mobilization on the home front - 25.1

7/31/2019 Mobilization on the Home Front - 25.1

1/17

Mobilizationon the

Home Front

Chapter 25.1


2/17

Selective Service and theGI

5 Million Americans

volunteered to serve.

10 Million more were

drafted through theSelective Service Act

GI Government Issue

First used to describeweapons, clothing, etc. and

later used to describe

soldiers.


3/17

Women join the Effort

Womens Auxiliary Army Corps(WAAC) Gen Marshall pushed for the creation of

the WAAC

Congress opposed! Who will do the cooking, the washing,

and the mending?

Silliest piece of legislation he had everseen

Think of the humiliation. What hasbecome of the manhood of America,that we have to call on our women todo what has ever been the duty ofmen?


4/17

Women join the Effort

13,000 womenapplied on the firstday applications

were available. 250,000 women

served in this and

other auxiliarybranches during thewar.


5/17

Minorities Join the Effort

Why fight for

democracy for some

foreign country

when we dont evenhave it here?

African American

Editorial

Just carve on my

tombstone, Here lies a

black man killed fighting

a yellow man for theprotection of a white

man.


6/17

Minorities Join the Effort

Minorities realized that things might be

bad now, but how much worse might they

be under a fascist government?

More than a million African-Americans

served during WWII.

They were in segregated units and limited to

mostly non-combat roles.

25,000 Native Americans joined the services,

including 800 women.


7/17

Life on the Home Front

Factories transitioned frommaking consumer goods to

making war materials

overnight.

Car plans built tanks andairplanes

Pencil factories made bomb

parts

Soft-drink companiesstopped filling bottles with

coke and started filling

bombs with gun powder.


8/17

The Sleeping Giant isAwoken

Prefabricated parts

make the

construction of

ships fast!

1 Liberty Ship took

4 days to construct


9/17

Labor Effort

Out of the 18million workers in

war industries, 6

million werewomen.

Women got paid

40% less than men

in the same jobs.

2 Million were

African-Americans


10/17

Roosevelt Backs Down

A. Philip Randolph, aleading African-

American labor leader

organized a march onWashington to protest

discrimination in war

industries.

We loyal Colored

Americans demand

the right to work and

fight for our country.


11/17

Mobilization of Scientists

Office of Scientific

Research and

Development

(OSRD)

Penicillin


12/17

The Manhattan Project

National Committee

on Uranium

Einstein 3-5 years

to produce an

atomic bomb.

Offices were

located in NYC


13/17

Internment of JapaneseAmericans

Presidential Order

9066: All persons of

Japanese ancestry

must be relocatedto US Internment

Camps throughout

the US.


14/17

Internment of JapaneseAmericans

Nisei Japanese

born American

citizens

110,000 were

ordered to be

interned.

Th G t T k C t l f th E


15/17

The Government Takes Control of the Economy

Agencies and Laws What the Regulations Did

National War Labor Board (NWLB) Limited wage increasesAllowed negotiated benefits such as paid vacations,

pensions, and medical insurance.Kept unions stable by forbidding workers to changeunions.

Office of Price Administration (OPA) Fought inflation by freezing wages, prices, and rents.Rationed foods such as meat, butter, cheese, vegetables,sugar, and coffee.

War Production Board (WPB) Rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort such asgasoline, heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastics.

Department of the Treasury Issued war bonds to raise money for the war effort and tofight inflation.

Revenue Act of 1942 Raised the top personal-income-tax rate to 90%Added lower- and middle-income Americans to theincome tax rolls.

Smith-Connally Labor Disputes Act (1943) Limited the right to strike in industries crucial to the wareffort.

Gave the president power to take over striking plants.


16/17

Economic Controls

Inflation had

skyrocketed during

WWI.

WWI inflation was

around 60%

Inflation during

WWII was around

30%


17/17

Economic Controls

Rationing fixed

allotments of goods

deemed essential

for the military.

mobilization on the home front - 25.1

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