Speculation Test 1

Tapescript for

TYKE

Test Your Knowledge of English

by Andrew James Harvey and Zoltn Huba

Part II.

Modal Verbs

Speculation Test 11. Tom bizonyra sokat jr moziba.

2. Kizrt dolog, hogy boldog volt.

3. Lehet, hogy egy motor olcs, de nagyon veszlyes.

4. Ha nincs az irodjban, akkor nyilvn otthon dolgozik.

5. Nem lthattad t a kocsmban, hiszen egy decens n.6. Lehet, hogy borotvlkozik, de az is lehet, hogy a hajt vgja.7. Hallanotok kellett, ahogy kiablok.8. Bizonyra megint diszkban van.

9. Ki van zrva, hogy ns. Nincsenek rncai.10. ezt nem mondhatta.11. Nyilvn sok befolysos bartja van.12. Lehet, hogy pp a tengerben szklnak.13. Nem lehet rendr, hiszen zld a sapkja.14. Biztos, most is pp isznak.15. Lehet, hogy mg nem rkezett meg.Keys to Speculation Test 1

1. Tom must go to the cinema a lot.

2. He cant have been happy.

3. A motorcycle may be cheap, but its very dangerous.

4. If hes not in his office, then he must be working at home.

5. You cant have seen her at the pub, because shes a decent woman.

6. He may be shaving, but he might be cutting his hair.

7. You must have heard me shouting.

8. He must be at the disco again.

9. He cant be married. He hasnt got any wrinkles.

10. He cant have said that.

11. He must have a lot of influential friends.

12. They may be swimming in the sea right now.

13. He cant possibly be a policeman because his hats green.

14. They must be drinking again.

15. It may not have arrived yet.

Speculation Test 2

1. Nem lehettek ott.

2. Nyilvn a moziban volt.

3. Lehet, hogy pp TV-t nz.

4. Lehet, hogy egyedl tette, de az is lehet, hogy valaki segtette.

5. Biztos, hogy nincs autja, hiszen nem tud vezetni.

6. Lehetetlen, hogy fltkeny.

7. Bizonyra, hazamentek.

8. Lehet, hogy elraboltk.

9. Taln pp aludt, amikor hazartl.

10. Nyilvn, tvedsz.

11. Nem lthattad t, hiszen el sem ment a buliba.

12. Lehet, hogy jtszanak valamit.

13. Nem felejthetted el a szletsnapomat.

14. Lehet, hogy megette, de nem hiszem.

15. Nyilvn, megharapta egy kutya.

16. Biztos, hogy nem vett egy j rt, mivel a rgi nagyon j llapotban van.

17. Lehet, hogy tanul, de az is lehet, hogy alszik.

18. Biztos, hogy nem gitrozott.Keys to Speculation Test 2

1. They cant have been there.

2. He must have been at the cinema.

3. He might be watching TV.

4. He may have done it alone, but someone might have helped him.

5. He cant possibly have a car because he cant drive.

6. She cant be jealous.

7. They must have gone home.

8. She may have been kidnapped.

9. He may have been sleeping when you got home.

10. You must be wrong.

11. You cant have seen her because she didnt even go to the party.

12. They might be playing something.

13. You cant have forgotten my birthday.

14. He may have eaten it, but I dont think he did.

15. He must have been bitten by a dog.

16. He cant have bought a new watch because his old ones in very good condition.

17. He may be learning, but he might be sleeping.

18. He cant have been playing the guitar.

Can, Could and Be Able To

1. Meg tudja ezt javtani nekem?

2. Ngyves kora ta tud olvasni.

3. Meg fog tudni brkzni a munkval?

4. Harmadszorra ment vizsgzni autvezetsbl, de mg most sem ment t.

5. Hogy teheti ezt velem?

6. Soha nem volt kpes beismerni a hibit.

7. A nagyapm nem tudott szni.

8. Valaha nagyon jl tudtam focizni.

9. Ltsz engem?

10. Elfelejtettem elhozni a fnykpezgpem, ezrt nem tudlak lefnykpezni.

11. Ezt ksbb is megbeszlhetjk.

12. Nem tudok nemet mondani.

13. Tudsz egyszerre olvasni s TV-t nzni?

14. Bocsnat, de egyszeren nem voltam kpes telefonlni tegnap.

15. Mita tud vezetni a lnyod?

16. Szeretnk tudni legalbb ngy nyelven beszlni.

17. Remlem, fogsz tudni segteni.

18. Ez minden, amit mondani tudsz?

Keys to Can, Could and Be Able To

1. Can you repair this for me?

2. Hes been able to read since he was four years old.

3. Will she be able to cope with the work?

4. He took his driving test for the third time, but he still couldnt pass it.

5. How can she do this to me?

6. Hes never been able to admit to his mistakes.

7. My grandfather couldnt swim.

8. I used to be able to play football very well.

9. Can you see me?

10. Ive forgotten to bring my camera, thats why Im not able to take any pictures of you.

11. We can talk about that later.

12. I cant say no.

13. Can you read and watch TV at the same time?

14. Im sorry, but I just wasnt able to phone you yesterday.

15. How long has your daughter been able to drive?

16. Id like to be able to speak at least four languages.

17. I hope youll be able to help me.

18. Is that all you can say?

Would Rather, Had Better, Prefer and Its Time

1. Ezt inkbb egyedl csinlnm.2. Ugye jobb, ha felszllunk erre a buszra?

3. Jobban szeretem Beethovent Wagnernl.

4. Nem lenne jobb, ha most rgtn felhvnd?

5. Szvesebben eszem otthon, mint tteremben.

6. Inkbb nem mennk gyalog.

7. Jobb, ha nem mondasz neki semmit.

8. Te inkbb gyere velem.

9. Jobban szereti a cigit a szivarnl.

10. Itt az ideje ebdelni.

11. Jobban szeret egyedl lenni, mint idegenekkel beszlgetni.

12. Inkbb ne igyl tbbet.13. Inkbb egy vgjtkot nznl meg a TV-ben, mint egy dokumentumfilmet?

14. Jobb, ha most elmegynk.

15. Legfbb ideje, hogy szrevedd, nem vagy elgg okos.

16. Jobb, ha nem ksel el.

17. Inkbb lennk jsgr, mint politikus.

18. Jobban szeretnk inni, mint enni.

19. Nem tudom, hogy mit akarsz, de jobb, ha valaki mst krsz meg.

20. Itt az ideje, hogy hazamenjnk.Keys to Would Rather, Had Better, Prefer and Its Time

1. Id rather do this alone.

2. Wed better get on this bus, hadnt we?

3. I prefer Beethoven to Wagner.

4. Hadnt you better call her right now?

5. I prefer eating at home to eating out.

6. Id rather not walk.

7. Youd better not say anything to him.

8. Id rather you came with me.

9. He prefers cigarettes to cigars.

10. Its time to have lunch.

11. He prefers being on his own to talking to strangers.

12. Id rather you didnt have any more to drink.

13. Would you rather watch a comedy on TV than a documentary?

14. Wed better leave now.

15. Its high time you realised youre not smart enough.

16. Youd better not be late.

17. Id rather be a journalist than a politician.

18. We prefer drinking to eating.

19. I dont know what you want, but youd better ask someone else.

20. Its time we went home.

Modal Verbs Test 1

1. Tz ve nem tud jrni.

2. Nem lett volna szabad megkrned, hogy azt tegye.

3. Egy karosszkben kellett aludnom.

4. Bizonyra srgs volt.

5. Jobban tennd, ha nem innl tbbet.

6. Inkbb a gp htuljba lnk.

7. Lehet, hogy egyedl ment oda.

8. Tegnap este otthon maradtam s TV-t nztem. Helyette moziba is mehettem volna.

9. Nem szabad elksned a munkahelyedrl.

10. Inkbb nem mennk el a futballmeccsre.

11. Felvennd a telefont?

12. Valaha tbbet tudtam inni.

13. Nem lehetett ott. Mr t rja itt van.

14. Biztos, hogy nem ment el Jackhez.

15. Trelmesebbnek kellett volna lenned.

16. Lehet, hogy csrgkgyt ltott.

17. Biztos, hogy reggeliztek.

18. Megtennl egy szvessget?

19. Tz font bntetst kell majd fizetnie.

20. Teniszezhettem volna, de gy dntttem, helyette elmegyek stlni.21. Nem kellett volna meghvnod. Mindenki gy gondolja, egy kteked ember.22. Nem kellett volna idejnnd. Egyedl is meg tudom csinlni.

23. Ha nem zavarja, jobban rlnk, ha inkbb nem dohnyozna.

24. Jobb, ha most hazamsz, mieltt mg elered az es.

25. Szeretnk jobban tudni fzni.Keys to Modal Verbs Test 1

1. He hasnt been able to walk for ten years.

2. You shouldnt have asked her to do that.

3. I had to sleep in an armchair.

4. It must have been urgent.

5. Youd better not have any more to drink.

6. Id rather sit at the back of the plane.

7. He may have gone there alone.

8. Last night I stayed at home and watched TV. I could have gone to the cinema instead.

9. You mustnt be late for work.

10. Id rather not go to the football match.

11. Will you answer the phone, please?

12. I used to be able to drink more.

13. She cant have been there. Shes been here for five hours.

14. She cant have gone to Jacks.

15. You should have been more patient.

16. He might have seen a rattlesnake.

17. They must have had breakfast.

18. Could you do me a favour?

19. You will have to pay a 10 fine.

20. I could have played tennis, but I decided to go for a walk instead.

21. You shouldnt have invited him. Everybody thinks hes a bully.

22. You neednt have come here. I can do it on my own.

23. Id rather you didnt smoke, if you dont mind.

24. Youd better go home now before the rain starts.

25. Id like to be able to cook better.

Modal Verbs Test 2

1. Nagyon jl nz ki az a cip. Bizonyra drga volt.

2. Nem lenne jobb, ha vrnl holnaputnig?

3. Lehet, hogy holnap vissza kell jnnnk.

4. Ezt nem kellett volna mondanod.

5. Mita tud teniszezni a btyd?

6. Inkbb lennk focista, mint teniszez.

7. Akr itthon is maradhatunk.

8. Nem lehettek ott tegnap. Mr egy hete Grgorszgban nyaralnak.

9. Tbbet kellene szrakoznod.

10. Itt nem szabad elzni.

11. Nyilvn lenyomtam az bresztrt s visszaaludtam.

12. Inkbb nem vlaszolok erre a krdsre.

13. Nem kellett volna lecserlned a pelenkjt. Megint sszekaklta magt.

14. Lehet, hogy TV-t nznek, de az is lehet, hogy alszanak.

15. Kellett neked mr valaha is gyerekre vigyznod?

16. Tegnap moziba mehettem volna, de gy dntttem, hogy helyette lemegyek a kocsmba.17. Valaha egyltaln nem tudott fzni.

18. Inkbb ne segts.19. Mit gondolsz, mit tegyek?

20. Jobb, ha ezt titokban tartod.

21. Nem kell maradnod.

22. Lehet, hogy nem volt elg ideje, hogy megtegye.

23. Hasznlhatnm a telefonjt?

24. Nem kellett volna odakinn vrakoznod.

25. Gyakrabban kellene megltogatnod a nagymamdat.Keys to Modal Verbs Test 2

1. Those shoes look very nice. They must have been expensive.

2. Hadnt you better wait until the day after tomorrow?

3. We may have to come back tomorrow.

4. You shouldnt have said that.

5. How long has your brother been able to play tennis?

6. Id rather be a footballer than a tennis player.

7. We might as well stay at home.

8. They cant have been there yesterday. Theyve been in Greece on holiday for a week.

9. You should go out more.

10. You mustnt overtake here.

11. I must have turned the alarm clock off and gone back to sleep again.

12. Id rather not answer that question.

13. You shouldnt have changed her nappy. Shes messed her pants again.

14. They may be watching TV, but they might be sleeping.

15. Have you ever had to look after a child?

16. Yesterday I could have gone to the cinema, but I decided to go down the pub instead.

17. She didnt use to be able to cook at all.

18. Id rather you didnt help me.

19. What do you think I should do?

20. Youd better keep it secret.

21. You dont have to stay.

22. He may not have had enough time to do it.

23. Could I use your phone?

24. You neednt have waited out there.

25. You ought to visit your grandmother more often.

Modal Verbs Test 3

1. Mr kt hete nem tudok jl aludni.

2. Bszknek kellene lenned.

3. Fiatalabb koromban jobban tudtam szni, mint most.

4. Biztosan nagyon fradtak voltak.

5. Akr taxival is mehetnnk.

6. Htvgenknt nem kell dolgoznia.

7. Nem szabad ksnnk.

8. Biztos, hogy mg nem alszanak. Mg csak nyolc ra van.

9. Msnapos vagyok.

Nem kellett volna annyit innod tegnap.10. Kellett neki mr valaha is t eltt kelnie?

11. Lehet, hogy pp nem volt otthon.

12. Inkbb egyedl mennk.

13. Nem kell sietnnk. Sok idnk van.

14. Tudsz majd segteni a htvgn?

15. Jobb, ha nem dhted fel.

16. Mit javasolsz, hov menjnk?17. Tegnap teniszezhettem volna, de egy kicsit fjt a lbam, ezrt otthon maradtam.

18. Muszj megnzned ezt a filmet. Lenygz.

19. Nem kellett volna fznd. Egyltaln nem vagyok hes.

20. Megmutatnd, hogyan kell hasznlni?

21. Inkbb menj a tbbiekkel.

22. Taln elvesztette a cmedet.

23. Mlt ht pnteken nem kellett dolgozni mennem.

24. Nem lett volna szabad megennem azt a lazacot.

25. Nem lenne jobb, ha lefekdne az gyra?Keys to Modal Verbs Test 3

1. I havent been able to sleep well for two weeks.

2. You should be proud.

3. When I was younger I could swim better than I can now.

4. They must have been very tired.

5. We might as well take a taxi.

6. He doesnt have to work at weekends.

7. We mustnt be late.

8. They cant be asleep. Its only eight oclock.

9. I have a hangover.

You shouldnt have drunk so much yesterday then.

10. Has he ever had to get up before five?

11. He may not have been at home.

12. Id rather go alone.

13. We neednt hurry. Weve got plenty of time.

14. Will you be able to help me at the weekend?

15. Youd better not make him angry.

16. Where do you suggest we should go?

17. I could have played tennis yesterday, but my feet hurt a bit so I stayed at home.

18. You must see this film. Its fascinating.

19. You neednt have cooked. Im not at all hungry.

20. Will you show me how to use it?

21. Id rather you went with the others.

22. She might have lost your address.

23. I didnt have to go to work last Friday.

24. I shouldnt have had that salmon.

25. Hadnt she better lie down on the bed?

Modal Verbs Test 4

1. Focizhattam volna a htvgn, de gy dntttem, otthon maradok a csaldommal.

2. Krdezhetek valamit?

3. Muszj elmeslnem, mit lmodtam mlt jjel.

4. Otthon kne mr lennik.

5. Nem szksges megenned.

6. Lehet, hogy mg nem rkeztek meg.

7. Felvennd a telefont?

8. Inkbb ne segts ebben.

9. Biztos, megint teniszeznek.

10. Nem kellett volna lefestened a kertst. Tavaly magam festettem le.

11. Remek a buli. Jl kne rezned magad.12. Hov menjnk nyaralni?

13. Jobb, ha nem rsz hozz.

14. Nem kellett volna bankot rabolniuk. Most nem lennnek brtnben.

15. Kellett dolgoznotok a mlt htvgn?

16. A lnyom mr kt hnapja tud jrni.

17. Biztos, hogy mg nem rkeztek meg. Nem ltom az autjukat.

18. Mg soha nem kellett orvoshoz mennie.

19. Inkbb az Arsenal-nak drukkolnl, mint a Birmingham City-nek?20. Akr haza is mehetnk.

21. Nem kellett volna tteremben enned. Sok ennival van itthon.

22. Szeretnk tudni annyira angolul, mint n, Mr Harvey.

23. Lehet, hogy otthon nzi a TV-t.

24. Nagyon fradt voltam. Egy htig is tudtam volna aludni.

25. Nem szabad megprblnod befolysolni a dntsket.Keys to Modal Verbs Test 4

1. I could have played football last weekend, but I decided to stay at home with my family.

2. Can I ask you something?

3. I must tell you about the dream I had last night.

4. They should be at home by now.

5. You neednt eat it.

6. They may not have arrived yet.

7. Will you answer the phone?

8. Id rather you didnt help me with this.

9. They must be playing tennis again.

10. You neednt have painted the fence. I painted it myself last year.

11. The partys great. You ought to be having fun.

12. Where shall we go on holiday?

13. Youd better not touch that.

14. They shouldnt have robbed a bank. They wouldnt be in prison now.

15. Did you have to work last weekend?

16. My daughters been able to walk for two months.

17. They cant have arrived yet. I cant see their car.

18. Hes never had to see a doctor.

19. Would you rather support Arsenal than Birmingham City?

20. We may as well go home.

21. You neednt have eaten out. Theres plenty of food at home.

22. Id like to be able to speak English as well as you can, Mr Harvey.

23. He may be watching TV at home.

24. I was so tired. I could have slept for a week.

25. You mustnt try to influence their decision.MODAL VERBS

PROBLEM POINTS

1. CAN/COULD/BE ABLE TOI can swim.I cant swim.

BUT

Im not able to swim because Ive broken my leg.

Im 35 years old. I can swim. I could swim when I was five.

BUTI have been able to swim for 30 years. I have been able to swim since I was five.

How long has she been able to walk?

He wont be able to come with us.

If you want to become a manager, you must be able to speak English.

He hasnt been able to pass the driving test so far.

2. SHOULD/OUGHT TO/HAD BETTER/WOULD RATHERI

You

Heshould/shouldnt/ought to/oughtnt to/

doShewould rather/would rather not/had better/had better not

be doingWe

They

I

You

Heshould/shouldnt/ought to/oughtnt to/

have doneShe

have been doingWe

They

Id rather go alone.

Id rather not answer that.

!!! I would rather you didnt help me.

Would you rather see a comedy than a documentary on TV? Youd better believe it.

Youd better not do that again.

Hadnt we better leave now?

You should have woken me up.

We ought to give an answer.

You ought to be having fun.

You shouldnt work so much.

I ought to have sent her a Christmas card.

3. MUST/MUSTNT /HAVE TO/ NEED TO/NEEDNT/SHOULDNTI must get up early.

ORI have to get up early.

BUT

I had to get up early. (past)

Ill have to get up early. (future)

Ive never had to get up early. (perfect)

I mustnt work.

BUTI dont have to work. = I neednt work. = I dont

need to work.

I neednt work.

BUTI shouldnt work.

(nem szksges)

(nem kne, nem volna szabad, nem tancsos)

I neednt have worked.BUTI shouldnt have worked.(nem kellett volna

(nem kellett volna, nem lett volna szabad

Megtettem, de nem

Megtettem, de ez gy rossz volt.)

volt r szksg.)

I neednt have worked.BUTI didnt need to work.(nem kellett volna

(nem kellett

Megtettem, de nem

Lehet, hogy dolgoztam, lehet, hogy nem.

volt r szksg.)

Nem tudjuk.) You neednt worry about me.

You neednt have waited out there.

You neednt go if you dont want to.

I dont need to introduce myself.

You shouldnt have come here.

We didnt need to do the shopping.

We didnt have to do the shopping.

Have you ever had to work overtime?

You mustnt turn left here.

You must see that film.

You should see that film.

You should have seen that film.

We shouldnt have seen that film.

You neednt have phoned.

I neednt have stayed at home.

I didnt need to stay at home.

I shouldnt have stayed at home.

I must stay at home.

I had to stay at home.

I should stay at home.

I mustnt stay at home.

I shouldnt stay at home.

I dont have to stay at home.

4. SPECULATION

I

must (bizonyra, biztos, nyilvn)You

He

may (lehet, hogy..., taln)

do

She

might

be doingIt

could

have doneWe

have been doing

They

cant(biztos, hogy nem, nyilvn nem, lehetetlen)

(couldnt)

a. Csak itt a must ellentte a cant (couldnt)Pl.: He must be tired.

He cant (couldn) be tired

(Bizonyra fradt.)

(Bizonyra nem fradt.)

b. A can segdige kikvetkeztetsben nem hasznlatos. Ebben a szerkezetben a couldnt nem mlt ideje a cant-nak.

c. may = might = could BUT may not = might not could not = cant

Pl.:He may have been there. = He might have been there. = He could have been there.

Lehet, hogy ott volt.

BUT

He may not have been there. = He might not have been there.

Lehet, hogy nem volt ott.

He couldnt (cant) have been there.

(Biztos, hogy nem volt ott.)

Lehet, hogy nem...

Nem lehet, hogy...=Lehetetlen, hogy...

(may not/might not)

(cant/couldnt)

5. COULD HAVE DONE

He could have gone to the party (but he didnt).=He was invited, he had

the opportunity, but decided not to go.

He could have gone to the party. (speculation)

=Perhaps he went to the

party, perhaps he didnt.

He could have gone to the party. (conditional)

=He would have been

able to go to the party (if he had had more time).20