model s owner's manual - tesla info · 2019-09-03 · model s vehicles are not equipped with...

MODEL S OWNER'S MANUAL

2019.16.1.1 May 16, 2019

Contents

Overview.............................................................2Interior Overview.........................................................................2Exterior Overview....................................................................... 3Touchscreen Overview..............................................................4

Opening and Closing..................................... 9Doors............................................................................................... 9Windows....................................................................................... 14Rear Trunk.................................................................................... 15Front Trunk.................................................................................. 18Interior Storage and Electronics........................................ 20Sunroof......................................................................................... 23

Seating and Safety Restraints..................24Front and Rear Seats.............................................................. 24Seat Belts.....................................................................................27Child Safety Seats....................................................................30Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats..............................37Airbags.......................................................................................... 41

Driving...............................................................45Driver Profiles............................................................................ 45Steering Wheel..........................................................................47Mirrors.......................................................................................... 50Starting and Powering Off.................................................... 52Gears............................................................................................. 54Lights.............................................................................................55Instrument Panel.......................................................................59Wipers and Washers............................................................... 65Brakes........................................................................................... 67Traction Control........................................................................ 70Park Assist....................................................................................71Vehicle Hold................................................................................73Acceleration Modes.................................................................74Active Hood................................................................................76Trip Information.........................................................................77Getting Maximum Range.......................................................78Rear View Camera................................................................... 80Dashcam....................................................................................... 81

Autopilot.......................................................... 82About Autopilot........................................................................82Traffic-Aware Cruise Control................................................85Autosteer......................................................................................91Autopark......................................................................................98Summon.....................................................................................100Lane Assist................................................................................ 102Collision Avoidance Assist.................................................. 104Speed Assist............................................................................. 107

Using the Touchscreen..............................109Controls...................................................................................... 109Climate Controls.......................................................................119Maps and Navigation............................................................. 125Media and Audio..................................................................... 130Phone...........................................................................................133Air Suspension......................................................................... 135Calendar......................................................................................137Security Settings..................................................................... 138HomeLink® Universal Transceiver......................................140Connecting to Wi-Fi.............................................................. 142Software Updates................................................................... 143Mobile App................................................................................144

Charging......................................................... 145Electric Vehicle Components............................................. 145Battery Information................................................................147Charging Instructions............................................................149

Maintenance.................................................. 155Maintenance Schedule.......................................................... 155Tire Care and Maintenance.................................................. 157Cleaning......................................................................................163Wiper Blades and Washer Jets......................................... 166Fluid Reservoirs....................................................................... 167Jacking and Lifting.................................................................170Parts and Accessories............................................................ 171

Specifications................................................172Identification Labels...............................................................172Vehicle Loading....................................................................... 173Dimensions and Weights......................................................175Subsystems................................................................................177Wheels and Tires.....................................................................180

Roadside Assistance.................................. 184Contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance...........................184Instructions for Transporters.............................................. 187

Consumer Information.............................. 190Easter Eggs............................................................................... 190About this Owner Information...........................................192Disclaimers................................................................................ 193Reporting Safety Defects.................................................... 194Declarations of Conformity.................................................195

Contents

Overview

Interior Overview

Note: On RHD (Right Hand Drive) vehicles, the controls illustrated above are arranged similarly,but are mirrored on the right side of the vehicle.

1. Interior door handles (Opening Doors from the Interior on page 11)2. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 85) and Autosteer

(Autosteer on page 91)3. High beams (High Beam Headlights on page 57), Turn signals (Turn Signals on page 58),

Wipers and washers (Wipers and Washers on page 65)4. Steering wheel buttons - left (Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page 47)5. Instrument panel (Instrument Panel on page 59)6. Steering wheel buttons - right (Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 48)7. Gear selector (Shifting Gears on page 54)8. Touchscreen (Touchscreen Overview on page 4)9. Glovebox button (Glove Box on page 20)10. Cabin climate control (Climate Controls on page 119)11. Power window switches (Opening and Closing on page 14)12. Exterior mirror adjustment switches (Mirrors on page 50)13. Seats (Front and Rear Seats on page 24)14. Steering column adjuster (hidden from view in the above image) (Steering Wheel on page

47)15. Horn (Horn on page 49)16. Brakes (Brakes on page 67)17. Accelerator pedal (Acceleration Modes on page 74)18. Hazard warning lights (Hazard Warning Flashers on page 58)19. Cup holders (Cup Holders on page 22)

Interior Overview

2 Model S Owner's Manual

Exterior Overview

1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 55)2. Door handles (Using Exterior Door Handles on page 11)3. Sunroof (optional) (Sunroof on page 23)4. Charge port (Charging Instructions on page 149)5. Autopilot cameras (About Autopilot on page 82)6. Exterior mirrors (Mirrors on page 50)7. Hood/Front trunk (Front Trunk on page 18)8. Radar sensor (hidden from view in the above image) (About Autopilot on page 82)9. Wheels and tires (Wheels and Tires on page 180)10. Rear view camera (Rear View Camera on page 80 and About Autopilot on page 82)11. Rear trunk/liftgate (Rear Trunk on page 15)12. Ultrasonic sensors (Park Assist on page 71 and About Autopilot on page 82)

Exterior Overview

Overview 3

Touchscreen Overview

The main components of the touchscreen are shown here. The touchscreen is used to controlmany features that, in traditional cars, are controlled using physical buttons (for example,adjusting the heating and air conditioning, headlights, etc.). You can also use the touchscreen tocustomize Model S to suit your preferences.

Warning: Always pay attention to road and traffic conditions when driving. To minimize driverdistraction and ensure the safety of vehicle occupants as well as other road users, avoid usingthe touchscreen to adjust settings while the vehicle is in motion.

Note: The image below is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version and market region, your touchscreen may appear slightly different.




Overview 5

1. This area on the top of the touchscreen displays the time and provides shortcut to lock/unlock the vehicle, access vehicle information (the Tesla "T"), choose to set up a driver profile(see Driver Profiles on page 45), control HomeLink devices (if equipped) (see HomeLinkUniversal Transceiver on page 140), view network strength, and connect to Wi-Fi (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 142) and Bluetooth devices (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone onpage 133). If you see an exclamation mark, touch it to see warning messages that are ineffect. If you see a yellow clock icon, a software update is available (see Software Updates onpage 143).

Note: An airbag status symbol displays in the top corner of the touchscreen only whenModel S is powered on, ready to drive, and the airbag is turned off (see Airbags on page 41).

2. Controls. Touch to control features and customize Model S to suit your preferences (see Controls on page 109).

3. Media Player. (see Media and Audio on page 130).



4. Touch the app launcher then choose from the following apps:

Calendar. See Calendar on page 137.

Energy. See Getting Maximum Range on page 78.

Web. Access the Internet using the web browser (if available).

Camera. Display the area behind Model S. This area also displaysautomatically whenever you shift into Reverse. See Rear View Camera onpage 80.

Call. See Phone on page 133.

Charging. See Charging Instructions on page 149.

Note: Swiping up on the app launcher displays the most recently used app (provided an appis not currently being displayed).

Note: Depending on the market region and vehicle options, your vehicle may not be equippedwith some features.

5. Climate Controls (see Climate Controls on page 119).6. Volume Control (see Volume Control on page 130).7. The map displays on the touchscreen at all times (see Maps and Navigation on page 125).

Note: When you touch Controls, choose an app, or expand Media Player, the window displayson top of the map. To close the Controls window, touch Controls again or touch the X in thetop corner of the window. To close an app, touch the X in the top corner of the window. Toclose Media Player, drag it all the way down to the bottom of the touchscreen or touch theicon again.


Overview 7

The Tesla "T"Touch the Tesla "T" at the top center of the touchscreen to display:

• Vehicle name (see Naming Your Vehicle on page 117).• Battery size.• Odometer.• Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).• Version of software currently installed on your Model S.• Release notes associated with the currently-installed software version.• This owner's manual.• One-touch access to call Tesla Customer Support and Roadside Assistance.• One-touch access to all discovered Easter Eggs (see Easter Eggs on page 190).



Opening and Closing

Doors

Keyless Locking and UnlockingLocking and unlocking Model S is convenient.Although you must be carrying a valid key,there is no need to use it. Model S has sensorsaround the driver's door that can recognizethe presence of a key within a range ofapproximately one meter. So, you can keepyour key in your pocket or purse and Model Sdetects it as you approach.

When you walk up to Model S carrying yourkey, the doors automatically unlock if PassiveEntry is on (Controls > Safety & Security >Passive Entry). If a door handle is retracted,press it and it extends. If the Auto-PresentHandles setting is turned on (see UsingExterior Door Handles on page 11), you donot need to touch the door handle. Instead,door handles extends automatically as youapproach Model S. To open the rear trunk,press the switch located under the trunk’sexterior handle.

Note: Model S must detect your key near thedriver's door before the doors or rear trunkunlock.

Note: If Passive Entry is off, you must use thekey to unlock Model S. See Using the Key onpage 9.

Note: You can choose whether you want alldoors, or just the driver's door, to unlock whenyou approach Model S carrying your key (see Door Unlock Mode on page 11).

When carrying your key with you, you can alsoopen the rear trunk without having to use thekey. Simply press the switch located under thetrunk’s exterior handle. Driver Door UnlockMode (see Door Unlock Mode on page 11)must be off and the vehicle must detect thekey near the driver's door before opening therear trunk.

Model S also locks automatically. If you enableWalk Away Door Lock, Model S locks whenyou walk away carrying your key with you (see Walk-Away Locking on page 12).

While sitting inside Model S, you can also lockand unlock the vehicle by touching the icon onthe touchscreen's status bar or by touchingControls > Quick Controls.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with theautomatic locking and unlocking feature.

Using the KeyTo quickly familiarize yourself with the key,think of the key as a miniature version ofModel S, with the Tesla badge representingthe front. The key has three buttons that feellike softer areas on the surface.

1. Trunk

• Double-click to open the rear trunk.• If equipped with a powered liftgate,

double-click to close the rear trunk.You can also single-click to stop theliftgate when it is moving.

• Hold the button down for one to twoseconds to open the charge port door.

2. Lock/Unlock All

• Single-click to lock doors and trunks(all doors and trunks must be closed).Hazard warning lights flash once anddoor handles retract. If a door or therear trunk is open, hazard warninglights flash three times and doors donot lock.

• Double-click to unlock. Hazardwarning lights flash twice and doorhandles extend. If a door or the reartrunk is open, hazard warning lightsflash three times and doors do notlock.

3. Front trunk

• Double-click to open the front trunk.

You do not need to point the key at Model S,but you must be within operating range(which varies depending on the strength ofthe key’s battery).

Doors

Opening and Closing 9

If Model S is unable to detect the key, thetouchscreen displays a message indicatingthat a key is not inside. Place the key whereModel S can best detect it, which is below the12V power socket (see Key Not Inside on page52).

Radio equipment on a similar frequency canaffect the key. If this happens, move the key atleast 30 cm away from other electronicdevices (phone, laptop, etc). If the key doesnot work, you may need to change its battery.If the key’s battery is discharged, you canopen Model S by following the unlockingprocedure (see Unlocking When the KeyDoesn't Work on page 12).

Caution: Remember to bring the key withyou when you drive. Although you candrive Model S away from its key, you willbe unable to power it back on after itpowers off.

Caution: Protect the key from impact,high temperatures, and damage fromliquids. Avoid contact with solvents,waxes and abrasive cleaners.

Replacing the Key Battery

The key’s battery lasts for approximately ayear. When the battery is low, a messagedisplays on the instrument panel. Follow thesesteps to replace it:

1. With the key placed button side down ona soft surface, use a small flat-bladed toolor fingernail to release the bottom cover.

2. Remove the battery by lifting it away fromthe front retaining clips.

3. Insert the new battery (type CR2032) withthe ‘+’ side facing up.

Note: CR2032 batteries can be purchasedthrough online retailers, localsupermarkets and drug stores.

Note: Wipe the battery clean before fittingand avoid touching the battery's flatsurfaces. Finger marks on the flat surfacesof the battery can reduce battery life.

4. Holding the cover at an angle, align thetabs on the widest side of the cover withthe corresponding slots on the key, thenpress the cover firmly onto the key until itsnaps into place.

Getting More Keys

If you lose a key or require an additional one,contact Tesla. Model S can recognize up tothree keys.

When ordering a new key for Model S, take allavailable keys with you for reprogramming.

Doors


Using Exterior Door HandlesA light press on a door handle extends it,provided Model S detects a valid key nearbyand Passive Entry is on (Controls > Safety &Security > Passive Entry).

You can set the door handles to extendautomatically whenever you approach thedriver’s side carrying the key. On thetouchscreen, touch Controls > Vehicle > Auto-Present Handles.

Insert your hand into the handle and pull toopen the door.

Door handles retract if you do not use themwithin one minute after they extend. Justpress a handle to extend it again. Doorhandles also retract a minute after the lastdoor closes, when Model S begins moving,and when you lock Model S.

Note: To preserve battery life, Model S isdesigned to temporarily disable the Auto-Present Handles feature when:

• The key has been out of range for morethan 48 hours.

• The key remains within range for fiveminutes after all doors have been closed.

In these cases, extend door handles bytouching one of them, or by pressing theunlock button on the key. There is no need toreset the setting. The next time you approachModel S, provided the above conditions donot apply, handles automatically extend.

Whenever a door is open, the DoorOpen indicator displays on theinstrument panel. Also, the image ofthe Model S on the touchscreen'sControls > Quick Controls windowalso provides a visual representationof an open door or trunk.

Opening Doors from the InteriorTo open a door, pull the interior door handletoward you.

Note: To prevent children from opening reardoors using the interior handles, use thetouchscreen, Controls > Vehicle > Child-Protection Lock, to turn on the child-protection locks (see Child-Protection Lock onpage 12).

Interior Locking and UnlockingFrom inside Model S, you can use thetouchscreen to lock or unlock doors andtrunks, provided a valid key is inside thevehicle. Touch the lock icon on thetouchscreen's status bar.

When you stop Model S and engage the Parkgear, you can choose whether you want doorsto unlock or remain locked. To do so, touchControls > Vehicle > Unlock on Park. Whenenabled, doors automatically unlock when youengage the Park gear.

You can also unlock doors and presenthandles by pressing the Park button on theend of the gear selector a second time (forexample, after pressing it one time to engagethe Park gear).

Note: If a door or trunk is still open when youlock Model S, it locks when you close it.

Door Unlock ModeYou can choose to unlock only the driver'sdoor when you approach your vehicle carryingyour key or when you shift into Park. To do so,touch Controls > Vehicle > Driver Door UnlockMode.

Doors


Child-Protection LockModel S has child-protection locks on the reardoors and liftgate to prevent them from beingopened using interior handles. Use thetouchscreen to turn child-protection locks onor off. Touch Controls > Vehicle > Child-Protection Lock.

Note: It is recommended that you turn child-protection locks on whenever children areseated in the rear seats.

Drive Away LockingModel S automatically locks all doors(including the trunks) whenever your drivingspeed exceeds 8 km/h.

Walk-Away LockingDoors and trunks automatically lock wheneveryou walk away carrying the key or if the key isotherwise not detected by your vehicle (notpresent, dead battery, etc.).

To turn this feature on or off, touch Controls >Vehicle > Walk-Away Door Lock.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with theWalk-Away Locking.

Note: If all doors are closed and you use thekey to unlock Model S, walk away locking istemporarily suspended for one minute. If youopen a door within this minute, it does not re-lock until after all the doors are closed andyou have walked away with the key.

Note: If your vehicle was unlocked using themobile app, it automatically locks after a shortperiod of time with all doors closed. If parkingin an area without cellular service, such as anindoor parking garage, ensure that you have afunctional key fob readily available.

Unlocking When the Key Doesn'tWorkIf Model S does not unlock when you walk upto it, or when you press the unlock button onyour key, the key’s battery may be dead. If thisis the case, you can still unlock and driveModel S.

To unlock Model S (and disable the securityalarm), first position the key near the base ofthe passenger side windshield wiper, asshown. Then press the front passenger doorhandle. If Model S doesn't unlock, try adjustingthe position of the key. The key must be in thecorrect position.

To drive Model S, place the key against thecenter console, immediately below the 12Vpower outlet, then press and hold the brakepedal to turn Model S on.

Note: Unlocking Model S using this methoddisables walk away locking. You mustmanually re-enable walk away locking afterreplacing the key’s battery.

For instructions on how to replace the key’sbattery, see Replacing the Key Battery onpage 10.

Doors


Opening Interior Doors with NoPowerIf Model S has no electrical power, the frontdoors open as usual using the interior doorhandles. To open the rear doors, fold back theedge of the carpet below the rear seats toexpose the mechanical release cable. Pull themechanical release cable toward the center ofthe vehicle.

Doors


Windows

Opening and ClosingPress down on a switch to lower theassociated window. Window switches operateat two levels:

• To lower a window fully, press the switchall the way down and immediately release.

• To lower a window partially, press theswitch gently and release when thewindow is where you want it.

Similarly, pull a switch to raise the associatedwindow:

• To raise a window fully, pull the switch allthe way up and immediately release.

• To raise a window partially, pull the switchgently and release when the window iswhere you want it.

Warning: Before closing a window, it isthe driver’s responsibility to ensure thatall occupants, especially children, do nothave any body parts extended throughthe window’s opening. Failure to do socan cause serious injury.

Locking Rear WindowsTo prevent passengers from using the rearwindow switches, press the rear window lockswitch. The switch light turns on. To unlockrear windows, press the switch again.

Warning: To ensure safety, it isrecommended that you lock the rearwindow switches whenever children areseated in the rear seats.

Warning: Never leave children unattendedin Model S.

Windows


Rear Trunk

OpeningTo open the rear trunk, do one of thefollowing:

• Touch the associated OPEN button on thetouchscreen (Controls > Quick Controls).

• Double-click the rear trunk button on thekey.

• Touch the trunk button on the mobile app.• With Model S unlocked, press the switch

located under the rear trunk's exteriorhandle.

Note: If Passive Entry is off, you must use thekey to unlock Model S before you can use theswitch to manually open the rear trunk. See Using the Key on page 9.

When a door or trunk/liftgate isopen, the instrument panel displaysthe Door Open indicator light. Theimage of your Model S on thetouchscreen also displays the opentrunk.

To stop a powered liftgate while it is moving,single-click the rear trunk button on the key.Then, when you double-click the rear trunkbutton, it moves again, but in the oppositedirection (provided it was not almost entirelyopen or closed when you stopped it). Forexample, if you single-click to stop the liftgatewhile it is opening, when you double-click, itcloses.

To open the trunk from inside Model S in theunlikely situation that Model S has no power,see Interior Emergency Trunk Release on page16.

Warning: Before opening or closing therear liftgate, it is important to check thatthe area around the liftgate is free ofobstacles (people and objects). Althoughthe powered liftgate can detect obstacles,it can not detect all objects at all times.

Do not rely on the liftgate to sense anobstruction when opening or closing. Youmust proactively monitor the liftgate toensure that it does not come into contactwith a person or object. Failure to do somay result in damage or serious injury.

Load LimitsSecure all cargo before moving Model S, andplace heavy cargo in the lower trunkcompartment.

Caution: To avoid damage, never loadmore than 175 lbs (80 kg) on the rear loadfloor (above the lower trunkcompartment) or more than 285 lbs (130kg) in the lower trunk compartment.Doing so can cause damage.

ClosingIf Model S is not equipped with a poweredliftgate, close the rear trunk by pulling downon the liftgate and pushing firmly until it isfully closed.

To close the powered liftgate, do one of thefollowing:

• Double-click the trunk button on the key.• Touch the associated CLOSE button on

the touchscreen (Controls > QuickControls).

• Press the switch located on the undersideof the liftgate (see Adjusting the OpeningHeight on page 15).

If a powered liftgate senses an obstructionwhen closing, it automatically opens andsounds five chimes. Remove the obstructionand try closing it again. If it cannot close thesecond time, powered operation is temporarilydisabled. Close it manually to restore poweredoperation.

Note: The power closing feature is alsotemporarily disabled if you leave the poweredliftgate open for more than an hour.

Adjusting the Opening HeightIf Model S is equipped with a powered liftgate,you can adjust its opening height to make iteasier to reach:

1. Open the liftgate, then manually lower orraise it to the desired opening height.

Rear Trunk


2. Press and hold the button on theunderside of the liftgate for two secondsuntil you hear a confirmation chime.

3. Confirm that you have set it to the desiredheight by closing the liftgate, thenreopening it.

Interior ReleaseTo open the rear trunk from inside a Model Sequipped with the Tesla Built-In Rear FacingChild Seats, press the interior release switchlocated inside the rear trunk and push theliftgate up. If Model S is locked and isequipped with a power liftgate, the first pressunlocks the rear trunk and the second pressopens it.

Note: If Model S is not equipped with the TeslaRear Facing Child Seats, the switch mayappear to exist, but it will be inactive andpressing it does not release the liftgate.

If Model S is equipped with the power liftgate,you do not need to push it up. When youpress the release switch, it opens, and whenyou pull the switch, it closes.

Note: The interior release switch is disabled ifchild-protection locks are turned on (see Child-Protection Lock on page 12), or ifModel S is moving.

Accessing the Cargo AreaTo access the cargo area inside the rear trunk,pull up the strap at the rear of the cargo cover.You can then fold the cargo cover forward orremove it from Model S.

Caution: Never load more than 175 lbs (80kg) on the rear load floor (above thelower trunk compartment) or more than285 lbs (130 kg) in the lower trunkcompartment. Doing so can causedamage.

Interior Emergency Trunk ReleaseAn illuminated mechanical release locatedinside the rear trunk allows you to open therear trunk from the inside if Model S has noelectrical power. This mechanical release alsoallows a person locked inside to get out.

1. Remove the cover by pulling its loweredge very firmly toward you.

2. Pull the cable to release the latch.3. Push the rear trunk open.

Note: The button glows for several hours aftera brief exposure to ambient light.

Warning: Do not allow children to playinside the trunk or become locked inside.An unrestrained child could suffer seriousinjury or death in a crash. A child couldsuffer heat exhaustion if trapped in thevehicle, especially without climate controlon. If your Model S is equipped with Teslabuilt-in rear facing child seats, see TeslaBuilt-In Rear Facing Child Seats on page

Rear Trunk


37 and ensure all restrictions,instructions, and warnings are followed.

Rear Trunk


Front Trunk

OpeningTo open the front trunk:

1. Ensure that the area around the hood isfree of obstacles.

2. Touch the associated OPEN button on thetouchscreen (Controls > Quick Controls),double-click the front trunk button on thekey, or touch the front trunk button on themobile app.

3. Pull the hood up.

When a door or trunk/liftgate isopen, the instrument panel displaysthe Door Open indicator light. Theimage of your Model S on thetouchscreen also displays the openfront trunk.

Warning: Before opening or closing thehood, it is important to check that thearea around the hood is free of obstacles(people and objects). Failure to do somay result in damage or serious injury.

Note: The front trunk locks whenever closedand you lock Model S using either thetouchscreen or externally using the key ormobile app, you leave Model S carrying yourkey (if Walk-Away Locking on page 12 isturned on), or when Valet mode is active (see Valet Mode on page 46).

ClosingThe Model S hood is not heavy enough tolatch under its own weight and applyingpressure on the front edge or center of thehood can cause damage.

To properly close the hood:

1. Lower the hood until the striker touchesthe latches.

2. Place both hands on the front of the hoodin the areas shown (in green), then pressdown firmly to engage the latches.

3. Carefully try to lift the front edge of thehood to ensure that it is fully closed.

Caution: To prevent damage:

• Apply pressure only to the greenareas shown. Applying pressure tothe red areas can cause damage.

• Do not close the hood with one hand.Doing so applies concentrated forcein one area and can result in a dent orcrease.

• Do not apply pressure to the frontedge of the hood. Doing so cancrease the edge.

• Do not slam or drop the hood.

Warning: Before driving, you must ensurethat the hood is securely latched in thefully closed position by carefully trying tolift the front edge of the hood upwardand confirming there is no movement.

Interior Emergency ReleaseAn illuminated interior release button insidethe front trunk allows a person locked insideto get out.

Front Trunk


Press the interior release button to open thefront trunk, then push up on the hood.

Note: The interior release button glowsfollowing a brief exposure to ambient light.

Warning: People should never climbinside the front trunk. Never shut thefront trunk when a person is inside.

Warning: Care should be taken to ensurethat objects inside the front trunk do notbump against the release button, causingthe trunk to accidentally open.

Front Trunk


Interior Storage and Electronics

Glove BoxTo open the glove box, press the switchlocated on the side of the touchscreen. If youleave the glove box open for five minutes, itslight automatically turns off.

Note: The glove box locks whenever Model Sis locked externally, using the key or walk-away locking. It also locks when Model S is inValet mode (see Valet Mode on page 46). Itdoes not lock when Model S is locked usingthe touchscreen.

Warning: When driving, keep the glovebox closed to prevent injury to apassenger if a collision or sudden stopoccurs.

USB PortsYour Model S has two USB ports located onthe front of the center console that you canuse to connect USB devices. To play audiofiles stored on a USB drive connected to theseports, see Playing Media from Devices on page131. You can also use these ports to chargeUSB devices.

Note: Do not connect multiple devices using aUSB hub. This can prevent connected devicesfrom charging or from being recognized bythe Media Player.

Note: Power is available whenever the vehicleis considered "awake" The vehicle may beawake for many reasons. For example, whenusing features such as Summon, or whenfeatures such as Smart Preconditioning, CabinOverheat Protection, Keep Climate On, DogMode, etc. are enabled. The vehicle is alsoawake whenever the 12V battery is beingcharged or is in use, during HV charging, whenthe vehicle is communicating with the mobileapp, etc. Leaving an accessory plugged indoes not deplete the 12V battery.

12V Power SocketYour Model S has a power socket located onthe front of the center console. Power isavailable whenever the instrument panel andtouchscreen are on.

The 12V power socket is suitable foraccessories requiring up to 11A continuousdraw (15A peak) or a maximum of 150continuous watts (180 watts peak).

Note: Power is available whenever the vehicleis considered "awake" The vehicle may beawake for many reasons. For example, whenusing features such as Summon, or whenfeatures such as Smart Preconditioning, CabinOverheat Protection, Keep Climate On, DogMode, etc. are enabled. The vehicle is alsoawake whenever the 12V battery is beingcharged or is in use, during HV charging, whenthe vehicle is communicating with the mobileapp, etc. Leaving an accessory plugged indoes not deplete the 12V battery.

Note: In situations where Model S is unable todetect the key (low battery, interference, etc.),



place it immediately below the 12V powersocket where Model S can best detect it.

Warning: The power socket and anaccessory’s connector can become hot.



Cup HoldersTo expose a front cup holder, slide back thearmrest.

To expose rear cup holders (if available onyour vehicle), press and release the cup holderface plate located at the back of the centerconsole.



Sunroof

Opening and ClosingIf your Model S is equipped with a sunroof,you can vent and close the sunroof remotelyusing the mobile app or you can adjust theposition of the sunroof by controlling it fromthe menu on your right scroll wheel.

For full control of the sunroof, touchControls > Quick Controls on the touchscreen.Drag, or tap on, the image of the sunroof ortouch the buttons next to the image of yourvehicle. The sunroof moves to the selectedposition. To stop the sunroof from moving atany time, touch the image of the sunroof.

• OPEN: touch once to open the sunroof toits comfort position (75% open). Touchtwice to open the sunroof fully.

• VENT: touch to open the sunroof slightly.• CLOSE: touch to fully close the sunroof.

Note: If the sunroof detects any obstruction, itdoes not close. If, after removing theobstruction, it still does not close, touch andhold CLOSE to override the sunroof’s anti-trapmechanism.

Note: If you find wind noise (which variesdepending on driving speed) excessive, evenwith the sunroof in the comfort position, opena window slightly.

Caution: Remove snow and ice beforeopening the sunroof. Opening a sunroofcovered in snow and ice can causedamage.

Warning: Do not allow occupants toextend any part of their body through thesunroof. Doing so can cause serious injuryfrom flying debris, tree branches, or otherobstructions.

Warning: Before closing the sunroof,ensure that occupants, especiallychildren, do not have any body partextended through the sunroof opening.Failure to do so can cause serious injury.

Warning: Do not carry an object thatprotrudes through the sunroof. Doing so

can damage the sunroof’s seals and anti-trap mechanism, and can cause injury tooccupants.

Sunroof


Seating and Safety Restraints

Front and Rear Seats

Correct Driving PositionThe seat, head support, seat belt and airbagswork together to maximize your safety. Usingthese correctly ensures greater protection.

Position the seat so you can wear the seat beltcorrectly, while being as far away from thefront airbag as possible:

1. Sit upright with both feet on the floor andthe seat back reclined no more than 30degrees.

2. Make sure you can easily reach the pedalsand that your arms are slightly bent whenholding the steering wheel. Your chestshould be at least 25 cm from the centerof the airbag cover.

3. Place the shoulder section of the seat beltmid-way between your neck and yourshoulder. Fit the lap section of the belttightly across your hips, not across yourstomach.

Adjusting the Driver’s Seat

1. Adjust lumbar support.

Note: If your Model S is equipped withadjustable head supports, this button isalso used to move the head support up ordown (see Head Supports/Restraints onpage 25). When you touch this button,the touchscreen displays a popup with animage of the seat. If the lumbar area onthe image is not highlighted in blue, touchthe lumbar area on the image to specifythat you want to adjust lumbar support.The selection you choose is retained untilyou manually change it.

2. Adjust backrest.3. Move seat forward/backward.4. Adjust the seat’s height and tilt angle.

Warning: Before adjusting a front seat,check that the area around the seat isfree of obstacles (people and objects).

Warning: Do not adjust seats whiledriving. Doing so increases the risk of acollision.



Warning: Riding in a moving vehicle withthe seat back reclined can result inserious injuries in a collision, as you couldslide under the lap belt or be propelledinto the seat belt. Ensure your seat backis reclined no more than 30 degrees whenthe vehicle is moving.

Folding Rear SeatsModel S has a split rear seat that can foldforward.

Note: If Model S is equipped with the optionalexecutive rear seats, these seats do not foldforward.

Before folding, remove items from the seatsand the rear footwell. To allow the rear seatbacks to fold completely flat, you may need tomove the front seats forward.

To fold a rear seat, pull the correspondinglever and fold the seat forward.

Raising Rear SeatsBefore raising a rear seat, make sure that theseat belts are not trapped behind thebackrest.

Pull the seat back upward until it locks intoplace.

To confirm that the seat back is locked in theupright position, try pulling it forward.

Warning: Always ensure the seat backsare locked in their upright position.Failure to do so increases the risk ofinjury.

Head Supports/RestraintsIf your Model S is equipped with adjustablehead supports, use the round button on theseat to move the headrest up/down. The samebutton is used to adjust the seat's lumbarsupport (see Adjusting the Driver’s Seat onpage 24). Therefore, when you touch thisbutton, the touchscreen displays a popup withan image of the seat. If the head supportshown on the image is not highlighted in blue,touch this area on the image to specify thatyou want to adjust the head support. Theselection you choose is saved until youmanually change it. You can save the headsupport setting to your driver profile (see Driver Profiles on page 45).

Note: Head supports are not adjustable onearly versions of Model S.


Seating and Safety Restraints 25

The second row seats have integrated non-removable head supports that cannot beadjusted.

Seat HeatersThe front seatscontain heating pads thatoperate at three levels from 3 (highest) to 1(lowest). To operate the seat heaters, see Climate Controls on page 119.

If Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can also control seatheaters in all rear seating positions, as well asheated wipers and washer nozzles bytouching the climate controls on thetouchscreen (see Climate Controls on page119).

Warning: To avoid burns resulting fromprolonged use, individuals who haveperipheral neuropathy, or whose capacityto feel pain is limited because of diabetes,age, neurological injury, or some othercondition, should exercise caution whenusing the climate control system and seatheaters.

Seat CoversWarning: Do not use seat covers inModel S. Doing so could restrictdeployment of the seat-mounted side airbags if a collision occurs.



Seat Belts

Wearing Seat BeltsUsing seat belts and child safety seats is themost effective way to protect occupants if acollision occurs. Therefore, wearing a seat beltis required by law in most jurisdictions.

Both the driver and passenger seats areequipped with three-point inertia reel seatbelts. Inertia reel belts are automaticallytensioned to allow occupants to movecomfortably during normal driving conditions.To securely hold child safety seats, allpassenger seating positions are equipped withan automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, bypulling the seat belt beyond the lengthneeded for a typical adult occupant, locks thebelt into place until the seat belt is unbuckled.

The seat belt reel automatically locks toprevent movement of occupants if Model Sexperiences a force associated with hardacceleration, braking, cornering, or an impactin a collision.

Seat Belt Reminders

The seat belt reminder on theinstrument panel alerts you if a seatbelt for an occupied driver orpassenger seat is unbuckled. If thebelt remains unbuckled, thereminder flashes and an intermittentchime sounds. If all occupants arebuckled up and the reminder stayson, re-buckle seat belts to ensurethey are correctly latched. Alsoremove any heavy objects (such as abriefcase) from an unoccupied seat.If the reminder light continues tostay on, contact Tesla.

Warning: Seat belts must be worn bypassengers in all seating positions.

To Fasten a Belt

1. Ensure correct positioning of the seat (see Correct Driving Position on page 24).

2. Draw the belt out smoothly, ensuring thebelt lays flat across the pelvis, chest andmid-point of your collar bone, betweenthe neck and shoulder.

3. Insert the latch plate into the buckle andpress together until you hear a clickindicating it is locked in place.

4. Pull the belt to check that it is securelyfastened.

5. Pull the diagonal part of the belt towardthe reel to remove excess slack.

To Release a Belt

Hold the belt near the buckle to prevent thebelt from retracting too quickly, then press thebutton on the buckle. The belt retractsautomatically. Ensure there is no obstructionthat prevents the belt from fully retracting.The belt should not hang loose. If a seat beltdoes not fully retract, contact Tesla.

Wearing Seat Belts When PregnantDo not put the lap or shoulder sections of theseat belt over the abdominal area. Wear thelap section of the belt as low as possibleacross the hips, not the waist. Position theshoulder portion of the belt between thebreasts and to the side of the abdomen.Consult your doctor for specific guidance.

Seat Belts


Warning: Never place anything betweenyou and the seat belt to cushion theimpact in the event of a collision.

Seat Belt Pre-tensionersThe front seat belts are equipped withpre‑tensioners that work in conjunction withthe airbags in a severe frontal collision. Thepre‑tensioners automatically retract both theseat belt anchor and the seat belt webbing,reducing slack in both the lap and diagonalportions of the belts, resulting in reducedforward movement of the occupant.

The rear outboard seats are equipped withshoulder pre-tensioners to retract the seatbelt webbing to reduce forward movement ofthe occupant.

If the pre-tensioners and airbags did notactivate in an impact, this does not mean theymalfunctioned. It usually means that thestrength or type of force needed to activatethem was not present.

Warning: Once the seat belt pre-tensioners have been activated, they mustbe replaced. After any collision, have theairbags, seat belt pre-tensioners and anyassociated components checked and, ifnecessary, replaced.

Testing Seat BeltsTo confirm that seat belts are operatingcorrectly, perform these three simple checkson each seat belt.

1. With the seat belt fastened, give thewebbing nearest the buckle a quick pull.The buckle should remain securely locked.

2. With the belt unfastened, unreel thewebbing to its limit. Check that unreelingis free from snags, and visually check thewebbing for wear. Allow the webbing toretract, checking that retraction is smoothand complete.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold thetongue plate and pull forward quickly. Themechanism should lock automatically andprevent further unreeling.

If a seat belt fails any of these tests, contactTesla immediately.

For information about cleaning seat belts, see Seat Belts on page 164.

Seat Belt WarningsWarning: Seat belts should be worn by alloccupants at all times, even if driving fora very short distance. Failure to do soincreases the risk of injury or death if acollision occurs.

Warning: Secure small children in asuitable child safety seat (see ChildSafety Seats on page 30). Always followthe child safety seat manufacturer'sinstructions when installing.

Warning: Ensure that all seat belts areworn correctly. An improperly worn seatbelt increases the risk of injury or death ifa collision occurs.

Warning: Do not wear seat belts overhard, fragile or sharp items in clothing,such as pens, keys, eyeglasses, etc. Thepressure from the seat belt on such itemscan cause injury.

Warning: Seat belts should not be wornwith any part of the strap twisted.

Warning: Each seat belt assembly mustbe used by one occupant only. It is

Seat Belts


dangerous to put a seat belt around achild being carried on an occupant’s lap.

Warning: Seat belts that have been wornin a collision must be inspected orreplaced by Tesla, even if damage to theassembly is not obvious.

Warning: Seat belts that show signs ofwear (such as fraying), or have been cutor damaged in any way, must be replacedby Tesla.

Warning: Avoid contaminating a seatbelt’s components with any chemicals,liquids, grit, dirt or cleaning products. If aseat belt fails to retract or latch into thebuckle, it must be replaced immediately.Contact Tesla.

Warning: Do not make modifications oradditions that can prevent a seat beltmechanism from taking up slack, or thatcan prevent a seat belt from beingadjusted to remove slack. A slack beltgreatly reduces occupant protection.

Warning: Do not make modifications thatcan interfere with the operation of a seatbelt, or that can cause a seat belt tobecome inoperable.

Warning: When seat belts are not in use,they should be fully retracted and nothanging loose. If a seat belt does not fullyretract, contact Tesla.

Seat Belts


Child Safety Seats

Guidelines for Seating ChildrenYou must restrain infants and small children using a child safety seat appropriate for the child’sage, weight, and size. Never seat a child in a child safety seat or a booster seat on the frontpassenger seat when the airbag is activated. To disable the front passenger seat airbag, see Airbags on page 41.

Warning: Never seat a child on a seat with an ACTIVE AIRBAG in front of it. DEATH orSERIOUS INJURY to the child can occur.

Refer to the following label fitted to the sun visors.

Note: The image(s) shown below are representative only and may not be identical to the labels inyour vehicle.

If your Model S is equipped with the optional Tesla built-in rear facing child seats, these seats arechild safety seats and are designed only for children within a specific height and weight range(see Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats on page 37).

Child Safety Seats


Choosing a Child Safety SeatRefer to the following tables for guidelines on the type of seat belt installed and ISOFIX installedchild restraint you should use based on the weight of the child.

Seat Belt Installed Child Restraints

Mass Group Front Passenger* Rear Outboard Rear Center

Group 0 up to 10 kg X U U

Group 0+ up to 13 kg L** U U

Group I 9 - 18 kg UF*** U, UF U, UF

Group II 15 - 25 kg UF*** U, UF U, UF

Group III 22 - 36 kg UF*** U, UF U, UF

U: Universal rear facing child restraint.

UF: Universal forward facing child restraint.

L: Suitable for these particular child restraints - Maxi-Cosi Cabrio/Cabriofix E4 04443517 orTakata Mini E4 04443717.

X: Seating position is not suitable for children in this mass group.

* It is the driver’s responsibility to comply with all current regulations in regions where Model Sis driven. Some regions prohibit seating an infant or child in the front passenger seat.

** Seat must be placed in rearmost lowest position.

*** Seat must be placed in rearmost highest position.

Note: Attach booster seats using seat belts only (do not use ISOFIX).

Note: If Model S is equipped with the optional executive rear seats, a rear center seatingposition is not available.

Child Safety Seats


ISOFIX* Installed Child Restraints

Mass Group Size Class FixtureRear OutboardISOFIX Position

Group 0 up to 10 kg E R1

Note: Attachbooster seats

using seat beltsonly (do not use

ISOFIX).

IL

Group 0+ up to 13 kg

E R1 ILA, C

D R2 ILA, C

C R3 ILA, C

Group I 9 - 18 kg

D R2 ILB

C R3 ILB

B F2 IUF, ILB, D

B1 F2X IUF, ILB, D

A F3 IUF, ILB, D

IL: Suitable for any semi-universal child restraint (any rear or forward facing restraint withsupport leg).

IUF: Suitable for any universal child restraint (forward facing with tether).ARecommendation: Takata Mini E4 04443717.BRecommendation: Takata Midi E4 04444204.CRecommendation: Maxi-cosi Cabriofix/Easyfix E4 04443517.DRecommendation: Maxi-cosi Pearl/Familyfix E4 043908.

Note: ISOFIX is the international standard for attachment points for child safety seats inpassenger vehicles.

Warning: Do not use Isofix/i-Size anchors with child restraint system or booster seats thathave an integral safety belt where the combined weight of the child plus the child restraintsystem exceeds 33 kg.

Child Safety Seats


Seating Larger ChildrenIf a child is too large to fit into a child safetyseat, but too small to safely fit into thestandard seat belts, use a booster seatappropriate for the child’s age and size.Carefully follow the manufacturer’sinstructions to secure the booster seat.

Installing Child Safety SeatsThere are two general methods used to installchild safety seats:

• Seat belt retained - these seats aresecured using the vehicle’s seat belts (see Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seatson page 33).

• ISOFIX retained - these seats can attachto anchor bars built into the vehicle’s rearseats (see Installing ISOFIX Child Seats onpage 33).

Check the child safety seat manufacturer’sinstructions and the table at Child SafetySeats on page 30 to determine whichinstallation method to use. Some child safetyseats can be installed using either method.Always follow the child safety seatmanufacturer’s instructions.

Installing Seat Belt Retained ChildSeatsFirst, make sure that the child safety seat isappropriate for the weight, height, and age ofthe child.

Avoid dressing the child in bulky clothing anddo not place any objects between the childand the restraint system.

Adjust harnesses for every child, every trip.

To securely hold child safety seats, allpassenger seating positions are equipped withan automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, bypulling the seat belt beyond the lengthneeded for a typical adult occupant, locks thebelt into place until the seat belt is unbuckledand the webbing is fully retracted. The ALRmechanism operates as a ratchet, winding inslack and preventing the seat belt fromextending any further until it has beencompletely rewound. When installing a childsafety seat, engage the belt's automaticlocking retractor by pulling the seat beltwebbing until it is fully extended. The ALRsystem engages only when the seat belt is atits maximum extension point.

Note: An automatic locking retractordisengages only when the seat belt isunbuckled and fully retracted. The belt canthen be worn as a normal belt, sliding freely inand out and locking tight only in anemergency. Once disengaged, the belt mustbe fully extended to re-engage the lockingmechanism whenever you install a child safetyseat.

Always follow the detailed instructionsprovided by the child safety seatmanufacturer. General guidelines are providedbelow.

1. Place the child safety seat in Model S, andfully extend the seat belt. Route andbuckle the seat belt in accordance withthe child safety seat manufacturer’sinstructions.

2. Allow the seat belt to retract, and removeall slack in the seat belt while firmlypushing the child safety seat into theModel S seat.

3. If the seat belt retained child safety seathas an upper tether, attach it to the backof the seat (see Attaching Upper TetherStraps on page 34).

Installing ISOFIX Child SeatsLower ISOFIX anchors are provided in thesecond row outboard seats. The anchors arelocated between the seat's back rest and rearcushion. The exact location of each anchor isidentified by a child safety seat identificationbutton, illustrated below. The button is locatedon the seat back, directly above its associatedanchor.

Child Safety Seats


In the second row, install ISOFIX child safetyseats in the outboard seating positions only.Use only a seat belt retained seat in the centerposition.

To install a ISOFIX child safety seat, slide thesafety seat latches onto the anchor bars untilthey click into place. Carefully read and followthe instructions provided by the child safetyseat manufacturer.

Once installed, test the security of theinstallation before seating a child. Attempt totwist the child safety seat from side to sideand try to pull it away from the seat, thencheck to ensure the anchors remain securelyin place.

Note: Lower ISOFIX anchors should not beused with child seats or booster seats thathave an integrated safety belt in situationswhere the combined weight of the child plusthe child restraint is more than 33 kg. In thesesituations, use the safety belt instead.

Attaching Upper Tether StrapsIf an upper tether strap is provided, attach itshook to the anchor point located on the backof the rear seats.

Note: The location of anchor points may notbe readily visible but can be found byidentifying a slice in the seat's material.

Warning: Tighten upper tether strapsaccording to the instructions provided bythe manufacturer of the child safety seat.

Warning: USE ONLY SEAT BELTRETAINED CHILD SAFETY SEATS IN THECENTER SEATING POSITION.

For dual-strap tethers, position a strap oneach side of the head support.

Child Safety Seats


Always position single-strap tethers to runover the top of the head support.

Note: To prevent the single-strap tether frommoving side to side, the top of the headsupport deforms.

Testing a Child Safety SeatBefore seating a child, always make sure thechild safety seat is not loose:

1. Hold the child safety seat by the belt pathand try to slide the safety seat from sideto side and front to back.

2. If the seat moves more than 2.5 cm, it istoo loose. Tighten the belt or reconnectthe ISOFIX retained child safety seat.

3. If you are unable to reduce slack, try adifferent seat location or try another childsafety seat.

Child Safety Seat WarningsWarning: Never seat a child in a childsafety seat or a booster seat on the frontpassenger seat when the airbag isactivated. Doing so can cause seriousinjury or death.

Warning: Never use a rearward facingchild restraint on a seat protected by anactive airbag. Doing so can cause seriousinjury or death. Refer to the warning labellocated on the sun visor.

Warning: Child restraint systems aredesigned to be secured in vehicle seats

by lap belts or the lap belt portion of alap-shoulder belt. Children could beendangered in a crash if their childrestraints are not properly secured in thevehicle.

Warning: According to collision statistics,children are safer when properlyrestrained in the rear seating positionsthan in the front seating positions.

Warning: Do not use a forward facingchild safety seat until your child weighsover 9 kg and can sit independently. Upto the age of two, a child's spine and neckare not sufficiently developed to avoidinjury in a frontal impact.

Warning: Do not allow a baby or infant tobe held on a lap. All children should berestrained in an appropriate child safetyseat at all times.

Warning: To ensure children are safelyseated, follow all instructions provided inthis document and by the manufacturerof the child safety seat.

Warning: Children should ride in a rearfacing child safety seat using the seat’sintegrated 5-point harness for as long aspossible.

Warning: Do not use seat belt extenderson a seat belt that is being used to installa child safety seat or booster seat.

Warning: When seating larger children,make sure the child's head is supportedand the child’s seat belt is properlyadjusted and fastened. The shoulderportion of the belt must be away from theface and neck, and the lap portion mustnot be over the stomach.

Warning: Never attach two child safetyseats to one anchor point. In a collision,one anchor point may be incapable ofsecuring both seats.

Warning: Child restraint anchors aredesigned to withstand only those loadsimposed by correctly fitted childrestraints. Under no circumstances arethey to be used for adult seat belts,harnesses, or for attaching other items orequipment to the vehicle.

Warning: Always check harnesses andtether straps for damage and wear.

Warning: Never leave a child unattended,even if the child is secured in a childsafety seat.

Child Safety Seats


Warning: Never use a child safety seatthat has been involved in a collision. Havethe seat inspected or replaced asdescribed in the child safety seatmanufacturer’s instructions.

Child Safety Seats


Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats

Usage RestrictionsThe optional Tesla built-in rear facing childseats are child restraint systems and areapproved to United Nations ECE RegulationR44.04 standards for use by children in MassGroups II and III, weighing 15 to 36 kg. Theseseats must only be used for children who arebetween 3 and 12 years old, and98 to 135 cm tall.

Always ensure the top of the child’s headcannot contact the vehicle and that the childis seated comfortably with the seat beltspositioned and latched correctly. The child’spelvis must be held securely in place by thelap belt. Follow all instructions provided anddo not use supplemental child safety seats inthese seats.

Note: Whenever a child is seated in the Teslabuilt-in rear facing child seats, it isrecommended that you set the climate controlsystem to draw outside air into Model Sinstead of recirculating the air. This drawsmore air into the rear seating areas. See Adjusting Climate Control Settings on page121.

Opening1. Remove the cover from the trunk floor

and pull the strap to lift the seat assemblyupward.

2. Push the seat assembly into position.

3. Undo the Velcro strap.

4. Pull the handle to release the headsupports from the seat back, then pull thehead supports toward you to unfold them.



5. Raise the seat back to the upright positionand push until it locks into position.Visually check to ensure that the retainingcatches are engaged.

6. Check that the seat back and seat baseare securely retained in the uprightposition by trying to pull the seat backtoward you.

FoldingCaution: Before folding the seats, fastenthe seat belts to prevent them fromgetting trapped in the seat mechanismand being damaged.

1. Pull the handle to release the seat backand pull the seat back fully forward.

2. Push the lever to release the headsupports from the seat back, then foldback onto the seat.

3. Secure the Velcro strap.

4. Pull the strap at the rear of the seat to foldthe seat assembly into the trunk floor.

5. Replace the cover on the trunk floor.

Seating a ChildThe Tesla built-in rear facing child seats arechild restraint systems and are approved toUnited Nations ECE Regulation R44.04standards for use by children in Mass Groups IIand III, weighing 15 - 36 kg. These seats mustonly be used for children who are between 3and 12 years old, and 98 - 135 cm tall.



Always ensure the top of the child’s headcannot contact the vehicle and that the childis seated comfortably with the seat beltspositioned and latched correctly. The child’spelvis must be held securely in place by thelap belt. Follow all instructions provided anddo not use supplemental child safety seats inthese seats.

Note: Whenever a child is seated in the Teslabuilt-in rear facing child seats, it isrecommended that you set the climate controlsystem to draw outside air into Model Sinstead of recirculating the air. This drawsmore air into the rear seating areas. See Adjusting Climate Control Settings on page121.

1. Position the child in the seat with armsthrough the loops of the seat belts.

2. Connect the two halves of the seat belttongue.

3. Insert the seat belt tongue latch into thebuckle and ensure it is securely fastened.

4. Adjust the shoulder belts so they run overthe top of the shoulders and away fromthe face.

5. Adjust the length of the buckle to ensurethe lower straps sit low on the pelvis. Thepelvis must be held firmly in place.

6. Pull the lower straps until the child issecurely held in the seat.

7. Slide the shoulder clips to ensure theupper portion of the belts remainpositioned over the shoulders.

To release, press the button on the buckle, andseparate the two halves of the seat restraint.



Warnings - Tesla Child SeatsWarning: The Tesla built-in rear facingseats are child restraint systems and areapproved to United Nations ECERegulation R44.04 standards for use bychildren in Mass Groups II and III,weighing 15 to 36 kg. These seats mustonly be used for children who arebetween 3 and 12 years old, and98 to 135 cm tall, provided the top of thechild’s head can not contact the interior.

Warning: Do not use supplemental childrestraint systems, including booster seats,in the Tesla built-in rear facing child seats.

Warning: Always ensure that the top ofthe child’s head cannot touch the vehicleand that the child is seated comfortablywith the seat belts correctly fastened.

Warning: Follow all instructions and heedall warnings related to the Tesla built-inrear facing child seats. Failure to do socan compromise occupant safety.

Warning: Read all safety warnings andlabels attached to the seats.

Warning: Do not leave childrenunattended in Model S, even if the child issecured in a child safety seat or a Teslabuilt-in rear facing child seat. In hotweather, the interior temperature canreach dangerous levels that can result indehydration, serious injury or death.

Warning: Do not remove or replace thefabric on a Tesla built-in rear facing childseat. The covers are an integral part ofthe restraint’s performance and shouldnot be removed or replaced with anyother type than those supplied by Tesla.

Warning: If the Tesla built-in rear facingchild seats have been worn in an accident,they must be inspected or replaced byTesla, even if damage is not obvious.

Warning: Before allowing a child to ride inthe Tesla built-in rear facing child seats,check that the seat is securely held in theupright position by trying to pull the seatback toward you.

Warning: Do not remove the built-in rearfacing child seats for any reason,including cleaning. To ensure safety ofoccupants, removal and installation mustbe performed by qualified Tesla servicetechnicians.

Warning: Do not make modifications oradditions that can interfere with the

operation of the Tesla built-in rear facingchild seats.

Warning: To prevent injury, ensure allloose items (bags, luggage, etc.) aresecured. In an accident, or during hardbraking and sharp turns, loose itemscould cause injury.



Airbags

Location of AirbagsAirbags are located in the approximate areas shown here. Airbag warning information is printedon the sun visors.

Model S is equipped with an airbag and lap/shoulder belt at both front outboard seatingpositions. The airbag is a supplemental restraint at those seating positions. All occupants,including the driver, should always wear their seat belts whether or not an airbag is also providedat their seating position to minimize the risk of severe injury or death in the event of a crash.

Note: On RHD (Right Hand Drive) vehicles, the locations of the passenger and driver airbags arereversed.

1. Passenger front airbag2. Driver’s front airbag3. Side airbags4. Curtain airbags

Airbags


How the Airbags WorkAirbags inflate when sensors detect an impactthat exceeds deployment thresholds. Thesethresholds are designed to predict the severityof a crash in time for the airbags to helpprotect the vehicle's occupants.

Airbags inflate instantly with considerableforce accompanied by a loud noise. Theinflated bag, together with the seat belts,limits movement of occupants to reduce therisk of injury.

Front airbags are not ordinarily designed toinflate in rear collisions, rollovers, sidecollisions and when braking heavily or drivingover bumps and potholes. Likewise, frontairbags may not inflate in all frontal collisions,such as minor front collisions, underridecollisions, or impacts with narrow objects(such as poles or trees). Significant superficialdamage can occur to the vehicle without theairbags inflating and, conversely, a relativelysmall amount of structural damage can causeairbags to inflate. Therefore, the externalappearance of the vehicle after a collisiondoes not represent whether or not the frontairbags should have inflated.

Warning: Before modifying your vehicleto accommodate a person withdisabilities in a way that may affect theairbag system, contact Tesla.

Types of AirbagsModel S has the following types of airbags:

• Advanced front airbags: The front airbagsare designed to reduce airbag relatedinjuries if children or small adults areriding in the front seats. On the driver’sside, the front airbag works with a seatposition sensor that adjusts the inflationlevel based on the seating position of theoccupant. Follow all warnings related toseating a child on the front passengerseat. For safety of infants and smallchildren, the front passenger airbag mustbe disabled.

• Side airbags: Side airbags protect thethorax region of the torso and the pelvis.They inflate only if a severe side impactoccurs. Side airbags on the non-impactedside of the vehicle do not inflate.

• Curtain airbags: Curtain airbags helpprotect the head. Curtain airbags on boththe impacted and non-impacted side ofthe vehicle will inflate only if a severe sideimpact occurs, or if the vehicle rolls over.

Airbags


Disabling the Passenger FrontAirbagWhen a child is seated in the front passengerseat (even when the child is seated in a childsafety seat or booster seat), you must disablethe passenger front airbag to prevent it frominjurying the child if a collision occurs.

To turn off the front airbag on the passengerside of the vehicle, touch Controls > Safety &Security > Passenger Front Airbag.

The Passenger Airbag indicatordisplays in the top corner of thetouchscreen to indicate whetherthe front passenger airbag is onor off.

Note: You can also touch thisstatus icon to manually turn thepassenger front airbag on or off.

If the airbag is on, even if you have turned itoff (or vice versa), contact Tesla immediately.

Note: Model S has a capacitive touchscreenand may not respond to your touch if you arewearing standard gloves. If the touchscreen isnot responding, remove gloves or wear gloveswith conductive fingertips for use withcapacitive touchscreens.

Warning: Never seat a child in a childsafety seat or a booster seat on the frontpassenger seat when the airbag isactivate. Doing so can cause seriousinjury or death.

Warning: If the passenger front airbagcontrol does not appear to befunctioning, do not seat a passenger inthe front seat. Contact Tesla immediatelyto have the vehicle inspected and ifnecessary, repaired.

Inflation EffectsWarning: When airbags inflate, a finepowder is released. This powder canirritate the skin and should be thoroughlyflushed from the eyes and from any cutsor abrasions.

After inflation, the airbags deflate to provide agradual cushioning effect for the occupantsand to ensure the driver’s forward vision is notobscured.

If airbags have inflated, or if your vehicle hasbeen in a collision, always have the airbags,seat belt pre-tensioners and any associatedcomponents checked and, if necessary,replaced by Tesla.

In a collision, in addition to the airbagsinflating:

• Doors unlock, and the door handlesextend.

• Hazard warning lights turn on.• Interior lights turn on.• High voltage is disabled.

To restore Battery power, use the touchscreento manually power off Model S (see PoweringOff on page 52), then press the brake topower it back on again.

Airbag Warning Indicator

The airbag indicator on theinstrument panel remains lit if theairbag system is malfunctioning. Theonly time this indicator should lightup is briefly when Model S firstpowers up, in which case it turns offwithin a few seconds. If it remains lit,contact Tesla immediately and donot drive.

Airbag WarningsWarning: Do not place objects over ornear airbags because any such objectscould cause harm if the vehicle is in acrash severe enough to cause the airbagto inflate.

Warning: All occupants, including thedriver, should always wear their seat belts,whether or not an airbag is also providedat their seating position, to minimize therisk of severe injury or death in the eventof a collision.

Warning: Front seat occupants should notplace their arms over the airbag module,as an inflating airbag can cause fracturesor other injuries.

Warning: Do not use seat covers onModel S. Doing so could restrictdeployment of the seat-mounted side airbags if a collision occurs. It can alsoreduce the accuracy of the occupantdetection system, if equipped.

Warning: Airbags inflate withconsiderable speed and force, which can

Airbags


cause injury. To limit injuries, ensure thatoccupants are wearing seat belts and arecorrectly seated, with the seat positionedas far back as possible.

Warning: Do not use a child safety seat orseat young children on a seat with anoperational airbag in front of it. Doing socan cause injury or death if the airbaginflates.

Warning: To ensure correct inflation of theside airbags, maintain an unobstructedgap between an occupant’s torso and theside of Model S.

Warning: Passengers shouldn't lean theirheads against doors. Doing so can causeinjury if a curtain airbag inflates.

Warning: Do not allow passengers toobstruct the operation of an airbag byplacing feet, knees or any other part ofthe body on or near an airbag.

Warning: Do not attach or place objectson or near the front airbags, the side ofthe front seats, the headliner at the sideof the vehicle, or any other airbag coverthat could interfere with inflation of anairbag. Objects can cause serious injury ifthe vehicle is in a collision severe enoughto cause the airbag to inflate.

Warning: Following inflation, some airbagcomponents are hot. Do not touch untilthey have cooled.

Airbags


Driving

Driver Profiles

Creating a Driver ProfileWhen you first adjust the driver’s seat,steering wheel, or driver’s side mirror, thetouchscreen prompts you to create a driverprofile to save these adjustments. Your profilealso saves some of the preferences you makeusing the touchscreen's Controls window.

To add a new driver profile, touchthe driver profile icon at the top ofthe touchscreen. Then touch AddNew Driver, type the driver's nameand touch Create Profile. Follow theonscreen instructions to save theseating position to the driver profile.You can also check the Use EasyEntry checkbox if you want to save(or use existing) Easy Entry settings(described below) in which thedriver's seat and the steering wheelare automatically adjusted to make iteasy to enter and exit Model S.

If you change the position of the steeringwheel, driver’s seat, or driver’s side mirrorafter you have saved or chosen a driverprofile, the touchscreen prompts you to savethe new position or restore the previouslysaved position (other settings areautomatically saved). To change a settingwithout saving or restoring, just ignore theprompt.

To adjust Model S based on a driver’s profile,touch the driver profile icon and choose thedriver name. The saved adjustments areautomatically made.

Note: Valet mode is a built-in driver profileused to limit speed and restrict access tosome Model S features (see Valet Mode onpage 46).

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with thedriver profile feature. Also, in cases where thevehicle is equipped with driver profiles, somefeatures may not be automatically saved andadjusted based on the driver profile (forexample, mirror position).

Note: To stop automatic adjustments that arein process based on a driver's profile, touchStop on the Driver Profile dropdown menu.Automatic adjustments also stop if youmanually adjust a seat, mirror or the steeringwheel.

Easy Entry

You can define an Easy Entry setting thatmoves the steering wheel and driver's seat tomake it easy to enter and exit Model S. Anydriver can use the Easy Entry setting byassociating it with their driver's profile. Whenthe Easy Entry setting is associated with adriver's profile, the steering wheel and driver'sseat automatically adjust when the park gearis engaged and the driver's seat belt isunbuckled, allowing an easy exit from thevehicle. When returning to the vehicle andstepping on the brake pedal, settingsautomatically adjust back to the settings usedby the most recent driver profile (or based onthe key if it's linked to a driver profile).

To set up Easy Entry, touch the driver icon onthe top of the touchscreen. Choose a driverprofile, check the Easy Entry checkbox andfollow the onscreen instructions to save howyou want the steering wheel and seatpositioned when entering and exiting Model S.Once created, the Easy Entry profile appearson the driver profile list and any driver can usethese settings to enter and exit.

Restoring a Driver’s Profile

To adjust Model S based on a driver’sprofile, touch the driver profile iconon the touchscreen's status bar. Thenchoose the driver and Model S isadjusted based on the settings thathave been saved to the chosendriver profile.

See What's SavedTo see what settings are associated with adriver profile, touch the driver profile icon onthe top of the touchscreen. Then touch Seewhat’s saved. A popup window lists all thesettings that are saved to driver profiles.

Note: The settings that are associated withdriver profiles may vary depending on theversion of software currently installed on yourModel S.

Driver Profiles

Driving 45

Linking a Driver Profile to a KeyYou can link a driver profile to a specific key toallow Model S to automatically select thecorrect driver profile when the linked key isdetected as you approach the vehicle andopen the driver's door. To link a driver profileto a key, enter Model S with the key and touchthe driver profile icon on the top of thetouchscreen. Select the driver profile youwould like to link to the key, then touch Link toKey Fob.

Note: Model S only detects one key at a time.The driver profile is linked to the key that isdetected by the vehicle at that time.Therefore, if you want to link driver profiles tomultiple keys, ensure that only the key thatyou would like to link the driver profile to iswithin detection range while performing thelinking procedure. Move all other keys outsideof the detection range (at least one meteraway from Model S).

Note: Model S can support up to three linkedkeys. However, a driver profile can only belinked to one key.

To remove the link between a driver profileand key, touch the driver profile icon on thetop of the touchscreen. Select the driverprofile, then touch the X next to Linked to KeyFob.

Valet ModeWhen Model S is in Valet mode, the followingrestrictions apply:

• Speed is limited to 113 km/h.• Maximum acceleration and power are

limited.• Front trunk and glovebox are locked.• Home and Work locations are not

available in the navigation system.• Voice commands are disabled.• Autopilot convenience features are

disabled.• Most status bar functions are disabled.• The Mobile Access setting is disabled.• HomeLink (if applicable in your market

region) is not accessible.• Driver Profiles are not accessible.

• Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are disabled. WhenModel S is in Valet mode, you cannot pairnew Bluetooth devices or view or deleteexisting paired devices.

Note: If a Bluetooth paired device or aknown Wi-Fi network is within operatingrange (approximately 9 meters) ofModel S in Valet mode, Model S willconnect to it.

Starting Valet Mode

With Model S in Park, touch the driver profileicon on the top of the touchscreen, then touchValet Mode.

The first time you enter Valet mode, you willbe prompted to create a 4-digit PIN that youwill use to cancel Valet mode.

When Valet mode is active, the instrumentpanel displays the word Valet above thedriving speed and the Valet mode driverprofile displays on the touchscreen.

You can also use the mobile app to start andcancel Valet mode (provided Model S is inPark). When using the mobile app, you do notneed to enter a PIN because you are alreadyrequired to log into the app using your TeslaAccount credentials.

Note: If the PIN to Drive setting is enabled(see PIN to Drive on page 138), you mustenter the driving PIN before you can define orenter a Valet PIN. Once in Valet mode, Model Scan be driven without the valet needing toenter the driving PIN.

Note: The PIN to Drive setting is not availablewhen Valet mode is active.

If you forget your valet PIN, reset it frominside Model S by entering your Tesla Accountcredentials (which also cancels Valet mode).You can also reset your PIN using the mobileapp.

Canceling Valet Mode

With Model S in Park, touch the Valet Modedriver icon on the touchscreen's status bar,then enter your 4-digit PIN.

When you cancel Valet mode, all settingsassociated with the most recently used driverprofile and climate control settings arerestored, and all features are available.

Note: You do not need to enter a PIN to cancelValet mode from the mobile app.

Driver Profiles


Steering Wheel

Adjusting Steering EffortYou can adjust the feel and sensitivity of thesteering system to suit your personalpreference:

1. On the touchscreen, touch Controls >Driving > Steering Mode.

2. Choose a steering option:

• Comfort - Reduces the effort requiredto turn the wheel. In town, Model Sfeels easier to drive and park.

• Standard - Tesla believes that thissetting offers the best handling andresponse in all conditions.

• Sport - Increases the effort requiredto turn the wheel. When driving athigher speeds, Model S feels moreresponsive.

The only way to really know which option youlike best is to try them.

Adjusting PositionAdjust the steering wheel to the desireddriving position by moving the control on theleft side of the steering column. Using thiscontrol, you can move the steering wheelforward and backward and up and down.

Warning: Do not make adjustments whiledriving.

Using Left Steering Wheel ButtonsUse the buttons on the left side of the steeringwheel to change radio stations, control themedia player’s volume, and to choose whatdisplays on the left side of the instrumentpanel (whenever the Navigation app is notdisplaying instructions).

1. Next

If you are listening to local or satelliteradio and you have defined more than oneradio preset, press to play the next presetin the radio band that is currently playing.If you have not defined more than onepreset, press to go to the next availablefrequency.

If you are listening to Internet radio, or toan audio file on a connected Bluetooth orUSB device, press to skip to the next songor station.

If you have more than one favoritedefined, press and hold to cycle throughfavorites.

2. Scroll Button

• To adjust the media volume, roll up ordown.

Note: The scroll button adjusts thevolume for media, navigationinstructions and phone calls based onwhat is currently in use. As you adjustvolume, the instrument panel displaysthe volume level and whether you areadjusting volume for media,navigation or phone.

• To mute the media volume, or topause/play an audio file, tap the scrollbutton.

Steering Wheel

Driving 47

• To choose what displays on the leftside of the instrument panel, hold thescroll button briefly until the availableoptions are displayed. Roll the scrollbutton to choose Empty, Car Status,Clock, Media, Energy, Trips, etc. Whenthe option you want is highlighted,tap the scroll button.

Note: The option you choose todisplay using the left scroll button isretained until you manually change it.It is also saved in your driver profile.

Note: Car status displays informationsuch as status of doors and trunks,and on newer model vehicles, the tirepressure measurements.

• To restart the touchscreen, hold downboth scroll buttons for approximatelyfive seconds. See Restarting theTouchscreen on page 52.

3. Previous

Same as described above for Next, exceptit skips to the previous song or station. Ifyou have more than one favorite defined,press and hold to cycle through favorites.

Note: Regardless of how you customize theleft side of the instrument panel, itautomatically changes to display navigationinstructions (if applicable), or to let you knowif a door or trunk is open when Model S is in adriving gear.

Using Right Steering Wheel ButtonsUse the buttons on the right side of thesteering wheel to access call options while ona phone call, to choose what displays on theright side of the instrument panel, to adjustModel S features, and to use voice commands.

Note: Whenever you receive or make a phonecall, the right side of the instrument panelautomatically displays call options to help youeasily handle phone calls on your Bluetooth-connected phone.

1. Press to use a voice command to call acontact, navigate, or listen to Internetmusic. When you hear the tone, speakyour command. Press again to end thevoice command, or simply stop speaking.For details, see Using Voice Commands onpage 49.

2. Scroll Button

• During a phone call, touch the scrollbutton to display call options thatallow you to perform an action on thecall.

• Roll the scroll button to adjust themost recently used feature from thefeature list (see Menu button).

• To choose what displays on the rightside of the instrument panel, hold thescroll button briefly until the availableoptions are displayed. Roll the scrollbutton to choose Empty, Car Status,Clock, Media, Energy, Trips, etc. Whenthe option you want is highlighted,tap the scroll button.

Note: Car status displays informationsuch as status of doors and trunks,and on newer model vehicles, the tirepressure measurements.

Note: The option you choose todisplay using the right scroll button isretained until you manually change it.It is also saved in your driver profile.

• To restart the touchscreen, hold downboth scroll buttons for approximatelyfive seconds. See Restarting theTouchscreen on page 52.

3. Menu button

Press to display a menu that allows you tocontrol the following Model S:

• Temperature. Roll the scroll button tochange the driver side temperature, orpress the wheel to turn the climatecontrol system on and off.

• Fan Speed. Roll the scroll button toadjust the speed of the fan used tocool or heat the cabin.

• Display Brightness. Roll the scrollbutton to change the brightness levelof the displays, or press the wheel torestore default settings.

• Sunroof (if equipped). Roll the scrollbutton to adjust the position of thesunroof.

Steering Wheel


• Recent Calls. If your phone is paired toModel S, roll the scroll button to viewyour recent calls. Press the scrollbutton to call the contact that'sdisplayed. To pair your phone, see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page133.

• Contacts. If your phone is paired toModel S, roll the scroll button tonavigate to contacts in your phone.Your contacts are listed alphabeticallyby their last name. To pair your phone,see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone onpage 133.

Press the menu button again to close thefeature list.

Using Voice CommandsYou can use voice commands to call a contact,navigate to a location, or listen to Internetmusic. Tap the voice button on the upper rightside of the steering wheel to initiate a voicecommand. When you hear the tone, speakyour command. As you speak, the instrumentpanel displays an interpretation of yourcommand. (It also displays tips to remind youof the type of commands you can speak.)When you finish speaking the command, tapthe voice button again or simply wait.

• To call a contact on your Bluetooth-connected phone, say “Call” or “Dial”,followed by the contact’s first and/or lastname(s). For example, “Call Joe” or “CallJoe Smith”.

• To search for, or navigate to, a location,say “Where is”, “Drive to”, or “Navigateto”, followed by an address, businessname, business category, or landmark. Forexample, “Where is Stanford University?”,“Drive to Tesla in Palo Alto”, or “Navigateto Starbucks on Homestead in Cupertino”.If you have defined a navigation addressfor your home or work locations, you canuse a voice command to navigate there bysaying "Navigate home" or "Navigate towork".

• To listen to an Internet music service, say“Listen to” or “Play”, followed by the nameof the song, album, artist, or combination.To improve voice recognition accuracy,provide multiple cues in your command,such as artist plus song (for example,“Listen to Yellow Brick Road” or “PlayYellow Brick Road by Elton John”).

Heated Steering WheelIf Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can warm up thesteering wheel by touching climate controlson the touchscreen (see Climate Controls onpage 119). When turned on, radiant heatkeeps the steering wheel at a comfortabletemperature.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture, yourModel S may not include a heated steeringwheel, even when equipped with the optionalcold weather package.

HornTo sound the horn, press the center pad on thesteering wheel.

Steering Wheel

Driving 49

Mirrors

Adjusting Exterior Side MirrorsPress the button associated with the mirroryou want to adjust (left or right). The button'slight turns on and you can then press the dialto move the mirror to the desired position.Repeat for the other side mirror. If prompted,touch Save on the touchscreen to save themirror adjustment in your driver profile.

To fold and unfold exterior mirrors, press thecenter button. You can set the mirrors to foldautomatically whenever Model S is locked bytouching Controls > Vehicle > Mirror Auto-Fold. The mirrors unfold automaticallywhenever you unlock Model S.

When you use the center button to fold themirrors in for parking in a tight space, themirrors remain folded in until your drivingspeed reaches 50 km/h, or until you use thecenter button to unfold the mirrors.

Note: You cannot fold a mirror if driving above50 km/h.

The driver’s side mirror automatically dims atnight, in proportion to the level of glare fromthe headlights of a vehicle behind you (exceptwhen in Reverse gear). Also, both exterior sidemirrors have heaters that turn on and off withthe rear window defroster.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with a sidemirror that automatically dims at night andmay not include heated side mirrors. Inaddition, mirror adjustments may not be savedto your driver profile.

Auto-Fold Mirrors Based on Location

Model S can automatically fold and unfold theside mirrors based on location, which savesyou from having to manually position themeach time you need to fold or unfold themirrors when at a frequented place (such asnarrow garages, tight parking spaces, etc.).

To set up, Model S must be driving at a lowspeed (less than 3 mph/5 kph) or stopped atthe location you want your vehicle toremember. Go to. Next time you approach thesaved location, your mirrors will fold andunfold within 25 feet (7.5 meters) of thespecified location.

You can also integrate auto-folding mirrorswith HomeLink (see HomeLink UniversalTransceiver on page 140). To enable, go toHomeLink > Auto-Fold Mirrors when Nearby.

Caution: Mirrors may not automaticallyfold or unfold if you return to a savedlocation and are driving faster than 3mph/5 kph.

Mirror Auto-tilt When Reversing

Both exterior mirrors can automatically tiltdownward when backing up. To adjust theauto-tilt position, shift into Reverse, thenadjust the mirrors (press the buttonassociated with the mirror you want to adjust,then press the dial to move the mirror to thedesired position). Touch Save on thetouchscreen to save the mirror adjustment inyour driver profile.

When you shift back into Drive, the mirrors tiltback to their normal (upward) position. Butnow that you have adjusted them for backingup, they automatically tilt to the selecteddownward position whenever you shift intoReverse.

Mirrors


You can turn the auto-tilt feature on or offusing the touchscreen, Touch Controls >Vehicle > Mirror Auto-Tilt.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped with MirrorAuto-Tilt.

Rear View MirrorThe rear view mirror is adjusted manually.Except when in Reverse, the rear view mirrorautomatically dims in proportion to the levelof glare from the headlights of a vehiclebehind you.

Mirrors

Driving 51

Starting and Powering Off

StartingWhen you open a door, Model S powers onthe instrument panel and touchscreen and youcan operate all controls.

To drive Model S:

1. PRESS THE BRAKE PEDAL - Model Spowers on and is ready to drive.

2. SELECT A GEAR - Move the gear lever allthe way down for Drive and all the way upfor Reverse. See Shifting Gears on page54.

Note: If the PIN to Drive feature is enabled(see PIN to Drive on page 138), you must alsoenter a valid PIN on the touchscreen beforeyou can drive Model S.

Note: If Passive Entry is off and you do notpress the brake pedal to start Model S withinapproximately five minutes, a messagedisplays on the instrument panel and you mustuse the key to lock then unlock Model S againbefore starting the vehicle.

Everything you need to know when drivingModel S displays on the instrument panel.

Key Not Inside

If Model S does not detect a key when youpress the brake, the instrument panel displaysa message telling you that a key is not inside.

If you receive this message, place the key inthe center console cup holder where Model Scan best detect it.

If Model S still does not detect the key, tryholding it against the center console,immediately below the 12V power socket (see 12V Power Socket on page 20). Or try usinganother key. If another key does not work,contact Tesla.

A number of factors can affect whetherModel S can detect the key. These include alow battery in the key, interference from otherdevices using radio signals, and objectsbetween the key and receiver.

Always keep the key with you. After driving,the key is needed to restart Model S after itpowers off. And when you leave Model S, youmust bring the key with you to lock Model S,either manually or automatically.

Powering OffWhen you finish driving, shift into Park bypressing the button on the end of the gearselector. The parking brake automaticallyengages and all systems keep operating.When you leave Model S with the key, itpowers off automatically, turning off theinstrument panel and touchscreen.

Model S also powers off automatically afterbeing in Park for 15 minutes, even if you aresitting in the driver’s seat.

Although usually not needed, you can poweroff Model S while sitting in the driver’s seat,provided the vehicle is not moving. TouchControls > Safety & Security > Power Off.Model S automatically powers back on again ifyou press the brake pedal or touch thetouchscreen.

Note: Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever it is determined that you are exitingthe vehicle, even when you shift into Neutralbefore exiting. To keep Model S in Neutral, see Keeping Your Vehicle in Neutral (Tow Mode)on page 54.

Restarting the TouchscreenIf your touchscreen is unresponsive ordemonstrates unusual behavior, you canrestart it.

Note: To ensure the safety of vehicleoccupants as well as other road users,restarting the touchscreen should be doneonly when the vehicle is in Park.

1. Shift into Park.



2. Hold down both scroll buttons on thesteering wheel until the touchscreen turnsblack and the Tesla logo appears.

3. Wait approximately 30 seconds for thetouchscreen to restart. If the touchscreenis still unresponsive or demonstratingunusual behavior after a few minutes,contact Tesla.

Note: Restarting the touchscreen does notpower Model S off and on.


Driving 53

Gears

Shifting GearsWhen Model S is in Park, you must press thebrake to shift to another gear.

Move the lever up or down to change gears.

If you try to shift into a gear that the currentdriving speed prohibits, a chime sounds andthe gear does not change.

Reverse

Push the lever all the way up and release. Youcan only shift into Reverse when Model S isstopped or moving less than 8 km/h. If movingless than 1.6 km/h, you must press the brake.

Neutral

Push the lever up or down to the first positionand release to shift into Neutral. Neutral allowsModel S to roll freely when you are notpressing the brake pedal.

If Model S is in Park and you use thetouchscreen to release the parking brake(Controls > Safety & Security), Model S shiftsinto Neutral (see Parking Brake on page 68).

Drive

Push the lever all the way down and release.You can shift into Drive when Model S isstopped or moving less than 8 km/h inReverse. If Model S is moving less than1.6 km/h, you must press the brake to shiftinto Drive.

Park

Press the end of the gear selector whileModel S is stopped. Whenever Model S is inPark, the parking brake is applied.

Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you connect a charge cable or iftwo or more of the following conditions aremet simultaneously:

• The driver's seat belt is unbuckled.• The occupancy sensor in the driver's seat

does not detect an occupant.• The driver's door is opened.

Note: The above conditions do not reflect acomprehensive list of reasons why Model Smay automatically shift into Park and, incertain scenarios, it is possible for your vehicleto shift into Park when only one of the aboveconditions is true.

To make it convenient to pick up passengers,you can also unlock all doors and/or extendthe door handles at any time by shifting intoPark then pressing the Park button a secondtime.

Keeping Your Vehicle in Neutral(Tow Mode)Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you finish driving and leave Model S.To keep Model S in Neutral when you exit,allowing it to roll freely (for example, pullingonto a transporter, etc.), activate Tow mode:

1. Shift into Park.2. Press the brake pedal.3. Touch Controls > Service > Tow Mode.

Model S beeps, and shifts into Neutral (whichreleases the parking brake).

When Tow mode is active, Model Sdisplays this indicator light on theinstrument panel, along with amessage telling you that Model S willroll freely.

Note: In Tow mode, Model S does not shift intoa driving gear. To cancel Tow mode, shift intoPark or touch Tow mode again. Tow mode alsocancels if you use the touchscreen to applythe parking brake (Controls > Safety &Security > Parking Brake).

Gears


Lights

Controlling LightsTouch Controls > Lights on the touchscreen tocontrol the lights.

In addition to the lights that you can controlfrom the touchscreen, Model S hasconvenience lights that turn on and offautomatically based on what you are doing.For example, you will notice interior lights,marker lights, tail lights, door handle lights,and puddle lights that turn on when youunlock Model S, when you open a door, andwhen you shift into Park. They turn offautomatically after a minute or two or whenyou shift into a driving gear or lock Model S.

Note: The image below is provided fordemonstration purposes only. Depending onvehicle options, software version and marketregion, your touchscreen may appear slightlydifferent.

1. Exterior lights (headlights, tail lights, sidemarker lights, parking lights, and licenseplate lights) are set to AUTO each timeyou start Model S. When set to AUTO,exterior lights automatically turn on whendriving in low lighting conditions. If youchange to a different setting, lights alwaysrevert to AUTO on your next drive.

Touch one of these options to temporarilychange the exterior light setting:

• OFF: Exterior lights turn off until youmanually turn them back on or untilthe next time you drive. If daytimerunning lights are required in yourregion, the exterior lights used for thispurpose are always on when Drivegear is engaged.

• PARKING: Only the side marker lights,parking lights, tail lights and licenseplate lights turn on.

Note: If daytime running lights arerequired in your region, the exteriorlights used for this purpose are alwayson whenever a driving gear (Drive orReverse) is engaged.

• ON: Exterior lights turn on.

Warning: Always ensure that yourheadlights are on during low visibilityconditions. Failure to do so may resultin a collision.

2. If equipped, touch to turn the fog lights onor off. Fog lights operate only when lowbeam headlights are on. When headlightsare turned off, fog lights also turn off.

The rear fog indicator displays onthe instrument panel wheneverrear fog lights are on.

The front fog indicator displayson the instrument panelwhenever the optional front foglights are on.

Note: Depending on the market regionand vehicle options, your vehicle may notbe equipped with front and/or rear foglights.

Note: In some regions, there is no controlfor the front fog lights. They operate inconjunction with the headlights and turnon only in situations where low beamheadlights are on.

3. Turn the interior dome (map) lights on oroff. If set to AUTO, all interior dome lightsturn on when you unlock Model S, open adoor upon exiting, or shift into Park.

Note: You can also manually turn anindividual dome light on or off by pressingits lens. If you manually turn a dome lighton, it turns off when Model S powers off. IfModel S was already powered off whenyou manually turned the light on, it turnsoff after 60 minutes.

Lights

Driving 55

4. If you turn on AMBIENT LIGHTS, interiorambient lights turn on whenever theheadlights are on.

5. If you turn on Auto High Beam (onlyavailable on Model S equipped withAutopilot components), your vehicleautomatically switches from high beamheadlights to low beam headlights whenthere is light detected in front of Model S.See High Beam Headlights on page 57.

6. If you turn on Headlights after Exit, theexterior lights remain on for a short periodof time after you stop driving and parkModel S in low lighting conditions. See Headlights After Exit on page 57.

Note: Model S has lights along the rim of theheadlights, also referred to as "signature"lights. These lights automatically turn onwhenever Model S is powered on and a drivinggear is engaged.

Lights


High Beam HeadlightsPush the left-hand steering column lever awayfrom you to turn the high beam headlights oncontinuously. To cancel, pull the lever towardsyou.

To briefly flash the high beam headlights, pullthe lever towards you.

The high beam headlights can automaticallyswitch to low beam when there is lightdetected in front of Model S (for example,from an oncoming vehicle). To turn this featureon or off, touch Controls > Lights > Auto HighBeam.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it.

In situations where high beams are turned offbecause AUTO HIGH BEAM is turned on andlight is detected in front of Model S, you cantemporarily turn on high beams by pulling thelever all the way toward you.

The following indicator lights are visible on theinstrument panel to show the status of theheadlights:

Low beam headlights are on.

High beam headlights are on.Illuminates when high beams are onbut the Auto High Beam setting isturned off or if the Auto High Beamsetting is turned on but istemporarily unavailable.

High beams are currently turned on,and Auto High Beam is ready to turnoff the high beams if light isdetected in front of Model S.

High beams are temporarily turnedoff because Auto High Beam is onand is detecting light in front ofModel S. When light is no longerdetected, the high beams willautomatically turn back on.

Warning: Auto High Beam is an aid onlyand is subject to limitations. It is thedriver's responsibility to make sure thatthe headlights are always adjusted asappropriate for the weather conditionsand driving circumstances.

Headlights After ExitWhen you stop driving and park Model S inlow lighting conditions, the exterior lightsremain on. They automatically turn off afterone minute or when you lock Model S.

You can turn this feature on and off bytouching Controls > Lights > Headlights AfterExit. When Headlights After Exit is off, theheadlights turn off when you engage the Parkgear and open a door.

Adaptive Front Lighting System(AFS)If equipped, the Adaptive Front LightingSystem (AFS) automatically adjusts the beamof the headlights to improve your driving view.Electric sensors measure driving speed,steering angle and yaw (the rotation of the cararound the vertical axis) to determine theoptimum position of the headlights based oncurrent driving conditions. For example, toimprove visibility while driving on windingroads at night, the AFS casts the beam in thedirection of the curve. When low beamheadlights are turned on and when driving atlower speeds, AFS improves lateralillumination to increase the visibility ofpedestrians and curbs, and to improvevisibility when turning at a dark intersection,into a driveway, or when making a u-turn.

The Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)operates whenever headlights are on. IfModel S isn't moving, or is moving in reverse,the adaptive headlights do not activate. Thisprevents the lights from inadvertently blindingother drivers.

If the AFS fails, the instrument paneldisplays an alert. Contact TeslaService.

Lights

Driving 57

Turn SignalsMove the left-hand steering column lever up(before turning right) or down (before turningleft). The turn signals flash three times orcontinuously, depending on how far up ordown you move the lever. Lightly push theturn signal lever up or down for a three-flashsequence. For a continuous signal, push thelever fully up or down.

The turn signals stop operating when canceledby the steering wheel, or when you return thelever to the central position.

The corresponding turn signalindicator lights up on the instrumentpanel when a turn signal isoperating. You also hear a clickingsound.

Warning: If you have purchased anoptional Autopilot package, and Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is active, engaginga turn signal can cause Model S toaccelerate when using Traffic-AwareCruise Control in specific situations (see Overtake Acceleration on page 89).

Warning: If you have purchased anoptional Autopilot package and Autosteeris active, engaging a turn signal maycause Model S to change lanes.

Hazard Warning FlashersTo turn on the hazard warning flashers, pressthe button located on the side of thetouchscreen closest to the steering wheel. Allturn signals flash. Press again to turn off.

Note: Hazard warning flashers operate evenwithout a key nearby.

Lights


Instrument Panel

Instrument Panel OverviewThe instrument panel changes depending on whether Model S is:

• Off (shown below).• Driving (see Instrument Panel - Driving on page 63).• Charging (see Charging Status on page 153).

When Model S is off, the instrument panel shows remaining estimated range, status of doors, andoutside temperature. When you press the brake, indicator lights flash on briefly along the top.Unless an indicator light applies to a current situation, it should turn off. If an indicator light fails toturn on or off, contact Tesla.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly different.

The following indicators illuminate on the instrument panel to advise you or alert you of a specificcondition.

Indicator Description

Low beam headlights are on.

High beam headlights are on. Illuminates when high beams are on but the AutoHigh Beam setting is turned off or if the Auto High Beam setting is turned on but istemporarily unavailable. See High Beam Headlights on page 57.

High beam headlights are currently turned on, and Auto High Beam is ready toturn off the high beams if light is detected in front of Model S. See High BeamHeadlights on page 57.

Instrument Panel

Driving 59


High beam headlights are temporarily turned off because Auto High Beam is onand is detecting light in front of Model S. When light is no longer detected, thehigh beams automatically turn back on. See High Beam Headlights on page 57.

Parking lights (side marker lights, tail lights, and license plate lights) are on. See Lights on page 55.

Front fog lights, if equipped. See Lights on page 55.

Rear fog lights, if equipped. See Lights on page 55.

Adaptive Front Lighting, if equipped. See Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS)on page 57.

Electronic stability control systems are actively minimizing wheel spin bycontrolling brake pressure and motor power (indicator flashes amber). See TractionControl on page 70. If this indicator remains on, a fault is detected and youshould immediately contact Tesla.

If a fault is detected that reduces the performance of the air suspension system,this amber indicator light displays. If the problem persists, contact Tesla. See AirSuspension on page 135.

If a fault is detected that disables the air suspension system, a red indicator lightsup on the instrument panel. Contact Tesla.

A brake system fault is detected or the brake fluid level is low. See Brakes on page67. Contact Tesla immediately.

Instrument Panel



Airbag safety. If this red indicator does not flash on briefly when Model S preparesto drive, or if it remains on, contact Tesla immediately. See Airbag WarningIndicator on page 43.

An ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) fault is detected. See Brakes on page 67.Contact Tesla immediately.

The parking brake is manually applied. See Parking Brake on page 68.

A parking brake fault is detected. Contact Tesla. See Parking Brake on page 68.

Vehicle Hold is actively applying the brakes. See Vehicle Hold on page 73.

Tire pressure warning. The pressure of a tire is out of range. If a fault with the TirePressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is detected, the indicator flashes. For a TPMSfault, contact Tesla. See Tire Care and Maintenance on page 157.

A door or trunk is open. See Doors on page 9, Rear Trunk on page 15, or FrontTrunk on page 18.

A seat belt for an occupied seat is not fastened. See Seat Belts on page 27.

Note: Depending on the date of manufacture, rear seating positions may not beequipped with a seat belt reminder.

The front passenger’s air bag is turned off. See Airbags on page 41.

Instrument Panel

Driving 61


Electronic stability control systems are no longer minimizing wheel spin. On a RearWheel Drive vehicle, the traction control system has been turned off, or on an All-Wheel Drive vehicle, Slip Start has been enabled. See Traction Control on page70.

Model S is in Tow mode and can roll freely. It does not automatically shift into Parkwhen you exit. See Instructions for Transporters on page 187.

Flashes green when the left turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicatorsflash green when the hazard warning flashers are operating.

Flashes green when the right turn signal is operating. Both turn signal indicatorsflash green when the hazard warning flashers are operating.

Instrument Panel


Instrument Panel - DrivingWhen Model S is driving (or ready to drive), the instrument panel shows your current drivingstatus and a real-time visualization of the road as detected by the Autopilot components (see About Autopilot on page 82). The visualization automatically zooms in and out as needed toinform you when a vehicle is detected in your blind spot.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightly different.

1. Indicator lights display along the top to provide status (see Instrument Panel Overview onpage 59).

2. When you are actively navigating to a destination, navigation instructions display here. Usethe left steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the left side of the instrumentpanel whenever navigation instructions are not displayed (see Using Left Steering WheelButtons on page 47).

3. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is cruising at a set speed. When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isavailable but you haven't set a cruising speed, the icon is gray and the speed is not shown(see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 85).

4. Driving speed.5. Autosteer is actively steering Model S. When Autosteer is available but you haven't activated

it, the icon is gray (see Autosteer on page 91).6. On the Energy graph, dashed lines appear on the power meter if Model S is limiting power.

The dashed lines appear on the top portion (energy being used) when power available foracceleration is being limited, and on the bottom portion (energy being gained) when powerthat can be gained by regenerative braking is limited. Model S limits power for many reasons.Here are just a few examples:

• Acceleration may be limited when the Battery is reaching a low state of charge or if thepowertrain is hot.

• Both acceleration and regenerative braking may be limited when the ambient temperatureis either very high or very low.

• Regenerative braking may be limited when the Battery is fully charged.

Note: Use the right steering wheel buttons to control what displays on the right side of theinstrument panel (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 48).

Instrument Panel

Driving 63

7. Pay attention to important alert messages that display here. If any alerts are in effect, you canview information about them by touching the alert icon (exclamation mark) on thetouchscreen’s status bar (the topmost area of the touchscreen).

8. Use the right steering wheel buttons to change what displays on the right side of theinstrument panel whenever a phone call is not active (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttonson page 48).

9. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. Instead of driving distance, you candisplay the percentage of battery energy remaining. To do so, touch Controls > Display >Energy Display.

Note: When anticipating when you need to charge, use range estimates as a general guidelineonly.

Note: In cold weather, some of the stored energy in the Battery may not be available on yourdrive because the Battery is too cold. When this happens, a portion of the Battery meter isblue and the driving distance value has a snowflake image next to it. If Model S is plugged in,you can heat your Battery using wall power by turning on climate control using the mobileapp. When the Battery warms up, the blue portion on the meter and the snowflake image areno longer displayed.

10. The speed limit (if available) that is currently being detected by Speed Assist (see SpeedAssist on page 107).

11. The car in front of you (if applicable).12. Pay attention to important driving-related messages that appear at the bottom center of the

instrument panel.13. Your Model S.14. When Autosteer is active and detects the driving lane, it is highlighted in blue (see Autosteer

on page 91).

Note: If Navigate on Autopilot is active, the instrument panel displays the driving lane as asingle blue line in front of Model S (see Navigate on Autopilot on page 94).

15. Currently selected gear: Park, Reverse, Neutral, or Drive.

Warning: Although the instrument panel shows surrounding traffic, some vehicles may not bedisplayed. Never rely on the instrument panel to determine if a vehicle is present (forexample, in your blind spot). Always use your mirrors and perform shoulder checks.

Instrument Panel


Wipers and Washers

WipersTo wipe the windshield, rotate the end of theleft-hand steering column lever away fromyou. The steering column lever has fivepositions:

• 1st: Off.• 2nd: Auto with low rain sensitivity.*• 3rd: Auto with high rain sensitivity.*• 4th: Continuous, slow.• 5th: Continuous, fast.

For a single wipe, press and release the end ofthe lever.

If the wipers are set to Auto and Model Sdetects no liquid on the windshield, the wipersdo not wipe.

When you operate the wipers, headlightsautomatically turn on (if they are not onalready).

*To enable the Auto settings, touch Controls >Vehicle > Autowipers (Beta). When wipers areset to Auto, Model S detects whether or not itis raining. The frequency at which they wipedepends on how much rain is detected on thewindshield. When wipers are set to high rainsensitivity, the wipers turn on when Model Sdetects a light mist.

Note: The Auto setting is currently in BETA. Ifuncertain about using the Auto setting whilein the BETA phase, Tesla recommendsoperating the wipers manually, as necessary.

Caution: Ensure the wipers are in the Offposition before washing Model S to avoidthe risk of damaging the wipers.

To extend the life of wiper blades, remove icefrom the windshield before turning wipers on.Ice has sharp edges that can damage therubber on the blades.

Periodically check and clean the edge of thewiper blade. If damaged, replace the bladeimmediately. For details on checking andreplacing wiper blades, see Wiper Blades andWasher Jets on page 166.

Caution: In harsh climates, ensure that thewiper blades are not frozen or adhered tothe windshield.

De-icing Wipers

To make wiper blades easy to access so youcan remove any ice and snow, shift Model Sinto Park, turn the wipers off, then use thetouchscreen to move them to the serviceposition. Touch Controls > Service > WiperService Mode. When parking in cold outdoorclimates, it is helpful to leave Model S with thewipers in the service position. In this position,they are closer to the defrost vent, allowingyou to thaw them by directing air from theclimate control system towards thewindshield.

Note: Wipers automatically return to theirnormal position when you shift Model S out ofPark.

If Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can de-ice wipers bytouching the climate control on thetouchscreen (see Climate Controls on page119). Wiper heaters automatically turns offafter 15 minutes.

WashersPress the button on the end of the leftsteering column lever to spray washer fluidonto the windshield. You can press this buttonat two levels. Press partially for a single wipe,without any washer fluid. Press fully for bothwipe and wash. When washing the windshield,the wipers will perform two wipes after yourelease the button, then a third wipe a fewseconds later.

Periodically top up washer fluid (see ToppingUp Windshield Washer Fluid on page 169).

Wipers and Washers

Driving 65

De-icing Washer Nozzles

If Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, washer nozzles have de-icers that turn on whenever the ambienttemperature nears freezing, or when you turnon the heated wipers (see Climate Controls onpage 119). The washer de-icers turn off whenthe heated wipers turn off (after 15 minutes),provided the temperature is warm enough toprevent freezing.

Wipers and Washers


Brakes

Braking SystemsWarning: Properly functioning brakingsystems are critical to ensure safety. Ifyou experience a problem with the brakepedal, brake caliper, or any component ofa Model S braking system, contact Teslaimmediately.

Model S has an anti-lock braking system (ABS)that prevents the wheels from locking whenyou apply maximum brake pressure. Thisimproves steering control during heavybraking in most road conditions.

During emergency braking conditions, theABS constantly monitors the speed of eachwheel and varies the brake pressure accordingto the grip available.

The alteration of brake pressure can be felt asa pulsing sensation through the brake pedal.This demonstrates that the ABS is operatingand is not a cause for concern. Keep firm andsteady pressure on the brake pedal whileexperiencing the pulsing.

The ABS indicator briefly flashesyellow on the instrument panel whenyou first start Model S. If thisindicator lights up at any other time,an ABS fault has occurred and theABS is not operating. Contact Tesla.The braking system remains fullyoperational and is not affected by anABS failure. However, brakingdistances may increase.

If the instrument panel displays thisred brake indicator at any time otherthan briefly when you first startModel S, a brake system fault isdetected, or the level of the brakefluid is low. Contact Teslaimmediately.

Emergency Braking

In an emergency, fully press the brake pedaland maintain firm pressure, even on lowtraction surfaces. The ABS varies the brakingpressure to each wheel according to theamount of traction available. This preventswheels from locking and ensures that you stopas safely as possible.

Warning: Do not pump the brake pedal.Doing so interrupts operation of the ABSand can increase braking distance.

Warning: Always maintain a safe distancefrom the vehicle in front of you and beaware of hazardous driving conditions.While the ABS can improve stoppingdistance, it cannot overcome the laws ofphysics. It also does not prevent thedanger of hydroplaning (where a layer ofwater prevents direct contact betweenthe tires and the road).

Automatic Emergency Braking is designed toautomatically brake in situations where acollision is considered imminent (see Automatic Emergency Braking on page 105).

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis not designed to prevent a collision. Atbest, it can minimize the impact of afrontal collision by attempting to reduceyour driving speed. Depending onAutomatic Emergency Braking to avoid acollision can result in serious injury ordeath.

Brake WearModel S brake pads are equipped with wearindicators. A wear indicator is a thin metalstrip attached to the brake pad that squeals asit rubs against the rotor when the pad wearsdown. This squealing sound indicates that thebrake pads have reached the end of theirservice life and require replacement. Toreplace the brake pads, contact Tesla Service.

Brakes must be periodically inspected visuallyby removing the tire and wheel. For detailedspecifications and service limits for rotors andbrake pads, see Subsystems on page 177.Additionally, Tesla recommends cleaning andlubricating the brake calipers every year or20,000 km if in an area where roads are saltedduring winter months.

Warning: Neglecting to replace wornbrake pads damages the braking systemand can result in a braking hazard.

Regenerative BrakingWhenever Model S is moving and your foot isoff the accelerator, regenerative braking slowsdown Model S and feeds any surplus energyback to the Battery.

By anticipating your stops and reducing orremoving pressure from the accelerator pedalto slow down, you can take advantage ofregenerative braking to increase driving range.Of course, this is no substitute for regularbraking when needed for safety.

Brakes

Driving 67

Note: If regenerative braking is aggressivelyslowing Model S (such as when your foot iscompletely off the accelerator pedal athighway speeds), the brake lights turn on toalert others that you are slowing down.

Warning: In snowy or icy conditionsModel S may experience traction lossduring regenerative braking, particularlywhen in the Standard setting and/or notusing winter tires. Tesla recommendsusing the Low setting (see To Set theRegenerative Braking Level on page 68)in snowy or icy conditions to helpmaintain vehicle stability.

The Energy app displays real-time feedbackon the amount of energy being gained byregenerative braking. You can also display thepower meter on either side of the instrumentpanel by choosing Energy using the scrollbutton on the steering wheel (see SteeringWheel on page 47).

The amount of energy fed back to the Batteryusing regenerative braking can depend on thecurrent state of the Battery and the chargelevel setting that you are using. For example,regenerative braking may be limited if theBattery is already fully charged or if theambient temperature is too cold.

Note: If regenerative braking is limited, adashed yellow line displays on the powermeter.

To Set the Regenerative Braking Level

You can use the touchscreen to change thelevel of regenerative braking:

1. Touch Controls > Driving > RegenerativeBraking.

2. Choose from two levels:

• Standard: Provides the maximumamount of regenerative braking. Whenyou release the accelerator, Model Sslows down, reducing the need to usethe brakes.

• Low: Limits regenerative braking.When you release the accelerator,Model S takes longer to slow downand coasts further than if set toStandard.

Parking BrakeThe parking brake automatically engageswhen you shift Model S into Park, and releaseswhen you shift into any other gear.

Note: The parking brake operates on the rearwheels only, and is independent of the pedal-operated brake system.

Warning: In snowy or icy conditions therear wheels may not have sufficienttraction to prevent Model S from slidingdown a slope, particularly if not usingwinter tires. Avoid parking on hills insnowy or icy conditions. You are alwaysresponsible for parking safely.

Warning: Your Model S may display analert if the road is too steep to safely parkon, or if the parking brakes are notproperly engaged. These alerts are forguidance purposes only and are not asubstitute for the driver’s judgment ofsafe parking conditions, including specificroad or weather conditions. Do notdepend on these alerts to determinewhether or not it is safe to park at anylocation. You are always responsible forparking safely.

Use the touchscreen to manually release theparking brake (which also shifts Model S intoNeutral):

1. Touch Controls > Safety & Security.2. Press the brake pedal, then touch Parking

Brake. If Model S was previously in Park, itshifts into Neutral.

Brakes


When you use the touchscreen tomanually apply the parking brake,the red parking brake indicator lightsup on the instrument panel .

If the parking brake experiences anelectrical issue, the amber parkingbrake indicator lights up and a faultmessage displays at the top of theinstrument panel.

Caution: In the unlikely event that Model Sloses electrical power, you cannot accessthe touchscreen and are therefore unableto release the parking brake. ContactTesla.

Brakes

Driving 69

Traction Control

How It WorksThe traction control system constantlymonitors the speed of the front and rearwheels. If Model S experiences a loss oftraction, the system minimizes wheel spin bycontrolling brake pressure and motor power.By default, the traction control system is on.Under normal conditions, it should remain onto ensure maximum safety.

This yellow indicator flashes on theinstrument panel whenever thetraction control system is activelycontrolling brake pressure and motorpower to minimize wheel spin. If theindicator stays on, a fault is detectedwith the traction control system.Contact Tesla Service.

Warning: If the above indicator remainsilluminated in situations in which you havenot enabled Slip Start (described next),the traction control system may not beoperating correctly. Contact Tesla Serviceimmediately.

Warning: Traction control cannot preventcollisions caused by driving dangerouslyor turning too sharply at high speeds.

Allowing Wheel Slip

To allow the wheels to spin at a limited speed,you can enable Slip Start. Slip Start can beenabled only when Model S is moving48 km/h or slower. Slip Start automaticallydisables when the speed exceeds 80 km/h.

Under normal conditions, Slip Start should notbe enabled. Enable it only in circumstanceswhere you deliberately want the wheels tospin, such as:

• Starting on a loose surface, such as gravelor snow.

• Driving in deep snow, sand or mud.• Rocking out of a hole or deep rut.

To allow the wheels to spin, touch Controls >Driving > Traction Control > Slip Start.

The instrument panel displays analert message when Slip Start isenabled.

Although Slip Start is automatically disabledthe next time you start Model S, it is stronglyrecommended that you disable it immediatelyafter the circumstances that required you toenable it have passed.

Note: Slip Start cannot be enabled when youare actively using Traffic-Aware CruiseControl.

Traction Control


Park Assist

How Park Assist WorksModel S has several sensors designed todetect the presence of objects. When drivingslowly in Drive or Reverse (for example, whenparking), the sensors alert you if an object isdetected in close proximity of your Model S.Objects are only detected in the direction ofthe gear you selected; front objects in Drive,rear objects in Reverse.

Warning: You may not be alerted ifModel S rolls freely in the oppositedirection of the gear you selected (forexample, you will not receive an alert ifModel S rolls backwards down a hill whilein Drive).

The sensors are activated when driving slowerthan 8 km/h.

Warning: Never depend on Park Assist toinform you if an area you are approachingis free of objects and/or people. Severalexternal factors can reduce theperformance of Park Assist, causing

either no readings or false readings (see Limitations and False Warnings on page72). Therefore, depending on Park Assistto determine if Model S is approaching anobstruction can result in damage to thevehicle and/or objects, and canpotentially cause serious injury. Alwaysinspect the area with your own eyes.When reversing, perform shoulder checksand use all mirrors. Park assist does notdetect children, pedestrians, bicyclists,animals, or objects that are moving,protruding, located too far above orbelow the sensors, or too close or too farfrom the sensors. Park Assist is forguidance purposes only and is notintended to replace your own direct visualchecks. It is not a substitute for carefuldriving.

Visual and Audio FeedbackWhen you shift to Reverse, the Park Assistview displays on the left side of the instrumentpanel, showing objects that are in closeproximity to the front and rear of Model S.This view closes when you shift into Driveunless an object is detected close to the frontof Model S, in which case the Park Assist viewcloses automatically when your driving speedexceeds 8 km/h. When reversing, visualfeedback also displays on the touchscreen,immediately below the camera view (see RearView Camera on page 80). You can manuallyclose the park assist view on the touchscreenby touching the X in the upper left corner.

When driving with the Camera app displayedon the touchscreen, you can switch to thePark Assist view when driving at speeds below8 km/h. Touch the button located in the upperleft corner of the Camera app window. This isuseful if you need assistance with parallelparking.

If chimes are turned on (see ControllingAudible Feedback on page 72), an audiblebeep sounds as you approach an object. Youcan temporarily mute the chime by pressingthe scroll button on the left side of thesteering wheel or by touching the mute buttonon the bottom left corner of the Park Assistview.

Note: If a sensor is unable to providefeedback, the instrument panel displays analert message.

Caution: Keep sensors clean from dirt,debris, snow, and ice. Avoid using a highpressure power washer on the sensors

Park Assist

Driving 71

and do not clean a sensor with a sharp orabrasive object that can scratch ordamage its surface.

Caution: Do not install accessories orstickers on or near the parking sensors.

Controlling Audible FeedbackYou can use Park Assist with or withoutaudible feedback. To turn chimes on or off,touch Controls > Safety & Security > ParkAssist Chimes.

To mute the chimes temporarily, press thescroll button on the left side of the steeringwheel or touch the mute button in the cornerof the Park Assist view. The chimes are muteduntil you shift into a different gear or driveover 8 km/h.

Limitations and False WarningsThe parking sensors may not functioncorrectly in these situations:

• One or more of the parking sensors isdamaged, dirty, or covered (such as mud,ice, or snow).

• The object is located below approximately20 cm (such as a curb or low barrier).

Caution: Shorter objects that aredetected (such as curbs or lowbarriers) can move into the blind spotof the sensors. Model S cannot alertyou about an object while it is in theblind spot of the sensors.

• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, orfog) are interfering with sensor operation.

• The object is thin (such as a sign post).• A sensor’s operating range has been

exceeded.• The object is sound-absorbing or soft

(such as powder snow).• The object is sloped (such as a sloped

embankment).• Model S has been parked in, or being

driven in, extremely hot or coldtemperatures.

• The sensors are affected by otherelectrical equipment or devices thatgenerate ultrasonic waves.

• You are driving in a location where thesensors' ultrasonic waves are deflectedaway from the vehicle (such as drivingnext to a wall or pillar).

• The object is located too close to thebumper.

• A bumper is misaligned or damaged.• An object that is mounted to Model S is

interfering with and/or obstructing thesensor (such as a bike rack or bumpersticker).

• Model S rolls freely in the oppositedirection of the gear you selected (forexample, you will not receive an alert ifModel S rolls backwards down a hill whilein Drive).

Other Parking AidsIn addition to Park Assist, when shifted intoReverse, the backup camera displays a view ofthe area behind Model S (see Rear ViewCamera on page 80).

Park Assist


Vehicle Hold

When Model S is stopped, Vehicle Hold cancontinue to apply the brakes even after youremove your foot from the brake pedal. Whendriving on a hill or on a flat surface, brake asyou normally would. After coming to acomplete stop, simply press the brake pedalagain (until the instrument panel displays theVehicle Hold indicator light) to enable VehicleHold. You can then release the brake pedaland remain stopped, even on a hill.

This indicator displays on theinstrument panel whenever VehicleHold is actively braking Model S.

To disengage Vehicle Hold, press theaccelerator pedal or press and release thebrake pedal.

Note: Shifting into Neutral also disengagesVehicle Hold.

Note: After actively braking Model S forapproximately ten minutes, Model S shifts intoPark and Vehicle Hold cancels. Model S alsoshifts into Park if it detects that the driver hasleft the vehicle.

Vehicle Hold

Driving 73

Acceleration Modes

The acceleration settings available on yourModel S vary depending on date ofmanufacture and options chosen at time ofpurchase:

• Chill: limits acceleration for a smooth andgentle ride (available on all vehiclesequipped with Autopilot hardware).

• Standard: provides the normal level ofacceleration (available on non-Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles andRear Wheel Drive Model S vehiclesequipped with Autopilot hardware).

• Sport: provides the normal level ofacceleration (available on PerformanceAll-Wheel Drive vehicles).

• Insane: increases peak torque byapproximately 30 percent (available onPerformance All-Wheel Drive vehicles notequipped with the Ludicrous upgrade).

• Ludicrous: increases peak torque byapproximately 60 percent (available onPerformance All-Wheel Drive vehiclesequipped with the Ludicrous upgrade).

• Insane+: increases peak torque byapproximately 30 percent (available onPerformance All-Wheel Drive vehicles notequipped with the Ludicrous upgrade)while also heating up the Battery to itsideal operating temperature to ensureaccess to 100% of available power. Beforechoosing this setting, read about UsingInsane+ or Ludicrous+ on page 74.

• Ludicrous+: increases peak torque byapproximately 60 percent (available onPerformance All-Wheel Drive vehiclesequipped with the Ludicrous upgrade)while also immediately heating up theBattery to its ideal operating temperatureto ensure access to 100% of availablepower. Before choosing this setting, readabout Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+ onpage 74.

Note: Although Chill does not directly improvedriving range, using the increased torque andpower available in Insane or Ludicrous modecan reduce range and efficiency.

Note: When Chill is selected, Chill displays onthe instrument panel above the driving speed.

In addition, a Performance All-Wheel DriveModel S also features Launch Mode to provideoptimum acceleration on surfaces with goodtraction. For the specific driving instructionsrequired to use Launch Mode, see LaunchMode on page 75.

To choose an acceleration mode, touchControls > Driving > Acceleration.

Using Insane+ or Ludicrous+If you choose Insane or Ludicrous, additionalpower is available immediately. However, toachieve the absolute maximum power(designed for short term use), you can chooseInsane+ or Ludicrous+ to heat the Battery toits ideal operating temperature. This ensureaccess to 100% of available power. Heating theBattery can take over an hour, depending onenvironmental conditions and whether or notModel S is being driven.

While the battery is being heated, thetouchscreen displays a message providing youwith an approximate wait time, and letting youknow when the additional power is available.

Note: Insane+ and Ludicrous+ are designed toachieve maximum performance for short termacceleration. These settings are not intendedfor daily driving. The tradeoff for theadditional power boost is extra energyconsumption and earlier power fade on longdrives. The Insane or Ludicrous accelerationsettings provide a significant increase inperformance even without choosing theInsane+ or Ludicrous+ setting to achievemaximum Battery power. In fact, in normaldriving situations, the additional power thatcan be achieved using Insane+ and Ludicrous+may be unnoticeable.

Note: To support Insane+ or Ludicrous+, thecharge level must be 20% or higher. Youcannot initiate these settings if the chargelevel is less than 20%. In addition, thesesettings immediately cancel if at any timeduring use, the charge level drops below 20%.

When using Insane+ or Ludicrous+, Model Sconsumes more energy to keep the Batterywithin an optimal temperature range.

To cancel Insane+ or Ludicrous+ at any time,change the acceleration level to anothersetting. To prevent excess and potentiallyunnecessary energy consumption (forexample, you leave the vehicle and forget tocancel Insane+ or Ludicrous+), these settingscancel automatically in three hours, regardlessof whether you are still driving or have left thevehicle.

Note: Insane+ or Ludicrous+ strives to keepthe Battery within an optimal temperaturerange. In addition to heating the Battery, thesesettings also cool the battery when necessary(for example, while driving at high speeds,during rapid acceleration, driving for longperiods, etc.).

Acceleration Modes


Launch ModeLaunch Mode, available on Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicles only, provides optimumacceleration on surfaces with good traction.

Note: Hard acceleration including, but notlimited to, using launch mode, increases stresson the vehicle’s powertrain, and can causepremature wear and aging of variouscomponents. Model S constantly monitorspowertrain fatigue and damage, and notifiesyou if vehicle components need to beserviced.

Warning: Use Launch Mode only inappropriate locations where there is nocross traffic or pedestrians present.Launch Mode is designed for use onclosed circuit driving courses. It is thedriver’s responsibility to ensure thatdriving style and acceleration do notendanger or inconvenience other roadusers.

To Activate Launch Mode

1. Ensure the brakes are slightly warm bydriving for a few minutes and using thebrakes a few times.

2. If equipped, set the air suspension to Low(see Air Suspension on page 135).

3. Set the acceleration level to Insane orLudicrous and enable Max Battery Power.

Note: You can use Launch Modeimmediately after enabling Max BatteryPower. There is no need to wait until MaxBattery Power is in its READY state.

4. With Model S shifted into Drive and at acomplete stop with the steering wheelstraight, fully press the brake pedal withyour left foot.

5. While still pressing the brake with your leftfoot, fully press the accelerator pedal withyour right foot, then release theaccelerator pedal. The instrument paneldisplays a message indicating that LaunchMode is enabled.

6. Within eight seconds, fully press theaccelerator pedal a second time to pre-load motor torque, then within fourseconds, release the brake.

When you release the brake, Model S launchesforward.

Note: Launch Mode is not available if Slip Starthas been enabled (which allows the wheels tospin). See Traction Control on page 70.

Note: Launch Mode is available only if theambient temperature is 3° C or warmer.

Acceleration Modes

Driving 75

Active Hood

How Active Hood WorksSome Model S vehicles (depending on marketregion and date of manufacture) feature apedestrian protection system with an ActiveHood that is designed to reduce head injuriesto pedestrians and cyclists in a frontalcollision. Multiple sensors at the front of thevehicle are designed to detect impact with apedestrian when Model S is moving betweenapproximately 19 and 53 km/h, and raise therear portion of the hood automaticallyapproximately 80 mm. This increases thespace between the hood and componentsbeneath it, reducing the likelihood of injuries.

Note: The pedestrian protection system relieson a series of sensors and algorithmsdesigned and calibrated to determine whenActive Hood should deploy. Therefore, not allpedestrian collisions will lead to a deployment.Similarly, the Active Hood may deploy ifModel S collides with an animal, vehicle, orother object.

If Active Hood has been deployed, theinstrument panel displays an alert and a chimesounds. Immediately take Model S to thenearest Tesla Service Center. Active Hood'sassociated sensors and actuators must beserviced whenever Active Hood has beendeployed.

Warning: Deployment of Active Hoodmay cause the raised hood to partiallyobstruct driver vision, increasing the riskof a collision. If safe to do so, Model S canbe driven to the nearest Tesla ServiceCenter. If unsafe to drive (you cannotclearly see over the raised hood, the hoodlatch has been damaged, etc.), makearrangements to have your vehicle towed.

Warning: If the instrument panel displaysan alert indicating that Active Hood has

been deployed in situations where it hasnot, immediately drive Model S to thenearest Tesla Service Center.

Note: If damage occurs to the front bumper,contact Tesla or a local Tesla-approved bodyshop in your area to inspect the sensors fordamage.

Active Hood


Trip Information

Displaying Trip InformationTrip information displays on the touchscreenwhen you touch Controls > Trips. For thecurrent trip, you can display distance, durationand average energy usage. You can also showdistance and total and average energy usedsince your last charge and for additional trips.

To name or rename a trip, touch the trip'sname, enter a new name for the trip, thenpress Save. To reset a particular trip meter,touch its associated Reset button.

You can display information for up to threetrips on the instrument panel. Use thecheckboxes to specify the trip(s) you want todisplay. Then use the scroll bar on the steeringwheel to display the chosen trip(s) (see UsingLeft Steering Wheel Buttons on page 47 or Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page48).

OdometerTo display the odometer, touch the Tesla “T” atthe top center of the touchscreen.

Trip Information

Driving 77

Getting Maximum Range

Driving Tips to Maximize RangeYou can maximize your driving range usingthe same driving habits that you use toconserve fuel in a gasoline-powered vehicle. Inaddition to driving habits, energyconsumption depends on environmentalconditions (such as exceptionally cold or hotweather and driving on roads with steep hills).To get the maximum range from a charge:

• Slow down your driving and avoidfrequent and rapid acceleration.

• If safe to do so, modulate the acceleratorpedal instead of using the brake pedalwhen gradually slowing down. WheneverModel S is moving and you are notpressing the accelerator pedal,regenerative braking slows down Model Sand feeds surplus energy back to theBattery (see Regenerative Braking onpage 67).

• Keep tires at the recommended inflationpressures (see Tire Care and Maintenanceon page 157).

• Lighten your load by removing anyunnecessary cargo.

• Fully raise all windows.• Limit the use of resources such as heating

and air conditioning. Using seat heaters tokeep warm is more efficient than heatingthe cabin. To automatically limit theamount of power that the climate controlsystem uses to maintain the temperatureof the Battery and the cabin area, touchControls > Driving > Range Mode.

The power meter on the instrument panel andthe Energy app provides feedback on energyusage. With this feedback, you can becomefamiliar with how driving habits andenvironmental conditions impact how muchenergy Model S is using.

Energy AppUse the Energy app to view real-time andprojected energy usage. Choose from twotypes of charts:

• Consumption: display how much energyModel S has consumed over the past 10,25 or 50 km.

Touch Instant Range or Average Range toadjust the projected range estimation.Instant Range uses only the latest fewdata points to estimate the projectedrange, whereas Average Range uses thepast 10, 25 or 50 km of energyconsumption to provide a more accurateprojected range.

• Trip: If your Model S is equipped withnavigation, you can monitor the amount ofenergy being used while navigating to adestination. You can track actual usageagainst the initial prediction. The greenline represents the actual usage whereasthe gray line represents predicted usage.To change the zoom level, touch the zoomicon located in the top right corner of thechart.

Note: The Trip chart displays energy usageonly if you are currently navigating to adestination.

Saving EnergyModel S has an energy-saving feature thatreduces the amount of energy beingconsumed when Model S is not in use. Onnewer vehicles, this feature is automated toprovide an optimal level of energy saving.However, on older vehicles, you can touchControls > Display > Energy Saving andchoose from the following options:

• OFF - Model S shifts to the energy-savingmode at night (10 pm to 5 am).

• ON - significantly less energy is consumedwhenever Model S is not in use. The start-up time of the instrument panel andBluetooth could be slower.

• Always Connected - preserves cellconnectivity when energy saving is active.This allows the mobile app to connect toModel S quicker, and provides immediateinternet access when entering the car.Slightly more energy is consumed.

Range AssuranceModel S helps protect you against running outof energy. Model S continuously monitors itsenergy level and proximity to known charginglocations.



Touch the map's charging icon totoggle between displayingsuperchargers only, and displayingall chargers, including destinationchargers, and visited chargers.

When you are at risk of driving beyond therange of known charging locations, thetouchscreen displays a message giving youthe opportunity to display a list of charginglocations that are within range. When youselect a charging location from the list,Model S provides navigation instructions andthe turn-by-turn direction list displays thepredicted amount of energy that will remainwhen you arrive at the charging destination.


Driving 79

Rear View Camera

Camera LocationModel S is equipped with a rear view cameralocated above the rear license plate.

Whenever you shift into Reverse, thetouchscreen displays the view from thecamera. Lines show your driving path basedon the position of the steering wheel. Theselines adjust appropriately as you move thesteering wheel.

Note: Visual feedback from the parkingsensors displays on the instrument panel (see Park Assist on page 71).

Note: Depending on date of manufacture andoptions selected at time of purchase, someModel S vehicles are not equipped withparking sensors.

To display the view from the camera at anytime:

Open the app launcher thentouch the camera icon.

Warning: Never depend on the rear viewcamera to inform you if the area behindyou is free of objects and/or people whenreversing. The camera may not detectobjects or barriers that can potentiallycause damage or injury. In addition,several external factors can reduce theperformance of the camera, including adirty or obstructed lens. Therefore,depending on the rear view camera todetermine if Model S is approaching anobstruction can result in damage to thevehicle and/or objects, and canpotentially cause serious injury. Alwaysinspect the area with your own eyes.When reversing, perform shoulder checksand use all mirrors. Use the camera forguidance purposes only. It is not intendedto replace your own direct visual checksand is not a substitute for careful driving.

Cleaning the Camera

To ensure a clear picture, keep the cameralens clean, and free of obstructions. Removeany buildup of dirt by occasionally wiping thecamera lens with a soft damp cloth.

Caution: Do not use chemical-based orabrasive cleaners. Doing so can damagethe surface of the camera lens.

Rear View Camera


Dashcam

About DashcamNote: Dashcam is a BETA feature.

In addition to supporting Autopilot features,cameras can record and store video footageon a USB flash drive. This can be convenient insituations where you want a video recordingof a particular incident, such as a collision. Youcan pause, resume, or save video recordingdirectly from your vehicle’s touchscreen.

Note: You are responsible for complying withall local laws, regulations, and propertyrestrictions regarding video recordings whenusing dashcam. Dashcam is external only anddoes not record audio.

Note: Dashcam may not be available in certainmarket regions or in vehicles built beforeapproximately August 1, 2017.

Note: Dashcam only works when Model S ispowered on (see Starting and Powering Off onpage 52). Dashcam does not record videowhen your vehicle is powered off.

Using DashcamDashcam requires a dedicated flash drive withFAT32 format (NTFS and exFAT are notcurrently supported). Before you can use theflash drive for dashcam, you must manuallyadd a base-level folder in the flash drive called“TeslaCam” (without quotation marks). Thisfolder is required for Model S to know whereto store the video files; dashcam does notwork without it.

After adding the required folder to yoursupported flash drive, insert it into one of yourvehicle's front USB ports (see Interior Storageand Electronics on page 20). The rear USBports are meant for charging mobile devicesand do not support dashcam. When Model Srecognizes the flash drive, which may takeapproximately 15 seconds, a dashcam iconappears in the status bar at the top of yourtouchscreen and dashcam automaticallybegins recording.

Touch the dashcam icon to control dashcam:

RECORDING. Tap the dashcamicon, when dashcam is paused, tostart recording video on the flashdrive. The dashcam temporarilystores approximately one hour ofthe most recent video footage onthe flash drive before new videobegins overwriting old video.

PAUSED. Press and hold thedashcam icon, when recording, topause recording. Ensure that thedashcam is paused beforeremoving the flash drive to avoidlosing camera footage.

SAVED. Tap the dashcam icon,when recording, to archive themost recent ten minutes of video.The video files are saved on theflash drive with a uniquetimestamp. These saved videorecordings are not overwritten bynew recordings.

To access the video footage from dashcam,pause the dashcam, then remove the flashdrive and use a personal computer to accessthe video files located in the “TeslaCam”folder.

Caution: You may lose up to the last 60seconds of camera footage if you removethe flash drive before pausing dashcam orif your vehicle loses 12V power.

Caution: Use a flash drive that isdedicated to dashcam only. The flashdrive cannot also be used to play mediafiles, and Tesla is not responsible for anypersonal files becoming lost or corrupted.

Note: Tesla recommends using a flash drivewith as much available storage as possible;saving the most recent ten-minutes of videorequires approximately 1 GB, and the hour-long video footage loop requiresapproximately 8 GB of free space. If your flashdrive does not have sufficient storage, an "X"displays on the dashcam icon and dashcammay be unable to save video files.

Note: Refer to About Autopilot on page 82for information on limitations of the camerasand how to clean it. For best results, ensurethat both the cameras and the windshieldhave good visibility.

Dashcam

Driving 81

Autopilot

About Autopilot

How It WorksYour Model S includes the following Autopilot components that actively monitor the surroundingroadway:

1. A camera is mounted above the rear license plate.2. Ultrasonic sensors are located in the front and rear bumpers.3. A camera is mounted in each door pillar.4. Three cameras are mounted to the windshield above the rear view mirror.5. A camera is mounted to each front fender.6. Radar is mounted behind the front bumper on the left side of the vehicle.

Model S is also equipped with high precision electronically-assisted braking and steering systems.

About Autopilot


FeaturesThese safety features are available on allModel S equipped with Autopilot components:

• Lane Assist (see Lane Assist on page 102).• Collision Avoidance Assist (see Collision

Avoidance Assist on page 104).• Speed Assist (see Speed Assist on page

107).• Auto High Beam (see High Beam

Headlights on page 57).

These Autopilot convenience features aredesigned to reduce driver workload:

Note: Depending on options purchased,software version, and market region, yourvehicle may not be equipped with allAutopilot convenience features.

• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 85)

• Autosteer (see Autosteer on page 91)• Auto Lane Change (see Auto Lane

Change on page 93)• Autopark (see Autopark on page 98)• Summon (see Summon on page 100)• Navigate on Autopilot (see Navigate on

Autopilot on page 94)

You can enable/disable these features and insome cases, control how they work. To accesssettings, touch Controls > Autopilot.

CalibrationModel S must maneuver with a great deal ofprecision when Autopilot features are beingused. Therefore, before some features (forexample, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control orAutosteer) can be used for the first time, somecameras must complete a self-calibrationprocess.

Calibration typically completes after driving32-40 km, but the distance varies dependingon road and environmental conditions. Drivingon a straight road with highly-visible lane linesallows Model S to calibrate quicker. Whencalibration is complete, the features areavailable for use. Contact Tesla if your Model Shas not completed the calibration processafter driving 160 km.

Note: If you attempt to use a feature that isnot available until the calibration process iscomplete, the feature will not be enabled andthe instrument panel displays a message.

Note: Model S repeats the calibration processif the cameras are serviced by Tesla and insome cases, after a software update.

LimitationsMany factors can impact the performance ofAutopilot components, causing them to beunable to function as intended. These include(but are not limited to):

• Poor visibility (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).

• Bright light (due to oncoming headlights,direct sunlight, etc.).

• Damage or obstructions caused by mud,ice, snow, etc.

• Interference or obstruction by object(s)mounted onto the vehicle (such as a bikerack).

• Obstruction caused by applying excessivepaint or adhesive products (such aswraps, stickers, rubber coating, etc.) ontothe vehicle.

• Narrow or winding roads.• A damaged or misaligned bumper.• Interference from other equipment that

generates ultrasonic waves.• Extremely hot or cold temperatures.

Warning: The list above does notrepresent an exhaustive list of situationsthat may interfere with proper operationof Autopilot components. Never dependon these components to keep you safe. Itis the driver's responsibility to stay alert,drive safely, and be in control of thevehicle at all times.

Caution: If a windshield replacement isneeded, take your vehicle to Tesla Service.This will ensure appropriate handling andmounting of the camera(s). Failure to doso can cause one or more Autopilotfeatures to malfunction.

Cleaning Cameras and SensorsTo ensure the various Autopilot componentscan provide information that is as accurate aspossible, keep them clean and free ofobstructions or damage. Occasionally removeany buildup of dirt by wiping the componentswith a soft cloth dampened with warm water.

Caution: Do not use chemical-based orabrasive cleaners. Doing so can damagesurfaces.

About Autopilot

Autopilot 83

Caution: Avoid using a high-pressurepower washer.

Caution: Do not clean an ultrasonic sensoror camera lens with a sharp or abrasiveobject that can scratch or damage itssurface.

About Autopilot


Traffic-Aware Cruise Control

Note: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is a BETAfeature.

Note: If your vehicle is not equipped with anoptional Autopilot package, refer to theowner's manual on your vehicle's touchscreenfor instructions on how to use Cruise Control.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (if equipped)uses the forward looking cameras and theradar sensor to determine when there is avehicle in front of you in the same lane. If thearea in front of Model S is clear, Traffic-AwareCruise Control maintains a set driving speed.When a vehicle is detected, Traffic-AwareCruise Control is designed to slow downModel S as needed to maintain a selectedtime-based distance from the vehicle in front,up to the set speed. Traffic-Aware CruiseControl does not eliminate the need to watchthe road in front of you and to manually applythe brakes when needed.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is primarilyintended for driving on dry, straight roads,such as highways and freeways. It should notbe used on city streets.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isdesigned for your driving comfort andconvenience and is not a collision warningor avoidance system. It is yourresponsibility to stay alert, drive safely,and be in control of the vehicle at alltimes. Never depend on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to adequately slow downModel S. Always watch the road in frontof you and be prepared to take correctiveaction at all times. Failure to do so canresult in serious injury or death.

Warning: Although Traffic-Aware CruiseControl is capable of detectingpedestrians and cyclists, never depend onTraffic-Aware Cruise Control toadequately slow Model S down for them.Always watch the road in front of you andbe prepared to take corrective action atall times. Failure to do so can result inserious injury or death.

Warning: Do not use Traffic-Aware CruiseControl on city streets or on roads wheretraffic conditions are constantly changing.

Warning: Do not use Traffic-Aware CruiseControl on winding roads with sharpcurves, on icy or slippery road surfaces, orwhen weather conditions (such as heavyrain, snow, fog, etc.) make it inappropriateto drive at a consistent speed. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control does not adapt

driving speed based on road and drivingconditions.

To Use Traffic-Aware Cruise ControlTo use Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, you mustbe driving at least 30 km/h, unless a vehicle isdetected ahead of you. If a vehicle is detectedahead of you, you can use Traffic-AwareCruise Control at any speed, even whenstationary, provided Model S is at least 150 cmbehind the detected vehicle.

When Traffic-Aware CruiseControl is available but is notactively cruising at aspecified set speed, theinstrument panel displays agray speedometer icon onthe left side of your currentdriving speed. The numbershown in gray is the speedlimit that is beingdetermined by Speed Assist(see Controlling Speed Assiston page 107).

Set the Cruising SpeedYou can set the cruising speed to either:

• Your current driving speed. The minimumspeed you can set is 30 km/h and themaximum is 150 km/h. It is the driver'sresponsibility to cruise at a safe speedbased on road conditions and speedlimits.

• The speed limit, plus any offset you havespecified (see Speed Assist on page 107).

To set the cruising speed to your currentdriving speed, move the cruise control leverup or down.


Autopilot 85

To set the cruising speed to the speed limitplus any offset you've specified using SpeedAssist, pull the cruise control lever toward you.If you are already driving faster than the speedlimit, the set speed does not adjust to thespeed limit—it adjusts to your current drivingspeed. If you move the cruise control level upor down after setting Traffic-Aware CruiseControl to cruise at the speed limit, your setspeed becomes your current driving speed.

After setting the cruising speed, release theaccelerator pedal to allow Traffic-Aware CruiseControl to maintain your set speed.

When the cruising speed isset, the speedometer icon onthe instrument panel turnsblue and displays the setspeed.

Note: Double-pulling the cruise control levertoward you engages Autosteer (assuming ithas been enabled as described in Autosteeron page 91). In this case, if you are notalready cruising at a set speed, the cruisingspeed is set to either your current drivingspeed or the speed limit (plus any specifiedoffset), whichever is greater.

Warning: When you adjust the cruisingspeed based on the speed limit, the setspeed does not change when the speedlimit changes. You must pull the cruisecontrol lever again to cruise at the newspeed limit. You can also manually adjustyour cruising speed at any time (see Changing the Set Speed on page 87).

Warning: Do not rely on Traffic-AwareCruise Control or Speed Assist todetermine an accurate or appropriatecruising speed. Always cruise at a safespeed based on road conditions andapplicable speed limits.

Cruising at the Set SpeedTraffic-Aware Cruise Control maintains yourset cruising speed whenever a vehicle is notdetected in front of Model S. When cruisingbehind a detected vehicle, Traffic-AwareCruise Control accelerates and deceleratesModel S as needed to maintain a chosenfollowing distance (see Adjust the FollowingDistance on page 88), up to the set speed.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control also adjusts thecruising speed when entering and exitingcurves.

You can manually accelerate at any time whencruising at a set speed, but when you releasethe accelerator, Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlresumes cruising at the set speed.

Note: If traveling 80 km/h or faster, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control requires that you be in apassing lane in order to pass a vehicle. If youare in a non-passing lane (to the right of avehicle in right-hand traffic or to the left of avehicle in left-hand traffic), Traffic-AwareCruise Control prevents you from passingvehicles. Instead, Model S slows down tomatch the vehicle's speed as if it were in thesame lane as Model S. If you press theaccelerator pedal to pass the vehicle, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control continues to allow youto pass vehicles in the non-passing lane untilyou either change lanes or cancel and resumecruising (at which point it again prevents youfrom passing vehicles in a non-passing laneagain).

Note: When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isactively slowing down Model S to maintain theselected distance from the vehicle ahead,brake lights turn on to alert other road usersthat you are slowing down. You may noticeslight movement of the brake pedal. However,when Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isaccelerating Model S, the accelerator pedaldoes not move.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay occasionally cause Model S to brakewhen not required or when you are notexpecting it. This can be caused byclosely following a vehicle ahead,detecting vehicles or objects in adjacentlanes (especially on curves), etc.

Warning: Due to limitations inherent inthe onboard GPS (Global PositioningSystem), you may experience situations inwhich Traffic-Aware Cruise Control slowsdown the vehicle, especially near highwayexits where a curve is detected and/or



you are actively navigating to adestination and not following the route.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcannot detect all objects and, especiallyin situations when you are driving over80 km/h, may not brake/decelerate whena vehicle or object is only partially in thedriving lane or when a vehicle you arefollowing moves out of your driving pathand a stationary or slow-moving vehicleor object is in front of you. Always payattention to the road ahead and stayprepared to take immediate correctiveaction. Depending on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to avoid a collision canresult in serious injury or death. Inaddition, Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay react to vehicles or objects thateither do not exist or are not in the laneof travel, causing Model S to slow downunnecessarily or inappropriately.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay be unable to provide adequatespeed control because of limited brakingcapability and hills. It can also misjudgethe distance from a vehicle ahead. Drivingdownhill can increase driving speed,causing Model S to exceed your set speed(and potentially the road's speed limit).Never depend on Traffic-Aware CruiseControl to slow down the vehicle enoughto prevent a collision. Always keep youreyes on the road when driving and beprepared to take corrective action asneeded. Depending on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to slow the vehicle downenough to prevent a collision can result inserious injury or death.

Changing the Set SpeedTo change the set speed while using Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, move the cruise controllever up (increase) or down (decrease) untilyour desired set speed is displayed.

To increase/decrease speed by 1 km/h, movethe lever up or down to the first position andrelease. To increase/decrease speed to theclosest 5 km/h increment, move the lever up/down to the second position and release. Forexample, if you are traveling at 83 km/h andyou move the lever up to the second positionand release, the speed increases to 85 km/h.You can also increase/decrease speed byholding the lever in the full up/down positionand releasing when the desired speed displaysbelow the cruise control icon.

Note: It may take a few seconds for Model S toreach the new cruising speed, assumingModel S does not detect a vehicle aheaddriving slower than your set speed.

HOLD StateWhen following a vehicle, Traffic-Aware CruiseControl remains active at low speeds, evenwhen Model S comes to a full stop. When thevehicle is moving again, Traffic-Aware CruiseControl resumes operating at the set speed.However, under the following circumstances,Traffic-Aware Cruise Control goes into a HOLDstate, in which case, you need to briefly pressthe accelerator pedal or pull the cruise controllever toward you (see Canceling andResuming on page 89) to resume cruising.When the HOLD status is active, theinstrument panel displays the HOLD icon anda message that indicates that you need toresume cruise control. The followingcircumstances can cause Traffic-Aware CruiseControl to go into the HOLD state:


Autopilot 87

• Model S has been at a standstill for 5minutes.

• Model S detects a pedestrian (the HOLDstate may clear when the pedestrian is nolonger detected).

• Model S suddenly loses visibility of thevehicle in front of you.

• The ultrasonic sensors detect an obstaclein front of Model S.

Cruising Near or On Freeway ExitsWhen cruising near an exit on a controlledaccess road (such as a highway or freeway)and engaging the turn signal toward the exit,Traffic-Aware Cruise Control assumes you areexiting and begins to slow down the vehicle. Ifyou do not drive onto the exit, Traffic-AwareCruise Control resumes cruising at the setspeed. In a region with right hand traffic, thisoccurs only when you engage the right turnsignal when driving in the right-most lanewithin 50 meters of an exit. Likewise in regionswith left hand traffic; when engaging the leftturn signal when driving in the left-most lanewithin 50 meters of an exit.

Note: The onboard Global Positioning System(GPS) determines if you are driving in a regionwith right or left hand traffic. In situationswhere GPS data is unavailable (for example, ifthere is inadequate signal), engaging the turnsignal near an exit does not cause Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to slow down Model S.

When enabled while on a highway interchangeor off-ramp in certain regions, Traffic-AwareCruise Control may reduce your set speed in5 km/h increments – to as slow as 40 km/h –to better match the reported speeds of otherTesla vehicles that have driven at that specificlocation. To override this and continue cruisingat your set speed, tap the accelerator pedal ormove the cruise stalk. The new set speed ismaintained for the duration of the interchangeor off-ramp (unless you override it or cancelTraffic-Aware Cruise Control). After theinterchange or off-ramp, the set speed mayrevert or change as necessary based on thenew location. For example, if you merged ontoa different highway, the set speed reverts backto the set speed that was in use before drivingon the interchange.

Warning: In some cases (such as havinginsufficient data), Traffic-Aware CruiseControl may not automatically reduce theset speed on the highway interchange oroff-ramp. Do not rely on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to determine an

appropriate driving speed. Teslarecommends driving at a speed that issafe for road conditions and withinposted speed limits.

Adjust the Following DistanceTo adjust the following distance you want tomaintain between Model S and a vehicletraveling ahead of you, rotate the cruisecontrol lever to choose a setting from 1 (theclosest following distance) to 7 (the longestfollowing distance). Each setting correspondsto a time-based distance that represents howlong it takes for Model S, from its currentlocation, to reach the location of the rearbumper of the vehicle ahead of you.

As you rotate the cruise control lever, theinstrument panel displays the current setting.Release the lever when the desired setting isdisplayed.

Note: Your setting is retained until youmanually change it.

Warning: It is the driver's responsibility todetermine and maintain a safe followingdistance at all times. Do not rely onTraffic-Aware Cruise Control to maintainan accurate or appropriate followingdistance.

Warning: Never depend on Traffic-AwareCruise Control to adequately slow downModel S to avoid a collision. Always watchthe road in front of you and stay preparedto take immediate corrective action.



Overtake AccelerationWhen following a vehicle with Traffic-AwareCruise Control active, briefly engaging theturn signal (to indicate a move into thepassing lane) accelerates Model S towards thevehicle ahead. By momentarily holding theturn signal lever up or down, you can quicklyaccelerate up to your set speed withouthaving to press the accelerator pedal. The turnsignal causes acceleration only when all of thefollowing conditions are met:

• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is operatingand detects a vehicle in front of you.

• No obstacles or vehicles are detected inthe target lane.

• Model S is traveling below the set speed,but over 72 km/h.

Overtake Acceleration is intended as an aidwhen passing a vehicle ahead of you. Whenthe turn signal is engaged, Traffic-AwareCruise Control continues to maintain distancefrom the vehicle ahead, but allows you to driveslightly closer than your selected distance.

Acceleration cancels when one of theconditions happen:

• You reach your set cruising speed.• Changing lanes takes too long.• Model S gets too close to the vehicle

ahead.

OR• You disengage the turn signal.

Note: Overtake Acceleration occurs when youeither fully engage the turn signal, or you holdthe turn signal in the momentary position(partially engaged). When you release ordisengage the turn signal, Model S stopsaccelerating (in the same way as when yourelease the accelerator pedal) and resumesthe set speed.

Warning: Overtake Acceleration cancancel for many unforeseen reasons inaddition to those listed above (forexample, lack of GPS data). Stay alert andnever depend on Overtake Accelerationto increase your driving speed.

Warning: Overtake Acceleration increasesyour driving speed whenever theappropriate turn signal is engaged, andaccelerates Model S closer to the vehicleahead. Although Traffic-Aware CruiseControl continues to maintain distancefrom the vehicle ahead, it is important tobe aware that your selected followingdistance is reduced when Overtake

Acceleration is active, particularly in caseswhere it may not be your intention toovertake the vehicle you are following.

Canceling and ResumingTo manually cancel Traffic-Aware CruiseControl, briefly push the cruise control leveraway from you or press the brake pedal. Thespeedometer icon on the instrument panelturns gray to indicate that Traffic-AwareCruise Control is no longer active.

To resume cruising at the previously set speed,briefly pull the cruise control lever toward you.

To resume cruising at the current drivingspeed, move the cruise control lever up ordown, then release

Note: When Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcancels, Model S does not coast. Instead,regenerative braking slows down Model S inthe same way as when you move your foot offthe accelerator when driving without Traffic-


Autopilot 89

Aware Cruise Control (see RegenerativeBraking on page 67).

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcancels, or may not be available, in thefollowing situations:

• You press the brake pedal.• Your driving speed exceeds the

maximum cruising speed of 150 km/h.• You shift Model S into a different

gear.• A door is opened.• The view from the radar sensor or

camera(s) is obstructed. This couldbe caused by dirt, mud, ice, snow, fog,etc.

• The traction control setting ismanually disabled or is repeatedlyengaging to prevent wheels fromslipping.

• The wheels are spinning while at astandstill.

• The Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlsystem is failing or requires service.

When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isunavailable or cancels, Model S no longerdrives consistently at a set speed and nolonger maintains a specified distancefrom the vehicle ahead.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control cancancel unexpectedly at any time forunforeseen reasons. Always watch theroad in front of you and stay prepared totake appropriate action. It is the driver'sresponsibility to be in control of Model Sat all times.

Summary of Cruise Indicators

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isavailable but is not activelycontrolling your speed until youactivate it. The number shown ingray is determined by Speed Assist(see Controlling Speed Assist onpage 107).

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isoperating and is either maintainingthe set speed (no vehicle in front) oris maintaining a chosen followingdistance from a vehicle ahead (up tothe set speed).

Model S has fully stopped but is in aHOLD state. If safe, press theaccelerator pedal to resume cruisingat the set speed.

LimitationsTraffic-Aware Cruise Control is particularlyunlikely to operate as intended in thefollowing types of situations:

• The road has sharp curves.• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow,

fog, etc.).• Bright light (such as from oncoming

headlights or direct sunlight) is interferingwith the view of the camera(s).

• The radar sensor is obstructed (dirty,covered, etc.).

• The windshield is obstructing the view ofthe camera(s) (fogged over, dirty, coveredby a sticker, etc.).

Warning: The list above does notrepresent an exhaustive list of situationsthat may interfere with proper operationof Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.



Autosteer

Note: Autosteer is a BETA feature.

Autosteer builds upon Traffic-Aware CruiseControl (see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control onpage 85), intelligently keeping Model S in itsdriving lane when cruising at a set speed.Autosteer also allows you to use the turnsignals to move Model S into an adjacent lane(see Auto Lane Change on page 93). Usingthe vehicle's camera(s), the radar sensor, andthe ultrasonic sensors, Autosteer detects lanemarkings and the presence of vehicles andobjects to assist you in steering Model S.

Warning: Autosteer is a hands-on feature.You must keep your hands on the steeringwheel at all times.

Warning: Autosteer is intended for useonly on highways and limited-accessroads with a fully attentive driver. Whenusing Autosteer, hold the steering wheeland be mindful of road conditions andsurrounding traffic. Do not use Autosteeron city streets, in construction zones, orin areas where bicyclists or pedestriansmay be present. Never depend onAutosteer to determine an appropriatedriving path. Always be prepared to takeimmediate action. Failure to follow theseinstructions could cause damage, seriousinjury or death.

Operating AutosteerBefore you can operate Autosteer, you mustenable it by touching Controls > Autopilot >Autosteer (Beta).

To indicate that Autosteer isavailable (but not activelysteering Model S), theinstrument panel displays agray Autosteer icon on theright side of the drivingspeed.

To initiate Autosteer, pull the cruise controllever toward you twice in quick succession.

Autosteer briefly displays a message on theinstrument panel reminding you to payattention to the road and have your hands onthe steering wheel. To indicate that Autosteeris now actively assisting in steering Model S,the instrument panel displays the Autosteericon in blue. When Autosteer is able to detectlane markings, it also displays the driving lanein blue.

Note: To initiate Autosteer when there is novehicle in front of you, you must be driving atleast 30 km/h on a roadway with visible lanemarkings. If a vehicle is detected ahead of you,you can initiate Autosteer at any speed under150 km/h, even when stationary (if you are atleast 150 cm away from the vehicle).

The instrument panel displays a messageindicating that Autosteer is temporarilyunavailable if you attempted to engageAutosteer when driving at a speed that is notwithin the speed required for Autosteer tooperate. Autosteer may also be unavailable ifit is not receiving adequate data from thecamera(s) or sensors.

Autosteer

Autopilot 91

If Autosteer is unable to detect lane markings,the driving lane is determined based on thevehicle you are following.

In most cases, Autosteer attempts to centerModel S in the driving lane. However, if thesensors detect the presence of an obstacle(such as a vehicle or guard rail), Autosteermay steer Model S in a driving path that isoffset from the center of the lane.

Warning: Autosteer is not designed to,and will not, steer Model S around objectspartially or completely in the driving lane.Always watch the road in front of you andstay prepared to take appropriate action.It is the driver's responsibility to be incontrol of Model S at all times.

Warning: Steering is limited whenAutosteer is enabled. Therefore, Model Smay not be able to handle tight turns. Beprepared to take control of the vehicle atall times.

Restricted Speed

Autosteer is intended for use only by a fullyattentive driver on freeways and highwayswhere access is limited by entry and exitramps. If you choose to use Autosteer onresidential roads, a road without a centerdivider, or a road where access is not limited,Autosteer may limit the maximum allowedcruising speed. The maximum allowed cruisingspeed on such roads is calculated based onthe detected speed limit including a SpeedAssist offset of up to +10 km/h. Any SpeedAssist offset above +10 km/h is rounded downto +10 km/h. However, you can select a morerestrictive cruising speed by reducing thespeed limit offset (see Controlling SpeedAssist on page 107) or by adjusting the cruisecontrol lever.

In situations where the speed limit cannot bedetected when Autosteer is engaged,Autosteer reduces your driving speed andlimits the set speed to 70 km/h. Although youcan manually accelerate to exceed the limitedspeed, Model S may not brake for detectedobstacles. Autosteer will slow down to thelimited speed when you release theaccelerator pedal. When you leave the road, ordisengage Autosteer by using the steeringwheel, you can increase your set speed again,if desired.

Hold Steering Wheel

Autosteer uses data from the camera(s),sensors, and GPS to determine how best toassist you in steering Model S. When active,Autosteer requires you to hold the steeringwheel. If it does not detect your hands on thesteering wheel for a period of time, a flashingwhite light appears along the top of theinstrument panel and the following messagedisplays:

Autosteer detects your hands by recognizinglight resistance as the steering wheel turns, orfrom you manually turning the steering wheelvery lightly (without enough force to retakecontrol).

Note: When your hands are detected, themessage disappears and Autosteer resumesnormal operation.

Note: Autosteer may also sound a chime atthe same time that the message is initiallydisplayed.

Autosteer requires that you pay attention toyour surroundings and remain prepared totake control at any time. If Autosteer still doesnot detect your hands on the steering wheel,the request escalates by sounding chimes thatincrease in frequency.

If you repeatedly ignore Autosteer's promptsfor having your hands on the steering wheel,Autosteer disables for the rest of the drive anddisplays the following message. If you don'tresume manual steering, Autosteer sounds acontinuous chime, turns on the warningflashers, and slows the vehicle to a completestop.

For the rest of the drive, you must steermanually. Autosteer is available again on yournext drive (after you stop and shift Model Sinto Park).

Autosteer is Aborting

In situations where Autosteer is unable toassist in steering Model S, Autosteer aborts,sounds a warning chime, and displays thefollowing message on the instrument panel:

Autosteer


Canceling Autosteer

Autosteer cancels when:

• You apply rotational force to the steeringwheel (even a slight amount).

• You press the brake pedal.• You push the cruise control lever away

from you.• The maximum speed that Autosteer

supports–150 km/h–is exceeded.• You shift into a different gear.• A door is opened.• An Automatic Emergency Braking event

occurs (see Collision Avoidance Assist onpage 104).

When Autosteer cancels, it sounds chimes andthe Autosteer icon either turns gray toindicate that Autosteer is no longer active, ordisappears to indicate that it is not currentlyavailable.

Note: If Autosteer cancels because youapplied rotational force to the steering wheel,Traffic-Aware Cruise Control remains active.Disengage Traffic-Aware Cruise Control as younormally would, by briefly pushing the cruisecontrol lever away from you or pressing thebrake pedal.

To disable Autosteer so it is no longeravailable, touch Controls > Autopilot >Autosteer (Beta).

Auto Lane ChangeWhen Autosteer is active on a vehicleequipped with Auto Lane Change, you can usethe turn signals to move Model S into anadjacent lane.

Warning: It is the driver's responsibility todetermine whether a lane change is safeand appropriate. Therefore, beforeinitiating a lane change, always checkblind spots, lane markings, and thesurrounding roadway to confirm it is safeand appropriate to move into the targetlane.

Warning: Never depend on Auto LaneChange to determine an appropriatedriving path. Drive attentively bywatching the road and traffic ahead ofyou, checking the surrounding area, and

monitoring the instrument panel forwarnings. Always be prepared to takeimmediate action.

Warning: Do not use Auto Lane Changeon city streets or on roads where trafficconditions are constantly changing andwhere bicycles and pedestrians arepresent.

Warning: The performance of Auto LaneChange depends on the ability of thecamera(s) to recognize lane markings.

Warning: Do not use Auto Lane Changeon winding roads with sharp curves, onicy or slippery roads, or when weatherconditions (such as heavy rain, snow, fog,etc.) may be obstructing the view fromthe camera(s) or sensors.

Warning: Failure to follow all warningsand instructions can result in propertydamage, serious injury or death.

Operating Auto Lane Change

Auto Lane Change is available wheneverAutosteer is active. To change lanes usingAuto Lane Change:

1. Perform visual checks to make sure it issafe and appropriate to move into thetarget lane

2. Lightly push the turn signal up or down(do not push the lever fully up or down) toturn left or right respectively. Initiate thelane change by having your hands on thesteering wheel.

3. Disengage the turn signal after you are inthe target lane.

Auto Lane Change assists in moving Model Sinto the adjacent lane in the directionindicated by the turn signal, provided thefollowing conditions are met:

• Auto Lane Change detected your handson the steering wheel.

• The turn signal is engaged.• The ultrasonic sensors and Autopilot

cameras do not detect a vehicle orobstacle up to the center of the targetlane.

• The lane markings indicate that a lanechange is permitted.

• The view of the camera(s) is notobstructed.

• Your vehicle does not detect anothervehicle in its blind spot.

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Autopilot 93

• Midway through the lane change, AutoLane Change can detect the outside lanemarking of the target lane.

• Driving speed is at least 45 km/h.

As the lane change is in progress, OvertakeAcceleration is activated, allowing Model S toaccelerate closer to a vehicle in front (see Overtake Acceleration on page 89). Midwaythrough the lane change, Auto Lane Changemust detect the target lane's outside lanemarking. If this lane marking cannot bedetected, the lane change is aborted andModel S returns to its original driving lane.

Note: Auto Lane Change assists in movingModel S one lane at a time. Moving into anadditional lane requires you to engage theturn signal a second time after the first lanechange is complete.

When using Auto Lane Change, it is importantto monitor its performance by watching thedriving path in front of you and thesurrounding area. Stay prepared to take oversteering at any time. As you are crossing overinto the adjacent lane, the instrument paneldisplays the lane marking as a dashed blueline. Once in your new lane, lane markings aredisplayed as solid blue lines again.

In situations where Auto Lane Change isunable to operate at optimal performance, orcannot operate due to inadequate data, theinstrument panel displays a series of warnings.Therefore, when using Auto Lane Change,always pay attention to the instrument paneland be prepared to manually steer Model S.

Navigate on AutopilotNote: Navigate on Autopilot is a BETA feature.

When using Autosteer on a controlled-accessroad (such as a highway or freeway), Navigateon Autopilot automatically exits at off-rampsand interchanges based on your navigationroute. Along the highway portion of anavigation route, Navigate on Autopilot alsochanges lanes to prepare for exits and tominimize the driving time to your destination.

Warning: Navigate on Autopilot does notmake driving autonomous. You must payattention to the road, keep your hands onthe steering wheel at all times, andremain aware of your navigation route.

Warning: As is the case with normaldriving, be extra careful around blindcorners, highway interchanges, and exitsbecause obstacles can appear quicklyand at any time.

Warning: Navigate on Autopilot may notrecognize or detect oncoming vehicles,stationary objects, and special-use lanessuch as those used exclusively for bikes,carpools, emergency vehicles, etc.Remain alert at all times and be preparedto take immediate action. Failure to do socan cause damage, injury or death.

Enabling and Customizing Navigate onAutopilot

To enable Navigate on Autopilot, touchControls > Autopilot > Navigate on Autopilot(Beta). Then, to customize how you wantNavigate on Autopilot to operate, touchCUSTOMIZE NAVIGATE ON AUTOPILOT:

• Enable At Start Of Every Trip: Choosewhether or not you want to automaticallyenable Navigate on Autopilot for everynavigation route. When enabled, theNavigate on Autopilot button on the turn-by-turn direction list is already enabled atthe start of every trip.

• Speed Based Lane Changes: Navigate onAutopilot is designed to perform bothroute-based and speed-based lanechanges. Route-based lane changes aredesigned to keep you on your navigationroute (for example, moving you into anadjacent lane to prepare for an upcomingoff-ramp) whereas speed-based lanechanges are designed to maintain adriving speed (not to exceed your cruisingspeed) that allows you to minimize thetime it takes to reach your destination (forexample, moving into an adjacent lane topass a vehicle in front of you). Speed-based lanes changes are optional. You canuse this setting to disable speed-basedlane changes or to specify howaggressively you want Navigate onAutopilot to change lanes to achieve theset cruising speed. The MILD setting ismore conservative about lane changesand may result in a slightly longer drivingtime whereas MAD MAX is designed toallow you to reach your destination in theshortest driving time possible, but willonly change lanes when safe to do so.

Autosteer


• Require Lane Change Confirmation: Bydefault, Navigate on Autopilot requiresyour confirmation before proceeding witha lane change (by engaging theappropriate turn signal). However, if youwant Navigate on Autopilot to changelanes without requiring this confirmation,turn this setting off. When you turn thesetting off, you can specify if or how youwant to be notified of lane changes (Off,Chime, Vibrate, or Both).

Warning: If you turn off Require LaneChange Confirmation, Navigate onAutopilot notifies you of upcominglane changes and off-ramps, but itremains your responsibility to monitorthe environment and maintain controlof Model S at all times. Lane changescan occur quickly and suddenly.Always keep your hands on the wheeland your eyes on the driving path infront of you.

Note: In addition to route-based and speed-based lane changes, Navigate on Autopilotalso requests a lane change to the right as areminder to stay out of the left-most lanewhen you are not passing other vehicles.

Note: The touchscreen displays route-basedlane changes at the top of the map's turn-by-turn direction list to notify you that anupcoming lane change is needed to stay onthe navigation route.

Operating Navigate on Autopilot

Once enabled, the Navigate on Autopilotbutton appears on the map’s turn-by-turndirection list whenever a navigation route isactive and the route includes at least onecontrolled-access road. Touch this button toallow Navigate on Autopilot to assist you onyour journey. When enabled, the Navigate onAutopilot button is blue and the turn-by-turndirection displays the Autosteer icon next tomaneuvers (such as freeway exits) thatNavigate on Autopilot will handle.

Navigate on Autopilot activates anddeactivates as appropriate, based on the typeof road you are driving on. For example, ifAutosteer is active and the Navigate onAutopilot setting is turned on, Navigate onAutopilot automatically becomes active whenyou reach a supported controlled-accessportion of your navigation route.

Whenever Navigate on Autopilot is active, theinstrument panel displays the driving lane as asingle blue line in front of Model S:

When Navigate on Autopilot is active and youapproach an off-ramp or freeway interchangealong your navigation route, the appropriateturn signal engages and Autosteer maneuversModel S onto the off-ramp or interchange.

Warning: Never depend on Navigate onAutopilot to determine an appropriatelane at an off-ramp. Stay alert andperform visual checks to ensure that thedriving lane is safe and appropriate.

When you leave a controlled-access road (forexample, you exit a freeway or you enter asection of the navigation route that is nolonger supported), Navigate on Autopilotreverts back to Autosteer— a unique triple-tone chime sounds and the instrument paneldisplays the driving lane lines in blue (insteadof the single blue in front of Model S). Whenyou exit onto an off-ramp, the instrumentpanel briefly displays a countdown messagewarning you of the distance remaining beforeNavigate on Autopilot reverts back toAutosteer.

Note: The way Navigate on Autopilotdetermines navigation routes and maneuversat freeway interchanges can be impacted bywhether or not the navigation system is set upto use High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes.Therefore, ensure the Use HOV Lanes settingis appropriate for your circumstances (see Maps and Navigation on page 125). If thesetting is off, Navigate on Autopilot neveruses an HOV lane, regardless of time of day. Ifthe setting is on, Navigate on Autopilot will

Autosteer

Autopilot 95

always include the use of the HOV lane,whenever it exists.

Warning: Even when Navigate onAutopilot deactivates at off-ramps,Autosteer remains active. Always beprepared to take appropriate actions suchas stopping at red lights and stop signs,and yielding to other road users.

Warning: Navigate on Autopilot may notalways attempt to exit at an off-ramp,even when the exit is determined by thenavigation route. Always remain alert andbe prepared to manually steer onto theoff-ramp, or make a required lane change.

You can cancel Navigate on Autopilot at anytime by touching the Navigate on Autopilotbutton on the map’s turn-by-turn direction list(your vehicle reverts back to Autosteer), or bycanceling Autosteer entirely (see CancelingAutosteer on page 93).

Lane Changes

Navigate on Autopilot changes lanes to eitherprepare Model S for an upcoming off-ramp, toincrease your driving speed (not to exceedyour set cruising speed), or to move Model Sout of a left-most lane when you are notpassing other vehicles. A message displays atthe top of the map's turn-by-turn direction listto notify you when an upcoming lane changeis required to stay on your navigation route.The line on the instrument panel shows theupcoming driving path:

When the instrument panel displays amessage asking you to confirm the lanechange, engage the appropriate turn signal. Ifyou do not confirm the lane change withinthree seconds, a chime sounds to remind youthat Navigate on Autopilot requires yourconfirmation to change lanes.

If Require Lane Change Confirmation is turnedoff, Navigate on Autopilot engages theappropriate turn signal, checks for vehiclesand objects, and when appropriate,maneuvers Model S into the adjacent lane.

If Require Lane Change Confirmation is turnedon, you must engage the appropriate turnsignal to confirm that you want Navigate onAutopilot to make the lane change. If you donot confirm the lane change within threeseconds, a chime sounds to remind you thatNavigate on Autopilot requires yourconfirmation to change lanes.

Note: If you ignore a route-based lane changesuggestion (for example, you are driving in theleft lane while approaching an off-ramp on theright side of the highway), Navigate onAutopilot will be unable to maneuver onto theoff-ramp and as a result, the navigationsystem will re-route you to your destination.

Warning: Navigate on Autopilot may notalways attempt to exit at an off-ramp orchange lanes, even when an exit or lanechange is determined by the navigationroute. Always remain alert and beprepared to manually steer onto an off-ramp, or make a lane change to preparefor, or to exit at, an off-ramp orinterchange.

Be Ready to Assist

When attempting to change lanes ormaneuver Model S, or when approachingconstruction zones, Navigate on Autopilotmay be unable to determine the appropriatedriving lane (for example, complex clover leafsand multi-lane off-ramps) and the instrumentpanel displays an alert indicating thatNavigate on Autopilot is trying to maneuverand may require assistance. When you see themessage, be prepared to take immediateaction to ensure that it is safe and appropriateto complete the lane change or maneuver.

LimitationsAutosteer and its associated functions areparticularly unlikely to operate as intendedwhen:

Autosteer


• Autosteer is unable to accuratelydetermine lane markings. For example,lane markings are excessively worn, havevisible previous markings, have beenadjusted due to road construction, arechanging quickly (lanes branching off,crossing over, or merging), objects orlandscape features are casting strongshadows on the lane markings, or the roadsurface contains pavement seams or otherhigh-contrast lines.

• Visibility is poor (heavy rain, snow, fog,etc.) or weather conditions are interferingwith sensor operation.

• A camera(s) or sensor(s) is obstructed,covered, or damaged.

• Driving on hills.• Approaching a toll booth.• Driving on a road that has sharp curves or

is excessively rough.• Bright light (such as direct sunlight) is

interfering with the view of the camera(s).• The sensors are affected by other

electrical equipment or devices thatgenerate ultrasonic waves.

• A vehicle is detected in your blind spotwhen you engage the turn signal.

• Model S is being driven very close to avehicle in front of it, which is blocking theview of the camera(s).

Warning: Many unforeseen circumstancescan impair the operation of Autosteer.Always keep this in mind and rememberthat as a result, Autosteer may not assistin steering Model S appropriately. Alwaysdrive attentively and be prepared to takeimmediate action.

Autosteer

Autopilot 97

Autopark

Autopark (if equipped) uses data from theultrasonic sensors and GPS to simplify parkingon public roads by maneuvering Model S intoparallel and perpendicular parking spaces. See To Use Autopark on page 98.

Warning: Autopark's performancedepends on the ability of the ultrasonicsensors to determine the vehicle'sproximity to curbs, objects, and othervehicles.

To Use AutoparkWhen driving, follow these steps to allowAutopark to maneuver Model S into a parkingspace:

1. When driving slowly on a public road,monitor the instrument panel todetermine when Autopark has detected aparking space. When Autopark detects apotential parking space, the instrumentpanel displays a parking icon. Autoparkdetects parallel parking locations whendriving below 24 km/h and perpendicularparking locations when driving below 16km/h.

Note: The parking icon appears only if thevehicle's position and/or thecircumstances of the surrounding area aresuch that Autopark can determine anappropriate driving path. If Autoparkcannot determine an appropriate path (forexample, when driving on a narrow streetwhere moving into the parking spacecauses the front of the vehicle to extendinto the adjacent lane), you can eitherreposition the vehicle, find a differentparking space, or park manually.

2. Check to determine if the detectedparking space is appropriate and safe. Ifso, pull forward and stop approximately acar length ahead of the parking space (asyou normally would when parallel parkingor when backing into a perpendicularparking space).

3. Release the steering wheel, shift Model Sinto Reverse, then touch Start Autoparkon the touchscreen.

4. When parking is complete, Autoparkdisplays the "Complete" message.

In situations where Autopark cannot operatedue to inadequate sensor data, the instrumentpanel displays a message indicating that youmust manually park Model S.

Note: If you press the brake when Autopark isactively parking Model S, the parking processpauses until you touch Resume on thetouchscreen.

Note: Autopark detects potentialperpendicular parking spaces that are at least2.9 meters wide with a vehicle parked on eachside. Autopark detects parallel parking spacesthat are at least 6 meters, but less than long.Autopark does not operate on angled parkingspaces.

Warning: Never depend on Autopark tofind a parking space that is legal, suitable,and safe. Autopark may not always detectobjects in the parking space. Alwaysperform visual checks to confirm that aparking space is appropriate and safe.

Warning: When Autopark is activelysteering Model S, the steering wheelmoves in accordance with Autopark'sadjustments. Do not interfere with themovement of the steering wheel. Doingso cancels Autopark.

Warning: During the parking sequence,continually check your surroundings. Beprepared to apply the brakes to avoidvehicles, pedestrians, or objects.

Warning: When Autopark is active,monitor the touchscreen and instrumentpanel to ensure that you are aware of theinstructions that Autopark is providing.

To Pause ParkingTo pause Autopark, press the brake pedalonce. Model S stops and remains stopped untilyou touch Resume on the touchscreen.

Autopark


To Cancel ParkingAutopark cancels the parking sequence whenyou manually move the steering wheel,change gears, or touch Cancel on thetouchscreen. Autopark also cancels parkingwhen:

• The parking sequence exceeds sevenmoves.

• Model S detects that the driver is exitingthe vehicle.

• A door is opened.• You press the accelerator pedal.• You press the brake pedal while Autopark

is paused.• An Automatic Emergency Braking event

occurs (see Collision Avoidance Assist onpage 104).

LimitationsAutopark is particularly unlikely to operate asintended in these situations:

• The road is sloped. Autopark is designedto operate on flat roads only.

• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).

• The curb is constructed of material otherthan stone, or the curb cannot bedetected.

• The target parking space is directlyadjacent to a wall or pillar (for example,the last parking space of a row in anunderground parking structure).

• One or more of the ultrasonic sensors isdamaged, dirty, or obstructed (such as bymud, ice, or snow).

• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, fog,or extremely hot or cold temperatures)are interfering with sensor operation.


Warning: Many unforeseen circumstancescan impair Autopark's ability to parkModel S. Keep this in mind and rememberthat as a result, Autopark may not steerModel S appropriately. Pay attentionwhen parking Model S and stay preparedto immediately take control.

Autopark

Autopilot 99

Summon

Summon (if equipped) allows you toautomatically park and retrieve Model S whileyou are standing outside the vehicle. Summonuses data from the ultrasonic sensors to moveModel S forward and reverse up to 12 metersin, or out of, a parking space.

Warning: Summon is designed andintended for use only on parking lots anddriveways on private property where thesurrounding area is familiar andpredictable.

Warning: Summon is a BETA feature. Youmust continually monitor the vehicle andits surroundings and stay prepared totake immediate action at any time. It isthe driver's responsibility to use Summonsafely, responsibly, and as intended.

Warning: Summon's performancedepends on the ability of the ultrasonicsensors to determine the vehicle'sproximity to objects, people, animals, andother vehicles.

Before Using SummonBefore operating Summon, use thetouchscreen to enable it and customize howyou want it to work. Touch Controls >Autopilot > Summon, then touch Customizeand adjust the following settings to suit yourpreferences:

• Bumper Clearance: Set the distance thatyou want Summon to stop from adetected object (for example, you maywant Summon to stop within just a fewinches of a garage wall). Note that thisdistance applies only to objects thatSummon detects directly in front ofModel S when moving forward, or directlybehind Model S when reversing.

• Summon Distance: Set a maximumdistance that Model S can travel whenentering or exiting a parking space.

• Side Clearance: Choose an option tospecify how much side clearance youwant to allow. Tight allows Model S toenter and exit very narrow parking spaces.

Warning: Parking in a narrow spacelimits the ability of the sensors toaccurately detect the location ofobstacles, increasing the risk ofdamage to Model S and/orsurrounding objects.

• Use Auto HomeLink (if equipped): Set toON if you want to activate HomeLink toopen/close a programmed HomeLinkdevice (such as a gate or a garage door)during the parking process when usingSummon . If enabled, the deviceautomatically opens and closes whenModel S enters or exits during a Summonsession.

Warning: Always ensure that Model Sis fully in or out of a garage beforeHomeLink lowers the garage door.Summon cannot detect where anoverhead door will lower.

Note: When enabled, the HomeLink deviceautomatically opens and closes only whenusing Summon. To automate HomeLink inother situations (such as normal driving),you must adjust the HomeLink device'smain settings by touching the HomeLinkicon at the top of the touchscreen (see HomeLink Universal Transceiver on page140).

Note: All settings are retained until youmanually change them.

Using Summon to Park and Retrieveyour VehicleFollow these steps to use Summon to parkyour Model S:

• Align Model S within 12 meters of theparking space so Model S can follow astraight path into or out of the space ineither Drive or Reverse.

• Ensure Model S key fob is in range.• Pair your phone with Model S via

Bluetooth (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phoneon page 133). After you pair once, yourphone automatically connects to Model Severy time. Your phone and key fob mustbe within close range of the vehicle forSummon to work.

• From outside the vehicle, initiate theparking maneuver by touching Summonon the mobile app, then holding down theFORWARD or REVERSE button.

Summon shifts Model S into Drive or Reverse(based on the direction you specified) anddrives into or out of the parking space. Whenparking is complete, or if an obstacle isdetected, Summon shifts Model S into Park.Summon shifts Model S into Park when:

Summon


• Model S detects an obstacle in its drivingpath (within the Bumper Clearance settingthat you specified).

• Summon has moved Model S themaximum distance of 12 meters.

• You release the FORWARD or REVERSEbutton.

• You press any button to manually stopSummon.

If you used Summon to park Model S, you canthen use Summon to return Model S back toits original position (provided the vehicle hasremained in Park), or to the maximumSummon Distance that you have specified(whichever comes first). Simply specify theopposite direction on the mobile app andSummon moves the vehicle along the originalpath, provided no obstructions have beenintroduced. If the ultrasonic sensors detect anobstacle, Summon attempts to avoid theobstacle while staying very close to its originalpath (Summon does not steer aroundobstacles).

Note: To move Summon multiple times in thesame direction (not to exceed the maximumof 12 meters, cancel Summon and then restartthe parking process using the same direction.

Note: Although Summon can move Model S ashort distance laterally to avoid an obstacle, itdoes not attempt to steer around an obstacleto return the vehicle to its original drivingpath.

Note: If you release the direction button onthe mobile app, Summon stops movingModel S.

Note: Summon requires that Model S candetect a valid key nearby.

Warning: Model S cannot detectobstacles that are located lower than thebumper, are very narrow (i.e. bicycles), orare hanging from a ceiling. In addition,many unforeseen circumstances canimpair Summon's ability to move in or outof a parking space and, as a result,Summon may not move Model Sappropriately. Therefore, you mustcontinually monitor the vehicle'smovement and its surroundings andremain prepared to stop Model S at anytime.

Stopping or Canceling Summon

You can stop Model S at any time whileSummon is active by using the mobile app orby pressing any button on the key. Summonalso cancels when:

• A door handle is engaged or a door isopened.

• You interact with the steering wheel, brakepedal, accelerator pedal, or gear stalk.

• Model S detects an obstacle.• Summon has moved Model S the

maximum distance of approximately 12meters.

• Your phone enters sleep mode or losesconnectivity to Model S.

LimitationsSummon is unlikely to operate as intended inthe following types of situations:

• The driving path is sloped. Summon isdesigned to operate on flat roads only (upto 10% grade).

• A raised concrete edge is detected.Summon will not move the vehicle over anedge that is higher than approximately 2.5cm.

• One or more of the ultrasonic sensors isdamaged, dirty, or obstructed (such as bymud, ice, or snow, or by a vehicle bra,excessive paint, or adhesive products suchas wraps, stickers, rubber coating, etc.).



Note: Summon is disabled if Model S is in Valetmode (see Valet Mode on page 46).

Warning: The list above does notrepresent an exhaustive list of situationsthat may interfere with proper operationof Summon. It is the driver's responsibilityto remain in control of Model S at alltimes. Pay close attention wheneverSummon is actively moving Model S andstay prepared to take immediate action.Failure to do so can result in seriousproperty damage, injury or death.

Summon

Autopilot 101

Lane Assist

The Autopilot cameras and ultrasonic sensorsmonitor the markers on the lane you aredriving in as well as the areas surroundingModel S for the presence of vehicles or otherobjects.

When an object is detected in your blind spotor close to the side of Model S (such as avehicle, guard rail, etc.), colored lines radiatefrom the image of your vehicle on theinstrument panel. The location of the linescorrespond to the location of the detectedobject. The color of the lines (white, yellow,orange, or red) represent the object'sproximity to your vehicle, with white being thefarthest and red being very close, requiringyour immediate attention. These colored linesonly display when driving betweenapproximately 12 km/h and 140 km/h. WhenAutosteer is active, these colored lines alsodisplay if driving slower than 12 km/h.However, the colored lines do not display ifModel S is at a standstill (for example, in heavytraffic).

Lane Assist also warns you when a desiredlane departure is not appropriate. When youengage the turn signal and a vehicle or objectis detected in the adjacent lane you areplanning to move into, the instrument paneldisplays a red lane line to indicate that avehicle or object is detected. When the vehicleor object is no longer detected, the lane linereturns to normal.

Warning: Lane Assist features are forguidance purposes only and are notintended to replace your own direct visualchecks. Before changing lanes, alwaysvisually check the lane you are movinginto by using side mirrors and performingthe appropriate shoulder checks.

Warning: Never depend on Lane Assist toinform you of unintentionally drivingoutside of the driving lane, or informingyou that a vehicle is in your blind spot orclose to the side of your vehicle. Severalexternal factors can reduce theperformance of Lane Assist such as a lackof lane markings or curbs. This may resultin false, or lack of, warnings (see Limitations and Inaccuracies on page103). It is the driver's responsibility tostay alert, pay attention to the drivinglane and always be aware of other roadusers. Failure to do so can result inserious injury or death.

Lane Assist also consists of the followingfeatures to assist you in staying safe in thedriving lanes:

• Steering interventions• Lane Departure Warning• Blind Spot Warning Chime

Steering InterventionsLane Assist provides steering interventions ifModel S drifts into (or close to) an adjacentlane in which an object, such as a vehicle, isdetected. In these situations, Model Sautomatically steers to a safer position in itsdriving lane. This steering is applied only whenModel S is traveling between 48 and 140 km/hon major roadways with clearly visible lanemarkings. When Lane Assist applies a steeringintervention, the instrument panel brieflydisplays a warning message.

Lane Departure WarningLane Departure Warning alerts you ofundesired lane departures by vibrating thesteering wheel slightly if a front wheel passesover a lane marking and the associated turnsignal is off. To turn this warning on or off,touch Controls > Autopilot > Lane DepartureWarning.

Lane Departure Warning is active only whendriving between approximately 59 and 150km/h. Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it.

In addition, when you engage the turn signalto signal a move into a lane in which a vehicleor object is detected, the instrument paneldisplays a red lane line to warn you that it isunsafe to change lanes.

Lane Assist


Blind Spot Warning ChimeIf you want a chime to sound when a vehicle isin your blind spot and possible collision isdetected, touch Controls > Autopilot > BlindSpot Warning Chime.

Warning: Blind Spot Warning Chimecannot detect every collision. It is thedriver's responsibility to remain alert andcheck their blind spots.

Limitations and InaccuraciesLane Assist cannot always clearly detect lanemarkings and you may experienceunnecessary or invalid warnings in thesesituations:

• Visibility is poor and lane markings are notclearly visible (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.). The exact detection zone of theultrasonic sensors varies depending onenvironmental conditions.

• Bright light (such as from oncomingheadlights or direct sunlight) is interferingwith the view of the camera(s).

• A vehicle in front of Model S is blockingthe view of the camera(s).


• Lane markings are excessively worn, havevisible previous markings, have beenadjusted due to road construction, or arechanging quickly (for example, lanesbranching off, crossing over, or merging).

• The road is narrow or winding.• Objects or landscape features are casting

strong shadows on lane markers.

Lane Assist may not provide warnings, or mayapply inappropriate warnings, in thesesituations:




• An object that is mounted to Model S isinterfering with and/or obstructing asensor (such as a bike rack or a bumpersticker).

In addition, Lane Assist may not steer Model Saway from an adjacent vehicle, or may applyunnecessary or inappropriate steering, inthese situations:

• You are driving Model S on sharp cornersor on a curve at a relatively high speed.


• You are drifting into another lane but anobject (such as a vehicle) is not present.

• A vehicle in another lane cuts in front ofyou or drifts into your driving lane.

• Model S is traveling less than 48 km/h orover 145 km/h.




• An object mounted to Model S (such as abike rack or a bumper sticker) isinterfering with or obstructing a sensor.

• Visibility is poor and lane markings are notclearly visible (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).

• Lane markings are excessively worn, havevisible previous markings, have beenadjusted due to road construction or arechanging quickly (for example, lanesbranching off, crossing over, or merging).

Warning: The lists above do not representevery possible situation that may interferewith Lane Assist warnings. Lane Assistmay not operate as intended for manyother reasons. To avoid a collision, stayalert and always pay attention to theroadway when driving so you cananticipate the need to take correctiveaction as early as possible.

Lane Assist

Autopilot 103

Collision Avoidance Assist

If your Model S is equipped with Autopilotcomponents (see About Autopilot on page82), the following collision avoidance featuresare designed to increase the safety of you andyour passengers:

• Forward Collision Warning - providesvisual and audible warnings in situationswhen Model S detects that there is a highrisk of a frontal collision (see ForwardCollision Warning on page 104).

• Automatic Emergency Braking -automatically applies braking to reducethe impact of a frontal collision (see Automatic Emergency Braking on page105).

• Obstacle-Aware Acceleration - reducesacceleration if Model S detects an objectin its immediate driving path (see Obstacle-Aware Acceleration on page106).

Warning: Forward Collision Warning is forguidance purposes only and is not asubstitute for attentive driving and soundjudgment. Keep your eyes on the roadwhen driving and never depend onForward Collision Warning to warn you ofa potential collision. Several factors canreduce or impair performance, causingeither unnecessary, invalid, inaccurate, ormissed warnings. Depending on ForwardCollision Warning to warn you of apotential collision can result in seriousinjury or death.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis not designed to prevent all collisions. Incertain situations, it can minimize theimpact of a frontal collision by attemptingto reduce your driving speed. Dependingon Automatic Emergency Braking toavoid a collision can result in seriousinjury or death.

Warning: Obstacle-Aware Acceleration isnot designed to prevent a collision. Incertain situations, it can minimize theimpact of a collision. Depending onObstacle-Aware Acceleration to avoid acollision can result in serious injury ordeath.

Forward Collision WarningThe forward looking camera(s) and the radarsensor monitor the area in front of Model S forthe presence of an object such as a vehicle,motorcycle, bicycle, or pedestrian. If a collisionis considered likely unless you take immediatecorrective action, Forward Collision Warning isdesigned to sound a chime and highlight thevehicle in front of you in red on the instrumentpanel. If this happens, TAKE IMMEDIATECORRECTIVE ACTION!

Warnings cancel automatically when the riskof a collision has been reduced (for example,you have decelerated or stopped Model S, orthe object in front of your vehicle has movedout of your driving path).

If immediate action is not taken when Model Sissues a Forward Collision Warning, AutomaticEmergency Braking (if enabled) mayautomatically apply the brakes if a collision isconsidered imminent (see AutomaticEmergency Braking on page 105).

By default, Forward Collision Warning isturned on. To turn it off or adjust its sensitivity,touch Controls > Autopilot > Forward CollisionWarning. Instead of the default warning levelof Medium, you can turn the warning Off, oryou can choose to be warned Late or Early.

Note: Your chosen setting for ForwardCollision Warning is retained until youmanually change it. It is also saved in yourdriver profile.

Warning: The camera(s) and sensorsassociated with Forward CollisionWarning are designed to monitor anapproximate area of up to 160 meters inyour driving path. The area beingmonitored by Forward Collision Warningcan be adversely affected by road andweather conditions. Use appropriatecaution when driving.



Warning: Forward Collision Warning isdesigned only to provide visual andaudible alerts. It does not attempt toapply the brakes or decelerate Model S.When seeing and/or hearing a warning, itis the driver's responsibility to takecorrective action immediately.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning mayprovide a warning in situations where thelikelihood of collision may not exist. Stayalert and always pay attention to the areain front of Model S so you can anticipatewhether any action is required.

Warning: Forward Collision Warningoperates only when driving betweenapproximately 10 km/h and 150 km/h.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning doesnot provide a warning when the driver isalready applying the brake.

Automatic Emergency BrakingThe forward looking camera(s) and the radarsensor are designed to determine the distancefrom a detected object traveling in front ofModel S. When a frontal collision is consideredunavoidable, Automatic Emergency Braking isdesigned to apply the brakes to reduce theseverity of the impact.

When Automatic Emergency Braking appliesthe brakes, the instrument panel displays avisual warning and sounds a chime. You mayalso notice abrupt downward movement ofthe brake pedal. The brake lights turn on toalert other road users that you are slowingdown.

If driving (56 km/h) or faster, the brakes arereleased after Automatic Emergency Brakinghas reduced your driving speed by (50 km/h).For example, if Automatic Emergency Brakingapplies braking when driving 90 km/h, itreleases the brakes when your speed has beenreduced to 40 km/h.

Automatic Emergency Braking operates onlywhen driving between approximately 10 km/hand 150 km/h.

Automatic Emergency Braking does not applythe brakes, or stops applying the brakes,when:

• You turn the steering wheel sharply.

• You press and release the brake pedalwhile Automatic Emergency Braking isapplying the brakes.

• You accelerate hard while AutomaticEmergency Braking is applying the brakes.

• The vehicle, motorcycle, bicycle, orpedestrian is no longer detected ahead.

Automatic Emergency Braking is alwaysenabled when you start Model S. To disable itfor your current drive, touch Controls >Autopilot > Automatic Emergency Braking.

Warning: It is strongly recommended thatyou do not disable Automatic EmergencyBraking. If you disable it, Model S doesnot automatically apply the brakes insituations where a collision is consideredlikely.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis designed to reduce the severity of animpact. It is not designed to avoid acollision.

Warning: Several factors can affect theperformance of Automatic EmergencyBraking, causing either no braking orinappropriate or untimely braking, such aswhen a vehicle is partially in the path oftravel or there is road debris. It is thedriver’s responsibility to drive safely andremain in control of the vehicle at alltimes. Never depend on AutomaticEmergency Braking to avoid or reducethe impact of a collision.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis designed to reduce the impact offrontal collisions only and does notfunction when Model S is in Reverse.

Warning: Automatic Emergency Brakingis not a substitute for maintaining a safetraveling distance between you and thevehicle in front of you.

Warning: The brake pedal movesdownward abruptly during automaticbraking events. Always ensure that thebrake pedal can move freely. Do not placematerial under or on top of the Tesla-supplied driver’s floor mat (including anadditional mat) and always ensure thatthe driver’s floor mat is properly secured.Failure to do so can impede the ability ofthe brake pedal to move freely.


Autopilot 105

Obstacle-Aware AccelerationObstacle-Aware Acceleration is designed toreduce the impact of a collision by reducingmotor torque and in some cases applying thebrakes, if Model S detects an object in itsdriving path. For example, Model S, whileparked in front of a closed garage door withthe Drive gear engaged, detects that you havepressed hard on the accelerator pedal.Although Model S still accelerates and hits thegarage door, the reduced torque may result inless damage.

Obstacle-Aware Acceleration is designed tooperate only when all of these conditions aresimultaneously met:

• A driving gear is engaged (Drive orReverse).

• Model S is stopped or traveling less than10 mph (16 km/h).

• Model S detects an object in its immediatedriving path.

To disable Obstacle-Aware Acceleration, touchControls > Autopilot > Obstacle-AwareAcceleration.

Warning: Obstacle-Aware Acceleration isdesigned to reduce the severity of animpact. It is not designed to avoid acollision.

Warning: Obstacle-Aware Accelerationmay not limit torque in all situations.Several factors, including environmentalconditions, distance from an obstacle,and a driver's actions, can limit, delay, orinhibit Obstacle-Aware Acceleration.

Warning: Obstacle-Aware Accelerationmay not limit torque when performing asharp turn, such as into a parking space.

Warning: Do not rely on Obstacle-AwareAcceleration to control acceleration or toavoid, or limit, the severity of a collision,and do not attempt to test Obstacle-Aware Acceleration. Doing so can result inserious property damage, injury, or death.

Warning: Several factors can affect theperformance of Obstacle-AwareAcceleration, causing an inappropriate oruntimely reduction in motor torqueand/or undesired braking. It is the driver'sresponsibility to drive safely and remainin control of Model S at all times.

Limitations and InaccuraciesCollision Avoidance features cannot alwaysdetect all objects, vehicles, bikes, orpedestrians, and you may experienceunnecessary, inaccurate, invalid, or missedwarnings for many reasons, particularly if:

• The road has sharp curves.• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow,

fog, etc.).• Bright light (such as from oncoming

headlights or direct sunlight) is interferingwith the view of the camera(s).

• The radar sensor is obstructed (dirty,covered, etc.).


Warning: The limitations previouslydescribed do not represent an exhaustivelist of situations that may interfere withproper operation of Collision AvoidanceAssist features. These features may fail toprovide their intended function for manyother reasons. It is the driver’sresponsibility to avoid collisions bystaying alert, paying attention, and takingcorrective action as early as possible.

Caution: If a fault occurs with a CollisionAvoidance Assist feature, Model Sdisplays an alert. Contact Tesla Service.



Speed Assist

How Speed Assist WorksWhen the Speed Limit Warning is turned on,the instrument panel displays a speed limit asdetermined by GPS data. Warnings (describedlater) take effect when you exceed this limit.

In situations where Speed Assist is unable todetermine a speed limit (for example, speedlimit signs and GPS data are not available atthe current location), or if Speed Assist isuncertain that an acquired speed limit isaccurate (for example, although a speed limitsign was initially detected, some time haspassed before a subsequent sign has beendetected), the instrument panel may notdisplay a speed limit sign and warnings do nottake effect.

If you set the speed limit warning to Display(see Controlling Speed Assist on page 107)and exceed the determined speed limit, thespeed limit sign on the instrument panelincreases in size.

If you set the speed limit warning to Chime(see Controlling Speed Assist on page 107)and exceed the determined speed limit, thespeed limit sign on the instrument panelincreases in size and Model S also sounds awarning chime.

Note: Speed limit warnings go away after tenseconds, or when Model S slows down belowthe specified limit.

Warning: Do not rely on Speed Assist todetermine the appropriate speed limit ordriving speed. Always drive at a safe

speed based on traffic and roadconditions.

Controlling Speed AssistTo adjust the Speed Limit Warning setting,touch Controls > Autopilot > Speed LimitWarning, then choose one of these options:

• Off - Speed limit warnings do not displayand chimes are not sounded.

• Display - Speed limit signs display on theinstrument panel and the sign increases insize when you exceed the determinedlimit.

• Chime - In addition to the visual display, achime is sounded whenever you exceedthe determined speed limit.

You can also specify how the speed limit isdetermined:

• Relative - The speed limit is determinedautomatically based on detected trafficsigns and GPS data. If desired, you can seta speed limit offset (+ or -) if you want tobe alerted only when you exceed theoffset speed limit by a specified amount.For example, you can increase the offsetto +10 km/h if you only want to be warnedwhen you exceed the speed limit by10 km/h.

Note: The offset from speed limit alsoaffects the number shown in the grayspeedometer icon on the left side of thedriving speed on the instrument panel.

• Absolute - Manually specify any speedlimit between 30 and 240 km/h.

Note: GPS data is not always accurate. TheGPS can miscalculate a road's location andprovide the speed limit for a directly adjacentroad that may have a different speed limit. Forexample, the GPS can assume Model S is on afreeway or highway when it is actually on anearby surface street, and vice versa.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it. It is also saved in yourdriver profile.

Limitations and InaccuraciesSpeed Assist may not be fully functional ormay provide inaccurate information in thesesituations:

• Visibility is poor and speed limit signs arenot clearly visible (due to heavy rain,snow, fog, etc.).

Speed Assist

Autopilot 107


• Model S is being driven very close to avehicle in front of it which is blocking theview of the camera(s).


• Speed limit signs are concealed byobjects.

• The speed limits stored in the GPSdatabase are incorrect or outdated.

• Model S is being driven in an area whereGPS data is not available.

• Traffic signs do not conform to standardrecognizable formats.

• A road or a speed limit has recentlychanged.

Warning: The list above does notrepresent an exhaustive list of situationsthat may interfere with proper operationof Speed Assist. Speed Assist may fail toprovide warnings for many other reasons.

Speed Assist


Using the Touchscreen

Controls

Overview

Touch Controls on the bottom corner of the touchscreen to control features andcustomize Model S to suit your preferences. The Controls window appears overthe map. Touch an option on the left side of the window to display theassociated controls and settings. By default, Quick Controls displays for quickeraccess to commonly used settings.

To close the Controls window, touch the X in the top left corner, touch Controlsagain, or swipe down on the window.

When an information icon displays beside a specific setting, touch it to display apopup that provides helpful details about the associated setting.

Note: The following illustrations are for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version and market region, the options available may be different.

Controls

Using the Touchscreen 109

Summary of Controls

1. List of available controls. When you select an item from this list, its associated controls displayin the main viewing area.

2. Main viewing area. The options available for your chosen controls category display here.

Controls


QuickControls

Quick Controls displays by default to provide quick access to commonly-used features. For many of these features, more options are available on thefeature-specific tabs below Quick Controls.

• Exterior lights (see Lights on page 55).• Doors and locks (see Doors on page 9).• Sunroof, if equipped (see Sunroof on page 23).• Charge Port (see Charging Instructions on page 149).• Brightness: Adjust the brightness of the displays. Drag the slider to

manually control the brightness of the instrument panel andtouchscreen. Touch Auto to allow the displays to adjust automatically.

Suspension If Model S is equipped with air suspension, touch to manually adjust the rideheight (see Air Suspension on page 135). Model S must be powered on andyou must press the brake pedal before you can change suspension settings.

Warning: The air suspension system causes Model S to self-level, evenwhen powered off. Therefore, when transporting or lifting, you mustengage Jack Mode to disable self-leveling (see Instructions forTransporters on page 187 and Jacking and Lifting on page 170).

Lights Control exterior and interior lights (see Lights) and turn the followingsettings on or off:

• Auto High Beam: If on, the high beam headlights can automaticallyswitch to low beam when there is light (for example, from an oncomingvehicle) detected in front of Model S. See High Beam Headlights.

• Headlights after Exit: If on, the headlights remain on when you stopdriving and park Model S in low lighting conditions. They automaticallyturn off after one minute or when you lock Model S.

Controls


Driving • Acceleration: Choose an acceleration setting that determines whetheracceleration is limited or increased (see Acceleration Modes on page74).

• Steering Mode: Adjust the amount of effort required to turn thesteering wheel. Sport feels more responsive whereas Comfort feelseasier to drive and park (see Adjusting Steering Effort on page 47).

• Regenerative Braking: When you release the accelerator when driving,regenerative braking slows Model S and feeds any surplus energy backto the Battery. If set to LOW, Model S does not slow down as quickly,but also feeds less energy back to the Battery (see RegenerativeBraking on page 67).

Note: Regardless of the setting selected, the energy gained byregenerative braking is reduced if the Battery is full, or is extremely coldor hot (in these cases, surplus energy is used to heat or cool it).

• Traction Control: In circumstances where you deliberately want thewheels to spin (for example, Model S is stuck is snow, sand, or mud),you can enable Slip Start (see Traction Control on page 70).

• Creep: When on, Model S applies forward torque in Drive andbackwards torque in Reverse whenever you release the brake pedal(similar to a conventional vehicle with an automatic transmission).When off, Model S is free-rolling when you let your foot off the brakepedal and the motor does not apply torque until you press theaccelerator pedal.

Note: The torque associated with Creep moves the vehicle slowly onlyon flat roads. When Model S is on a sloped surface (such as a steep hillor driveway), you must press the accelerator pedal to achieve forwardor reverse movement.

Warning: Never rely on Creep to apply enough torque to preventyour vehicle from rolling down a hill. Always apply brakes toremain stopped or use the accelerator pedal to proceed up a hill.Failure to do so can result in property damage and/or a collision.

• Range Mode: If on, Model S conserves energy by limiting the power ofthe climate control system. Cabin heating and cooling may be lesseffective, but seat heaters can be used to provide warmth in colderclimates. When turned on in an All-Wheel Drive vehicle, torquedistribution between the motors is optimized to maximize range.

Controls


Autopilot Control the features that provide a safer and more convenient drivingexperience (if equipped with Autopilot components (see About Autopiloton page 82).

• Autosteer (Beta): Enable the auto steering feature (available only ifyour Model S is equipped with an Autopilot package) (see Autosteer onpage 91).

• Navigate on Autopilot (Beta): Navigate on Autopilot automatically exitsat off-ramps and interchanges based on your navigation route and canalso make lane changes designed to prepare for exits and minimize thedriving time to your destination (see Navigate on Autopilot on page94).

• CUSTOMIZE NAVIGATE ON AUTOPILOT: Specify how Navigate onAutopilot performs lane changes (see Navigate on Autopilot on page94).

• Summon (Beta): Automatically park and retrieve Model S from outsidethe vehicle. See Summon on page 100.

• CUSTOMIZE SUMMON: Specify how Summon operates whenever itparks or retrieves your vehicle.

• Speed Limit Warning: Specify the type of warnings, if any, you receivewhen you exceed the detected speed limit (see Speed Assist on page107).

• Speed Limit: Specify if you want Speed Assist to use a relative (withoffset) or an absolute speed limit (see Speed Assist on page 107).

• Offset: If relative speed limit is selected, set a speed limit offset if youwant to be alerted only when you exceed the offset speed limit by aspecified amount (see Speed Assist on page 107).

• Forward Collision Warning: Specify if and when you want to receivevisual and audible warnings in situations where there is a high risk of afrontal collision (see Collision Avoidance Assist on page 104).

• Lane Departure Warning: Specify if you want the steering wheel tovibrate slightly if a front wheel passes over a lane marking and theassociated turn signal is off (see Lane Assist on page 102).

• Automatic Emergency Braking: Specify if you want Model S toautomatically apply braking when a frontal collision is imminent (see Collision Avoidance Assist on page 104).

• Obstacle-Aware Acceleration: Specify if you want to automaticallyreduce acceleration when an obstacle is detected in front of yourvehicle while driving at low speeds (see Collision Avoidance Assist onpage 104).

Controls


Vehicle • Driver Door Unlock Mode: If on, only the driver's door unlocks when youshift Model S into Park. If off, all doors unlock.

• Auto-Present Handles: If on, door handles extends automatically as youapproach Model S carrying a key. If off, you need to press the doorhandle to extend it.

• Walk-Away Door Lock: If on, doors automatically lock when you walkaway from the vehicle, carrying your key with you (see Walk-Away DoorLock).

• Unlock on Park: If on, doors automatically unlock when you engage thePark gear (see Interior Locking and Unlocking). If Driver Door UnlockMode is on, only the driver's door unlocks.

• Child-Protection Lock: If on, safety locks prevent the rear doors frombeing opened from inside the vehicle (see Child-Protection Lock).

• Mirror Auto-Tilt: If on, exterior mirrors tilt downward when reversing(see Mirrors on page 50).

• Mirror Auto-Fold: If on, exterior mirrors fold when you lock Model S withthe key, mobile app, or walk-away locking. They extend automaticallywhen you return. You can also fold the mirrors manually by touchingthe center mirror control button (see Mirrors on page 50).

• Smart Preconditioning: If on, Model S learns your driving schedule andautomatically prepares your vehicle to drive. This minimizes the pausethat you may experience as Model S powers up.

Note: Smart Preconditioning operates only when the energy remainingin the Battery is above 20% .

Sunroof Open, close, and vent the sunroof, if equipped (see Sunroof on page 23).

Controls


Display Manually control the brightness and the DAY (light background) or NIGHT(dark background) setting of the touchscreen and instrument panel. Whenset to AUTO, the brightness changes automatically between day and nightbrightness based on ambient lighting conditions.

Brightness: Drag the slider to manually control the brightness level of thedisplays. When Auto brightness is on, the displays are further adjustedbased on both the surroundings and by learning your preferences (itremembers the type of manual adjustments you make).

SCREEN CLEAN MODE: Disable the touchscreen momentarily for cleaningpurposes.

You can also customize how units are displayed:

• Time Format: Choose if time is displayed in 12 or 24 hour format.• Energy Display: Display remaining energy and charging units as either a

percentage of battery energy remaining, or as an estimate of thedistance that you can drive. When you choose distance you can specify:

• Rated - based on ECE R101 testing.• Typical - based on US EPA testing.

• Distance: Choose if MILES or KILOMETERS are used when displayingrange, speed, energy, trip meters, map searches and navigation routes.

• Temperature: Choose if temperature is displayed in °C or °F.• Tire Pressure: Choose if tire pressures are displayed in BAR or PSI.• Language: Choose the language that is displayed on the touchscreen.

Note: Model S must be in Park to change the language. When youchange the language, you experience a brief delay as the vehicle shutsdown and restarts the touchscreen.

• Navigation Language: Choose the language used for navigationinstructions.

• Region Format: Choose a region to define the formatting conventionused to display dates (mm dd yy/dd-mm-yy, etc) and decimalseparators (5.123, 5,123, etc).

Trips View and reset the trip meters that summarize how far you have driven (see Trip Information on page 77).

Navigation Increase or decrease the volume of spoken navigation instructions bytouching - or +, respectively. Decreasing all the way to the left mutes theinstructions. You can also mute navigation instructions when a navigationroute is active by touching the volume icon on the turn-by-turn directionlist.

Note: This volume setting applies only to the navigation system's spokeninstructions. Volume for Media Player and Phone remains unchanged.

Customize how the navigation system works by adjusting these settings:

• Touch Trip Planner (if available in your market region) to minimize thetime you spend driving and charging (see Trip Planner on page 128).

• Touch Online Routing to be automatically rerouted to avoid heavytraffic (see Online Routing on page 128).

• Touch Avoid Ferries to be automatically rerouted to avoid ferries.• Touch Avoid Tolls to be automatically rerouted to avoid tolls.

Note: You can also display navigation settings by touching the settings iconon the map (see Maps and Navigation on page 125).

Controls


Safety &Security

You can manually apply and release the PARKING BRAKE see Parking Brakeon page 68), POWER OFF the vehicle (see Powering Off on page 52), limitthe acceleration and max speed (see Speed Limit Mode on page 117), andturn the following features on or off:

• Passenger Front Airbag: Manually control the front passenger airbag(see Disabling the Passenger Front Airbag on page 43).

• Park Assist Chimes: If on, you will hear an audible beep whenapproaching an object while parking (see Park Assist on page 71).

• Security Alarm: Enable the security alarm (see Security Settings onpage 138).

• Tilt/Intrusion: Enable a siren that sounds if Model S detects motioninside the cabin or if the vehicle is moved or tilted (see SecuritySettings on page 138).

• Passive Entry: If on, doors automatically unlock and door handlesextend (if Auto-Present Handles is on) whenever you approach Model Scarrying a key. If off, you must use the key to unlock Model S. See Usingthe Key on page 9.

Note: You must press the brake pedal to power Model S on before youcan change the Passive Entry setting. See Starting on page 52.

Note: If Passive Entry is off and you do not press the brake pedal tostart Model S within approximately five minutes, a message displays onthe instrument panel and you must use the key to lock then unlockModel S again before starting the vehicle.

Note: When you enable passive entry, it is recommended that you alsoenable PIN to Drive to increase security (see PIN to Drive on page 138).

Note: Depending on your region, Passive Entry may be enabled ordisabled by default.

• PIN to Drive: Increase security by preventing Model S from being drivenuntil a 4-digit PIN (Personal Identification Number) is entered (see PINto Drive on page 138).

• Cabin Overheat Protection: Reduce the temperature of the cabin inextremely hot ambient conditions for a period of up to twelve hoursafter you exit Model S (see Cabin Overheat Protection on page 124).

• Allow Mobile Access: Allow Tesla's mobile applications to access yourModel S (see Mobile App).

Note: To disable Allow Mobile Access, enter your Tesla accountcredentials on the touchscreen.

• DATA SHARING: Allow sharing of road measurement data (see DataSharing on page 193).

Service Tow Mode: Prepare Model S for towing by keeping it in Neutral, whichdisengages the parking brake. See Instructions for Transporters on page187.

Wiper Service Mode: Make wiper blades easy to access (see Wiper Bladesand Washer Jets on page 166).

FACTORY RESET: Erase all personal data (saved addresses, music favorites,imported contacts, etc.) and restore all customized settings to their factorydefaults (see Erasing Personal Data on page 118).

Controls


Software Learn more about your vehicle's software version and the status of softwareupdates.

• Get more information about your car such as the VIN, vehicle name, andodometer (for more information, touch the Tesla "T" at the top centerof your touchscreen).

• View your current software version, map version, and release notes.• See new updates that are available. Your vehicle must be connected to

Wi-Fi to start the update (see Software Updates on page 143).• Customize how often you want to receive software updates by touching

Software Update Preferences.• Observe your software's download progress.

MANUAL Touch to display this manual, the Mobile Connector manual, and theDeclarations of Conformity.

Note: You can also display this manual by touching the Tesla "T" at the topof the touchscreen.

Naming Your VehicleTo further personalize Model S, you can name it. The name of your Model S appears in the mobileapp. To name your vehicle, touch the Tesla “T” at the top center of the touchscreen, then touchName Your Vehicle (or touch the vehicle's existing name). Enter the new name in the popup, thentouch Save.

Speed Limit ModeSpeed Limit Mode allows you to limit the acceleration and maximum speed – between 50 and 90mph (80 and 145 km/h) – of your Model S. This feature is protected by a 4-digit PIN that youcreate when enabling it for the first time, and which must be entered whenever you want todisable and enable it.

If your Model S comes within approximately 3 mph (5 km/h) of the selected maximum speed, achime sounds and text appears on the instrument panel above the driving speed. Additionally,your mobile app sends you a notification.

To enable Speed Limit Mode:

1. Ensure the vehicle is in Park.2. Touch Controls > Safety & Security > Speed Limit Mode on the touchscreen or CONTROLS in

your mobile app.3. Select the maximum driving speed that you would like to limit the vehicle to.4. Drag the slider to the ON position.5. Enter the 4-digit PIN that you want to use to disable and enable Speed Limit Mode.

Note: If you forget the PIN, you can disable Speed Limit Mode by entering the login credentials foryour Tesla Account.

Note: When Speed Limit Mode is enabled, the acceleration setting (Controls > Driving >Acceleration) is automatically set to Chill (see Acceleration Modes on page 74).

Warning: Driving downhill can increase driving speed, causing the vehicle to exceed yourchosen maximum speed.

Warning: Speed Limit Mode is not a replacement for good judgment, driver training, and theneed to closely monitor roadway speed limits and driving conditions. Accidents can occur atany speed.

Controls


Erasing Personal DataYou can erase all personal data (saved addresses, music favorites, HomeLink programming, etc.)and restore all customized settings to their factory defaults. This is useful when transferringownership of Model S. Touch Controls > Service > FACTORY RESET. Before erasing, Model Sverifies your credentials by prompting you to enter the user name and password associated withyour Tesla Account.

Controls


Climate Controls

Overview of Climate ControlsClimate controls are always available at the bottom of the touchscreen. To turn the climate controlsystem on, touch the fan icon or adjust the cabin temperature. To turn it off, touch the fan iconand then touch the off button near the center of the popup window.

By default, climate control is set to the Auto setting, which maintains optimum comfort in all butthe most severe weather conditions. When you adjust the cabin temperature in the Auto setting,the system automatically adjusts the heating, air conditioning, air distribution, and fan speed tomaintain the cabin at your selected temperature. To override the Auto setting, touch the fan icon,turn off the Auto setting, then manually adjust your settings (see Adjusting Climate ControlSettings on page 121). If you've manually adjusted individual settings, you can also revert back toAuto at any time by touching AUTO on the climate control popup window.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending on vehicleoptions, software version, market region, and settings, the information displayed may be slightlydifferent.

1. Seat heaters operate at three setting levels from 3 (highest) to 1 (lowest). When operating, theassociated seat icon displays twisting lines that turn red to indicate the setting level. Ifequipped with ventilated seats, a popup appears that allows you to switch between heatingand cooling. When cooling, the twisting lines turn blue.

Note: If Model S is equipped with rear seat heaters and/or the optional subzero weatherpackage, you can also control seat heaters in the rear seats, heated wipers, and heatedsteering wheel by touching the fan icon then touching the seat tab.

Note: To conserve energy, a seat heater in a passenger seating position automatically turns offif an occupant is not detected when the Drive gear is engaged.

2. Touch an up or down arrow to change the cabin temperature. To apply a temperature settingto both the driver and passenger side, touch SYNC on the popup that appears when youtouch an arrow. When you apply the same temperature to both sides, only one temperaturesetting displays. Touch SYNC again to display separate temperature settings for the driver andpassenger.

3. Touch the fan icon to turn on climate control and to manually customize settings to suit yourpreferences (see Adjusting Climate Control Settings on page 121). Touch and hold the fan iconto quickly turn off climate control. If your vehicle is equipped with the optional cold weatherpackage, touch this icon to access controls for the rear seat heaters.

4. The windshield defroster distributes air flow to the windshield. Touch once to defog thewindshield (the icon turns blue). Touch a second time to defrost the windshield (the icon turnsred and the heating and fan operate at maximum levels). Touch a third time to turn off andrestore the air distribution, heating, and fan to their previous settings.

5. Touch to warm up the rear window. When operating, the icon turns red. After 15 minutes, therear window defroster automatically turns off. The exterior side mirrors are also heatedwhenever the rear window defroster is operating.

Climate Controls


Note: Depending on date of manufacture and options selected at time of purchase, some vehiclesare not equipped with a heater in the exterior side mirrors.

Warning: To avoid burns resulting from prolonged use, individuals who have peripheralneuropathy, or whose capacity to feel pain is limited because of diabetes, age, neurologicalinjury, or some other condition, should exercise caution when using the climate controlsystem and seat heaters.

Note: The climate control system is powered by the high voltage battery. Therefore, prolonged usedecreases driving range.

Climate Controls


Adjusting Climate Control Settings

To adjust individual settings to suit your preferences, touch the fan icon at the bottom of thetouchscreen to access individual climate control settings.

In addition to the settings shown, if Model S is in Park, the Keep Climate On and Dog Mode settingdisplays when you touch the fan icon when the vehicle is in Park (see Keep Climate On and DogMode on page 123).

1. Adjust the speed of the fan.

Note: Adjusting the fan speed may change your setting for how air is drawn into Model S inorder to decrease or increase airflow. For example, if you set the fan speed at the highestsetting when the air circulation is set to draw in outside air, the setting may switch torecirculating the air to achieve the high air flow.

2. Touch to turn off the climate control system and close the climate controls popup window.

Note: The popup window also closes if you touch the map, choose Media Player or an app, ordisplay a controls window, even if the climate control system is turned on.

3. Turn the air conditioning on and off, respectively. Turning it off reduces cooling, but savesenergy.

4. Choose where air flows into the cabin (windshield, face-level, or foot-level vents). You canchoose more than one location.

Note: When air is directed to the foot-level vents, approximately one third of the air continuesto flow to the windshield vents to assist in defogging. However, when air is directed to theface-level vents, air does not flow to the windshield because the air flowing through the face-level vents can assist in defogging the windshield.

5. If your Model S is equipped with the Bioweapon Defense Mode feature, the HEPA (HighEfficiency Particulate Air) filter ensures the best possible quality of air inside the cabin. Whenselected, outside air is filtered through the medical-grade HEPA filter in addition to thesecondary filtration systems. The HEPA filter is extremely effective at removing particles,including pollution, allergens, bacteria, pollen, mold spores, and viruses. Both the HEPA filterand the secondary filtration system also contain activated carbon to remove a broadspectrum of odors and gases. When you engage Bioweapon Defense Mode, the fan operatesat the highest speed. In addition, the positive pressure inside the cabin minimizes the amountof outside air that can leak into the vehicle.

Note: Some gases, such as carbon monoxide, are not effectively removed by activated carbon.

Climate Controls


6. Choose how air is drawn into Model S:

Outside air is drawn into Model S (see Ventilation on page 124). Althoughless efficient than recirculating the air in very hot or cold climateconditions, this setting draws more air into the rear seating areas, and isrecommended when occupants are seated in the Tesla built-in rear facingchild seats.

Air inside Model S is recirculated. This prevents outside air (traffic fumes)from entering, but reduces dehumidifying performance. Recirculating theair is the most efficient way to cool the front cabin area. To prevent thewindshield from fogging in some conditions, briefly change the settingevery hour to draw in outside air.

7. Touch AUTO to change all settings back to their default values. The icon is blue whenever theclimate control system is set to AUTO.

Note: Because Model S runs much quieter than a gasoline-powered vehicle, you may notice thesound of the A/C compressor as it is operating. To minimize noise, reduce the fan speed.

Climate Controls


Keep Climate On and Dog ModeThe Keep Climate On and Dog settings allow you to keep the climate control system running whenin Park, even after you've left Model S. Both settings are useful when it is important to maintainthe cabin temperature in hot or cold weather conditions (for example, when leaving groceries inModel S on hot days, you may want to use Keep Climate On to prevent spoilage). Dog modekeeps your pet comfortable while also displaying the current cabin temperature on thetouchscreen so people nearby are informed that your pet does not need to be rescued.

Note: To initiate Keep Climate On or Dog Mode, the Battery's charge level must be at least 20%.

To operate Keep Climate On or Dog Mode:

1. Engage the Park gear. The Keep Climate On and Dog settings are available only when Model Sis in Park.

2. If necessary, adjust the climate settings.3. Touch the fan icon then touch Keep Climate On or Dog.

The climate control system maintains your climate settings until you shift out of Park or manuallyturn it off. If the Battery's charge level drops to ten percent, the climate control systemautomatically turns off and the Tesla mobile app sends you a notification reminding you to checkon anything that you have left in Model S.

The next time you drive Model S, the climate control system continues operating using theprevious settings from your most recent trip.

Note: The intrusion sensor (if equipped) automatically disables when Keep Climate On or Dogmode is active. However, you can override this behavior and keep the intrusion sensor enabled. Todo so, touch Controls > Safety & Security > Tilt/Intrusion after enabling Keep Climate On or Dogmode. However, note that keeping the intrusion sensor enabled when Keep Climate On or DogMode is active can trigger an alarm event as a result of air movement inside the cabin.

Note: Software updates can not be performed when Smart Preconditioning, Dog Mode or KeepClimate On is active.

Warning: You can adjust the climate control system remotely using the mobile app. However,if you use the mobile app to turn off the climate control system, Keep Climate On and DogMode stop operating.

Warning: Keep Climate On and Dog Mode turn off when the battery charge drops to 20%.Avoid using when the battery charge is low. When leaving a dog or pet in Model S, you mustensure that you have your phone with you and that the Tesla mobile app is running. Thisallows you to proactively monitor the cabin temperature. To ensure the safety and comfort ofyour dog or pet, always make sure you have adequate cellular coverage to receivenotifications and allow enough time to return to Model S should the climate control systemstop operating—on hot days, the cabin temperature can become dangerously high within afew minutes.

Warning: Check local laws for any restrictions on leaving pets unattended in your vehicle.

Warning: Never leave a child unattended in your vehicle.

Climate Controls


VentilationOutside air is drawn into Model S through thegrill in front of the windshield. Keep the grillclear of obstructions such as leaves and snow.

To direct the flow of air inside Model S, movethe interior vents up, down, or from side toside.

Note: You can direct the outer face level ventstoward the side windows to help defrost ordefog them.

Cabin Air FilterModel S has an air filter that prevents pollen,industrial fallout, road dust and other particlesfrom entering through the vents. Teslarecommends replacing the cabin air filterevery 2 years.

Tesla recommends replacing the HEPA airfilter (if equipped) every 3 years.

Cabin Overheat ProtectionThe climate control system can reduce thetemperature of the cabin in extremely hotambient conditions for a period of up totwelve hours after you exit Model S. TouchControls > Safety & Security > Cabin OverheatProtection and choose:

• OFF: Disable Cabin Overheat Protection.• NO A/C: Only the fan operates when the

cabin temperature exceeds 40° C. Thisoption consumes less energy but thecabin temperature may exceed 40° C.

• ON: The air conditioning operates whenthe cabin temperature exceeds 40° C.

Note: Cabin Overheat Protection operatesonly when the energy remaining in the Batteryis above 20% .

Warning: Never leave children or pets inthe vehicle unattended. Due to automaticshut-off or extreme outside conditions,the inside of the vehicle can becomedangerously hot, even when CabinOverheat Protection is enabled.

Climate Control Operating Tips• When you use the mobile app to turn on

the climate control system, itautomatically turns off after four hours orif the charge level drops to 20%. To coolor heat the cabin for a longer period, youmust turn it on again.

• To conserve energy, you can limit thepower of the climate control system byturning on Range Mode. Cabin heatingand cooling may be less effective, but seatheaters can be used to provide warmth incolder climates. Touch Controls >Driving > Range Mode.

• If the climate control system is louder thanyou prefer, manually reduce the fan speed.

• In addition to cooling the interior, the airconditioning compressor also cools theBattery. Therefore, in hot weather, the airconditioning compressor can turn on evenif you turned it off. This is normal becausethe system’s priority is to cool the Batteryto ensure it stays within an optimumtemperature range to support longevityand optimum performance.

• To ensure the climate control systemoperates efficiently, close all windows andensure that the exterior grill in front of thewindshield is free of ice, snow, leaves, andother debris.

• In very humid conditions, it is normal forthe windshield to fog slightly when youfirst turn on the air conditioning.

• It is normal for a small pool of water toform under Model S when parked. Extrawater produced by the dehumidifyingprocess is drained underneath.

• To reduce the temperature in the cabin inhot weather conditions, the fan may turnon to vent the cabin when the vehicle isparked. This occurs only if the battery'scharge level is above 20%.

Climate Controls


Maps and Navigation

OverviewThe touchscreen displays a map at all times.Hold and drag a finger to move the map in anydirection. Rotate the map in any direction byholding and turning two fingers.

Touch the icon in the top right corner of themap to set the map's orientation:

North Up - North is always at thetop of the screen.

Heading Up - The direction you aredriving is always at the top of thescreen. The map rotates as youchange direction. This icon has anintegrated compass that indicatesthe direction you are driving.

Note: When navigating, this icon also allowyou to toggle to the route overview whichallows you to view an overview of yournavigation route (see Navigating on page126).

When you rotate or move the map, yourcurrent location is no longer tracked. Themessage "Tracking Disabled" displays brieflynext to the map orientation icon and the iconturns gray. To re-enable tracking, touch themap's orientation icon to choose North Up orHeading Up.

Touch the + and - icons to zoom the map inand out on your current or chosen location.When you zoom in or out using these icons,tracking remains enabled.

Touch the following icons to customize whatthe map displays and to access navigationsettings:

Note: These icons disappear after a fewseconds when not in use. Touch anywhere onthe map to re-display them.

Display/hide satellite imagery (ifequipped with premiumconnectivity).

Display/hide traffic conditions (ifequipped with premiumconnectivity). Green lines indicateno traffic; orange lines indicate lighttraffic; red lines indicate moderatetraffic; and pink lines indicate heavytraffic. To ensure traffic is easy toidentify along a navigation route,green traffic lines display under theblue route line, whereas orange,red, and pink traffic lines display ontop of the blue route line.

Display/hide all charging locationsand a popup list that includes thecity and proximity of thecorresponding stations on the map.Charging locations include TeslaSuperchargers, destinationchargers, and public chargers thatyou have used previously. See Charging Locations on page 127.

Note: Superchargers are alwaysdisplayed on the map, even whencharging locations are notdisplayed.

Maps and Navigation


Increase or decrease the volume ofspoken navigation instructions bytouching - or +, respectively.Decreasing all the way to the leftmutes the instructions. You canalso mute navigation instructionswhen a navigation route is activeby touching the volume icon on theturn-by-turn direction list.

Customize how the navigationsystem works by adjusting thesesettings:

• Touch Trip Planner (if availablein your market region) tominimize the time you spenddriving and charging (see TripPlanner on page 128).

• Touch Online Routing to beautomatically rerouted to avoidheavy traffic (see OnlineRouting on page 128).

• Touch Avoid Ferries to beautomatically rerouted to avoidferries.

• Touch Avoid Tolls to beautomatically rerouted to avoidtolls.

Note: You can also access theabove navigation settings bytouching Controls > Navigation.

Note: The volume setting appliesonly to the navigation system'sspoken instructions. Volume forMedia Player and Phone remainsunchanged.

Drop a pin by pressing and holding your fingeranywhere on the map. When you drop a pin,or touch an existing pin, the chosen location iscentered on the map, and a popup windowprovides information about the location. Fromthis popup, you can navigate to the location,call the location (if a phone number isavailable) and add or remove the locationfrom your list of favorite destinations (see Recent, Favorite, Home and Work Destinationson page 129).

NavigatingTo navigate to a location, touch Navigate,send the destination from your phone, orspeak a voice command (see Using VoiceCommands on page 49). You can enter orspeak an address, landmark, business, etc. Youcan also choose a saved Home or Worklocation and select from a list of recently usedlocations (the most recent displays at the topof the list), including charging stations youhave visited.

When you specify a location, the touchscreenzooms out to provide an overview of the routeyou need to travel, and, after calculating theroute, zooms back in to your starting pointand begins to provide instructions, and a turn-by-turn direction list that displays the firstnavigation instruction and an estimate of totalmileage, driving time, and arrival time.

Note: You can remotely start navigation inyour vehicle by using your IOS® or Android™

device's "share" functionality after givingaccess to the Tesla mobile app.

You can touch the instruction to expand thelist to show each turn on your journey. Notethe following about the turn-by-turn directionlist:

• A battery displays below the destinationto provide an estimate of how muchbattery energy will remain when you reachyour destination. Touch to expand batteryinformation to show a round trip estimateback to your starting point. See PredictingEnergy Usage on page 128.

• If charging is needed to reach yourdestination and Trip Planner is enabled(and available in your market region), thenavigation route automatically includesSupercharger stops (see Trip Planner onpage 128) and you may need to touchBEGIN TRIP to initiate navigation.

• If you won't have enough energy to reachyour destination and there is noSupercharger on the route, an alert tellsyou that charging is needed to reach yourdestination.

• Each turn is preceded by the distance tothe maneuver.

• To see the bottom of the list, you mayneed to drag the list upward.

• Touch the top of the list again to minimizeit.

While navigating, the map tracks your locationand displays the current leg of your trip. Youcan display the entire route at any time.

Maps and Navigation


If Navigate on Autopilot is enabled, you canturn it on for the navigation route by touchingNavigate on Autopilot in the turn-by-turndirection list. Navigate on Autopilot is anextension of Autosteer that automaticallychanges lanes and steers Model S onto theappropriate exit(s) when navigating oncontrolled access roads (such as freeways).For details, see Navigate on Autopilot on page94.

The route overview icon displayswhen a navigation route is active.Touch this icon at any time to viewan overview of your navigationroute, or to change the orientationof the map (see Overview on page125), which also zooms the map toshow the current leg of your trip.The black pin at the end of theroute line represents yourdestination.

Mute/unmute navigation volume.

Note: You can also mute thevolume of the navigation system bypressing the scroll button on theleft side of the steering wheel whilenavigation instructions are beingspoken. A volume control specificto navigation instructions is alsoavailable by touching the settingsicon on the map (see Overview onpage 125).

To stop navigating, touch CANCEL, locatedbelow the turn-by-turn direction list.

Note: If a data connection is not available,onboard maps allow you to navigate to anylocation, but you must enter the location'sexact and complete address.

Charging LocationsSuperchargers always display on the map,represented by red pins that you can touch todisplay more information about theSupercharger location, navigate to it, or markit as a favorite. When you touch the pin for aSupercharger location on the map,information about the Supercharger location isdisplayed, including the total number ofSuperchargers, the number of Superchargersavailable, the address of the Supercharger, andits approximate distance from you. The popupalso displays amenities that are available atthe Supercharger location, includingrestrooms, restaurants, lodging, shopping, andWi-Fi.

The Supercharger location isoperational. At locations that havemultiple Superchargers, a row ofbars displays above the icon, witheach bar representing aSupercharger. This provides a quickvisual to indicate how manysuperchargers are in use. If aSupercharger is in use, the bar isfilled in.

Note: A supercharger pin is coloredblack if the supercharger is on yourcurrent navigation route.

The Supercharger location may beout of operation or is operating ata reduced capacity. Touch the pinto display details.

Touch the map's charging icon to display allnearby charging stations of the map. Inaddition to the Superchargers that are alwaysdisplayed, the map shows destination chargersand any public charging stations that you havepreviously used. Display details about acharging location by touching its pin.

Maps and Navigation


The location is equipped with aTesla Wall Connector. Touch todisplay more information such asusage restrictions and availablecharge current. The charging listalso displays your proximity tothese charging stations.

Note: When the map is zoomed outand more than one Tesla WallConnector is available in an area,the pin is round and displays thenumber of stations. Touch the pinto zoom in. Then you can touch anindividual pins for detail about thecharging location.

Predicting Energy UsageWhen navigating to a destination, Model Shelps you anticipate your charging needs bycalculating the amount of energy that remainswhen you reach your destination. Thecalculation is an estimate based on drivingstyle (predicted speed, etc.) andenvironmental factors (elevation changes,temperature, etc.). When navigating, the mapdisplays this calculation at the bottom of theexpanded turn-by-turn direction list (see Navigating on page 126). When the turn-by-turn direction list is compressed, touch the topof the list to expand it.

Throughout your route, Model S monitorsenergy usage and updates the calculation. Apopup warning displays at the bottom of theturn-by-turn direction list in these situations:

• A yellow warning displays when you havevery little energy remaining to reach yourdestination and should drive slowly toconserve energy. For tips on conservingenergy, see Getting Maximum Range onpage 78.

• A red warning displays when you mustcharge to reach your destination.

If you also want to know if you have enoughenergy for a round trip, touch the energycalculation to display an estimate of yourround trip energy usage.

Online RoutingModel S detects real-time traffic conditionsand automatically adjusts the estimateddriving and arrival times based on traffic. Insituations where traffic conditions will delayyour estimated time of arrival and an alternateroute is available, the navigation system canreroute you to your destination. To turn thisfeature on or off, touch the map's settingsicon (see Overview on page 125), then touchOnline Routing. You can also specify theminimum amount of minutes that must besaved before you are rerouted by touching thearrows associated with the Re-Route if it savesmore than setting.

Trip PlannerTrip Planner (available in some marketregions) helps you take longer road trips withconfidence. If reaching your destinationrequires charging, Trip Planner routes youthrough the appropriate Superchargerlocations. Trip Planner selects a route andprovides charging times to minimize theamount of time you spend driving andcharging. To enable Trip Planner, touch themap's settings icon (see Overview on page125), then touch Trip Planner.

When Trip Planner is enabled and charging isrequired to reach your destination, the turn-by-turn direction list includes Superchargerstops and a recommended charging time ateach Supercharger, and an estimate of howmuch energy will be available when you arriveat the Supercharger.

To remove Supercharger stops and displayonly directions, touch Remove charging stopsat the bottom of the list of directions (if youremove charging stops, the turn-by-turndirection list may display an alert indicatingthat charging is needed to reach yourdestination). To add Supercharger stops to thedirections, touch Add charging stops.

While charging at a Supercharger, thecharging screen displays the remainingcharging time needed to drive to your nextSupercharger stop, or destination (if nofurther charging is needed). If you charge for ashorter or longer length of time, the chargingtime for subsequent Supercharger stops isadjusted.

Note: You can also monitor remainingcharging time needed in the Tesla Mobile App.

Note: If a Supercharger located on your routeexperiences an outage, Trip Planner displays a

Maps and Navigation


notification and reroutes you to a differentSupercharger location.

If Trip Planner estimates that you won't haveenough energy for your round trip, and thereare no Superchargers available on your route,Trip Planner displays an alert at the top of theturn-by-turn direction list notifying you thatcharging is needed to reach your destination.

Recent, Favorite, Home and WorkDestinationsWhen you touch Navigate on the map, a list ofRecent destinations appear and you can easilynavigate to any recent destination byselecting it from the list.

If you frequently drive to a destination, youmay want to add it as a favorite to avoidhaving to enter the location's name or addresseach time. When you add a destination as aFavorite, you can easily navigate to it bytouching Navigate > Favorites and thenselecting it from the list of favorites.

To add a destination to yourFavorites list touch its pin on themap, then touch the heart icon onthe popup window that appears. Youwill be prompted to name theFavorite. Enter a name (or leave as-isto accept the default name), thentouch Add to Favorites. The heartbecomes solid gray and thedestination is included on theFavorites list.

To delete a Recent or Favorite destination,touch and hold it down briefly, then touch theX that appears.

The top of the navigation list also providesshortcuts for Home and Work locations. Touchto set an address to either of these locations.After entering the address, touch SAVE ASHOME or SAVE AS WORK. Then simply touchthese shortcuts whenever you want tonavigate home or to work.

To change the location associated with Homeor Work, press and hold the shortcut icon andenter a new address in the popup window. Todelete, press and hold the shortcut button,then touch CLEAR HOME or CLEAR WORK.

Note: Based on your usage patterns, you maybe prompted to save a location as Home orWork.

Note: Once a Home or Work location is saved,Model S may prompt you to navigate to your

Work location in the mornings and to yourHome location in the evenings and tell youhow long it will take to arrive based on currenttraffic conditions.

For security reasons, if you sell Model S, it isrecommended that you delete your Home andWork Locations. You can delete theseindividually or you can perform a factory resetto erase all personal data (see ErasingPersonal Data on page 118).

Map UpdatesAs updated maps become available, they areautomatically sent to Model S over Wi-Fi. Toensure you receive them, periodically connectModel S to a Wi-Fi network (see Connectingto Wi-Fi on page 142). The touchscreendisplays a message informing you when newmaps are installed.

Maps and Navigation


Media and Audio

Overview

Touch the Media Player icon at thebottom of the touchscreen tostream music or podcasts (ifavailable), and listen toAM (ifequipped), FM, DAB, or Internetradio stations. You can also playaudio files from a Bluetooth orUSB-connected device.

Note: The media options availableto you depend on market regionand options chosen at time ofpurchase.

Media Player provides three different levels ofviewing that you can access by dragging theMedia Player window upward or downward.Initially, just the Miniplayer displays. TheMiniplayer, which occupies the least amount ofspace on the touchscreen, displays what'scurrently playing and provides only the basicfunctions, mostly associated with what'splaying. Drag upward to display Recents andFavorites and access the icons you can use tochange your media source (described next).Drag upward again to browse through allavailable options for the chosen type ofsource content.

Use the icons across the bottom of MediaPlayer to change your media source (forexample, FM, Streaming, or a Bluetooth-connected device). Use the tabs on the left tonarrow down the type of content you want tobrowse through—the associated contentdisplays on the right. For Radio, you canbrowse through Favorite Stations or you cantouch Direct Tune to enter the frequency of aspecific channel. For Streaming, you canbrowse through Favorites, Top Stations, DJSeries, and Genres.

Traffic announcements can beheard when playing AM (ifequipped), FM, or DAB radio. Toturn traffic announcements on oroff, touch the traffic icon thatdisplays on Miniplayer when theradio source is active.

Volume ControlRoll the scroll button on the left side of thesteering wheel up or down to increase ordecrease volume respectively. The scrollbutton adjusts the volume for media,navigation instructions, or phone calls, basedon what is currently being heard through thespeakers. You can also adjust the volume bytouching the arrows associated with thespeaker icon on the bottom of thetouchscreen.

To mute the volume, press the left scrollbutton. Press again to unmute.

Note: Pressing the left scroll button during aphone call mutes both the sound and yourmicrophone.

Note: If you're playing media and you receivea phone call, or the navigation system isspeaking directions, the volume of what youare listening to is temporarily muted.

Searching Media Content

Touch Media Player's magnifyingglass icon to search for a particularsong, album, artist, podcast, orstation. Select a filter to narrow thescope of your search, or leave it atits default setting to include topresults from all available sourcecontent.

Note: Use voice commands to search hands-free (see Using Voice Commands on page 49).

AM (if equipped) and FM Radio

If available in your market regionand location, Media Player providesAM and FM radio stations that youcan select from the Radio source.Touch the next or previous arrowsto move from one frequency to thenext (or previous). Or touch DirectTune to enter a specific frequency.

For easy access to radio stations you listen tofrequently, mark it as a favorite so it's readilyavailable in the Favorites list (see Favoritesand Recents on page 131).

Media and Audio


DAB Radio Services

If Model S is equipped with theoptional sound package, you canselect DAB radio from the Radiosource of Media Player. Select aDAB radio station by browsing thelist of stations available in yourarea, or touch the next or previousbuttons.

Internet Radio and Music StreamingServicesIf equipped with premium connectivity,internet radio and music streaming servicesare available over a data connection. To listen,touch the Media Player icon and choose thestreaming service you want to listen to.

Tesla may provide account credentials forsome internet radio and music streamingservices. If you would like to use your ownaccount, scroll to the bottom of the streamingservice window, touch Sign In, and enter youraccount information.

Browse through the available categoriesand/or stations, then touch what you want toplay. When browsing through a large categorysuch as genres, you may need to enlarge thewindow by dragging upward. When youchoose an option that displays multiple resultson a new window, touch the BACK button atthe top of the window to return to the mainbrowse page.

You can also use voice commands (availablewhen speaking the English language) to play aspecific song, artist, or album from an Internetradio service (see Using Voice Commands onpage 49).

When listening to some internet radio ormusic streaming services, options available onMiniplayer may vary depending on what youare listening to:

• Touch the next (or previous) arrows toplay the next (and in some cases previous)available station, episode, or track beingprovided by the Internet radio service.

• Touch the thumbs up or thumbs downicon to like or dislike a song or podcast.When you like a song, for example, theradio station plays similar songs. Whenyou dislike a song, the song won't beplayed again.

• Touch the DJ icon (if available) to includecommentary for the content you arestreaming. DJ commentary includes musichistory and behind-the-scenes stories.

Note: When playing a podcast (if applicable),you can rewind or fast forward to any locationin the show. On the Miniplayer, drag the sliderto the desired location or touch the rewind/fast forward icons to move back or forward 15seconds at a time.

Favorites and RecentsFor most source content, your favoritesdisplay at the top of Media Player's expandedview for easy access.

To add a currently playing station,podcast, or audio file to yourFavorites list, touch the Favoritesicon on Miniplayer.

To remove an item as a favorite,touch the highlighted Favorites iconon Miniplayer. You can also removemultiple favorites by expandingMiniplayer one level to show allfavorites for the applicable type ofsource content. Then press and holdany favorite. An X appears on allfavorites and you can then touch theX associated with any favorite youwant to remove from your Favoriteslist.

To see selections that you have recentlyplayed, scroll up one level from Miniplayer andtouch Recent. Your recently played selectionsare updated continuously so you don't need toremove them.

Note: Selections you play on FM radio stationsdo not display in your Recent selections.

Playing Media from Devices

You can play audio files from aBluetooth-connected device (like aphone) or a USB-connected flashdrive. When you connect aBluetooth-capable device, thename of the device displays whenyou choose the Phone source.When you connect a USB flashdrive, Media Player displays theUSB source content.

Media and Audio


To play the next song in a selected playlist oralbum, touch the previous or next arrows onthe Miniplayer, or use the buttons on the leftside of the steering wheel (see Using LeftSteering Wheel Buttons on page 47). You canalso shuffle tracks in a playlist or repeat aplaylist or track using the shuffle/repeat icons(if available).

USB Connected Flash Drives

Connect a flash drive to a USB connection(see USB Ports on page 20). Touch MediaPlayer > USB, and then touch the name of thefolder that contains the song you want to play.After you display the contents of a folder onthe USB connected flash drive, you can touchany song in the list to play it. Or use theprevious and next arrows in Miniplayer toscroll through your songs.

Note: To play media from a USB connection,Model S recognizes flash drives only. You canplay media from other types of devices (suchas an iPod) by connecting to the device usingBluetooth.

Note: Media Player supports USB flash driveswith FAT32 formatting (NTFS and exFAT arenot currently supported).

Bluetooth® Connected Devices

If you have a Bluetooth-capable device suchas a phone that is paired and connected toModel S (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone onpage 133), you can play audio files stored onit and you can stream music from it. ChooseMedia Player's Phone source, then touch thename of your Bluetooth-connected device,and then touch CONNECT.

Your Bluetooth device begins playing theaudio file that is currently active on yourdevice, and Media Player displays theMiniplayer view. If no audio file is playing onyour device, use your device to choose theaudio file you want to listen to. When the filebegins to play, you can then use Miniplayer'snext and previous icons to play other tracks.

Note: To play media from a Bluetooth-connected device, ensure that access to thedevice’s media is turned on (see Pairing aBluetooth Phone on page 133).

Audio Settings

Press the equalizer icon at thebottom corner of Media Player toaccess audio settings for tone andbalance. Other settings may beavailable based on your vehiclefeatures and market region. Forexample, if equipped, you can turnoptions such as Dolby Surround andDJ Commentary on or off.

To adjust any of the five frequency bands(Bass, Bass/Mid, Mid, Mid/Treble, and Treble)drag the corresponding slider up or down thedecibel (dB) bar.

To adjust balance, touch Balance and drag thecenter circle of the cross bars to the locationin Model S where you want to focus the sound.

Media and Audio


Phone

Bluetooth® CompatibilityYou can use your Bluetooth-capable phonehands-free in Model S provided your phone iswithin operating range. Although Bluetoothtypically supports wireless communicationover distances of up to approximately9 meters, performance can vary based on thephone you are using.

Before using your phone with Model S, youmust pair it. Pairing sets up Model S to workwith your Bluetooth-capable phone (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 133).

You can pair up to ten Bluetooth phones.Model S always automatically connects to thelast phone that was used (provided it is withinrange). If you want to connect to a differentphone, see Connecting to a Paired Phone onpage 134.

Note: On many phones, Bluetooth turns off ifthe phone’s battery is low.

Note: In addition to phones, you can also pairBluetooth-enabled devices with Model S. Forexample, you can pair an iPod Touch or aniPad or Android tablet to stream music.

Pairing a Bluetooth PhonePairing allows you to use your Bluetooth-capable phone hands-free to make andreceive phone calls, access your contact list,recent calls, etc. It also allows you to playmedia files from your phone. Once a phone ispaired, Model S can connect to it wheneverthe phone is within range.

To pair a phone, follow these steps whilesitting inside Model S:

1. Ensure both the touchscreen and thephone are powered on.

2. On your phone, enable Bluetooth andensure it is discoverable.

Note: On some phones, this may requireyou to go to Bluetooth Settings for theremainder of the procedure.

3. Touch the Bluetooth icon on the top of thetouchscreen.

4. On the touchscreen, touch Add NewDevice > Start Search. The touchscreendisplays a list of all available Bluetoothdevices within operating distance.

5. On the touchscreen, touch the phone withwhich you want to pair. Within a fewseconds, the touchscreen displays arandomly generated number, and yourphone should display the same number.

6. Check that the number displayed on yourphone matches the number displayed onthe touchscreen. Then, on your phone,confirm that you want to pair.

7. If prompted on your phone, specifywhether you want to allow Model S toaccess your contacts and media files.

When paired, Model S automatically connectsto the phone, and the touchscreen displaysthe Bluetooth symbol next to the phone’sname to indicate that the connection is active.

Importing Contacts and RecentCallsOnce paired, you can use the Bluetoothsettings screen (touch the Bluetooth icon onthe touchscreen's top status bar) to specifywhether you want to allow access to yourphone’s contacts and recent calls. If access isturned on, you can use the phone app todisplay, and make calls to, people in your listof contacts and on your recent calls lists (see Using the Phone App on page 134).

Note: Before contacts can be imported, youmay need to either set your phone to allowsyncing, or respond to a popup on your phoneto confirm that you want to sync contacts.This varies depending on the type of phoneyou are using. For details, refer to thedocumentation provided with your phone.

Note: You can turn access to your contactsand recent calls on or off at any time bydisplaying the Bluetooth settings screen,choosing the phone, and then changing thesetting associated with contacts and recentcalls.

Unpairing a Bluetooth PhoneIf you want to disconnect your phone and useit again later, simply touch Disconnect on theBluetooth settings screen. If you do not wantto use your phone with Model S again, touchForget This Device. Once you forget a device,you need to pair it again if you want to use itwith Model S (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phoneon page 133).

Note: Your phone automatically disconnectswhenever you leave Model S.

Phone


Connecting to a Paired PhoneModel S automatically connects with the lastphone to which it was connected, provided itis within operating range and has Bluetoothturned on. If the last phone is not within range,it attempts to connect with the next phonethat it has been paired with.

To connect to a different phone, touch theBluetooth icon on the top of the touchscreen.The Bluetooth window displays a list of pairedphones. Choose the phone you want toconnect to, then touch Connect. If the phoneyou want to connect to is not listed, you mustpair the phone. See Pairing a Bluetooth Phoneon page 133.

When connected, the Model S touchscreendisplays the Bluetooth symbol next to thephone name to show that the connection isactive.

Using the Phone AppWhen your phone is connected to Model Susing Bluetooth, and you have allowed accessto your phone's contacts (see ImportingContacts and Recent Calls on page 133), youcan use the phone app to display and make ahands-free call to anyone listed on yourphone:

• Recent Calls list. The list displays calls inchronological order with the most recentcall listed first. You can display all calls orjust those that are missed, incoming, oroutgoing.

• Contacts: Contacts are listed inalphabetical order and can be sorted byfirst name or last name. You can alsochoose a letter on the right side of the listto quickly scroll to the names that beginwith the selected character. When youtouch a name on your contacts list, thecontact's available number(s) displays onthe right pane, along with other availableinformation (such as address). Touch thecontact's number to make a call.

Making a Phone CallYou can make a phone call by:

• Speaking a voice command (English) (see Using Voice Commands on page 49).

• Selecting a contact or recent call from themenu on your right scroll button (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons onpage 48).

• Choosing a number from your contact orrecent calls list in the phone app.

• Using the Model S on-screen dialer in thephone app.

Note: If it is safe and legal to do so, you canalso initiate a call by dialing the number orselecting the contact directly from yourphone.

Note: You can also make a phone call bytouching a pin on the map and choosing thephone number (if available) on the popupwindow.

Receiving a Phone CallWhen your phone receives an incoming call,the instrument panel and touchscreen displaythe caller’s number or name (if the caller is inyour phone’s contact list and Model S hasaccess to your contacts).

Touch one of the options on the touchscreen,or roll the scroll button on the right side of thesteering wheel to Answer or Ignore the call(see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons onpage 48).

Note: Depending on the phone you are usingand what speakers you used for your mostrecent call, your phone may prompt you tochoose which speakers you want to use forthe incoming call.

Warning: Stay focused on the road at alltimes while driving. Using orprogramming a phone while driving, evenwith Bluetooth enabled, can result inserious injury or death.

Warning: Follow all applicable lawsregarding the use of phones while driving,including, but not limited to, laws thatprohibit texting and require hands-freeoperation at all times.

In Call OptionsWhen a call is in progress, you can display thecall menu on the instrument panel by pressingthe top button on the right side of thesteering wheel. Then roll the right scrollbutton and choose an option (see Using RightSteering Wheel Buttons on page 48). Toadjust the call volume, roll the steering wheel'sleft scroll button during a call.

Phone


Air Suspension

Note: When Model S starts, you may hear thesound of the compressor as the air suspensionsystem’s reservoir fills with air.

Adaptive Air Suspension offers a superior ridequality and allows you to choose a softer orfirmer ride based on your preference. Whencarrying loads, the system also maintains alevel height between the front and rear. Youcan manually adjust the ride height to suityour circumstances (for example, you canraise Model S when driving at low speedswhen you need extra ground clearance, suchas when driving on a steep driveway or ramp,in deep snow, over large speed bumps,parking curbs, etc.). You can also specify thedefault ride height when driving at higherspeeds.

If a fault is detected that reduces theperformance of the air suspensionsystem, a yellow indicator lights upon the instrument panel. If theproblem persists, contact Tesla.

If a fault is detected that disables theair suspension system, a redindicator lights up on the instrumentpanel. Contact Tesla.

Suspension SettingsCaution: Before adjusting the suspensionheight, ensure Model S is clear of allobstacles, above and below.

With Model S powered on and the brake pedalpressed, touch Controls > Suspension on thetouchscreen to manually adjust the rideheight, to specify how you want thesuspension to feel, and to choose how youwant adaptive suspension to lower whendriving at higher speeds.

Choose from the following options tomanually change the ride height.

• VERY HIGH. When set to Very High, thesuspension automatically lowers to Highwhen driving speed reaches 56 km/h.

• HIGH. When set to High, the suspensionautomatically lowers to Standard or Low(based on the Suspension Loweringsetting described below) when drivingspeed reaches 73 km/h.

• STANDARD. The Standard setting ensuresoptimum comfort and handling under allloading conditions.

• LOW. Lowering the height can improveaerodynamics and make it easier to loador unload cargo and passengers.

When manually raising the height of Model Sto improve ground clearance, you shouldlower the vehicle when the extra groundclearance is no longer needed.

Caution: Avoid driving aggressively (hardaccelerations, sharp turns, etc.) when thesuspension is set to HIGH or VERY HIGH.Doing so can cause vibration and increasethe possibility of damage.

SUSPENSION LOWERING: When Model S ismoving above typical driveway or parking lotspeeds, Adaptive Air Suspensionautomatically adjusts ride height to improveaerodynamics and handling. When youmanually raise the ride height, the suspensionautomatically adjusts the ride height atincreased driving speeds. Choose from thefollowing options to specify how you want theair suspension system to adjust the rideheight:

• ALWAYS. The ride height is set to LOW foreach drive and if you set it to HIGH orVERY HIGH and exceed the maximumspeed for these settings, the ride heighttransitions back to LOW. If you manuallychange the setting to STANDARD, itresets back to LOW on your next drive.

• NEVER. The ride height is set toSTANDARD for each drive and neverautomatically transitions to LOW. If youset the ride height to HIGH or VERY HIGHand exceed the maximum speed for thesesettings, the ride height transitions backto STANDARD. If you manually change thesetting to LOW, it resets back toSTANDARD on your next drive.

• HIGHWAY. This is the default setting. Rideheight automatically adjusts betweenSTANDARD and LOW to balance ridecomfort and energy usage.

ADAPTIVE SUSPENSION DAMPING: Choosefrom STANDARD or SPORT to adjust the feelof the suspension system. STANDARDprovides a softer and more fluid ride whereasSPORT provides a firmer, more controlled ridethat increases driver engagement andconnection to the road.

Note: Available settings depend on yourdriving speed and other conditions. Forexample, the suspension does not lower if adoor is open.

Note: Your chosen Suspension Lowering andAdaptive Suspension Damping settings aresaved to your driver profile (see Driver Profileson page 45).

Air Suspension


Auto-Raising SuspensionAuto-raising suspension saves you frommanually having to raise the suspension everytime you arrive at a frequently-used locationwhere you have previously raised thesuspension. Whenever you raise thesuspension to HIGH or VERY HIGH, Model Ssaves the location. When you return to thesaved location, Model S raises the suspensionand the instrument panel displays thismessage:

Note: When returning to a saved location anddriving faster than the High and Very Highsuspension settings allow, the suspensiondoes not raise until Model S slows down.

Note: After leaving a saved location, thesuspension may not lower until you are drivingfaster than the speed threshold at which thesuspension lowers.

Note: If Model S reaches a saved location andthe existing suspension setting is alreadyhigher than the level that has been saved forthat location, the ride height is not adjusted.

To remove an auto-raising location

If you do not want the suspension to auto-raise at a saved location, touch the X in theauto-raising location status message thatdisplays at a saved location. Doing so removesthe auto-raise location and the suspension nolonger raises automatically when you arrive atthe location.

Note: Manually lowering the suspension toSTANDARD or LOW while at a saved locationalso removes the auto-raising location.

Jack ModeBefore jacking or lifting, set the suspension toJack mode to prevent the self-leveling thatoccurs even when Model S is powered off.

Press the brake pedal, then touch Controls >Suspension > Jack.

To deactivate, touch Jack again.

Note: Jack mode automatically cancels whenyou drive over 7 km/h.

Note: Model S also sets Jack modeautomatically if it detects that the vehiclecannot lower to its target height, or if itdetects that an object is supporting thevehicle's weight (for example the bumper ofthe vehicle is resting on a curb).

Air Suspension


Calendar

OverviewThe Calendar app allows you to view scheduled events from your phone’s (iPhone® or Android™)calendar for the current and next day. The Calendar is conveniently integrated with navigation andthe Phone app so you can navigate to, or dial into, your next meeting. The Calendar app requiresthat:

• The Tesla mobile app is running, you are logged in, and the Calendar Sync setting is enabled.The mobile app can then periodically (and automatically) send calendar data from your phoneto Model S.

Note: To ensure you have access to all features of the Calendar app, it is recommended thatyou use the most recent version of the mobile app.

• Your phone is connected to Model S via Bluetooth (for privacy reasons, calendar data displaysonly from a connected phone).

• Mobile access to Model S is turned on (touch Controls > Safety & Security > Allow MobileAccess).

• Both your phone and Model S have good connectivity.

When you enter Model S, the touchscreen can display a reminder of the day's events. You cancustomize if and when your calendar events are displayed by touching the settings icon located inthe top left corner of the Calendar app, then choosing from one of the options available for theShow Calendar Upon Entry setting.

If a calendar event includes an address, a navigation arrow displays to indicate that you can touchthe address to navigate to the event's location (if equipped with Navigation). When an event onyour Calendar takes place within the next hour and has a uniquely specified address, thetouchscreen notifies you if there is a better route due to traffic, even when you’re not currentlyusing navigation.

Touch an event's information icon to display all notes associated with the event. If the notesinclude one or more phone numbers, the information icon shows a phone icon and the calendardisplays the first phone number found. Touch to initiate a phone call. You can also initiate a phonecall by touching any number in an event's notes popup window (this is especially useful forconference calls). If the notes contain a web link, you can touch the link to open it in the webbrowser (if equipped).

If events are displayed from multiple calendars, touch the list icon in the top right corner to filterthe list of events to show only those from one or more specified calendars.

Calendar


Security Settings

About the Security SystemIf Model S does not detect a key nearby and alocked door or trunk is opened, an alarmsounds and the headlights and turn signalsflash. To deactivate the alarm, press anybutton on the key.

To manually enable or disable the alarmsystem, touch Controls > Safety & Security >Security Alarm. When enabled, Model Sactivates its alarm one minute after you exit,the doors lock, and a recognized key is nolonger detected.

If your Model S is equipped with the optionalsecurity package, a battery-backed sirensounds in situations where a locked door ortrunk is opened and Model S does not detecta key nearby. If the Tilt/Intrusion setting is on,the battery-backed siren also sounds ifModel S detects motion inside the cabin, or ifthe vehicle is moved or tilted (for example,with a tow truck or jack). To turn the Tilt/Intrusion detection system on or off, touchControls > Safety & Security > Tilt/Intrusion.

Note: If you plan to leave something thatmoves inside your locked Model S, rememberto turn off Tilt/Intrusion. Motion detectedinside Model S activates the intrusion alarm.

Note: The Security Alarm must be on toenable Tilt/Intrusion.

Note: The Intrusion Sensor automaticallydisables in situations where the climatecontrol system is operating when you have leftyour vehicle (see Keep Climate On and DogMode on page 123). To override, you canmanually turn the Intrusion Sensor on againafter choosing Keep Climate On or Dog Mode(touch Controls > Safety & Security > Tilt/Intrusion).

PIN to DriveTo increase security, you can prevent Model Sfrom being driven until a 4-digit PIN (PersonalIdentification Number) is entered. To enablethis setting, touch Controls > Safety &Security > PIN to Drive and follow the on-screen prompts to create a driving PIN.

Note: When enabled, in addition to having toenter the 4-digit driving PIN to drive, you mustalso use it to enter Valet mode for the firsttime and create the 4-digit valet PIN that youcan use to enter and exit Valet mode. When inValet mode, Model S can be driven withoutthe need for the valet to enter a driving PIN. Inaddition, the PIN to Drive setting is disabledwhenever Valet mode is active.

If you forget your driving PIN, or to disablePIN to Drive, return to this setting, touch thelink to enter your Tesla login credentials, thenfollow the on-screen prompts.

Note: In the unlikely event that yourtouchscreen is unresponsive, you may beunable to enter the PIN. In this case, first try torestart the touchscreen (see Restarting theTouchscreen on page 52). If the touchscreen isstill unresponsive, you can still bypass PIN toDrive by enabling Keyless Driving in yourmobile app.

Sentry ModeFor added security, Sentry Mode continuouslymonitors your vehicle’s surroundings bykeeping its cameras and sensors powered onwhile the vehicle is locked and in Park. Toenable, touch Controls > Safety & Security >Sentry Mode. Alternatively, you can enable ordisable Sentry Mode with voice commands,your mobile app, or by touching the SentryMode icon at the top of your touchscreeen. Toenable using voice commands say "Keep Teslasafe", "Keep my car safe", "Sentry on", or"Enable Sentry" (for details using voicecommands, see Using Voice Commands onpage 49). When in Sentry Mode, Model S maygo through three states depending on itssurroundings: Standby, Alert, and Alarm.

Note: Sentry Mode requires the Battery'scharge level to be at least 20%. If the Batteryfalls below 20%, Sentry Mode turns off and themobile app sends you a notification.

Warning: Do not rely on Sentry Mode toprotect Model S from all possible securitythreats. While it may help deter somethreats, no security system can prevent allattacks.

Standby, Alert, and Alarm States

Model S automatically enters the Standbystate when you enable Sentry Mode. In theStandby state, the vehicle’s cameras areconstantly monitoring its surroundings. If thevehicle detects a threat, such as someoneleaning on Model S, Sentry Mode switches tothe Alert state.

In the Alert state, the touchscreen displays amessage indicating that the cameras arerecording the event. For major threats, such assomeone breaking a window, Sentry Modetriggers the Alarm state.

Note: When in the Alert state, Sentry Modesaves the last ten minutes of video footage

Security Settings


prior to the event that triggered the Alertstate, provided that a properly configured USBdrive is inserted into one of the USB ports (see Dashcam on page 81).

In the Alarm state, the security alarmactivates, the audio system generates a loudand unexpected sound, and the message onthe touchscreen increases to maximumbrightness. Sentry Mode returns from Alarm toStandby after 30 seconds.

Location-Based Settings

You can customize Sentry Mode toautomatically enable near certain locationswhen the vehicle is parked. The availablesettings are:

• Exclude Home: Sentry Mode will notactivate automatically near the locationyou set as Home in your Favorites list (see Recent, Favorite, Home and WorkDestinations on page 129).

Note: To set up your Home location, touchNavigate and hold down Home, then enteryour address. Touch "Save as Home".

• Exclude Work: Sentry Mode will notactivate automatically near the locationyou set as Work in your Favorites. Setyour Work location the same way you setup your Home location, as previouslydescribed.

• Exclude Favorites: Based on yourpredetermined Favorite locations (see Recent, Favorite, Home and WorkDestinations on page 129), Sentry Modewill not automatically activate nearFavorite locations.

Your vehicle must be parked within 10 metersfrom your Home, Work, or Favorite for SentryMode to recognize this location.

Video and Recordings

When using Sentry Mode, it is recommendedthat you insert a USB flash drive into one ofthe vehicle's USB Ports (see Interior Storageand Electronics on page 20) and configure itaccording to the instructions in Dashcam onpage 81. In Sentry Mode, the cameras recordand save video footage if a security eventoccurs, but this footage is saved only if a USBflash drive is installed. The video files aresaved on the flash drive with a uniquetimestamp. Saved recordings will not beoverwritten by new recordings. To retrieve thefootage, unplug the flash drive and use apersonal computer to access the video files.

Note: You are responsible for complying withall local laws, regulations, and propertyrestrictions regarding video recordings whenusing Sentry Mode. Sentry Mode does notrecord audio.

Note: Sentry Mode will also send recordedvideo to Tesla for temporary backup. Teslamay also use this footage to help enhancedetection for Sentry Mode. You can enable ordisable the collection of this video at any timevia the "DATA SHARING" video clip inControls > Safety & Security.

Note: Video recording may not be available incertain market regions or in vehicles builtbefore approximately August 1, 2017.

Security Settings


HomeLink®Universal Transceiver

About HomeLinkIf your vehicle is equipped with the HomeLink®

Universal Transceiver, you can operate up tothree Radio Frequency (RF) devices, includinggarage doors, gates, lights, and securitysystems.

Note: Depending on date of manufacture,market region, and options selected at time ofpurchase, some vehicles are not equippedwith a HomeLink Universal Transceiver.

Warning: Do not use the HomeLinkUniversal Transceiver with a device thatdoes not have safety stop and reversefeatures. Using a device without thesesafety features increases the risk of injuryor death.

Programming HomeLink®

To program HomeLink® (if equipped):

1. Park Model S so that the front bumper isin front of the garage door, gate, or lightyou want to program.

Caution: Your device might open orclose during programming. Beforeprogramming, make sure that thedevice is clear of any people orobjects.

2. Get the device's remote control andensure it has a healthy battery. Teslarecommends replacing the battery in thedevice's remote control beforeProgramming HomeLink.

3. Touch the HomeLink icon on the top ofthe touchscreen.

4. Touch Create HomeLink, then use thekeyboard on your touchscreen to enter aname for your HomeLink device.

5. Touch Enter on the keyboard or touchCreate HomeLink.

6. Touch Start then follow the onscreeninstructions.

Note: If you see a screen called “Train thereceiver” while programming the device,remember that this is a time-sensitivestep. After pressing the Learn/Program/Smart button on the device's remote, youonly have approximately 30 seconds toreturn to your vehicle, press Continue, andthen press the trained HomeLink devicename twice. Consider having an assistanthelp with this step.

7. Once your device is programmed, touchSave to complete the HomeLinkprogramming routine.

8. Ensure HomeLink works as expected. Insome cases the programming processmay require multiple attempts beforesucceeding.

Once programmed, you can operate thedevice by touching its correspondingHomeLink icon on the touchscreen's statusbar. HomeLink remembers the location of yourprogrammed devices. When you approach aknown location, the HomeLink control on thetouchscreen automatically drops down. Whenyou drive away, it disappears.

Note: For additional assistance orcompatibility questions, contact HomeLink(www.homelink.com or call 1-800-355-3515).

Auto Opening and ClosingTo operate a HomeLink device withouttouching the touchscreen, you can automatethe device to open as you approach and closeas you drive away:

1. Touch the HomeLink icon on the top ofthe touchscreen and choose the deviceyou want to automate.

2. Select the Auto-open when arrivingcheckbox if you want the device to openas you approach.

3. Touch the arrows to specify the distanceyou want your vehicle to be from thedevice before it opens.

4. Select the Auto-close when leavingcheckbox if you want the device to closeas you drive away.

As you approach (or drive away from) adevice that is set to operate automatically, theHomeLink status icon displays a count-downmessage to let you know when the device willautomatically open/close. In situations whereyou don't want the device to automaticallyopen or close, touch Skip Auto-Open or SkipAuto-Close at any time during the count-downmessage.

HomeLink® Universal Transceiver


http://www.homelink.com

tel:1-800-355-3515

Resetting the Location of theHomeLink DeviceIf you experience situations in which yousometimes drive up to your HomeLink deviceand it doesn't open, or the HomeLink icon onthe touchscreen's status bar does not displaythe dropdown when you approach the device,you may need to reset the device's location.To do so, park as close as possible to theHomeLink device (garage door, gate, etc.) anddisplay the HomeLink settings page bytouching the HomeLink icon on the top of thetouchscreen. Touch the name of the deviceyou want to reset, then Reset Location.

Deleting a DeviceTo delete a HomeLink device, touch theHomeLink icon on the top of the touchscreen.Touch the name of the device you want todelete, then touch Delete.

Note: You can also perform a factory reset toerase your HomeLink settings, along with allother personal data (saved addresses, musicfavorites, imported contacts, etc.). See ErasingPersonal Data on page 118.

Note: For security reasons, delete yourHomeLink devices if you sell your Model S.

Troubleshooting HomeLinkWhen programming a HomeLink device, thetouchscreen walks you through a two-partprogramming process:

1. Model S records the signal from theremote. The touchscreen instructs you tostand in front of the vehicle, point theremote at the front bumper and press andhold the button until the headlights flash.When the headlights flash, Model S haslearned the remote and you can touchContinue on the touchscreen. If theheadlights do not flash, refer to theguidelines in Headlights do not flash onpage 141.

2. The device's receiver learns Model S. Thetouchscreen instructs you to press theLEARN button on the device's receiver. Iftraining the receiver does not work, referto the guidelines in After programming,the device does not work on page 141.

Note: Only devices that are equipped witha “rolling code” remote need to learnModel S. If you have an old device that isnot equipped with a "rolling code" remote,the device does not need to learn Model Sand you can skip this part of the process.You can also skip this part if your receiveris "Quick-Train" compatible.

Headlights do not flash

• Check the batteries in the remote. It is agood idea to replace the batteries beforeyou start programming.

• Standing in front of the vehicle, press andhold the button on your device's remotewith the remote approximately 5 cm infront of the Tesla emblem. In some casesyou must hold the button on the remotefor up to three minutes.

• If you see a screen called “Train thereceiver” while programming the device,remember that this is a time-sensitivestep. After pressing the Learn/Program/Smart button on the device's remote, youonly have approximately 30 seconds toreturn to your vehicle, press Continue, andthen press the trained HomeLink devicename twice. Consider having an assistanthelp with this step.

• For additional assistance or compatibilityquestions, contact HomeLink(www.homelink.com or call 1-800-355-3515).

After programming, the device does not work

• Park Model S with its front bumper asclose as possible to the garage door, gate,etc. that you are trying to program.

• Make sure you are pressing the receiver'sLearn/Program/Smart button. Forinstructions on how to put the receiverinto learning mode, refer to the ownerdocumentation provided with the garagedoor, gate, etc. that you are trying toprogram.

• Most devices stay in learning mode foronly three to five minutes. Immediatelyafter pressing the device's Learn/Program/Smart button, follow theinstructions displayed on the vehicle'stouchscreen.

HomeLink® Universal Transceiver


http://www.homelink.com

tel:1-800-355-3515

Connecting to Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is available as a data connection methodand is often faster than cellular data networks.Connecting to Wi-Fi is especially useful inareas with limited or no cellular connectivity.To ensure fast, reliable delivery of softwareand map updates, Tesla recommends leavingyour vehicle connected to a Wi-Fi networkwhenever possible (for example, if parked inyour garage overnight).

To connect to a Wi-Fi network:

1. Touch the cellular icon (usually LTE or 3G)on the top corner of your touchscreen.Model S will start scanning and display thedetected Wi-Fi networks that are withinrange.

2. Select the Wi-Fi network you want to use,enter the password (if necessary), thentouch Confirm.

3. Your vehicle connects to the Wi-Finetwork and will automatically connect toit whenever the network is within range.

You can also connect to a hidden network thatisn't shown on the list of scanned networks.Just touch Wi-Fi Settings, enter the name ofthe network in the resulting dialog box, selectthe security setting, then touch Add Network.

Note: If more than one previously connectednetwork is within range, Model S connects tothe one most recently used.

Note: You can also use a mobile hotspot oryour phone's Internet connection via Wi-Fitethering (subject to fees and restrictions ofyour mobile carrier).

Note: At Tesla Service Centers, Model Sautomatically connects to the Tesla ServiceWi-Fi network.

Connecting to Wi-Fi


Software Updates

Loading New SoftwareModel S updates its software wirelessly,providing new features throughout your termof ownership. Tesla recommends that youinstall software updates as soon as they areavailable. The first time you enter Model Safter an update is made available, a schedulingwindow displays on the touchscreen. Thescheduling window displays again at the endof your first driving session.

Note: Some software updates can take up tothree hours to complete. Model S must be inPark while the new software is being installed.To ensure the fastest and most reliabledelivery of software updates, leave the Wi-Fiturned on and connected whenever possible(see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 142).

Note: Software updates using cellular data arealso available if your vehicle is equipped withpremium connectivity.

Warning: Do not attempt to use thevehicle while the software is beingupdated. Vehicle functions, includingsome safety systems, may be limited ordisabled while a software update is inprogress and you could damage thevehicle.

When a software update is available, a yellowclock icon appears on the touchscreen’s statusbar. Touch this clock icon to display theupdate window. You can then either:

• Schedule the update by setting the timeyou want the update to begin. Then touchSet For This Time. Once scheduled, theyellow clock icon changes to a white clockicon. You can reschedule the update anytime before it begins.

OR• Touch Install Now to immediately start the

update process.

Alternatively, touch Controls > Software,where a "New Update Available" windowappears if your vehicle detects a new softwareupdate. You can also view the release notes ofyour current software version. Model S mustbe connected to Wi-Fi to start the update (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 142).

If Model S is charging when the softwareupdate begins, charging stops. Chargingresumes automatically when the softwareupdate is complete. If you are driving Model Sat the scheduled update time, the update iscanceled and you need to reschedule it.

Note: Software updates are not performedwhen Keep Climate On or SmartPreconditioningis active.

Note: You can also start software updatesusing your Tesla mobile app.

Note: Over time, the touchscreen may displaya software update window informing you toSET FOR THIS TIME or INSTALL NOW. Thissoftware update window will persist until youcomplete the installation of the softwareupdate. You must install all software updatesas soon as they are available and any harmrelating to the failure to install a softwareupdate will not be covered by the vehicle’swarranty. Failure or refusal to install suchupdates may result in the inaccessibility ofcertain vehicle features (includingincompatibility with digital media devices) orin Tesla being unable to diagnose and serviceyour vehicle.

Note: If software updates are not installed,some vehicle features may becomeinaccessible and digital media devices maybecome incompatible. Reverting to a previoussoftware version is not possible.

If the touchscreen displays a messageindicating that a software update was notsuccessfully completed, contact Tesla.

Viewing Release NotesWhen a software update is complete, learnabout the new features by reading the releasenotes. To display release notes about yourcurrent software version at any time touch theTesla “T” at the top center of the touchscreen,then touch Release Notes.

Tesla strongly recommends reading all releasenotes. They may contain important safetyinformation or operating instructionsregarding your Model S.

Software Updates


Mobile App

OverviewThe Tesla mobile app allows you tocommunicate with Model S remotely usingyour iPhone® or Android™ phone. With thisapp, you can:

• View the vehicle's estimated range.• Check charging progress, stop charging,

and receive notifications when charging isstarted, interrupted, almost complete, orcomplete.

Note: When Supercharging, additionalnotifications alert you when you will becharged idle fees for parking at asupercharger after charging is complete.The idle fees are waived if your vehicle ismoved within five minutes of when thevehicle finishes charging. See Supercharger Usage Fees and Idle Fees onpage 154.

• Check the interior temperature and heator cool the cabin before driving (even ifit's in a garage).

• Locate Model S with directions, or track itsmovement across a map.

• Flash lights or honk the horn to findModel S when parked.

• Vent or close the sunroof.• Lock or unlock Model S from afar.• Open the front or rear trunk.• Enable valet mode.• Enable Keyless Driving.

Note: Keyless Driving can be used whenyou do not have your key or to bypass PINto Drive in cases where you forgot yourPIN or your touchscreen is unresponsive.

• Support the Model S Calendar app byallowing the mobile app to send yourphone's calendar data to Model S.

• Enable/disable Sentry Mode.• Receive notifications when the security

alarm has been triggered.• Receive notifications of software updates.• Start software updates from afar.• Access your Tesla Inbox.• Enable/disable Speed Limit Mode and

receive notifications when the vehicle'sdriving speed is within approximately 5km/h of your selected maximum speed(see Speed Limit Mode on page 117).

• View the odometer, VIN, and currentsoftware version.

Note: The above list may not represent anexhaustive list of the functions available on theTesla mobile app. To ensure access to new and

improved features, download updatedversions of the mobile app as they becomeavailable.

To use the mobile appFollow these steps to allow the Tesla mobileapp to communicate with your Model S:

1. Download the Tesla mobile app to yourphone.

2. Log in to the Tesla mobile app by enteringyour Tesla account credentials.

3. Enable mobile access to your Model S bytouching Controls > Safety & Security >Mobile Access (see Controls on page 109).

Note: Your phone must be connected tocellular service to allow the mobile app tocommunicate with your vehicle. If parking inan area without cellular service, such as anindoor parking garage, ensure that you have afunctional key readily available.

Note: Tesla does not support the use of thirdparty applications to contact Model S.

Mobile App


Charging

Electric Vehicle Components

High Voltage Components

1. Front Motor (All-Wheel Drive vehicles only)2. Air Conditioning Compressor3. Battery Coolant Heater4. Forward Junction Box5. High Voltage Cabling6. On-board Charger7. DC-DC Converter8. Cabin Heater9. High Voltage Battery10. Charge Port11. Rear Motor

Warning: The high voltage system has no user serviceable parts. Do not disassemble, removeor replace high voltage components, cables or connectors. High voltage cables are typicallycolored orange for easy identification.

Warning: Read and follow all instructions provided on the labels that are attached to Model S.These labels are there for your safety.

Warning: In the unlikely event that a fire occurs, immediately contact your local fireemergency responders.


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Charging EquipmentCharging equipment designed specifically tocharge your Model S is available from Tesla. ATesla Wall Connector, which installs in yourgarage, is the fastest way to charge Model S athome.

In most market regions, Model S is equippedwith a Mobile Connector and the adapter(s)needed to plug into the most commonly usedpower outlets. When using the MobileConnector, first plug the Mobile Connectorinto the power outlet, and then plug inModel S. For more information about yourMobile Connector, see the Mobile ConnectorOwner’s Manual (available on thetouchscreen). Additional adapters can bepurchased from Tesla.

Tesla offers additional adapters (for example,J1772, CHAdeMO, and CCS Combo) to allowyou to plug into the most commonly usedpublic charging stations in your region.Connect the adapter to the charging station’scharge cable, open the charge port door usingthe touchscreen (see Charging Instructions onpage 149), and then plug in Model S. Forinformation on the charging equipmentavailable for your region, go to www.tesla.com, choose your region, and thenview the available charging options.



http://www.tesla.com

Battery Information

About the BatteryModel S has one of the most sophisticatedbattery systems in the world. The mostimportant way to preserve the Battery is toLEAVE YOUR VEHICLE PLUGGED IN whenyou are not using it. This is particularlyimportant if you are not planning to driveModel S for several weeks. When plugged in,Model S wakes up when needed toautomatically maintain a charge level thatmaximizes the lifetime of the Battery.

Note: When left idle and unplugged, yourvehicle periodically uses energy from theBattery for system tests and recharging the12V battery when necessary.

There is no advantage to waiting until theBattery’s level is low before charging. In fact,the Battery performs best when chargedregularly.

Note: If the Model S Battery becomescompletely discharged in a situation in whichtransporting the vehicle is required, the owneris responsible for transporting expenses.Discharge-related transporting expenses arenot covered under the Roadside Assistancepolicy.

The peak charging rate of the Battery maydecrease slightly after a large number of DCFast Charging sessions, such as those atSuperchargers. To ensure maximum drivingrange and Battery safety, the Battery chargerate is decreased when the Battery is too cold,when the Battery’s charge is nearly full, andwhen the Battery conditions change withusage and age. These changes in the conditionof the Battery are driven by battery physicsand may increase the total Superchargingduration by a few minutes over time.

Battery CareNever allow the Battery to fully discharge.Even when Model S is not being driven, itsBattery discharges very slowly to power theonboard electronics. The Battery candischarge at a rate of approximately 1% perday, though the discharge rate may varydepending on environmental factors (such ascold weather), vehicle configuration, and yourselected settings on the touchscreen.Situations can arise in which you must leaveModel S unplugged for an extended period oftime (for example, at an airport whentraveling). In these situations, keep the 1% inmind to ensure that you leave the Battery witha sufficient charge level. For example, over atwo week period (14 days), the Battery maydischarge by approximately 14%.

Discharging the Battery to 0% may result indamage to vehicle components. To protectagainst a complete discharge, Model S entersa low-power consumption mode when thedisplayed charge level drops to approximately0%. In this mode, the Battery stops supportingthe onboard electronics and auxiliary 12Vbattery. Once this low-power consumptionmode is active, immediately plug in Model S toprevent a jump-start and 12V batteryreplacement.

Note: If the vehicle is unresponsive and willnot unlock, open, or charge, then the 12Vbattery may have become discharged. In thissituation, contact Tesla.

Temperature Limits

For better long-term performance, avoidexposing Model S to ambient temperaturesabove 60° C or below -30° C for more than 24hours at a time.

Energy Saving Feature

Model S has an energy-saving feature thatreduces the amount of energy beingconsumed by the displays when Model S is notin use. On newer vehicles, this feature isautomated to provide an optimal level ofenergy saving. However, on older vehicles, youcan control the amount of energy beingconsumed by the displays by touchingControls > Display > Energy Saving. For moreinformation on maximizing range and savingenergy, see Getting Maximum Range on page78.

Battery Information

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Battery Warnings and Cautions

Warning: The Battery has no parts that anowner or a non-Tesla authorized servicetechnician can service. Under nocircumstances should you open or tamperwith the Battery. Always contact Tesla toarrange for Battery servicing.

Caution: If the Battery’s charge level fallsto 0%, you must plug it in. If you leave itunplugged for an extended period, it maynot be possible to charge or use Model Swithout jump starting or replacing the 12Vbattery. Leaving Model S unplugged foran extended period can also result inpermanent Battery damage. If you areunable to charge Model S, contact Teslaimmediately.

Caution: The Battery requires no ownermaintenance. Do not remove the coolantfiller cap and do not add fluid. If theinstrument panel warns you that the fluidlevel is low, contact Tesla immediately.

Caution: Do not use the Battery as astationary power source. Doing so voidsthe warranty.

Battery Information


Charging Instructions

Opening the Charge PortThe charge port is located on the left side ofModel S, behind a door that is part of the reartail light assembly. Before charging, parkModel S to ensure that the charge cable easilyreaches the charge port.

With Model S unlocked (or a recognized key iswithin range) and in Park, press and releasethe button on the Tesla charge cable to openthe charge port door.

Note: If the charge cable is in range of thecharge port door, you can press the button onthe charge cable to open the charge port dooreven when Model S is locked or a recognizedkey is not in range.

You can also open the charge port door usingany of these methods:

• On the touchscreen, use the app launcherto open the Charging app, then touchOpen Charge Port.

• On the Model S touchscreen, touchControls > Quick Controls then touch thecharging icon.

• Press the charge port door when Model Sis unlocked or a recognized key is nearby.

• On the key, hold down the rear trunkbutton for 1-2 seconds.

Note: The charge port lights up white whenyou open the charge port door. If you do notinsert a charge cable into the charge portwithin a few minutes after opening the chargeport door, the charge port door closes. If thishappens, use the touchscreen to open thecharge port door again.

Caution: Do not try to force the chargeport door open.

Plugging InIf desired, use the touchscreen to change thecharge limit and the charging current (see Changing Charge Settings on page 152).

To charge at a public charging station, attachan adapter to the station’s charging connector.The most commonly used adapter(s) for eachmarket region are provided. Depending on thecharging equipment you are using, you mayneed to start and stop charging using acontrol on the charging equipment.

If you are using the Mobile Connector, plug itinto the power outlet before plugging it intoModel S.

Align the connector to the charge port andinsert fully. When the connector is properlyinserted, charging begins automatically afterModel S:

• Engages a latch that holds the connectorin place;

• Shifts into Park (if it was in any othergear);


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• Heats or cools the Battery, if needed. Ifthe Battery requires heating or cooling,you may notice a delay before chargingbegins.

Note: Whenever Model S is plugged in but notactively charging, it draws energy from thewall outlet instead of using energy stored inthe Battery. For example, if you are sitting inModel S and using the touchscreen whileparked and plugged in, Model S draws energyfrom the wall outlet instead of the Battery.

Caution: The connector end of the chargecable can damage the paint if droppedonto the vehicle.

During ChargingDuring charging, the charge port light pulsesgreen, and the instrument panel displays thecharging status. The frequency at which thecharge port light pulses slows down as thecharge level approaches full. When charging iscomplete, the light stops pulsing and is solidgreen.

Note: If Model S is locked, the charge portlight does not light up.

If the charge port light turns red whilecharging, a fault is detected. Check theinstrument panel or touchscreen for amessage describing the fault. A fault canoccur due to something as common as apower outage. If a power outage occurs,charging resumes automatically when poweris restored.

Note: When charging, particularly at highcurrents, the refrigerant compressor and fanoperate as needed to keep the Battery cool.Therefore, it is normal to hear sounds duringcharging.

Note: Air conditioning performance isgenerally not affected by charging. However,under certain circumstances (for example, youare charging at high currents during aparticularly warm day), the air coming fromthe vents may not be as cool as expected anda message displays on the instrument panel.This is normal behavior and ensures that theBattery stays within an optimum temperaturerange while charging to support longevity andoptimum performance.

Warning: Never spray liquid at a highvelocity (for example, if using a pressurewasher) towards the charge port whilecharging. Failure to follow theseinstructions can result in serious injury or

damage to the vehicle, chargingequipment, or property.

Stopping ChargingStop charging at any time by disconnectingthe charge cable or touching Stop Chargingon the touchscreen.

Note: To prevent unauthorized unplugging ofthe charge cable, the charge cable latchremains locked and Model S must be unlockedor able to recognize your key before you candisconnect the charge cable.

To disconnect the charge cable:

1. Press and hold the button on theconnector handle to release the latch.Alternatively, unlock the vehicle byopening a door, using a key fob, ortouching Stop Charging on thetouchscreen. These methods unlock thecharge port as well.

2. Pull the connector from the charge port.3. Push the charge port door closed.

Caution: Tesla strongly recommendsleaving Model S plugged in when not inuse. This maintains the Battery at theoptimum level of charge.

Manually Releasing Charge CableIf the usual methods for releasing a chargecable from the charge port (using the chargehandle release button, touchscreen, or mobileapp) do not work, carefully follow these steps:

1. Ensure that Model S is not activelycharging by displaying the chargingscreen on the touchscreen. If necessary,touch Stop Charging.

2. Open the rear trunk.



3. Open the flap on the left side of the trunkside trim.

4. Press and hold the charge port's manualrelease lever towards the front of thevehicle to unlatch the charge cable.

Warning: Do not touch or attempt toremove the orange High Voltagecover. Failure to follow theseinstructions can result in electricshock and serious injury.

Note: If your vehicle does not have acharge port release lever (shown in thefollowing image), discontinue thisprocedure and contact Tesla.

5. Pull the charge cable from the chargeport.

6. Close the flap on the left side of the trunkside trim.

Caution: The release lever is designed foruse only in situations where the chargecable cannot be released from the chargeport using the usual methods. Continuoususe may result in damage to the releaselever or charging equipment.

Warning: Do not perform this procedurewhile your vehicle is charging or if anyorange high voltage conductors areexposed. Failure to follow theseinstructions can result in electric shockand serious injury or damage to thevehicle. If you have any uncertainty as tohow to safely perform this procedure,contact Tesla.

Warning: Do not attempt to remove thecharge cable at the same exact time asyou begin to press the release levertowards the front of the vehicle. Alwayspress the release lever towards the frontof the vehicle and hold it before youbegin to remove the charge cable fromthe charge port. Failure to follow theseinstructions can result in electric shockand serious injury.

Charge Port Light• WHITE: The charge port door is open.

Model S is ready to charge and theconnector is not inserted, or the chargeport latch is unlocked and the connector isready to be removed.

• BLUE: Model S detects that a connectorhas been plugged in.

• BLINKING BLUE: Model S iscommunicating with the connector. EitherModel S is preparing to charge, or acharging session is scheduled to begin ata specified future time.

• BLINKING GREEN: Charging is in progress.As Model S approaches a full charge, thefrequency of the blinking slows.

• SOLID GREEN: Charging is complete.• SOLID AMBER: The connector is not fully

plugged in. Realign the connector to thecharge port and insert fully.

• BLINKING AMBER: Model S is charging ata reduced current (AC charging only).

• RED: A fault is detected and charging hasstopped. Check the instrument panel ortouchscreen for a fault message.


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Changing Charge SettingsThe charging screen displays on thetouchscreen whenever the charge port door isopen. To display the charging screen at anytime:

Touch the Apps icon, then touchthe charging icon.

Note: The following illustration is provided fordemonstration purposes only and may varyslightly depending on software version andmarket region.

Note: If charging at a Tesla Supercharger, andpaid supercharging is potentially in effect, thecharging screen also displays informationabout your previous or current Superchargersession (see Supercharger Usage Fees andIdle Fees on page 154).

Note: To reduce congestion at high-usagesupercharger sites, you may be automaticallylimited to a maximum charge of 80% whennot using Trip Planner (see Trip Information).You can manually increase the limit by tapping“Set Limit” on the touchscreen or mobile app.

1. Charge status messages (such asCharging Scheduled, Charging) displayhere.

2. To adjust the charge limit, touch Set Limit,and drag the arrow to change the chargelimit setting. The setting you chooseapplies to immediate and scheduledcharging sessions.

3. The current automatically sets to themaximum current available from theattached charge cable, unless it waspreviously reduced to a lower level. Ifneeded, touch - or + to change the current(for example, you may want to reduce thecurrent if you are concerned aboutoverloading a domestic wiring circuitshared by other equipment). It is notpossible to set the charging current to alevel that exceeds the maximum availablefrom the attached charge cable. Whenyou change the current, Model Sremembers the location. If you charge atthe same location, you do not need tochange it again.

Note: For 3-phase charging (if applicablein your region), the available currentrepresents the current per phase (up to 32amps). During charging, the right statusflag displays the 3-phase symbol in frontof the displayed current.

Note: If Model S automatically reduced thecurrent at a charging location because offluctuations in input power (see the notein Charging Status on page 153), Teslarecommends charging at the lowercurrent until the underlying problem isresolved and the charging location canprovide consistent power.

4. Touch to open the charge port door or tostart (or stop) charging.

5. Energy level.6. Charging rate per hour, estimated increase

in driving distance (or energy) achievedso far in this charging session, currentsupplied/available from the connectedpower supply, and voltage supplied by thecharge cable.

7. Location-specific schedule. With Model Sin Park, set a specific time to begincharging at the current location. If, at thescheduled time, Model S is not plugged inat the location, charging starts as soon asyou plug it in provided you plug it inwithin six hours of the scheduled time. Ifplugged in after six hours, charging doesnot start until the scheduled time on thenext day. To override this setting, touchStart Charging or Stop Charging (seeitem 4). When you set a scheduledcharging time, Model S displays the settime on the instrument panel andtouchscreen.



Charging StatusThe following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only and may vary slightlydepending on the software version and market region.

1. Charging status information. For example, when Model S is charging, it displays the timeremaining until fully charged at the currently selected charge level. When a charging session isscheduled, it displays when charging starts.

2. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. To choose between displaying distanceor energy percentage, touch Controls > Display > Energy Display.

Note: A portion of the battery image may appear blue. This indicates that a small portion ofthe energy stored in the battery is not available because the battery is cold. This is normal andno reason for concern. When the battery warms up, the blue portion no longer displays.

3. Charging rate per hour.4. Estimated increase in driving distance (or energy) achieved so far in this charging session.5. Current supplied/available from the connected power supply (see Changing Charge Settings

on page 152).

If connected to a 3-phase power supply (if applicable in your region), theavailable current represents the current per phase and the 3-phase symboldisplays.

6. Voltage supplied by the charge cable.

Note: If Model S is charging and detects unexpected fluctuations in input power, the chargingcurrent is automatically reduced by 25%. For example, a 40 amp current is reduced to 30 amps.This automatic current reduction increases robustness and safety in situations when an externalproblem exists (for example, a home wiring system, receptacle, adapter or cord is unable to meetits rated current capacity). As a precaution, when Model S automatically reduces current, it savesthe reduced current at the charging location. Although you can manually increase it, Teslarecommends charging at the lower current until the underlying problem is resolved and thecharging location can provide consistent power.


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Supercharger Usage Fees and IdleFeesWhen charging using a Tesla supercharger,SUPERCHARGING information displays at thebottom of the charging screen. Thisinformation includes the location, the timethat charging started, and an estimate of howmuch the session will cost. When you stopsupercharging, the estimated cost of thatsession displays until a new superchargingsession begins. If free charging is applicable,the estimated cost displays as zero.

Note: Estimated pricing is displayed for yourconvenience only and may not reflect theactual final price you will be charged for thatsupercharging session. Final pricing forsupercharging sessions can be found in yourTesla Account.

When charging at a Tesla supercharger, youare subject to idle fees. Idle fees are designedto encourage drivers to move their vehiclefrom the Supercharger when charging iscomplete. Idle fees are in effect only when halfof the Superchargers at a site are occupied.The Tesla mobile app notifies you whencharging nears completion, and again whencharging is complete. Additional notificationsare sent if idle fees are incurred. Idle fees arewaived if you move your vehicle within fiveminutes of charging completion.

Log into your Tesla Account to view fees anddetails about Supercharger sessions, track theremaining balance of free credits, set up apayment method, and make payments. Once apayment method is saved, fees areautomatically paid from your account.



Maintenance

Maintenance Schedule

Service IntervalsYour vehicle should generally be serviced onan as-needed basis. However, Teslarecommends the following maintenance itemsand intervals, as applicable to your vehicle, toensure continued reliability and efficiency ofyour Model S.

• Brake fluid health check every 2 years(replace if necessary)

• A/C desiccant bag replacement every 2years

• Cabin air filter replacement every 2 years• HEPA filter replacement every 3 years• Clean and lubricate brake calipers every

year or 12,500 miles (if in an area whereroads are salted during the Winter)

• Rotate tires every 16,000-20,000 km or iftread depth difference is 1.5 mm or greater

Note: The above intervals are based on normaldriving behaviors and scenarios. Additionally,the above list should not be consideredcomprehensive and does not includeconsumable parts such as windshield wipers,brake pads, etc.

Note: Damages or failures caused bymaintenance or repairs performed by non-Tesla certified technicians are not covered bythe warranty.

Daily Checks• Check the Battery’s charge level,

displayed on the instrument panel ormobile app.

• Check the condition and pressure of eachtire (see Tire Care and Maintenance onpage 157).

• Check that all exterior lights, horn, turnsignals, and wipers and washers areworking.

• Check for any unexpected indicator lightsor vehicle alerts on the touchscreen orinstrument panel.

• Check the operation of the brakes,including the parking brake.

• Check the operation of the seat belts(see Seat Belts on page 27).

• Look for abnormal fluid depositsunderneath Model S that might indicate aleak. It is normal for a small pool of waterto form (caused by the air conditioningsystem’s dehumidifying process).

• Look around the exterior of Model S andimmediately remove any corrosivesubstances (such as bird droppings, treeresin, tar spots, dead insects, industrialfallout, etc.) to prevent damage to thepaint (see Cleaning on page 163).

Monthly Checks• Check windshield washer fluid level and

top up if necessary (see Topping UpWindshield Washer Fluid on page 169).

• Check that the air conditioning system isoperating correctly (see Climate Controlson page 119).

Warning: Contact Tesla immediately if younotice any significant or sudden drop influid levels or uneven tire wear.

Fluid Replacement IntervalsYour Battery coolant does not need to bereplaced for the life of your vehicle undermost circumstances. Brake fluid should bechecked every 2 years, replacing if necessary.

Note: Any damage caused by opening theBattery coolant reservoir is excluded from thewarranty.

High Voltage SafetyYour Model S has been designed and builtwith safety as a priority. However, be aware ofthese precautions to protect yourself from therisk of injury inherent in all high-voltagesystems:

• Read and follow all instructions providedon the labels that are attached to Model S.These labels are there for your safety.

• The high voltage system has no user-serviceable parts. Do not disassemble,remove or replace high voltagecomponents, cables or connectors. Highvoltage cables are colored orange for easyidentification.

• If a collision occurs, do not touch any highvoltage wiring, connectors, orcomponents connected to the wiring.

• In the unlikely event that a fire occurs,immediately contact your local fireemergency responders.

Warning: Always disconnect the chargecable before working underneathModel S, even if charging is not inprogress.


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Warning: Keep your hands and clothingaway from cooling fans. Some fansoperate even when Model S is poweredoff.

Warning: Some fluids (battery acid,Battery coolant, brake fluid, windshieldwasher additives, etc.) used in vehiclesare poisonous and should not be inhaled,swallowed, or brought into contact withopen wounds. For your safety, alwaysread and follow instructions printed onfluid containers.



Tire Care and Maintenance

Maintaining Tire PressuresKeep tires inflated to the pressures shown onthe Tire and Loading Information label, even ifit differs from the pressure printed on the tireitself. The Tire and Loading Information label islocated on the center door pillar and is visiblewhen the front door is open.

The Tire Pressure indicator light onthe instrument panel alerts you ifone or more tires is under- or over-inflated.

The Tire Pressure indicator light does notimmediately turn off when you adjust tirepressure. After inflating the tire to therecommended pressure, you must drive over25 km/h for more than 10 minutes to activatethe Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS),which turns off the Tire Pressure indicatorlight.

If the indicator light flashes for one minutewhenever you power on Model S, a fault withthe TPMS is detected (see TPMS Malfunctionon page 160).

On newer vehicles, you can display tirepressures on the instrument panel by choosingto display Car Status using the right or leftsteering wheel buttons (see Using LeftSteering Wheel Buttons on page 47 or UsingRight Steering Wheel Buttons on page 48).You can also choose whether you want todisplay tire pressures using BAR or PSI bytouching Controls > Display > Tire Pressure.

Warning: Under-inflation is the mostcommon cause of tire failures and cancause a tire to overheat, resulting insevere tire cracking, tread separation, orblowout, which causes unexpected loss ofvehicle control and increased risk of

injury. Under-inflation also reduces thevehicle's range and tire tread life.

Warning: Check tire pressures using anaccurate pressure gauge when tires arecold. It takes only about 1.6 kms of drivingto warm up the tires sufficiently to affecttire pressures. Parking the vehicle indirect sunlight or in hot weather can alsoaffect tire pressures. If you must checkwarm tires, expect increased pressures.Do not let air out of warm tires in anattempt to match recommended cold tirepressures. A hot tire at or below therecommended cold tire inflation pressureis dangerously under-inflated.

Warning: Do not use any tire sealantother than the type provided in a Teslatire repair kit. Other types can cause tirepressure sensors to malfunction. If yourModel S did not include a tire repair kit,you can purchase one from Tesla.


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Checking and Adjusting Tire Pressures

Follow these steps when tires are cold andModel S has been stationary for over threehours:

1. Refer to the Tire and Loading Informationlabel located on the driver’s center doorpillar for the target tire pressure.

2. Remove the valve cap.3. Firmly press an accurate tire pressure

gauge onto the valve to measure pressure.4. If required, add or remove air to reach the

recommended pressure.

Note: You can release air by pressing themetal stem in the center of the valve.

5. Re-check pressure using the accurate tiregauge.

6. Repeat steps 3 and 4 as necessary untilthe tire pressure is correct.

7. Reinstall the valve cap to prevent dirt fromentering. Periodically check the valve fordamage and leaks.

Inspecting and Maintaining TiresRegularly inspect the tread and side walls forany sign of distortion (bulges), foreign objects,cuts or wear.

Warning: Do not drive Model S if a tire isdamaged, excessively worn, or inflated toan incorrect pressure. Check tiresregularly for wear, and ensure there areno cuts, bulges or exposure of the ply/cord structure.

Tire Wear

Adequate tread depth is important for propertire performance. Tires with a tread depth lessthan 3 mm are more likely to hydroplane inwet conditions and should not be used. Tireswith a tread depth less than 4 mm do notperform well in snow and slush and should notbe used when driving in winter conditions.

Model S is originally fitted with tires that havewear indicators molded into the tread pattern.When the tread has been worn down to 3 mm,the indicators start to appear at the surface ofthe tread pattern, producing the effect of acontinuous band of rubber across the width ofthe tire. For optimal performance and safety,Tesla recommends replacing tires before thewear indicators are visible.

Tire Rotation, Balance, and Wheel Alignment

Tesla recommends rotating the tires every16,000-20,000 km.

Unbalanced wheels (sometimes noticeable asvibration through the steering wheel) affectvehicle handling and tire life. Even with regularuse, wheels can get out of balance. Therefore,they should be balanced as required.

If tire wear is uneven (on one side of the tireonly) or becomes abnormally excessive, checkthe alignment of wheels.

Note: When replacing only two tires, alwaysinstall the new tires on the rear.



Punctured Tires

A puncture eventually causes the tire to losepressure, which is why it is important to checktire pressures frequently. Permanently repairor replace punctured or damaged tires assoon as possible.

Your tubeless tires may not leak whenpenetrated, provided the object remains in thetire. If, however, you feel a sudden vibration orride disturbance while driving, or you suspecta tire is damaged, immediately reduce yourspeed. Drive slowly, while avoiding heavybraking or sharp steering and, when safe to doso, stop the vehicle. Arrange to have Model Stransported to a Tesla Service Center, or to anearby tire repair center.

Note: In some cases, you can temporarilyrepair small tire punctures (under 6 mm) usingan optional tire repair kit available from Tesla.This allows you to slowly drive Model S toTesla or to a nearby tire repair facility.

Warning: Do not drive with a puncturedtire, even if the puncture has not causedthe tire to deflate. A punctured tire candeflate suddenly at any time.

Flat Spots

If Model S is stationary for a long period inhigh temperatures, tires can form flat spots.When Model S is driven, these flat spots causea vibration which gradually disappears as thetires warm up and regain their original shape.

To minimize flat spots during storage, inflatetires to the maximum pressure indicated onthe tire wall. Then, before driving, release airto adjust tire pressure to the recommendedlevels.

Improving Tire Mileage

To improve the mileage you get from yourtires, maintain tires at the recommended tirepressures, observe speed limits and advisoryspeeds, and avoid:

• Pulling away quickly, or hard acceleration.• Fast turns and heavy braking.• Potholes and objects in the road.• Hitting curbs when parking.• Contaminating tires with fluids that can

cause damage.

Replacing Tires and WheelsTires degrade over time due to the effects ofultraviolet light, extreme temperatures, highloads, and environmental conditions. It isrecommended that tires are replaced every sixyears, or sooner if required.

Wheel and tires are matched to suit thehandling characteristics of the vehicle.Replacement tires must comply with theoriginal specification. If tires other than thosespecified are used, ensure that the load andspeed ratings marked on the tire (see Understanding Tire Markings on page 182)equal or exceed those of the originalspecification.

Ideally, you should replace all four tires at thesame time. If this is not possible, replace thetires in pairs, placing the new tires on the rear.Always balance the wheel after replacing atire.

If you replace a wheel, the TPMS (Tire PressureMonitoring System) sensors need to be resetto ensure they provide accurate warningswhen tires are under- or over-inflated (see Resetting the TPMS Sensors on page 160).

For the specification of the original wheelsand tires installed on Model S, see Wheels andTires on page 180.

Warning: For your safety, use only tiresand wheels that match the originalspecification. Tires that do not match theoriginal specification can affect theoperation of the TPMS.

Warning: Never exceed the speed ratingof your vehicle's tires. The speed rating isshown on the sidewall of your tires (see Understanding Tire Markings on page182).

Asymmetric Tires

Model S tires are asymmetric and must bemounted on the wheel with the correctsidewall facing outward. The sidewall of thetire is marked with the word OUTSIDE. Whennew tires are installed, make sure that the tiresare correctly mounted on the wheels.


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Warning: Road holding is seriouslyimpaired if the tires are incorrectlyinstalled on the wheels.

Tire Pressure MonitoringEach tire should be checked monthly whencold and inflated to the recommendedpressures that are printed on the Tire andLoading Information label located on thedriver’s door pillar (see Maintaining TirePressures on page 157). If your vehicle hastires of a different size than the size indicatedon the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressurelabel, determine the proper tire inflationpressure for those tires.

As an added safety feature, your vehicle hasbeen equipped with a TPMS that displays atire pressure telltale (Tire Pressure Warning)on the instrument panel when one or more ofyour tires is significantly under- or over-inflated. Accordingly, when the Tire Pressureindicator light displays on the instrumentpanel to alert you about tire pressure, stopand check your tires as soon as possible, andinflate them to the proper pressure (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 157).Driving on a significantly under-inflated tirecauses the tire to overheat and can lead to tirefailure. Under-inflation also reduces rangeefficiency and tire tread life, and may affectthe vehicle's handling and stopping ability.

If Model S detects a fault with theTPMS, this indicator flashes for oneminute whenever you power onModel S.

Note: Installing accessories that are notapproved by Tesla can interfere with theTPMS.

Warning: The TPMS is not a substitute forproper tire maintenance, includingmanually checking tire pressures andregularly inspecting the condition of tires.It is the driver's responsibility to maintaincorrect tire pressure, even if under- orover-inflation has not reached the levelfor the TPMS to trigger the Tire PressureWarning on the instrument panel.

Resetting the TPMS Sensors

After replacing one or more wheels (but notafter replacing a tire or rotating wheels), theTPMS sensors need to be reset to ensure tirepressure warnings are accurate.

On newer versions of Model S, the TPMSsensors are reset automatically after drivingover 25 km/h for longer than 10 minutes. Butfor older versions, follow these steps:

1. Inflate all tires to their recommendedpressures, as indicated on the Tire andLoading Information label located on thedoor pillar.

2. Get ready to drive for ten minutes, thentouch Controls > Service > Reset TPMS.

3. Follow the onscreen instructions.

Caution: Selecting the incorrect wheelsize may result in false tire pressurewarnings. If a tire pressure warningdisplays, exit the vehicle, close therear trunk and all doors, wait for thetouchscreen to go black, then re-enter the vehicle and ensure that thecorrect wheel size is selected beforetouching Reset TPMS.

Note: On some older versions of Model S,when changing to 21" wheels, the TPMS maygenerate false tire pressure warnings. BringModel S to a Tesla Service Center for furtheradjustment.

Warning: Do not reset the TPMS sensorsin an attempt to clear tire pressurewarnings.

Replacing a Tire Sensor

If the Tire Pressure warning indicator displaysfrequently, contact Tesla to determine if a tiresensor needs to be replaced. If a non-TeslaService Center repairs or replaces a tire, thetire sensor may not work until Tesla performsthe setup procedure.

TPMS Malfunction

Model S has also been equipped with a TPMSmalfunction indicator to indicate when thesystem is not operating properly.



The TPMS malfunction indicator iscombined with the tire pressureindicator light. When the systemdetects a malfunction, the indicatorflashes for approximately one minuteafter Model S powers on, and thenremains continuously lit. Thissequence continues uponsubsequent vehicle start-ups as longas the malfunction exists. When theTPMS malfunction indicator is on, thesystem might not be able to detector signal under- and over-inflatedtires as intended.

TPMS malfunctions can occur for a variety ofreasons, including installing replacement oralternate tires or wheels that prevent theTPMS from functioning properly. Always checkthe TPMS malfunction indicator light afterreplacing one or more tires or wheels on yourvehicle to ensure that the replacement tires orwheels allow the TPMS to continue to functionproperly.

Note: If a tire has been replaced or repairedusing a different tire sealant than the oneavailable from Tesla, and a low tire pressure isdetected, it is possible that the tire sensor hasbeen damaged. Contact Tesla to have the faultrepaired as soon as possible.

Seasonal Tire Types

Summer Tires

Your vehicle may be originally equipped withhigh performance summer tires or all seasontires. Tesla recommends using winter tires ifdriving in cold temperatures or on roadswhere snow or ice may be present. ContactTesla for winter tire recommendations.

Warning: In cold temperatures or on snowor ice, summer tires do not provideadequate traction. Selecting and installingthe appropriate tires for winter conditionsis important to ensure the safety andoptimum performance of your Model S.

All-Season Tires

Your Model S may be originally equipped withall-season tires. These tires are designed toprovide adequate traction in most conditionsyear-round, but may not provide the samelevel of traction as winter tires in snowy or icyconditions. All-season tires can be identifiedby “ALL SEASON" and/or "M+S” (mud andsnow) on the tire sidewall.

Winter Tires

Use winter tires to increase traction in snowyor icy conditions. When installing winter tires,always install a complete set of four tires atthe same time. Winter tires must be the samesize, brand, construction and tread pattern onall four wheels. Contact Tesla for winter tirerecommendations.

When equipped with winter tires, refer to thetire warning label on the door pillar.

Winter tires can be identified by amountain/snowflake symbol on thetire's sidewall.

When driving with winter tires, you mayexperience more road noise, shorter tread life,and less traction on dry roads.


Maintenance 161

Driving in Low TemperaturesTire performance is reduced in low ambienttemperatures, resulting in reduced grip and anincreased susceptibility to damage fromimpacts. Performance tires can temporarilyharden when cold, causing you to hearrotational noise for the first few kilometersuntil the tires warm up.

Using Tire ChainsTesla has tested and approved Maggie GroupTrak Sport P217 tire chains to increase tractionin snowy conditions. These chains should onlybe installed on rear 19" tires. Do not use chainson 21" tires or on front tires. The approved tirechains can be purchased from Tesla.

When installing tire chains, follow theinstructions and warnings provided by the tirechain manufacturer. Mount them evenly and astight as possible.

When using tire chains:

• Inspect the tire chains for loose fittingsand damaged links before each use.

• Avoid heavily loading Model S (heavyloads can reduce the clearance betweenthe tires and the body).

• Do not drive the vehicle without thechains properly installed.

• Drive slowly. Do not exceed 48 km/h.• Remove the tire chains as soon as

conditions allow.

Note: Tire chains are prohibited in somejurisdictions. Check local laws before installingtire chains.

Caution: Using non-recommended tirechains, or using tire chains on other sizedtires can damage the suspension, body,wheels, and/or brake lines. Damagecaused by using non-recommended tirechains, or incorrectly installing tire chains,is not covered by the warranty.

Caution: Do not use chains on a Model Sequipped with 21" tires and do not usetire chains on front tires.

Caution: Never deflate your tires to put ontire chains. When re-inflated, the chainsmight fit too tightly and cause tiredamage.

Caution: Ensure that the tire chainscannot touch suspension components orbrake lines. If you hear the chains makingunusual noises that would indicate

contact with Model S, stop andinvestigate immediately.



Cleaning

Cleaning the ExteriorTo prevent damage to the paint, immediatelyremove corrosive substances (bird droppings,tree resin, dead insects, tar spots, road salt,industrial fallout, etc.). Do not wait untilModel S is due for a complete wash. Ifnecessary, use denatured alcohol to removetar spots and stubborn grease stains, thenimmediately wash the area with water and amild, non-detergent soap to remove thealcohol.

Follow these steps when washing the exteriorof Model S:

1. Rinse Thoroughly

Before washing, flush grime and grit fromthe vehicle using a hose. Flush awayaccumulations of mud in areas wheredebris easily collects (such as wheel wellsand panel seams). If salt has been used onthe highways (such as during wintermonths), thoroughly rinse all traces ofroad salt from the underside of thevehicle, wheel wells, and brakes.

2. Hand Wash

Hand wash Model S using a clean softcloth and cold or lukewarm watercontaining a mild, high-quality carshampoo.

3. Rinse with Clean Water

After washing, rinse with clean water toprevent soap from drying on the surfaces.

4. Dry Thoroughly and Clean Exterior Glass

After washing and rinsing, dry thoroughlywith a chamois. If necessary, dry thebrakes by going on a short drive andapplying the brakes multiple times.

Clean windows and mirrors using anautomotive glass cleaner. Do not scrape,or use any abrasive cleaning fluid on glassor mirrored surfaces.

Cautions for Exterior Cleaning

Caution: Do not use windshield treatmentfluids. Doing so can interfere with wiperfriction and cause a chattering sound.

Caution: Do not use hot water ordetergents.

Caution: Do not wash in direct sunlight.

Caution: If using a pressure washer,maintain a distance of at least 30 cmbetween the nozzle and the surface ofModel S. Keep the nozzle moving and donot concentrate the water jet on any onearea.

Caution: Do not aim water hoses directlyat window, door, or hood seals.

Caution: Do not aim water hoses atelectronic modules or exposed cabling.

Caution: To avoid corrosive damage thatmay not be covered by the warranty, rinseaway any road salt from the underside ofthe vehicle, wheel wells, and brakes. Aftercleaning the vehicle, dry the brakes bygoing on a short drive and applying thebrakes multiple times.

Caution: Avoid using tight-napped orrough cloths, such as washing mitts.

Caution: If washing in an automatic carwash, use Touchless car washes only.These car washes have no parts (brushes,etc.) that touch the surfaces of Model S.Using any other type of car wash couldcause damage that is not covered by thewarranty.

Caution: Ensure the wipers are off beforewashing Model S to avoid the risk ofdamaging the wipers.

Caution: Do not use chemical basedwheel cleaners. These can damage thefinish on the wheels.

Caution: Avoid using a high pressurepower washer on the camera(s) orparking sensors (if equipped) and do notclean a sensor or camera lens with asharp or abrasive object that can scratchor damage its surface.

Warning: Never spray liquid at a highvelocity (for example, if using a pressurewasher) towards the charge port whileModel S is charging. Failure to followthese instructions can result in seriousinjury or damage to the vehicle, chargingequipment, or property.

Cleaning

Maintenance 163

Cleaning the InteriorFrequently inspect and clean the interior tomaintain its appearance and to preventpremature wear. If possible, immediately wipeup spills and remove marks. For generalcleaning, wipe interior surfaces using a softcloth (such as microfiber) dampened with amixture of warm water and mild non-detergent cleaner (test all cleaners on aconcealed area before use). To avoid streaks,dry immediately with a soft lint-free cloth.

Interior Glass

Do not scrape, or use any abrasive cleaningfluid on glass or mirrored surfaces. This candamage the reflective surface of the mirrorand the heating elements in the rear window.

Airbags

Do not allow any substance to enter an airbagcover. This could affect correct operation.

Dashboard and Plastic Surfaces

Do not polish the upper surfaces of thedashboard. Polished surfaces are reflectiveand could interfere with your driving view.

Leather Seats

Leather is prone to dye-transfer which cancause discoloration, particularly on lightcolored leather. White and tan leather iscoated with an anti-soiling treatment. Wipespills as soon as possible using a soft clothmoistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-freecloth. Using detergents or commerciallyavailable leather cleaners and conditioners isnot recommended because they can discoloror dry out the leather.

Polyurethane Seats

Wipe spills as soon as possible using a softcloth moistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. After cleaning, allow the seats to airdry.

Cloth Seats

Wipe spills as soon as possible using a softcloth moistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-freecloth. Vacuum the seats as needed to removeany loose dirt.

Carpets

Avoid over-wetting carpets. For heavily soiledareas, use a diluted upholstery cleaner.

Seat Belts

Extend the belts to wipe. Do not use any typeof detergent or chemical cleaning agent.Allow the belts to dry naturally whileextended, preferably away from directsunlight.


Vacuum the seats to remove any loose dirt.Wipe the seats with a soft cloth dampenedwith warm water. You can also use anupholstery cleaner designed for automotiveuse. Extend the belts to wipe. Allow the beltsto dry naturally, preferably away from directsunlight.

Touchscreen and Instrument Panel

Clean the touchscreen and instrument panelusing a soft lint-free cloth specificallydesigned to clean monitors and displays. Donot use cleaners (such as a glass cleaner) anddo not use a wet wipe or a dry statically-charged cloth (such as a recently washedmicrofiber). To wipe the touchscreen withoutactivating buttons and changing settings, youcan enable clean mode. Touch Controls >Display > Screen Clean Mode. The displaydarkens to make it easy to see dust andsmudges.

Chrome and Metal Surfaces

Polish, abrasive cleaners or hard cloths candamage the finish on chrome and metalsurfaces.

Cautions for Interior Cleaning

Caution: Using solvents (includingalcohol), bleach, citrus, naphtha, orsilicone-based products or additives oninterior components can cause damage.

Caution: Statically-charged materials cancause damage to the touchscreen orinstrument panel.

Warning: If you notice any damage on anairbag or seat belt, contact Teslaimmediately.

Warning: Do not allow any water,cleaners, or fabric to enter a seat beltmechanism.

Cleaning


Warning: Exposure to chemical cleanerscan be hazardous and can irritate eyesand skin. Read and observe theinstructions provided by the manufacturerof the chemical cleaner.

Polishing, Touch Up, and BodyRepairTo preserve the cosmetic appearance of thebody, you can occasionally treat the paintsurfaces with an approved polish containing:

• Very mild abrasive to remove surfacecontamination without removing ordamaging the paint.

• Filling compounds that fill scratches andreduce their visibility.

• Wax to provide a protective coatingbetween the paint and environmentalelements.

Regularly inspect the exterior paint fordamage. Treat minor chips and scratchesusing a paint touch-up pen (available forpurchase from Tesla). Use the touch-up penafter washing but before polishing or waxing.

Repair rock chips, fractures or scratches. Bodyrepairs should be performed only by a Teslaapproved body shop. Contact Tesla for a list ofapproved body shops.

Caution: Do not use cutting pastes, colorrestoration compounds, or polishescontaining harsh abrasives. These canscour the surface and permanentlydamage the paint.

Caution: Do not use chrome polish orother abrasive cleaners.

Using a Car CoverTo preserve the cosmetic appearance of thebody when Model S is not being used, use agenuine Tesla car cover. Car covers can bepurchased from Tesla. See Parts andAccessories on page 171.

Caution: Use only a Tesla-approved carcover when Model S is plugged in. Using anon-Tesla car cover can prevent the

Battery from being adequately cooledduring charging.

Floor MatsTo extend the life of your carpet and makethem easier to clean, use genuine Tesla floormats (see Parts and Accessories on page171). Maintain floor mats by regularly cleaningthem and checking that they are properlyattached. Replace floor mats if they becomeexcessively worn.

Warning: To avoid potential interferencewith a foot pedal, ensure that the driver’sfloor mat is securely fastened, and neverplace an additional floor mat on top of it.Floor mats should always rest on top ofthe vehicle carpeting surface and not onanother floor mat or other covering.

Cleaning

Maintenance 165

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets

Checking and Cleaning WiperBladesPeriodically clean the edge of the wiperblades and check the rubber for cracks, splits,and roughness. If damaged, replace the bladeimmediately to prevent damage to the glass.

Contaminants on the windshield, or on thewiper blades, can reduce the effectiveness ofthe wipers. Contaminants include ice, waxspray from car washes, washer fluid with bugand/or water repellent, bird droppings, treesap, and other organic substances.

Follow these guidelines for cleaning:

• Clean the windshield and wiper bladesusing washer fluid, isopropyl (rubbing)alcohol, or non-abrasive glass cleanerapproved for use on automotive glass andrubber. Inappropriate products can causedamage or smears, and create glare onthe windshield.

• Lift the wiper arm a short distance awayfrom the windshield, just far enough toaccess the wiper blade. Do not lift a wiperarm beyond its intended position.

If the wipers remain ineffective after cleaning,replace the wiper blades.

Replacing Wiper BladesFor optimum performance, replace the wiperblades at least once a year.

Note: Only install replacement blades that areidentical to the original blades. Usinginappropriate blades can affect the operationof the rain sensor and damage the wipersystem and windshield.

To replace the wiper blades:

1. Shift into Park and turn off the wipers.2. Touch Controls > Service > Wiper Service

Mode > ON to move the wipers to theservice position.

3. Lift the wiper arm a short distance awayfrom the windshield, just far enough toaccess the wiper blade.

Caution: Wiper blades do not lockinto a lifted position. Do not lift awiper arm beyond its intendedposition.

4. Place a towel under the wiper arm toavoid scratching or cracking thewindshield in case it lowers down for anyreason.

5. Hold the wiper arm and press the lockingtab while sliding the blade down the arm.

6. Align the new blade on the wiper arm andslide it toward the hooked end of the armuntil it locks into place.

7. Carefully place the wiper blades againstthe windshield.

8. Turn Wiper Service Mode off to return thewipers to their normal position.

Cleaning Washer JetsThe position of the windshield washers is setat the factory and should never needadjusting.

If a windshield washer becomes blocked, use athin strand of wire to clear any blockages fromthe nozzle.

Warning: Do not operate the washerswhile cleaning Model S. Windshieldwasher fluid can irritate eyes and skin.Read and observe the washer fluidmanufacturer’s instructions.

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets


Fluid Reservoirs

Removing the Maintenance PanelTo check fluid levels, remove the maintenancepanel:

1. Open the hood.2. Pull the maintenance panel upward to

release the clips that hold it in place.

Caution: The maintenance panel protectsthe front trunk from water. When re-attaching, make sure it is fully seated.

Checking Battery CoolantYour Battery coolant should not need to bereplaced for the life of your vehicle undermost circumstances. However, if the quantityof fluid in the cooling system drops below therecommended level, the instrument paneldisplays a warning message. Stop drivingModel S as soon as safety permits and contactTesla.

Fluid Level Check

On a Rear Wheel Drive Model S, you cancheck the fluid level visually. BUT DO NOTREMOVE THE FILLER CAP AND DO NOT ADDFLUID. Doing so can result in damage notcovered by the warranty. To check the fluidlevel, park Model S on level ground. WhenModel S is cool, remove the maintenancepanel (see Removing the Maintenance Panelon page 167). The fluid level can be seen bylooking at the outside marks on the side of thereservoir.

The fluid level should be between the MIN andthe MAX marks. If you notice that the fluidlevel has dropped significantly, contact Teslabefore using Model S.

Do Not Top Up Battery Coolant

Warning: Battery coolant can behazardous and can irritate eyes and skin.Under no circumstances should youremove the filler cap and/or add coolant.If the instrument panel warns you that thefluid level is low, contact Teslaimmediately.

To maximize the performance and life of theBattery, the cooling system uses a specificmixture of G-48 ethylene-glycol coolant(HOAT). Contact Tesla for more specificinformation about the coolant.

Fluid Reservoirs

Maintenance 167

Checking Brake FluidWarning: Contact Tesla immediately if younotice increased movement of the brakepedal or a significant loss of brake fluid.Driving under these conditions can resultin extended stopping distances orcomplete brake failure.

A red brake indicator on theinstrument panel alerts you if thequantity of fluid in the brakereservoir drops below therecommended level. If it displayswhile driving, stop as soon as safetypermits by gently applying thebrakes. Do not continue driving.Contact Tesla immediately.

Fluid Level Check

Tesla checks the brake fluid level and health atthe regularly scheduled maintenance intervals.To check the fluid level yourself, park Model Son level ground. When Model S is cool, removethe maintenance panel (see Removing theMaintenance Panel on page 167).

Check the fluid level visually by looking at theoutside marks on the side of the reservoirwithout removing the filler cap.

The brake fluid level should always bebetween the MIN and the MAX marks.

Note: Although brake fluid level drops slightlyduring normal use as a result of brake padwear, it should not drop below the MIN mark.

Topping Up the Brake Fluid

Do not top up your brake fluid. The followinginstructions are provided for informationpurposes and future reference only:

1. Clean the filler cap before removing it toprevent dirt from entering the reservoir.

2. Unscrew the cap and remove it.3. Top up the reservoir to the MAX mark

using the appropriate brake fluid.4. Replace the filler cap, ensuring it is fully

secured.

Warning: Only use new fluid from a sealedair-tight container. Never use previouslyused fluid or fluid from a previouslyopened container—fluid absorbs moisturewhich decreases braking performance.

Warning: Brake fluid is highly toxic. Keepcontainers sealed and out of the reach ofchildren. In the event of accidentalconsumption, seek medical attentionimmediately.

Caution: Brake fluid damages paintedsurfaces. Immediately soak up any spillswith an absorbent cloth and wash thearea with a mixture of car shampoo andwater.

Fluid Reservoirs


Topping Up Windshield WasherFluidThe only reservoir into which you can add fluidis the windshield washer fluid reservoir, whichis located behind the front trunk. When thelevel is low, a message displays on theinstrument panel.

To top up the washer fluid:

1. Open the hood.2. Clean around the filler cap before opening

it to prevent dirt from entering thereservoir.

3. Open the filler cap.

4. While avoiding spilling, fill the reservoiruntil the fluid level is visible just below thefiller neck.

5. Wipe up any spills immediately and washthe affected area with water.

6. Replace the filler cap.

Note: Some national or local regulationsrestrict the use of Volatile OrganicCompounds (VOCs). VOCs are commonlyused as antifreeze in washer fluid. Use awasher fluid with limited VOC content only if itprovides adequate freeze resistance for allclimates in which you drive Model S.

Caution: Do not add formulated washerfluids that contain water repellent or bugwash. These fluids can cause streaking,smearing, and squeaking or other noises.

Warning: In temperatures below 4° C, usea washer fluid with antifreeze. In coldweather, using a washer fluid withoutantifreeze can impair visibility through thewindshield.

Warning: Windshield washer fluid canirritate eyes and skin. Read and observethe instructions provided by the washerfluid manufacturer.

Fluid Reservoirs

Maintenance 169

Jacking and Lifting

Jacking ProcedureFollow the steps below to lift Model S. Ensurethat any non-Tesla repair facility is aware ofthese lifting points.

1. Position Model S centrally between the liftposts.

2. If your Model S is equipped with airsuspension, it automatically self-levels,even when power is off. Use thetouchscreen to set the suspension asfollows:

• Touch Controls > Suspension.• Press the brake pedal, then touch Very

High to maximize the height of thesuspension.

• Touch Jack to disable self-leveling.3. Position the lift arm pads under the

designated body lift points at thelocations shown.

Warning: DO NOT position the liftarm pads under the Battery.

4. Adjust the height and position of the liftarm pads to ensure that they are correctlylocated.

5. With assistance, raise the lift to thedesired height, ensuring the lift arm padsremain in their correct positions.

6. Engage any lift safety locks. Follow the liftmanufacturer's instructions.

Note: Jack mode cancels when Model S isdriven over 7 km/h.

Note: Jack mode may be unexpectedlyenabled in situations where an object issupporting the vehicle's weight (for examplethe bumper of the vehicle is resting on a curb).

Warning: If your Model S is equipped withair suspension, it automatically self-levels,even when power is off. You MUST disablethis system by engaging Jack modebefore lifting or jacking. If you do notdisable air suspenion, Model S canattempt to self-level, causing seriousdamage, bodily injury, or death.

Warning: Never raise Model S when thecharge cable is connected, even ifcharging is not in progress.

Warning: Do not work on an incorrectlysupported vehicle. Doing so can causeserious damage, bodily injury, or death.

Caution: DO NOT lift from under theBattery. Place the lift arm pads under thedesignated body lift points only. Thelocations shown are the only approvedlifting points for Model S. Lifting at anyother points can cause damage. Damagecaused by incorrectly lifting Model S isnot covered by the warranty.

Jacking and Lifting


Parts and Accessories

Parts, Accessories, andModificationsUse only genuine Tesla parts and accessories.Tesla performs rigorous testing on parts toensure their suitability, safety, and reliability.Purchase these parts from Tesla, where theyare professionally installed and where you canreceive expert advice about modifications toModel S. Accessories are available forpurchase from Tesla stores or online at www.tesla.com/shop.

Tesla is unable to assess parts manufacturedby other distributors and therefore accepts noresponsibility if you use non-Tesla parts onModel S.

Warning: Installing non-approved partsand accessories, or performing non-approved modifications, can affect theperformance of Model S and the safety ofits occupants. Any damage caused byusing or installing non-approved parts, orby performing non-approvedmodifications, is not covered by thewarranty.

Warning: Tesla does not accept liabilityfor death, personal injury or damage thatoccurs if you use or install non-approvedaccessories or make non-approvedmodifications.

Body RepairsIf Model S is in a collision, contact Tesla toensure that it is repaired with genuine Teslaparts. Tesla has selected and approved bodyshops that meet strict requirements fortraining, equipment, quality, and customersatisfaction.

Some repair shops and insurance companiesmight suggest using non-original equipmentor salvaged parts to save money. However,these parts do not meet Tesla's high standardsfor quality, fit and corrosion resistance. Inaddition, non-original equipment and salvagedparts (and any damage or failures they mightcause) are not covered by the warranty.

Using RFID TranspondersModel S has a metallic coating on thewindshield that can interfere with signals sentfrom RFID transponders used by many tollsystems. Most Model S vehicles, depending ondate of manufacture, include an area in thewindshield in which the metallic coating is cutout to accommodate transponders. This area,located on the right side of the rear viewmirror, is the best location to mount atransponder. If your vehicle does not includethis cut out area, mount the transponder tothe rear window.

Note: You can also attach a weather-prooftransponder to the front license plate.

Parts and Accessories

Maintenance 171

Specifications

Identification Labels

Vehicle Identification NumberYou can find the VIN at the followinglocations:

• Touch the Tesla "T" at the top center ofthe touchscreen. The popup windowdisplays the VIN.

• Stamped on a plate located at the top ofthe dashboard. Can be seen by lookingthrough the windshield.

• Printed on the Statutory Plate, located onthe door pillar. Can be seen when the frontdoor is open.

• On vehicles manufactured as of August2015, the VIN is stamped on the chassisand can be seen by removing the sill panelon the front passenger door by gentlyprying it upward using a flat-bladed tool.

Caution: Removing the sill panel toview the VIN is not recommendedbecause damage is likely to occur.The panel is held in place with fragileclips that break easily. Damagecaused by removing the sill panel isnot covered by the warranty.

Identification Labels


Vehicle Loading

Load Capacity LabelingIt is important to understand how muchweight your Model S can safely carry. Thisweight is called the vehicle capacity weightand includes the weight of all occupants,cargo and any additional equipment added toyour Model S since it was manufactured.

Two labels attached to the center door pillarindicate how much weight Model S can safelycarry. Labels are visible when the front door isopen.

1. Tire and Loading Information Label2. Statutory Plate

Warning: Overloading Model S has anadverse effect on braking and handling,which can compromise your safety orcause damage.

Caution: Never load more than 300 lbs(136 kg) in the front trunk. Doing so cancause damage.

Caution: Never load more than 175 lbs (80kg) on the rear load floor (above thelower trunk compartment) or more than285 lbs (130 kg) in the lower trunkcompartment. Doing so can causedamage.

Caution: Never store large amounts ofliquid in Model S. A significant spill cancause electrical components tomalfunction.

Tire and Loading Information LabelThe Tire and Loading Information labelprovides:

• The maximum number of occupantseating positions.

• The maximum vehicle capacity weight.• The size of the original tires.• The cold inflation pressures for the

original front and rear tires. Thesepressures are recommended to optimizeride and handling characteristics.

Never change this label, even if you usedifferent tires in the future.

Note: If Model S is loaded to its full capacity,double check all tires to ensure they areinflated to their recommended pressure levels.

Statutory PlateIn addition to the VIN, the Statutory Plateprovides:

• GVWR - Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. Themaximum allowable total mass of Model S.This is calculated as the weight ofModel S, all passengers, fluids, and cargo.

• GAWR - Gross Axle Weight Rating for thefront and rear axles. The GAWR is themaximum distributed weight that eachaxle can support.

Caution: To prevent damage, never loadModel S so that it is heavier than GVWRor exceeds the individual GAWR weights.

Vehicle Loading

Specifications 173

Calculating Load Limits1. Locate the statement “The combined

weight of occupants and cargo shouldnever exceed XXX kg” on the “Tire andLoading Information” label.

2. Determine the combined weight of alloccupants that will ride in the vehicle.

3. Subtract the combined weight of theoccupants from XXX kg (see Step 1).

4. The resulting figure equals the availablecargo load capacity. For example, if the“XXX” amount equals 635 kg and therewill be five 68 kg passengers in thevehicle, the amount of available cargocapacity is 295 kg (635 ‑ 340(5 x 68) = 295 kg).

5. Determine the combined cargo weightbeing loaded on the vehicle. That weightmust not exceed the available cargo loadcapacity calculated in Step 4.

Warning: Trunks are the preferred placesto carry objects. In a collision, or duringhard braking and sharp turns, loose itemsin the cabin could injure occupants.

Example Load Limit Calculations

How much cargo Model S can carry dependson the number and weight of passengers. Thefollowing calculated load limit examplesassume passengers weigh 68 kg. If passengersweigh more or less, available cargo weightdecreases or increases respectively.

Driver and one passenger

Description Total

Vehicle capacity weight 433 kg

Subtract occupant weight(2 x 68 kg)

136 kg

Available cargo weight 297 kg

Driver and four passengers

Description Total

Vehicle capacity weight 433 kg

Subtract occupant weight (5 x68 kg)

340 kg

Available cargo weight 93 kg

The cargo weight should be distributedbetween the front and rear trunks.

Caution: Do not exceed the maximumfront trunk load weight of 136 kg.

Caution: Never load more than 80 kg onthe rear load floor (above the lower trunkcompartment) or more than 130 kg in thelower trunk compartment. Doing so cancause damage.

Towing a TrailerWarning: Do not use Model S for towingpurposes. Model S does not support atrailer hitch. Installing one could causedamage and increase the risk of acollision.

Caution: Using Model S for towing mayvoid the warranty.

Roof RacksIf Model S is equipped with a sunroof, you cancarry up to 165 lbs (75 kg) using a Tesla-approved roof rack (see Parts and Accessorieson page 171). A Model S equipped with a bodycolor roof or a glass roof is incompatible withroof racks.

Caution: Do not use roof racks, or placeany load, on the roof of a Model S that isequipped with a solid or all glass roof.Doing so can cause significant damage.

Vehicle Loading


Dimensions and Weights

Exterior Dimensions

A Overall Length 196 in 4,970 mm

B Overall Width (including mirrors)Overall Width (excluding mirrors)

86.2 in77.3 in

2,189 mm1,964 mm

C Overall Height 56.9 in* 1,445 mm*

D Wheel Base 116.5 in 2,960 mm

E Overhang - Front 36.9 in 929 mm

F Overhang - Rear 42.55 in 1,081 mm

GGround Clearance - CoilSuspension (Rear Wheel Drivevehicle)

5.5 in* 139.7 mm*

GGround Clearance - CoilSuspension (All-Wheel Drivevehicle)

5.3 in* 134.6 mm*

G Ground Clearance - Air Suspension 4.6 - 6.3 in 116.8 - 160 mm

H Track - FrontTrack - Rear

65.4 in66.9 in

1,662 mm1,700 mm

*Values are approximate. Dimensions can vary depending on a vehicle's options and variousother factors.

Interior Dimensions

Head Room FrontRear

38.8 in35.3 in

986 mm897 mm

Leg Room FrontRear

42.7 in35.4 in

1,085 mm899 mm

Shoulder Room FrontRear

57.7 in55 in

1,466 mm1,397 mm

Hip Room FrontRear

55 in54.7 in

1,397 mm1,389 mm


Specifications 175

Cargo Volume

Total cargo volume (rear seats notfolded) 28.4 cu ft 804.2 L

Rear cargo volume 26.3 cu ft 744.7 L

Rear cargo volume (with seatsfolded down) 58.1 cu ft 1,645.2 L

Front cargo volume 2.1 cu ft 59.5 L

Weights

Curb Weight* - Model S Standard 4,812 lbs 2,183 kg

Curb Weight* - Model S Long Range 5,048 lbs 2,290 kg

Curb Weight* Model S Performance 5,105 lbs 2,316 kg

GVWR** - Model S 5,939 lbs 2,694 kg

GVWR** - Model S Performance 5,997 lbs 2,720 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating - Front 2,866 lbs 1,300 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating - Rear: 19"wheels 3,307 lbs 1,500 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating - Rear: 21"wheels 3,196 lbs 1,450 kg

Towing Capacity Towing is not permissible

*Curb Weight = weight of the vehicle with correct fluid levels, no occupants and no cargo

**GVWR = Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

Note: Values are approximate. Weights can vary depending on a vehicle's options.



Subsystems

Motor(s)

Type Rear: AC induction motor, liquid-cooled,with variable frequency driveFront: AC permanent magnet synchronousmotor, liquid-cooled, with variablefrequency drive

Nominal Voltage 320 Volts

Maximum speed of large motors:- rear motor on all Rear Wheel Drive vehicles- rear motor on Performance All-Wheel Drivevehicles

16,000 rpm

Maximum speed of small motors:- front motor on all All-Wheel Drive vehicles- rear motor on non-Performance All-Wheel Drivevehicles

18,000 rpm

Maximum net power* and motor speed of largemotors

Base: 285 kW @ 6,850 rpmPerformance: 375 kW @ 5,900 rpm

Maximum net power* and motor speed of smallmotors

193 kW @ 6100 rpm

Maximum torque of large motors Base: 440 NmPerformance: 650 Nm

Maximum torque of small motors 330 Nm

*Tested in accordance with ECE R85

Subsystems

Specifications 177

Transmission

Type Single speed fixed gear

Overall Final Drive Ratio Small motor: 9.325:1Large motor: 9.734:1

Reverse Gear Reverse direction of motor, limited to24 km/h

Steering

Type Rack and pinion with electronic powersteering, speed sensitive

Number of turns lock to lock 2.05

Turning Circle (curb to curb) 11.3 meters

Brakes

Type

4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS)with Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Integrated Advanced Stability Control andElectronic Accelerator pedal actuatedregenerative braking system

Calipers Four piston fixed

Rotor Diameters (ventilated) Front: 13.98”/355 mmRear: 14.37”/365 mm

Front Rotor thickness New: 1.26”/32 mmService limit: 1.18”/30 mm

Rear Rotor thickness New: 1.10”/28 mmService limit: 1.02”/26 mm

Front Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate) 0.393”/10 mm

Rear Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate) 0.354”/9 mm

Parking brake Electrically actuated parking brakecalipers

Subsystems


Suspension

Front Independent, double wishbone, air springor coil spring/telescopic damper, sway bar

Rear Independent, multi-link, air spring or coilspring/telescopic damper, sway bar (airsuspension vehicles only)

Battery - 12V

Rating 33 amp hour or higher

Voltage and Polarity 12V negative (-) ground

Battery - High Voltage

Type Liquid-cooled lithium ion (Li-ion)

Rating 60, 70, 75, 85, 90, or 100 kWh (atbeginning of life)

Nominal Voltage - 85, 90, and 100 kWhNominal Voltage - 60, 70, and 75 kWh

350 V DC300 V DC

Temperature Range Do not expose Model S to ambienttemperatures above 60° C or below-30° C for more than 24 hours at a time.

Subsystems

Specifications 179

Wheels and Tires

Wheel Specifications (Factory)

Wheel Type Location Size Offset

19"

Front 8.0J x 19 1.575"40 mm

Rear 8.0J x 19 1.575"40 mm

21" - Silver (standard) Front 8.5J x 21 1.575"40 mm

21" - Grey (standard) Rear 8.5J x 21 1.575"40 mm

21" - Silver and Grey (optional) PerformancePlus vehicles Rear 9.0J x 21 1.575"

40 mm

Lug Nut Torque 129 lb. ft (175 Nm)

Lug Nut Socket Size 21 mm

Note: For instructions on how to jack/lift Model S, see Jacking and Lifting on page 170.

Wheels and Tires


Tire Specifications (Factory)

Tire Type Location Size

19" wheels All P245/45R19

21" wheels FrontRear

P245/35R21P265/35R21*

*On a Performance All-Wheel Drive vehicle, the width of the rear tires may vary depending ondate of manufacture. Some vehicles may be equipped with P245/35R21 tires on both front andrear.

Tire pressures vary depending on the type of tires fitted. Refer to the tire pressures printed onthe Tire and Loading Information label. This label is located on the center door pillar and isvisible when the driver’s door is open (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 157).

Winter tires can be purchased from a Tesla store.

Wheels and Tires

Specifications 181

Understanding Tire MarkingsLaws require tire manufacturers to place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires. Thisinformation identifies and describes the fundamental characteristics of the tire.

1 Tire category. P indicates that the tire is for passenger vehicles.

2 Tire width. This 3-digit number is the width (in millimeters) of the tire from sidewalledge to sidewall edge.

3 Aspect ratio. This 2-digit number is the sidewall height as a percentage of the treadwidth. So, if the tread width is 205 mm, and the aspect ratio is 50, the sidewall height is102 mm.

4 Tire construction. R indicates that the tire is of Radial ply construction.

5 Wheel diameter. This 2-digit number is the diameter of the wheel rim in inches.

6 Load index. This 2 or 3-digit number is the weight each tire can support. This number isnot always shown.

7 Speed rating. When stated, indicates the maximum speed (in mph) at which the tirecan be used for extended periods. Q=99 mph (160 km/h), R=106 mph (170 km/h),S=112 mph (180 km/h), T=118 mph (190 km/h), U=124 mph (200 km/h), H=130 mph(210 km/h), V=149 mph (240 km/h), W=168 mph (270 km/h), Y=186 mph (300 km/h).

8 Tire composition and materials. The number of plies in both the tread area and thesidewall area indicates how many layers of rubber coated material make up thestructure of the tire. Information is also provided on the type of materials used.

9 Maximum tire load. The maximum load which can be carried by the tire.

Wheels and Tires


10 Maximum permissible inflation pressure. This pressure should not be used for normaldriving.

11 U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN). Begins with the letters DOT and indicatesthat the tire meets all federal standards. The next 2 digits/letters represent the plantcode where it was manufactured, and the last 4 digits represent the week and year ofmanufacture. For example, the number 1712 is used to represent the 17th week of 2012.The other numbers are marketing codes used at the manufacturer’s discretion. Thisinformation can be used to contact consumers if a tire defect requires a recall.

12 Treadwear grade. This number indicates the tire’s wear rate. The higher the treadwearnumber is, the longer it should take for the tread to wear down. A tire rated at 400, forexample, lasts twice as long as a tire rated at 200.

13 Traction grade. Indicates a tire’s ability to stop on wet roads. A higher graded tireshould allow you to stop your vehicle in a shorter distance than a tire with a lowergrade. Traction is graded from highest to lowest as AA, A, B, and C.

14 Temperature grade. The tire’s resistance to heat is grade A, B, or C, with A indicatingthe greatest resistance. This grading is provided for a correctly inflated tire, which isbeing used within its speed and loading limits.

Wheels and Tires

Specifications 183

Roadside Assistance

Contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance

Tesla Roadside Assistance is available to you, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, for the duration ofyour warranty period.

When contacting Tesla Roadside Assistance, please provide:

• The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). The VIN is displayed when you touch the Tesla "T" atthe top of the touchscreen. The VIN can also been seen on the upper dashboard by lookingthrough the driver's side of the windshield.

• Your exact location.• The nature of the problem.

Tesla Roadside Assistance is available to speak with roadside service professionals 24/7/365 toanswer any questions and explain the proper procedure for transporting your Model S.

Regional Phone Number(s)Jordan: 0800-22216

United Arab Emirates: 800035704364

United Kingdom: 0800 756 9960

Note: The phone number is also available by touching the Tesla "T" at the top center of thetouchscreen.



tel:0800-22216

tel:800035704364

tel:08007569960

Country-specific Phone NumbersNote: The phone number is also available by touching the Tesla "T" at the top center of thetouchscreen.

Country Phone Number

Andorra Toll: +31 13 799 9501

Austria Local: 07208 80470

Belgium Local: 03 808 17 82

Bulgaria Local: 024 925 455

Croatia Local: 017 776 417

Cyprus Local: 022 030915

Czech Republic Local: 0228 882 612

Denmark Local: 898 869 84

Estonia Local: 0880 3141

Finland Local: 075 3263818

France Local: 09 70 73 08 50

Germany Local: 08921 093303

Gibraltar Toll: +31 13 799 9513

Greece Local: 02111 984867

Hungary Local: 01 700 8549

Iceland Toll: +31 13 799 9516

Ireland Local: 01 513 4727

Italy Local: 069 480 1252

Jordan Local: 06 5803144

Latvia Local: 066 088 114

Liechtenstein Toll: +31 13 799 9520

Lithuania Local: 067 859 774

Luxembourg Local: 27 86 14 16

Malta Local: 02778 1126

Monaco Toll: +31 13 799 9524

Netherlands Local: 013 799 9525

Norway Local: 23 96 02 85

Poland Toll: 022 307 26 45

Portugal Local: 30 880 5628

Romania Local: 0316 301 257


Roadside Assistance 185

tel:+31-13-799-9501

tel:07208-80470

tel:03-808-17-82

tel:024-925-455

tel:017-776-417

tel:022-030915

tel:0228-882-612

tel:898-869-84

tel:0880-3141

tel:075-3263818

tel:09-70-73-08-50

tel:08921-093303

tel:+31-13-799-9513

tel:02111-984867

tel:01-700-8549

tel:+31-13-799-9516

tel:01-513-4727

tel:069-480-1252

tel:06-5803144

tel:066-088-114

tel:+31-13-799-9520

tel:067-859-774

tel:27-86-14-16

tel:02778-1126

tel:+31-13-799-9524

tel:013-799-9525

tel:23-96-02-85

tel:022-307-26-45

tel:30-880-5628

tel:0316-301-257

Country Phone Number

San Marino Toll: +31 13 799 9531

Slovakia Local: 023 300 26 43

Slovenia Local: 08 288 00 33

Spain Local: 911 98 26 24

Sweden Local: 0775 88 80 36

Switzerland Local: 061 855 30 21

UK Local: 0162 845 0660

United Arab Emirates Local: 045217699



tel:+31-13-799-9531

tel:023-300-26-43

tel:08-288-00-33

tel:0911-98-26-24

tel:0775-88-80-36

tel:061-855-30-21

tel:0162-845-0660

tel:045217699

Instructions for Transporters

DO NOT TRANSPORT WITHWHEELS ON THE GROUNDThe front motor in Model S generates powerwhen the wheels spin. Always transportModel S with all four tires off the ground.Ensure that the tires are unable to spin at anytime during transport.

Warning: NEVER TRANSPORT YOURVEHICLE WITH THE TIRES IN APOSITION WHERE THEY CAN SPIN.DOING SO CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANTDAMAGE AND OVERHEATING. IN RARECASES EXTREME OVERHEATING MAYCAUSE THE SURROUNDINGCOMPONENTS TO IGNITE.

Do not transport Model S using any methodthat is not specified by Tesla. Adhere to theinstructions provided in the following sectionsand observe all warnings and cautionsprovided. Damage caused by impropertransporting of your vehicle is not covered bythe warranty.

Approved Methods for TransportingNote: The tires are allowed to rotate slowly(under 5 km/h) and for a very short distance(less than 10 meters) only when TransportMode is enabled (see Activate Transport Modeon page 188) while the vehicle is beingwinched onto a flatbed truck or pulled out ofa parking space for repositioning. Exceedingthese boundaries can lead to significantdamage and overheating that is not coveredby the warranty.

A flatbed truck or comparable transportvehicle is the recommended method oftransporting Model S. The vehicle can faceeither direction when using a flatbed.

If Model S must be transported without aflatbed truck, then wheel lifts and dollies mustbe used to ensure that all four wheels are offof the ground. This method may only be usedfor a maximum of 55 km, and must not exceedthe manufacturer speed rating of the dollies.With this method, Tesla recommends thevehicle facing forward so that the front wheelsare lifted and the rear wheels are on dollies.

Note: Transporting Model S with the frontwheels on dollies is not recommended, butmay be done if an external steering wheel lockis applied and care is taken to prevent thefront wheels from spinning. DO NOTTRANSPORT YOUR VEHICLE IF THERE ISANY CHANCE OF THE FRONT WHEELSSPINNING.

Caution: Enable Transport Mode (see Activate Transport Mode on page 188)before winching Model S onto a flatbedtruck (see Pull onto the Flatbed Truck -With Tow Eye on page 188 ). If TransportMode is not available or the touchscreenis not accessible, self-loading dollies ortire skates must be used to load thevehicle into the approved transportationposition. Tesla is not responsible for anydamage caused by transporting Model S,including personal property damagecaused by using self-loading dollies or tireskates.

Warning: Model S is equipped with highvoltage components (see High VoltageComponents on page 145). Beforetransporting Model S as a result of anevent that may have compromised a high-voltage component (such as a collision),it is important to assume thesecomponents are energized. Always followhigh voltage safety precautions (wearingpersonal protection equipment, etc.) untilemergency response professionals haveevaluated the vehicle and can accuratelyconfirm that all high voltage systems areno longer energized. Failure to do so mayresult in serious injury.



Disable the Self-Leveling AirSuspension SystemIf Model S is equipped with the air suspensionsystem, it automatically self-levels, even whenpower is off. To prevent damage, you mustactivate Jack Mode to disable self-leveling:

1. Touch Controls > Suspension on thetouchscreen.

2. Press the brake pedal, then touch VeryHigh to maximize height.

3. Touch Jack.

When Jack Mode is active, Model Sdisplays this red indicator light onthe instrument panel, along with amessage telling you that activesuspension is disabled.

Note: Jack Mode cancels when driving speedexceeds 7 kph.

Warning: Failure to activate Jack Mode ona vehicle equipped with the airsuspension system can result in thevehicle becoming loose during transport,which may cause significant damage.

Activate Transport ModeTransport Mode keeps the parking brakedisengaged while winching Model S onto aflatbed truck. When active, Transport Modedisplays a message indicating that the vehiclewill remain free-rolling. The following arerequired to enable Transport Mode:

• 12V power is required. You are unable touse the touchscreen to activate TransportMode if Model S has no power.

• Model S must detect a key. TransportMode is available only when a key isdetected.

To activate Transport Mode:

1. Ensure the vehicle is in Park.2. Chock the tires or otherwise ensure

Model S is secure.3. Press and hold the brake pedal, then on

the touchscreen, touch Controls >Service > Towing. The touchscreendisplays a message reminding you how toproperly transport Model S.

4. Press and hold the Transport Mode buttonuntil it turns blue. Model S is now free-rolling and can slowly be rolled (no fasterthan walking speed) or winched.

To cancel Transport Mode, shift Model S intoPark.

Caution: If the electrical system is notworking, and you therefore cannot usethe touchscreen to activate TransportMode, use self-loading dollies or tireskates. Before doing so, always check themanufacturer's specifications andrecommended loading capacity.

Pull onto the Flatbed Truck - WithTow Eye1. Locate the tow eye.2. Remove the tow eye cover by inserting a

small flat screwdriver into the slot locatedalong the top of the cover, then pryinggently to release the cover from the topsnap.

Note: Keep the tow eye cover in a safeplace so you can replace it when towing iscomplete.



3. Fully insert the tow eye into the opening,then turn it counter-clockwise untilsecurely fastened.

4. Attach the winch cable to the tow eye.

Caution: Before pulling, make sure thetow eye is securely fastened.

5. Activate Transport Mode by touchingControls > Service > Towing.

6. Pull Model S slowly onto the flatbed truck.

Pull onto the Flatbed Truck -Without Tow EyeIt is strongly recommended that you connectthe winch to your vehicle's tow eye, asdescribed previously. However, if a situationarises in which the tow eye is not available(lost, misplaced, etc.), the followinginstructions describe how to attach towstraps.

1. Attach the tow straps to each of the lowersuspension arms underneath the front ofthe vehicle.

2. To protect the underbody from damage,place a protective barrier (such as a pieceof wood) between the tow strap andunderbody.

3. Activate Transport Mode by touchingControls > Service > Towing.

4. Pull Model S slowly onto the flatbed truck.

Secure the TiresThe vehicle's tires must be secured onto thetruck using the eight-point tie-down method.

• Ensure any metal parts on the tie-downstraps do not contact painted surfaces orthe face of the wheels.

• Do not place tie-down straps over bodypanels or through the wheels.

Caution: Attaching the tie-down straps tothe chassis, suspension or other parts ofthe vehicle's body may cause damage.



Consumer Information

Easter Eggs

But wait, there's more! Below is a list of the Easter Eggs that have been discovered so far and howto access them. Alternatively, touch the Tesla "T" (top center of the touchscreen) then drag theAbout Your Tesla box downwards for one-touch access to all discovered Easter Eggs.

For This... Do This...

Atari Games Feeling nostalgic? While in Park, access Atari games fromyour Easter Egg tray then select a game from the menu atthe top, enter some quarters, and touch Start to play. TouchFull to enter full-screen and triple-tap your touchscreen toexit full-screen. Note that, depending on the game, you mayneed to use your steering wheel buttons to play.

Santa Mode "What have you been longing for?" Enjoy the holidays year-round with this one! Simply initiate a voice command andsay "Ho Ho Ho". Or, if you are feeling extra sour, you can say"Ho Ho Ho Not Funny" instead.

Rainbow Road Need more cowbell? Visit Rainbow Road by pulling thecruise stalk toward you four times in quick succession whileAutosteer is enabled.

Sketchpad Triple-tap the Tesla "T" (top center of the touchscreen) andchannel your inner Picasso. Show us what you got! TouchPublish to submit your artistic compositions to Tesla forcritiquing.

Mars Press and hold the Tesla "T" (top center of the touchscreen)then enter mars in the access code popup. The map showsyour Model S as a rover on the Martian landscape, and theAbout Your Tesla box displays SpaceX's interplanetaryspaceship.

007 (air suspension vehiclesonly)

Press and hold the Tesla "T" (top center of the touchscreen)and enter 007 in the access code popup. You are no longera "Driver", you're a "Diver"! Touch Controls > Suspension tochange your depth.

Ludicrous Speed (P100D vehiclesonly)

Press and hold the Ludicrous setting (Controls > Driving >Acceleration > Ludicrous) for approximately five seconds.Touch Yes, bring it on! if you want to go fast. To displaypower and acceleration readings on the instrument panel,press either scroll button briefly until the available optionsare displayed. Then, roll the scroll button to highlightReadout then press the scroll button again.

The Answer to the UltimateQuestion of Life, The Universe,and Everything

Rename your car to 42 (see Naming Your Vehicle on page117) and notice the new name of your Model S.

Rainbow Charge Port When Model S is locked and charging, press the button onthe mobile connector ten times in quick succession. Neat,huh?

Romance Mode You can’t roast chestnuts by an open fire in your car, but youcan still cozy up with your loved ones by this virtualfireplace. While in Park, access Romance Mode from yourEaster Egg tray. Queue the music and get your romance on!

Easter Eggs


Emissions Testing Mode Holiday fun can come in surprising ways. Access EmissionsTesting Mode from your Easter Egg tray, then select yourpreferred fart style and a target seat. Activate by pressingthe left scroll wheel button when you’re ready to “release”your prank.

Easter Eggs

Consumer Information 191

About this Owner Information

Document ApplicabilityOwner information is updated regularly toreflect updates to your vehicle. However, insome cases, recently released features maynot be described. To display information aboutrecently released features, view the ReleaseNotes on the touchscreen. Release Notes aredisplayed on the touchscreen after a softwareupdate, and can be displayed at any time bytouching the Tesla "T" at the top of thetouchscreen, then touching the Release Noteslink. If information related to how to use thetouchscreen conflicts with information in theRelease Notes, the Release Notes takeprecedence.

IllustrationsIllustrations are provided for demonstrationpurposes only. Depending on vehicle options,software version, region of purchase, andspecific settings, your vehicle may appearslightly different. Although the ownerinformation is applicable to both right-handdrive and left-hand drive vehicles, manyillustrations show only left-hand drive vehicles.However, the essential information that theillustrations are providing is correct.

Errors or InaccuraciesAll specifications and descriptions are knownto be accurate at time of publishing. However,because continuous improvement is a goal atTesla, we reserve the right to make productmodifications at any time. To communicateany inaccuracies or omissions, or to providegeneral feedback or suggestions regarding thequality of this owner information, send anemail to [email protected].

Location of ComponentsOwner information may specify the location ofa component as being on the left or right sideof the vehicle. As shown, left (1) and right (2)represent the side of the vehicle when sittinginside.

Copyrights and TrademarksAll information in this document and allvehicle software is subject to copyright andother intellectual property rights of Tesla, Inc.and its licensors. This material may not bemodified, reproduced or copied, in whole or inpart, without the prior written permission ofTesla, Inc. and its licensors. Additionalinformation is available upon request. Teslauses software created by the Open Sourcecommunity. Please visit Tesla’s Open Sourcesoftware website at http://www.tesla.com/opensource. HD Radio is a registeredtrademark of iBiquity Digital Corporation. Thefollowing are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of Tesla, Inc. in the United Statesand other countries:

All other trademarks contained in thisdocument are the property of their respectiveowners and their use herein does not implysponsorship or endorsement of their productsor services. The unauthorized use of anytrademark displayed in this document or onthe vehicle is strictly prohibited.

About this Owner Information


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.tesla.com/opensource

http://www.tesla.com/opensource

Disclaimers

Vehicle TelematicsModel S is equipped with electronic modulesthat monitor and record data from variousvehicle systems, including the motor, Autopilotcomponents, Battery, braking and electricalsystems. The electronic modules recordinformation about various driving and vehicleconditions, including braking, acceleration, tripand other related information regarding yourvehicle. These modules also recordinformation about the vehicle’s features suchas charging events and status, the enabling/disabling of various systems, diagnostictrouble codes, VIN, speed, direction andlocation.

The data is stored by the vehicle and may beaccessed, used and stored by Tesla servicetechnicians during vehicle servicing orperiodically transmitted to Tesla wirelesslythrough the vehicle’s telematics system. Thisdata may be used by Tesla for variouspurposes, including, but not limited to:providing you with Tesla telematics services;troubleshooting; evaluation of your vehicle’squality, functionality and performance;analysis and research by Tesla and its partnersfor the improvement and design of ourvehicles and systems; and as otherwise maybe required by law. In servicing your vehicle,Tesla can potentially resolve issues remotelysimply by reviewing your vehicle’s data log.

Tesla’s telematics system wirelessly transmitsvehicle information to Tesla on a periodicbasis. The data is used as previously describedand helps ensure the proper maintenance ofyour vehicle. Additional Model S features mayuse your vehicle’s telematics system and theinformation provided, including features suchas charging reminders, software updates, andremote access to, and control of, varioussystems of your vehicle.

Tesla does not disclose the data recorded inyour vehicle to any third party except when:

• An agreement or consent from thevehicle’s owner (or the leasing companyfor a leased vehicle) is obtained.

• Officially requested by the police or otherauthorities.

• Used as a defense for Tesla in a lawsuit.• Ordered by a court of law.• Used for research purposes without

disclosing details of the vehicle owner oridentification information.

• Disclosed to a Tesla affiliated company,including their successors or assigns, orour information systems and datamanagement providers.

In addition, and subject to local law, Tesla doesnot disclose the data recorded to an ownerunless it pertains to a non-warranty repairservice and in this case, will disclose only thedata that is related to the repair. For additionalinformation regarding how Tesla processesdata collected from your vehicle, pleasereview Tesla’s privacy policy at www.tesla.com/about/legal.

Data SharingFor quality assurance and to support thecontinuous improvement of advanced featuressuch as Autopilot, Tesla measures roadsegment data of all participating vehicles. AllTesla vehicles can learn from the experience ofthe billions of miles that Tesla vehicles havedriven. Although Tesla shares this data withpartners that contribute similar data, the datadoes not include any personally identifiableinformation about you or your vehicle. Toallow data sharing, touch Controls > Safety &Security > Data Sharing, touch the Yes buttonsto confirm that you agree to allow Tesla tocollect the associated type of data, thensubmit your response.

Note: Although Model S uses GPS inconnection with driving and operation, asdiscussed in this owner's manual, Tesla doesnot record or store vehicle-specific GPSinformation. Consequently, Tesla is unable toprovide historical information about a vehicle'slocation (for example, Tesla is unable to tellyou where Model S was parked/traveling at aparticular date/time).

Quality ControlYou might notice a few km on the odometerwhen you take delivery of your Model S. This isa result of a comprehensive testing processthat ensures the quality of your Model S.

The testing process includes extensiveinspections during and after production. Thefinal inspection takes place at Tesla andincludes a road test conducted by atechnician.

Disclaimers


https://www.tesla.com/about/legal

Reporting Safety Defects

Contacting TeslaFor detailed information about your Model S,go to www.tesla.com, and log on to your TeslaAccount, or sign up to get an account.

If you have any questions or concerns aboutyour Model S, call Tesla. To find the number foryour region, go to www.tesla.com, select yourregion at the bottom of the page, then viewcontact information.

Note: You can also use voice commands toprovide feedback to Tesla. Say "Note","Report", "Bug note", or "Bug report" (in theEnglish language) followed by brief commentsin your language of choice. Model S takes asnapshot of its systems, including your currentlocation, vehicle diagnostic data, and screencaptures of the touchscreen and instrumentpanel. Tesla periodically reviews these notesand uses them to continue improving Model S.

Reporting Safety Defects




Declarations of Conformity

Key and Passive Unlocking System

FCC Certification

Model Number Mfr MHz Tested For

A-0749G02 Pektron 315 USACanadaMexicoTaiwan

A-0749G12 Pektron 315 USACanadaMexicoTaiwan

Per FCC ID AQO-002, the device(s) listed above complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operationis subject to the following two conditions:

1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause

undesired operation.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Tesla could void your authority to operatethe equipment.

MIC Certification

Model Number Mfr MHz Tested For

A-0749G04/A-0749G14 Pektron 315 Japan

CE Certification

Model # Mfr MHz Tested For

A-0749G01 and A-0749G11 Pektron 433 Europe

Australia

New Zealand

Singapore

South Korea

A-0749G05 and A-0749G15 Pektron 433 China

Hong Kong

Korea

The devices listed above comply with CE standards. Operation is subject to the following twoconditions:






NCC Certification

• Key fob Model Numbers: A-0749G01 (433 MHz), A-0749G02 (315 MHz).and A-0749G12 (315MHz)

• Key fob Manufacturer: Pektron

According to NCC low-power radio wave radiation rate of motor management measures:

Article XII of the type certified by the low power radio, non-licensed, company, firm or user is notallowed to change the frequency, increase the power or change the characteristics of the originaldesign and function.

Article XIV: The use of low-power radio-frequency devices shall not influence aircraft security andinterfere with legal communications; interference phenomenon discovered over time, should beimmediately suspended, and improved to no interference before use can continue. Legalcommunications, referring to the provisions of the Telecommunications Act of radiocommunications operations. Low-power radio communications shall tolerate radio waveinterference from radiated devices, legal or industrial, scientific and medical.

SRIM Approval (Malaysia)

Model Number(s) Mfr Frequency Tested For

A-0749G01 and A-0749G11 Pektron 433-435 MHz Malaysia

Compliance Label - Singapore

Model A-0749G11:

Model A-0749G01:

Tire Pressure Monitoring SystemFCC IDs: TZSTPMS201, Z9F-201FS43X

IC ID: 11852A-201FS4X

The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and RSS-210 ofInnovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. Operation is subject to the following twoconditions:






HomeLinkThis device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules, RSS-210 Industry Canada, and with EUDirective 2014/53/EU.

Operation is subject to the following conditions:

• This device may not cause harmful interference.• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause


Any changes or modifications to the device not expressly approved by the manufacturer or Teslacould void your authority to operate the equipment.

Radio Frequency InformationThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and canradiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions,may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee thatinterference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmfulinterference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipmentoff and on, try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected.• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.



Key and Passive Entry SystemThis device has been evaluated against the essential requirements of the 2014/53/EU Directive.

Bulgarian С настоящето Tesla Inc. декларира, че KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRTY SYSTEMотговаря на съществените изисквания и другите приложими изисквания на Директива2014/53/EC.

Croatian Ovime Tesla Inc. ”, izjavljuje da je ovaj KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM jeu skladu s osnovnim zahtjevima i drugim relevantnim odredbama Direktive2014/53/EU.

Czech Tesla Inc. tímto prohlašuje, že tento KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM jeve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice2014/53/EU.

Danish Undertegnede Tesla Inc. erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr KEY FOB andPASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevantekrav i direktiv 2014/53/EU.

Dutch Hierbij verklaart Tesla Inc. dat het toestel KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRYSYSTEM in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevantebepalingen van richtlijn 2014/53/EU.

English Hereby, Tesla Inc., declares that this KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM is incompliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions ofDirective 2014/53/EU.

Estonian Käesolevaga kinnitab Tesla Inc. seadme KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEMvastavust direktiivi 2014/53/EL põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivisttulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.

German Hiermit erklärt Tesla Inc., dass sich das Gerät KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRYSYSTEM in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und denübrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 2014/53/EU befindet.

Greek ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ Tesla Inc. ΔΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRYSYSTEM ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩΔΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ2014/53/EU.

Hungarian Alulírott, Tesla Inc. nyilatkozom, hogy a KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEMmegfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 2014/53/EU irányelvegyéb elõírásainak.

Finnish Tesla Inc. vakuuttaa täten että KEY FOB AND PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEMtyyppinen laite on direktiivin 2014/53/EU oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitäkoskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.

French Par la présente Tesla Inc. déclare que l'appareil KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRYSYSTEM est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositionspertinentes de la directive 2014/53/UE.

Icelandic Hér með lýsir Tesla Inc. yfir því að KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM er ísamræmi við grunnkröfur og aðrar kröfur, sem gerðar eru í tilskipun 2014/53/ESB.

Italian Con la presente Tesla Inc. dichiara che questo KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRYSYSTEM è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinentistabilite dalla direttiva 2014/53/UE.



Latvian Ar šo Tesla Inc. deklarē, ka KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM atbilstDirektīvas 2014/53/ES būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiemnoteikumiem.

Lithuanian Šiuo Tesla Inc. deklaruoja, kad šis KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEMatitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 2014/53/ES Direktyvos nuostatas.

Maltese Hawnhekk, Name of Manufacturer, jiddikjara li dan KEY FOB AND PASSIVEENTRY SYSTEM jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajnrelevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 2014/53/UE.

Norwegian Tesla Inc. erklærer herved at utstyret KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM eri samsvar med de grunnleggende krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv2014/53/EU.

Polish Niniejszym Tesla Inc. oświadcza, że KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM jestzgodny z zasadniczymi wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymipostanowieniami Dyrektywy 2014/53/UE.

Portugese Tesla Inc. declara que este KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM estáconforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva2014/53/UE.

Slovak Tesla Inc. týmto vyhlasuje, že KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM spĺňazákladné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 2014/53/EÚ.

Slovenian Tesla Inc. izjavlja, da je ta KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM v skladu zbistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 2014/53/EU.

Spanish Por medio de la presente Tesla Inc. declara que KEY FOB y PASSIVE ENTRYSYSTEM cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposicionesaplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 2014/53/UE.

Swedish Härmed intygar Tesla Inc. att denna KEY FOB and PASSIVE ENTRY SYSTEM stårI överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevantabestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 2014/53/EU.

Componentn Frequency (MHz) Power Level

Passive entry system 13.56 Magnetic field only

Passive entry system 2402-2480 4 mW

Key fob 2402-2480 4 mW



Index

AABS (Anti-lock Braking System) 67absolute speed limit 107Acceleration settings 74access panel, removing 167accessories

plugging into power socket 20active hood 76adaptive headlights 57Adaptive Suspension Damping 135air circulation 121air conditioning 119air distribution 121air filter 124air suspension 135air vents 124airbag, front passenger, disabling 43airbags 41alarm 138all-season tires 161always connected, setting 78Always Show Estimated Round Trip Energy128anti-lock braking (ABS) 67audio

playing files 130steering wheel buttons 47volume control 130

Auto High Beam 57Auto Lane Change 93auto-raising suspension 135automatic emergency braking 105Autopark 98autopilot

blind spot warning 102side collision warning 102staying inside lane markings 102

AutopilotAuto Lane Change 93automatic emergency braking 104Autopark 98Autosteer 91collision avoidance assist 104forward collision warning 104Navigate on Autopilot 94overtake acceleration 85overview 82speed assist 107speed limit warning 107staying within speed limits 107Summon 100Traffic-Aware Cruise Control 85

Autopilot components 82Autosteer 91average range 78

Bbackup camera 80battery (12V)

complete discharge 147specifications 179

Battery (high voltage)care of 147coolant 167specifications 179temperature limits 147

battery (key), replacing 10blind spot warning 102blind spot warning chime 102Bluetooth

devices, playing audio files from 132general information 133phone, pairing and using 133

body repairs 171body touch up 165brakes

automatic in emergencies 105fluid level 168overview of 67specifications 178

Bumper Clearance (Summon) 100

Ccabin air filter 124cabin temperature control 119Calendar app 137camera (rear view) 80cameras (autopilot) 82car cover 165car status, displaying 47, 48car washes 163cargo area 16cargo volume 176carpets, cleaning 164CCS (Combo) 146CE certifications 195CHAdeMO 146chains 162change of ownership 118charge port 149charge port light 151charge port manual release 150charge port release lever 150charging

charge settings 152components and equipment 145instructions 149public charging stations 146scheduling 152status of 153

charging locations, finding 127child protection

Index


child protection (continued)disabling rear window switches 14

child seatscleaning 164disabling front passenger airbag 43installing and using 30Tesla built-in rear facing 37

child-protectiondisabling liftgate and rear door handles12

Chill acceleration 74cleaning 163climate controls 119collision avoidance assist 104connecting to Wi-Fi 142console

12V power socket 20cup holders 22USB ports 20

consumption chart 78contact information

roadside assistance 184copyrights 192cruise control 85cup holders 22

DDAB radio 131dashboard overview 2Dashcam 81data recording 193data sharing 193declarations of conformity 195delivery mileage 193devices

Bluetooth, playing audio files 132connecting 20playing audio files from 132

dimensions 175Dog Mode 123dome (map) lights 55door handles 11door labels 173Door Unlock Mode 11doors 9doors, opening 9drive away locking 12Drive gear 54driver

profiles 45seat adjustment 24

drivingseating position 24starting 52tips to maximize range 78

EEaster Eggs 190easy entry, driver profile 45electric parking brake 68emergency braking 104emergency flashers 58emergency rear door opening 13energy

gained from regenerative braking 67range information 59

Energy app 78energy saving mode 78energy use predictions (navigating) 128Erase & Reset 118event data recording 193exterior

car cover 165cleaning 163dimensions 175lights 55overview 3polishing, touch up, & repair 165

Ffactory defaults, restoring 118factory reset 118fan speed, interior 121favorites (Media Player) 131Favorites (navigation) 126FCC certifications 195features, downloading new 143firmware (software) updates 143flash drives, playing audio files from 132flashers, warning 58floor mats 165fluids

replacement intervals 155reservoirs, checking 167

fog lights 55forward collision warning 104front passenger detection 43front trunk 18

Ggarage doors, opening 140gates, opening 140GAWR 173gears 54glove box 20Gross Axle Weight Rating 173Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 173ground clearance 175GVWR 173

Index

Index 201

Hhazard warning flashers 58head restraints 25head supports 25headlights

adaptive 57after exit 57high beams 57

heated wipers 65heating 119height adjustments (suspension)

auto-raising 135disabling (Jack mode) 136

high beam headlights 57high voltage

Battery specifications 179components 145safety 155

hills, stopping on 73hitches 174Home location 129HomeLink

FCC certification 197programming and using 140when using Summon 100

hood 18horn 49

IIC certifications 195identification labels 172Insane acceleration 74instant range 78instrument panel

charging status 153cleaning 164overview of 59

interiorcleaning 164dimensions 175lights 55overview 2temperature control 119

internet radio 131intrusion detection 138ISOFIX child seats, installing 33

JJ1772 146Jack mode 136jacking 170

KKeep Climate On 123key

FCC and IC certifications 195how to use 9key not inside 52ordering extras 10replacing battery 10

keyless entry 9

Llabel

Statutory Plate 173Tire and Loading Information 173

lane assist 102lane change, automatic 93lane departure warning 102Launch Mode 74, 75liftgate

adjust opening height 15opening 15

lifting 170lights

adaptive headlights 57hazard warning 58headlights after exit 57turn signals 58

load limits 173location tracking 125location-based suspension 135locking and unlocking doors 9Ludicrous acceleration 74lumbar support 24

Mmaintenance

brake fluid, checking 168cleaning 163daily checks 155fluid replacement intervals 155monthly checks 155panel, removing 167replacing wiper blades 166service intervals 155tires 157washer fluid, topping up 169washer jets, cleaning 166

map orientation 125map updates 129mats 165media 130mileage upon delivery 193mirrors 50mobile app 144

Index


Mobile Connectordescription 146using 149

modifications 171motor specifications 177my car does what? 190

Nnaming 117Navigate on Autopilot 94navigating 125, 126NCC certifications 195Neutral gear 54

OObstacle-Aware Acceleration 104odometer 8, 77offset from speed limit 107Online Routing 128overhang dimensions 175overtake acceleration 85Owner Information, about 192

PPark Assist 71Park gear 54parking brake 68parking, using Autopark 98parking, using Summon 100parts replacement 171pedestrian protection 76personal data, erasing 118phone

steering wheel buttons 48using 133

phone app 134PIN 46PIN to Drive 138power management 78power socket 20power windows 14powering on and off 52public charging stations 146

Rradar 82radio 130Radio Frequency information 195range

displayed on instrument panel 59driving tips to maximize 78

range (continued)regenerative braking 67

range assurance 78Range mode 78Re-route 128rear seats, folding and raising 25rear view camera 80rear window switches, disabling 14recent (Media Player) 131Recents (navigation) 126regenerative braking 67relative speed limit 107release notes 143restarting the touchscreen 52Reverse gear 54RFID transponders 171roadside assistance 184, 185roof racks 174rotating tires 158Round Trip Energy (navigating) 128

Ssafety information

airbags 43child seats 35rear facing child seats 40seat belts 28

seat beltscleaning 164in a collision 28overview of 27pre-tensioners 28wearing when pregnant 27

seat covers 26seat heaters 119seating capacity 173seats

adjusting 24heaters 119Tesla built-in rear facing 37

security settings 138sensors 82Sentry Mode 138service data recording 193service intervals 155Settings, erasing 118shifting gears 54Show Calendar Upon Entry 137Side Clearance (Summon) 100side collision warning 102slip start 70software reset 118software updates 143software version 8specifications

cargo volume 176dimensions 175

Index

Index 203

specifications (continued)exterior 175interior 175motor 177subsystems 177tires 181wheels 180

speed assist 107Speed Limit Mode 117speed limit warning 107Sport acceleration 74stability control 70Standard acceleration 74starting 52Statutory Plate 173steering specifications 178steering wheel

adjusting position 47adjusting sensitivity 47buttons 47heated 47scroll buttons 47

steering, automatic 91streaming services 131summer tires 161Summon 100Summon Distance 100sunroof 23supercharging

described 154idle fees 154pay-per-use fees 154

suspension (air), settings for 135suspension specifications 179

Ttelematics 193temperature

Battery (high voltage), limits 147cabin, controls for 119heated steering wheel 49outside 59

Teslacam 81tie-down straps 189Tilt/Intrusion detection 138Tire and Loading Information label 173tire noise 162Tire Pressure Monitoring System

FCC certification 196overview of 160

tire pressures, checking 157tires

all-season 161balancing 158chains 162inspecting and maintaining 158pressures, how to check 157

tires (continued)replacing 159replacing a tire sensor 160rotation 158specification 181summer 161tire markings 182winter 161

toll system transponders, attaching 171torque specifications 177touch up body 165touchscreen

clean mode 164cleaning 164overview 4software updates 143

tow eye, locating 188towing 188towing a trailer 174towing instructions 187TPMS

FCC certification 196overview of 160

Tracking Disabled 125traction control 70trademarks 192Traffic-Aware Cruise Control 85trailer hitches 174transmission specifications 178transponders, attaching 171Transport Mode 188transporting 187, 188trip chart 78trip meter 77Trip Planner 128trunk, front 18trunk, rear

child-protection lock 12disabling interior handle 12

TuneIn radio 131turn signals 58

Uultrasonic sensors 82Unlock on Park 9unlocking when key doesn't work 12USB devices

connecting 20playing audio files from 132

USB ports 20

VValet mode 46Vehicle Hold 73Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) 172

Index


vehicle loading 173vent, sunroof 23ventilation 124VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) 172voice commands 47volume control 4volume control (media) 130

Wwalk away locking 12Wall Connector 146warning flashers 58washer fluid, topping up 169washer jets, cleaning 166washers, using 65wheel chocks 189wheels

alignment 158replacing 159specifications 180torque 180

Wi-Fi, connecting to 142windshield washer fluid, topping up 169winter tires 161wiper blades, replacing 166wipers, de-icing 65wipers, using 65Work location 129

Index

Index 205

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