The oldest eukaryotic organisms are considered to be

A. diplomonads like Giardia

B. archaea

C. fungi

D. animals

The individual best remembered for bringing microbes to the world is

A. Robert Hooke

B. Antony Van Leeuenhoek

C. Robert Koch

D. Masaki Ogata

Micro organisms are found in which of the following kingdom of five kingdom concept (Whittaker's classification)?

A. Monera

B. Protista

C. Fungi

D. All of these

The common word for bacteria which are spherical in shape is

A. cocci B. bacilli

C. spirilla D. pleomorphic

Single or clusters of flagella at both poles is known as

A. monotrichous

B. petritrichous

C. amphitrichous

D. none of these

In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is

A. oxygen B. nitrogen

C. hydrogen D. nitrate

Catalase production is negative in which of the following?

A. Streptococcus

B. Salmonella

C. Proteus

D. Staphylococcus

Which of the following is a substitute for crystal violet used in gram-staining procedure?

A. Methylene blue

B. Bromocresol green

C. Safranin

D. Phenolpthalene

Which of the following shows a positive urease test?

A). Proteus B). Klebsiella C). (a) and (b) D). None of these

The process of Gram staining is based on the ability of bacterial cell wall

A. to retain the safranin dye

B. to retain the crystal violet dye during solvent treatment.

C. to retain part of both dyes

D. none of above

The organism which grows best above 45°C are called

A. psychrophilic

B. mesosphilic

C. thermophilic

D. any of these

Lag phase is also known as

A. period of initial adjustment

B. transitional period

C. generation time

D. none of these

The growth is normally expressed as __________ in turbidimetric measurement

A. cells per ml

B. cfu/ml

C. optical density

D. mg N2 /ml

The straightforward method of binary fission explains how bacteria

A. grow in nutrient agar

B. evolve

C. move

D. reproduce

Generation time is

A. time required for the population to double

B. time required for the initial adjustment

C. obtained by expression t/n, where t = time interval, n = number of generation

D. both (a) and (c)

Oxidation of which substance in the body

yields the most calories

(A) Glucose (B) Glycogen

(C) Protein (D) Lipids

The degradative Processess are categorized

under the heading of

(A) Anabolism (B) Catabolism

(C) Metabolism (D) None of the above

11. The phenomenon of osmosis is opposite to that of

(A) Diffusion (B) Effusion (C) Affusion (D) Coagulation

A lipid bilayer is permeable to

(A) Urea (B) Fructose (C) Glucose (D) Potassium

The Golgi complex

(A) Synthesizes proteins (B) Produces ATP (C) Provides a pathway for transporting chemicals

(D) Forms glycoproteins

Fatty acids can be transported into and out of cell membrane by

(A) Active transport (B) Facilitated transport (C) Diffusion (D) Osmosis

The general formula of monosaccharides is

(A) CnH2nOn (B) C2nH2On (C) CnH2O2n (D) CnH2nO2n

Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

(A) Sucrose (B) Trehalose

(C) Isomaltose (D) Agar

The sugar found in DNA is (A) Xylose (B) Ribose

(B) Deoxyribose (D) Ribulose. The glycolysis is regulated by(A) Hexokinase (B) Phosphofructokinase(C) Pyruvate kinase (D) All of these

26. Cane sugar is known as

(A) Galactose (B) Sucrose (C) Fructose (D) Maltose

Which of the following is not reducing sugar?

(A) Lactose (B) Maltose (C) Sucrose (D) Fructose

28. The carbohydrate reserved in human body is

(B) (A) Starch (B) Glucose (C) Glycogen (D) Insulin

All proteins contain the

(A) few number of 20 amino acids (B) Different amino acids

(C) 300 Amino acids occurring in nature (D) Only a few amino acids

An aromatic amino acid is

(A) Lysine (B) Tyrosine (C) Taurine (D) Arginine

An example of polar amino acid is

(A) Alanine (B) Leucine (C) Arginine (D) Valine

Proteins are soluble in

(A) Anhydrous acetone(B) Aqueous alcohol (C) Anhydrous alcohol (D) Benzene

The protein present in hair is

(A) Keratin (B) Elastin (C) Myosin (D) Tropocollagen

Cell-mediated immunity is the function of

(A) B lymphocytes (B) T lymphocytes (C) Plasma cells (D) Basophils

Heavy chains in IgD are of following type:

(A) Alpha (B) Gamma (C) Delta (D) Epsilon

On exposure to any antigen, the first antibody to be formed is of the following class:

(A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgM (D) IgE

The most abundant T cells are

(A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Suppressor T cells (D) Memory T cells

MHC class I proteins are present on the surface of

(A) B cells only (B) T cells only (C) Macrophages only(D) All cells

MHC proteins are unique to

(A) Each cell (B) Each organ (C) Each individual (D) Each species

Human immunodeficiency virus destroys

(A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) B cells (D) Plasma cells

Active immunity can be produced by administration of

(A) Killed bacteria or viruses (B) Live attenuated bacteria or viruses

(C) Toxoids (D) All of these

Helper T cells release

(A) Interleukins (B) Colony stimulating factors (C) Tumour necrosis factor(D) All of these

1. An example of alleles is:a. AB and Tt. TT and Tt. T and t. X and Y.

44. Long radishes crossed with round radishes result in all oval radishes. This type of inheritance is:a. Multiple alleles. b. Complete dominance.c. Co-dominance.d. Incomplete dominance.

If two white sheep produce a black offspring, the parent’s genotypes for colour must be:a. Heterozygous.b. Homozygous white.c. Homozygous black.d. Not enough information was given.

e. Which blood type would not be possible for children of a type AB mother and a type A father?

a. O.b. A.c. B.d. AB.

f. Which of the following factors could lead to variations in the offspring of asexually reproducing organisms?

a. Crossing over. b. Fertilization.c. Mutations.d. Independent assortment.

48. Which statement concerning a pair of alleles for a gene controlling a single characteristic in humans is true?

A). Both genes come from the father.B). Both genes come from the mother.C). One gene comes from the mother and one gene comes from the father.D). The genes come randomly in pairs from either the mother or father.

2. Mendel discovered principles of inheritance because he:a. Observed simultaneously all of the many characteristics in which the parents

differed.b. Believed that the hereditary characteristics of two individuals became thoroughly

blended in the offspring.c. Ignored all characteristics except a few markedly contrasting ones in which he

studied.

d. Studied only the offspring obtained from a single mating.

50. Carriers of the colour-blindness trait include:

A).Men who are heterozygous for the trait.B).Men who are homozygous for the trait.C).Women who are heterozygous for the trait.D).Women who are homozygous for the trait.