CHEMISTRY

• MODULE ONE- composition, structure, and behavior of matter.

• Chemistry is the science that investigates and explains the structure and properties of matter.

Composition, Structure, and Behavior

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• Matter is the stuff that’s all around you: the metal and plastic of a telephone, the paper and ink of a book, the glass and liquid of a bottle of soda, the air you breathe, and the materials that make up your body.

• A more formal definition of matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.

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• Mass is the measure of the amount of matter that an object contains.

Composition, Structure, and Behavior

• The structure of matter refers to its composition—what matter is made of—as well as how matter is organized.

• The properties of matter describe the characteristics and behavior of matter, including the changes that matter undergoes.

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• Matter that is large enough to be seen is called macroscopic, so all of your observations in chemistry, and everywhere else, start from this perspective.

Macroscopic View of Matter

• You may get hints of the actual structure from a macroscopic view. You must go to a submicroscopic perspective to understand how the hidden structure of matter influences its behavior.

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• The submicroscopic view gives you a glimpse into the world of atoms.

Submicroscopic View of Matter

• It is a world so small that you cannot see it even with the most powerful microscope, hence the term submicroscopic.

• Microscopic: where does that fit?

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Using Models in Chemistry

• Sucrose and aspirin are both composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, but they have different behaviors and functions.

• These differences must come about because of differences in the submicroscopic arrangement of their atoms.

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aspirin sucrose

Comparing the Structures of Aspirin and Sucrose

• The different submicroscopic arrangements of the atoms in aspirin and sucrose cause the differences in their behavior.

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Using Models in Chemistry 1 1

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• A scientific model is a thinking device that helps you understand and explain macroscopic observations. You are going to build a model of biodiesel and petro-diesel and other molecules.

• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of eachsubstance is not changed.

• Unlike pure substances, mixtures do not have specific compositions.

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Pure substance or a mixture?

• A physical change is a change in matter that does not involve a change in the chemical identity of individual substances.

• Examples of physical changes include:

• boiling,

• freezing,

• melting,

• evaporating,

• dissolving,

• and crystallizing.

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Pure substance or a mixture?

• Examples of the physical properties of a chunk of matter include its:• solubility,• melting point,• boiling point,• color,• density,• electrical conductivity,• and physical state (solid, liquid, or gas).

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Pure substance or a mixture?

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Pure substance or a mixture?

CHEMISTRY

• END OF MODULE 1

• TAKE TEST ON MODULE 1

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