase with LTE

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

United States Japan

South Korea Sweden

Turkey

Downlink

Speeds Kbps

Source: Speedtest.net

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From voice to data

10 Mbps

1 Mbps

0,1 Mbps

SMS @

1 Mbps

10 Mbps

“App Coverage” – the area where my app works as I expect”

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App coverage

› Increased user demand puts new

requirements on app coverage

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APP coverage in cities

› Majority of mobile traffic originates in cities

› Urban users expect instant and reliable

access to apps wherever they go

› Ericsson consumer research shows that

general satisfaction levels with voice and

internet coverage is lowest on public

transportation, shopping malls and

restaurants

› There is a large difference between peak

(10%), median (50%) and 90% probability

downlink speeds in all cities

Seoul Copenhagen Tokyo New York São Paulo

Source: Based on Ericsson’s analysis of Speedtest.net results provided by Ookla (2013)

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hetnet for enhanced Coverage, capacity & Speed

DENSIFIED MACRO Additional sites, Main Remote, AIR

ADD small cells Macro + ”Small Cells” providing very high capacity

and very high data rates

IMPROVED MACRO More spectrum, Multi Carrier, Mimo, Advanced

Antennas, 64 QAM etc.

Very high

data rates

Very high capacity

Higher

data rates

Higher capacity

Small cells have initially been built for coverage and capacity

– Now they are requested for speed!

Improved

data rates

Improved capacity

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5G Wireless access

2000 2010 2020 1990

3G

4G

New wireless technologies

Wi-Fi

5G

GSM

5G

=

evolution of

existing standards

+

complementary

new technologies

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Super real-time and

reliable connections .

Very high

data rate

Very dense

crowds of

users

Very low

energy, cost,

and massive

number of,

devices

Mobility

Very low

latency

Amazingly fast Great service

in a crowd

Ubiquitous things

communicating

Best experience ..

follows you

Five Challenges for 5G

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5G Objectives

1000x higher mobile

data volumes

10-100x higher number of

connected devices

10-100x typical end-user

data rates

5x lower latency

10x longer battery life

for low-power devices

Develop a concept for future mobile and wireless communications system

that supports the connected information society

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CAPITALS

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Global Spectrum & roaming update

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2690 2500

2570 2620

FDD FDD TDD

HARMONIZED SPECTRUM

Example the band 2500 – 2790 MHz identified by ITU WRC-2000

› well specified sub-bands for FDD uplink and downlink, TDD as well as guard band provide for

uninterrupted services

› the arrangement is harmonized by CEPT, but considered in all three Regions

› administrations and the industry has specified the technical details for the development of

standardized products in 3GPP

› licensed in a service and technology neutral manner to IMT

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› Economy of scale (based on a mass market)

› Easy cross-border coordination

› Cross-border operation (between countries)

› Global roaming capabilities

› Interoperability choice and convenience

› Efficient use of spectrum (also in border areas)

Harmonized spectrum is key for development of public MBB access as well as for industry

to be able to successfully respond to national policy goals by providing standardized

products and operated in licensed spectrum

harm

on

ized

sp

ectru

m s

pectr

um

eff

icie

ncy

Providing affordable services and applications for all

SPECTRUM AND TECHNOLOGY

economy of scale

standards

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Assumptions: Propagation based. Suburban environment. Reference frequency is 800 MHz.

5 dB higher antenna gain at 2,100 MHz and 6 dB higher antenna gain at 2,600 MHz.

LTE and HSPA: re-use 1

Broadband capacity & coverage - typical deployment by a European operator

Relative cell coverage area

0.5 1.0

DD 800 MHz

900 MHz

2,100 MHz

1,800 MHz

2,600 MHz

HSPA

LTE

FDD DL 5 MHz

FDD DL 10 MHz

FDD DL 20 MHz

FDD DL 15 MHz

FDD DL 10 MHz

Radio link throughput proportional to

Coverage

bands

Capacity

bands

Relative cell coverage area

0.5 1.0

DD 800 MHz

900 MHz

2,100 MHz

1,800 MHz

2,600 MHz

HSPA

LTE

HSPA

LTE

FDD DL 5 MHz

FDD DL 10 MHz

FDD DL 20 MHz

FDD DL 15 MHz

FDD DL 10 MHz

Radio link throughput proportional to

Coverage

bands

Capacity

bands

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Latin America

Base: 850 & 1900

New: AWS & 2600

2014+: APT700 MEA

Base: 2100

New: 900, 1800 & 2600

2014+: CEPT800 & APT700

APAC

Base: 2100, 900 & 850

New: 1800, 2300 & 2600

2014+: APT700

Japan

Base: 2100, 1800, 850

New: 1500, 900 & 2600

2014+: APT700 & 3500

Europa

Base: 2100 & 900

New: 2600, 1800 & CEPT800

2014+: 1400, 2300 & 3500

North America

Base: 850, 1900, US700 & AWS

New: 2600

2014+: 600 & 3500

spectrum for mobile broadband - Regional mainstream hspa & lte deployments

Opportunity for lte TDD in the 2300 & 2600 MHz bands – same FDD/TDD equipment

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Devices drive Networks 2.0

› Latest high end chipset support all

LTE bands

– 700MHz to 2700MHz

› Multi mode/band devices

– 4+ WCDMA bands

– Apple iPhone 5S & 5C

› From 7 to 13 LTE bands

› 6 common LTE bands

Shape spectrum strategy toward global bands

Apple iPhone

5S & 5C

2600

1800

AWS

2100

700 US

800

700 APT

1900

FDD bands

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Spectrum re-farming GSM

HSPA

LTE

Step 1: Dual carrier HSPA

1800 900 2100

2600 800

Step 3: LTE coverage & capacity

2600

Step 4: LTE coverage & capacity

800 700

Step 2: LTE 1800 & HSPA 900

900

900

1800

1800

1800

2100

2100

2100

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Frequency ALLOCATION country: Germany

Not Assigned

832 842 852 862 MHz

800MHz FDD

(Upper band)

10 10 10

930.1 937.5 951.1 925.1 MHz

900MHz FDD

(Upper band)

5 7,4

935.1

2.4 5

944.9

6.2 4,4

955.5

3.8

959.3

.6

959.9

MHz

1800MHz FDD

(Upper band) 1805 1875.5

15*

1825.1 1847.5 1853.1

5*

1830.1

17.4 17.4 5

MHz

2100MHz FDD

(Upper band) 2110.3 2125.15

14.85

2144.95 2169.7

19.8 14.85

2159.8

10

MHz

2100MHz TDD

1900.1 1905.1 1915.1 1920.1

5 5

2010.5 2024.7

14.7 5 5

MHz

2600MHz FDD

(Upper band) 2620 2640 2660 2690

20 20 10 20

2670

MHz

2600MHz TDD 10

2570 2605 2610

25 5

2580

10

2620

2025

2025

2025

2016/

2025*

2016

2020

2020/

2025

5* +

Expire

5

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New momentum

Mainstream mobile allocations current assumption for sub 1 GHz bands

Europe, Middle

East & Africa

190 MHz 880 915 925 960 791 862

The 900 MHz band [B8] The CEPT 800 band [B20]

832 821 788 703

The APT700 band [B28]– Low Duplexer

2x30 MHz

US & Canada

160 MHz 824 849 869 894

The E850 Upper band [B26]

and the 850 MHz [B5] bands The band 700 MHz [B12,17,29,13,14]

716 746

768 798

699 729 777 787 756

758 728 718

SDL

814 859

APAC &

Latin America

>200 MHz 803 814/

824

844 859/

869 890

The E850 Lower / Upper [B27/26]

and the 850 MHz [B5] bands

889 915

935 960

The 900 MHz band [B8]

703

The APT700 band [B28]– Low & High Duplexer

2x45 MHz 852 807

788

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› To date, 27 countries have adopted the APT700

band.

› Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, Mexico and

Ecuador have licensed the APT700 band.

› Ecosystem of devices and first network deployments

expected in 2014.

› Excellent potential for global roaming.

› Momentum in ITU Region 1 for a combination of the

lower duplexer of the APT700 band with the

CEPT800 band, currently being deployed in Europe.

APT700 – Current update

The APT700 band brings significant economies of scale and capabilities to cost efficiently cover also rural areas

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Japan Licensed

Taiwan Licensed

New Zealand

Licensed Australia Licensed

Ecuador Licensed

Mexico Licensed

Europe, Middle East & Africa:

APT700 Lower Duplexer under

consideration

Licensed or intends to implement:

790 – 862 MHz band [3GPP Band 20]

US700 arrangement APT700 band plan [3GPP Band 28]

Unknown or spectrum band conditions under development

allocation status of the UHF band Current assumption, March 12, 2014

Chile Licensed

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Unknown or other spectrum arrangement

Embargo countries

LTE1800 – 120 commercial networks in 63 countries

Commercial service in the 1800 MHz band

Source: Ericsson, GSA

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Licensed according to ITU Recommendation and CEPT Decision

Licensed (now or within 12 months) in a TDD arrangement

Spectrum band conditions under development

Licensed and used by other technologies (for at least 2 years)

Intended structure of band according to ITU/CEPT and open for IMT technologies

Unknown

Embargo countries

allocation status of the 2.6 GHz band - Current assumption May 1, 2014

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LTE TDD and FDD Interworking

FDD / TDD advantage

› Mix and match available TDD / FDD spectrum

› Add TDD for capacity

› Load balance traffic across TDD and FDD cells

› FDD-FDD and TDD-FDD handoff work the same

LTE TDD and FDD perform as a unified network

Handoff to/from TDD cell

FDD Cell

Handoff to/from FDD cell FDD Cell

TDD Cell

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SPECTRUM FOR UNPAIRED USE

2300 2400 Operator A Operator B

Operator C

Operator D Operator E

the only major frequency band identified for IMT on a global basis, suggested for TDD only

specified by 3GPP (band 40) TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE

for optimization of service offerings using hotspot (non-contiguous) coverage with the option of adapt to local traffic

patterns, for city wide or area wide coverage

Unsynchronized Unsynchronized Unsynchronized Unsynchronized

2300 2400 Operator A Operator B Operator C Operator D

Operator E

Synchronized Synchronized Synchronized Synchronized

Unsynchronized

≥ 5 ≥ 5

≥ 5

≥ 5 ≥ 5

UE-UE UE-UE UE-UE UE-UE

UE-UE

Additional base station filtering will be needed

The band 2300 – 2400 MHz for LTE TDD

• examples of spectrum arrangements for unsynchronized and synchronized use

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Public | © Ericsson AB 2014 | 2014-05-18 | 36

LTE CA 700 MHz and 1.4 GHz

Additional aggregated unpaired

spectrum

5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz or 20 MHz

channel blocks

Using higher RF power in the band

1.4 GHz

Aggregate unpaired carriers in the band 1452 – 1492 MHz with carriers in the band 700 MHz

FDD to provide more downlink capacity and higher data throughput using SDL across the

coverage area of the band 700 MHz

1452 MHz 1492 MHz 700 MHz

SDL

Closing the digital divide between

remote and built up areas

• combining 700 MHz/1.4 GHz

• higher RF power in 1.4 GHz

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Source: Plum Consulting. Assessment as of June 2011

1.4 GHz band – potential availability

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Unlicensed

Dedicated to Wi-Fi

>500 MHz today

- Efficient for indoor / controlled environments and short

ranges

- Unpredictable quality of service

- Reliable at low load, unreliable at high load

Spectrum usage Principles

Licensed Dedicated

Mainstream approach for MBB

350 MHz now, need 1500-2000 MHz

- Efficient for large area and population coverage

- Predictable quality of service

- Reliable at high load at all times

- Affordable, economies of scale, high valuations

Licensed Shared Access

Complementary for MBB

- Fast unlocking of mobile spectrum

- Either-or usage between incumbent and licensee

- Predictable quality of service

- Protects incumbent, lends investment security

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› For harmonized mobile spectrum

– low or localized utilization

– not obtainable in reasonable time due to incumbent use

(military, radar, satellite)

– use existing mobile eco-system

› Examples

– 2.3-2.4 GHz in Europe, 3GPP band 40

– 3.5 GHz in US

› Incumbent protection

– single sharing user, either/or usage

– reliable enforcement of conditions

– higher frequency facilitates sharing

Licensed shared Access Unlocking mobile spectrum

Paris Strasbourg

Lille

Brest

Nantes

Bordeaux

Toulouse

Marseille

Lyon

Incumbent military

telemetry, 2.3-2.4 GHz

Example usage shown

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2014-09-05

Network sharing 3G licensing in Sweden year 2000

› Extensive deployment of 3G

› 3G population coverage 99.59%

› Geographical coverage ~50%

› 3G operators have more than fulfilled license requirements of

minimum 30% population coverage (major metros) with own

network and 70% population coverage (rural) that could be shared,

including spectrum pooling.

› Passive and active network sharing is allowed for up to 70%

population coverage

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CAPITALS

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Carrier aggregation

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Carrier Aggregation

› Improved frequency efficiency and usage – multiple carriers operating in parallel

Frequency band A Frequency band B

Intra-band aggregation,

contiguous component carriers


Intra-band aggregation,

non-contiguous component carriers


Inter-band aggregation

› Mitigating and exploiting nationally fragmented spectrum arrangements – to provide higher bandwidth and higher data rates

Slide title

44 pt


minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt





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Carrier aggregation of LTE FDD and TDD

› 3GPP is currently working on Carrier Aggregation, CA, of LTE FDD and TDD

component carriers.

› From an Ericsson perspective at least B1 + B41 is planned to be finalized within

3GPP Release 12 this year.

› The combinations B8 + B40, B3 + B40 and B1 + B42 are then planned to follow.

› Devices can normally be expected within 12-18 months after completion of the

3GPP specifications pending market demand.

Slide title

44 pt


minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt





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Latin America

Base: 850 & 1900

New: AWS & 2600

2014+: APT700 MEA

Base: 2100

New: 900, 1800 & 2600

2014+: CEPT800 & APT700

APAC

Base: 2100, 900 & 850

New: 1800, 2300 & 2600

2014+: APT700

Japan

Base: 2100, 1800, 850

New: 1500, 900 & 2600

2014+: APT700 & 3500

Europa

Base: 2100 & 900

New: 2600, 1800 & CEPT800

2014+: 1400, 2300 & 3500

North America

Base: 850, 1900, US700 & AWS

New: 2600

2014+: 600 & 3500

spectrum for mobile broadband - Regional mainstream hspa & lte deployments

Opportunity for lte TDD in the 2300 & 2600 MHz bands – same FDD/TDD equipment

Slide title

44 pt


minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt





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Mobile Broadband TECHNOLOGY

flexible in the spectrum and access domains

several access schemes

(FDD, TDD, or DL only)

different functionalities, such as voice, data,

broadcasting (TV and Radio), ENG/OB, positioning,

location, PPDR

spectrum in the range 400 MHz – 3.8 GHz, using

different bandwidths and aggregation

Slide title

44 pt


minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt






area


The technology evolution

GSM HSPA LTE LTE-Advanced Future access systems

cdma Wi-Fi

Complementing

new RAT(s)

Advanced

applications

100 Mbps (peak) 1 Gbps (peak) Multi-gigabit

Now > 2015 >2022

WRC-07 WRC-15 WRC-18/19

1280-1720 MHz 1340-1960 MHz Multi-GHz

Slide title

44 pt


minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt





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mobile broadband lte & hspa technologies and spectrum · › lte is now growing strongly, with...

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