Modern U.S. HistoryModern U.S. HistoryThe Vietnam WarThe Vietnam WarChapter 19-1Chapter 19-1

• A. Colonial VietnamA. Colonial Vietnam• - Take Cornell Notes as you read this section. You - Take Cornell Notes as you read this section. You

should read the section and take notes on the right side of your should read the section and take notes on the right side of your paper. On the left side you should write 4-5 questions that paper. On the left side you should write 4-5 questions that answer the notes you have taken on the right. You should take answer the notes you have taken on the right. You should take notes on the main ideas that are most significantnotes on the main ideas that are most significant

• B. Vietnam after World War IIB. Vietnam after World War II• - Create a time-line of the major events that occurred in - Create a time-line of the major events that occurred in

Vietnam after World Vietnam after World War II. You should list each event, its War II. You should list each event, its year, and describe the significance of the event.year, and describe the significance of the event.

• C. Increasing U.S. InvolvementC. Increasing U.S. Involvement• - Imagine you are a reporter covering the events going - Imagine you are a reporter covering the events going

on in Vietnam. Create the dialogue of an interview you would on in Vietnam. Create the dialogue of an interview you would conduct as a field reporter. Make sure you discuss each of the conduct as a field reporter. Make sure you discuss each of the following:following:

1. The sending of military advisors to Vietnam1. The sending of military advisors to Vietnam• 2. Diem’s Overthrow2. Diem’s Overthrow• 3. Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution3. Gulf of Tonkin Incident and Resolution• D. Turn to page 603 in your bookD. Turn to page 603 in your book. Write a paragraph . Write a paragraph

which completes the activity described for number 6.which completes the activity described for number 6.• Any work not finished should be completed for homework. Any work not finished should be completed for homework.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam WarChapter 19-1Chapter 19-1

Lesson 1: Background to the Vietnam WarLesson 1: Background to the Vietnam War

• Activity 1: Class Notes Activity 1: Class Notes

Activity 1Activity 1• Overview of the WarOverview of the War• - longest war in American History- longest war in American History• - only war the U.S. has lost- only war the U.S. has lost• - Vietnam war exposed the limits of our - Vietnam war exposed the limits of our

country’s country’s powerpower• - U.S. entered the war to prevent the spread - U.S. entered the war to prevent the spread

of of communism in Southeast Asiacommunism in Southeast Asia• - U.S. supported the government of South - U.S. supported the government of South

Vietnam Vietnam against the Communist government of against the Communist government of North North VietnamVietnam

• - war became unpopular at home, U.S. - war became unpopular at home, U.S. withdrew its withdrew its troops Vietnam in 1973troops Vietnam in 1973

• Costs of the WarCosts of the War• - 57,000 Americans and 4 million - 57,000 Americans and 4 million

Vietnamese were Vietnamese were killedkilled• - 1982, U.S. government unveiled a - 1982, U.S. government unveiled a

monument that monument that honored those who had diedhonored those who had died

• History of Foreign Influence in VietnamHistory of Foreign Influence in Vietnam• - During 1800s France and England competed - During 1800s France and England competed

with with each other to control the Far Easteach other to control the Far East• - France gained control of Southeast Asia - France gained control of Southeast Asia

known as known as Indochina (present day Cambodia, Laos, Indochina (present day Cambodia, Laos, and and Vietnam)Vietnam)

Establishment of the Viet MinhEstablishment of the Viet Minh• - Viet Minh was a resistance force established - Viet Minh was a resistance force established

by a by a leader named Ho Chi Minh to fight Japan during leader named Ho Chi Minh to fight Japan during World War II and the French after the warWorld War II and the French after the war

• - Vietminh main objective was to overthrow - Vietminh main objective was to overthrow French French rulerule

• - Ho Chi Minh becomes very popular and - Ho Chi Minh becomes very popular and declares declares Vietnam independent after World War IIVietnam independent after World War II

• - France disagrees and war breaks out in 1946- France disagrees and war breaks out in 1946• - U.S. decides to support France because of our - U.S. decides to support France because of our

WWII alliance and determination to stop the WWII alliance and determination to stop the spread spread of communismof communism

• French DefeatFrench Defeat• - Viet Minh defeat the French in 1954 - Viet Minh defeat the French in 1954

at the at the battle of Dien Bien Phubattle of Dien Bien Phu• - French agree to leave and Vietnam - French agree to leave and Vietnam

is split is split into North and Southinto North and South• - Geneva Accords (temporarily - Geneva Accords (temporarily

divided 17th divided 17th parallel) parallel) • - plans agreed upon said that - plans agreed upon said that

country would country would be unified by elections in 2 be unified by elections in 2 yearsyears

• - U.S. never fully supported - U.S. never fully supported elections. elections. Feared Ho Chi Minh and Feared Ho Chi Minh and communists would communists would winwin

• U.S. Intervention BeginsU.S. Intervention Begins• - President Eisenhower compared Vietnam to a- President Eisenhower compared Vietnam to a• row of dominoesrow of dominoes• - If one falls to communism, the others will fall one - If one falls to communism, the others will fall one

right after right after the otherthe other• - U.S. supports the leader of South Vietnam named - U.S. supports the leader of South Vietnam named

DiemDiem• - Ironically, Diem’s rule was not very democratic - Ironically, Diem’s rule was not very democratic

and many in and many in the South came to hate him (no elections, the South came to hate him (no elections, religious religious persecution)persecution)

• - National Liberation Front created to fight Diem’s- National Liberation Front created to fight Diem’s• governmentgovernment• - Vietcong created to fight for the NLF (supported by - Vietcong created to fight for the NLF (supported by

North North Vietnam)Vietnam)• - Eisenhower sends more aid and advisors to South - Eisenhower sends more aid and advisors to South

Vietnam Vietnam - JFK sends 1,000 military advisors to South - JFK sends 1,000 military advisors to South Vietnam in November 1961Vietnam in November 1961

• - By 1963, 16,000 military personnel were stationed - By 1963, 16,000 military personnel were stationed in in VietnamVietnam

• Activity 2: Turn to page 602 in your Activity 2: Turn to page 602 in your book. Write down the five causes of book. Write down the five causes of the Vietnam War under activity 2. the Vietnam War under activity 2. Then, pick the two that you feel were Then, pick the two that you feel were most responsible for the war and most responsible for the war and explain why using many examples.explain why using many examples.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam WarChapter 19 Section 2Chapter 19 Section 2

• Lesson 2: Escalation of the Vietnam Lesson 2: Escalation of the Vietnam WarWar

• Activity 1: Notes over handoutActivity 1: Notes over handout

Did not take notes / Did not take notes / DiscussedDiscussed• 1. Johnson takes over for JFK1. Johnson takes over for JFK• - Johnson privately thought Vietnam was a “mess that - Johnson privately thought Vietnam was a “mess that

wasn’t worth fighting for”wasn’t worth fighting for”• - felt great pressure to win the fight, did not want to - felt great pressure to win the fight, did not want to

appear weakappear weak

Gulf of Tonkin IncidentGulf of Tonkin Incident• - officially pulled the U.S. into the Vietnam War- officially pulled the U.S. into the Vietnam War

• - U.S. planned to eventually attack North by air and sea- U.S. planned to eventually attack North by air and sea• - to prepare, they conducted covert operations - to prepare, they conducted covert operations

in the Gulfin the Gulf• of Tonkin (to see level of defenses)of Tonkin (to see level of defenses)• - communist boats clash with U.S. here- communist boats clash with U.S. here• - Johnson takes a war resolution to Congress - Johnson takes a war resolution to Congress

that would allow him to “take all that would allow him to “take all necessary necessary measures” to defend any nation measures” to defend any nation in Southeast Asia in Southeast Asia threatened by communismthreatened by communism

• Johnson Escalates the WarJohnson Escalates the War

• - regular bombing raids begin in 1965- regular bombing raids begin in 1965

• - later that year first combat troops - later that year first combat troops arrivearrive

• - By Dec 1965 there were nearly - By Dec 1965 there were nearly 200,000 troops200,000 troops

• - By end of 1967, America had 500,000 - By end of 1967, America had 500,000 troops in Vietnamtroops in Vietnam

Activity 2: Letter, Rapp, or Activity 2: Letter, Rapp, or • Imagine you are a soldier who is fighting in Imagine you are a soldier who is fighting in

Vietnam. Write a one-page letter back to a family Vietnam. Write a one-page letter back to a family member or friend which describes what the war is member or friend which describes what the war is like for you. Or, one page rapp or news broadcastlike for you. Or, one page rapp or news broadcast

• 1. Fighting environment1. Fighting environment

• 2. Enemy tactics / Challenges to success2. Enemy tactics / Challenges to success

• 3. Troop Morale / Commitment to the cause3. Troop Morale / Commitment to the cause

Activity 3 (Did not do)Activity 3 (Did not do)• With your partner do the following:With your partner do the following:• Create two Top 5 lists below :Create two Top 5 lists below :• Top 5 Challenges Top 5 Challenges Top 5 solutions in Top 5 solutions in • Faced by soldiersFaced by soldiers your opinionyour opinion• and whyand why

• ChallengeChallenge ReasonReason SolutionSolution• 1.1. 1.1.• 2.2. 2.2.• 3.3. 3.3.• 4.4. 4.4.• 5. 5. 5.5.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam WarChapter 19 Section 2Chapter 19 Section 2

Lesson 3: On the Vietnam BattlefieldLesson 3: On the Vietnam Battlefield

• Activity 1: Use the sections “The Air War” Activity 1: Use the sections “The Air War” and “The Ground War” on pg 604-607 to do and “The Ground War” on pg 604-607 to do the following. Create a chart which identifies the following. Create a chart which identifies the problems or difficulties faced by the U.S. the problems or difficulties faced by the U.S. soldiers and the strategies or solutions used soldiers and the strategies or solutions used by the U.S. to respond to those challenges. by the U.S. to respond to those challenges. Each U.S. tactic or strategies should be Each U.S. tactic or strategies should be explained in detail.explained in detail.

• Problem/ChallengeProblem/Challenge U.S. Strategy/Solution U.S. Strategy/Solution• ChallengeChallenge ReasonReason SolutionSolution

• (Explain each of above in sentences)(Explain each of above in sentences)

• 1. enemy strength1. enemy strength• - Operation Rolling Thunder-bombing campaign - Operation Rolling Thunder-bombing campaign

aimed at army bases, airfields,aimed at army bases, airfields,• Bridges, roads, railways, power plantsBridges, roads, railways, power plants• Ho Chi Minh trailHo Chi Minh trail• 2. Lack of visibility- Agent Orange was used to kill 2. Lack of visibility- Agent Orange was used to kill

vegetation and exposed thick areas of the jungle. vegetation and exposed thick areas of the jungle. Napalm was used to destroy farms and forests, Napalm was used to destroy farms and forests,

• - Carpet bombing destroyed large areas with not - Carpet bombing destroyed large areas with not specific targetspecific target

• - By late 1968 more than 1 million tons of bombs - By late 1968 more than 1 million tons of bombs had been droppedhad been dropped

• 3. Guerrilla tactics-3. Guerrilla tactics-• - search and destroy missions to drive - search and destroy missions to drive

enemy forces out of their hideouts, air enemy forces out of their hideouts, air strikes followed by ground forcesstrikes followed by ground forces

• 4. South Vietnamese against U.S.4. South Vietnamese against U.S.• - pacification- win the hearts and minds - pacification- win the hearts and minds

of the South Vietnamese people-included of the South Vietnamese people-included construction projects, moving villages to construction projects, moving villages to safe camps and given food and housingsafe camps and given food and housing

• 5. How to measure success?5. How to measure success?• - success was measured in body counts- success was measured in body counts

Activity 2Activity 2

• Use pg 608 under the section “U.S. Use pg 608 under the section “U.S. Forces Mobilize” to explain how the Forces Mobilize” to explain how the draft worked.draft worked.

• Then, discuss your opinion on Then, discuss your opinion on whether or not you think we should whether or not you think we should have required military service or a have required military service or a draft today in our country.draft today in our country.

• Drafted soldiers became needed as the war Drafted soldiers became needed as the war continuedcontinued

• - 25 percent of the young men registered were - 25 percent of the young men registered were excused for health reasonsexcused for health reasons

• - Another 30 percent received deferments or - Another 30 percent received deferments or postponements of service if they were in collegepostponements of service if they were in college

• Higher-income families were less likely to serve in Higher-income families were less likely to serve in VietnamVietnam

• In 1969 the government ended many deferments and In 1969 the government ended many deferments and implemented a lottery system based on birthdates.implemented a lottery system based on birthdates.

• 1973 the draft ended1973 the draft ended• 3 percent of eligible young men escaped the draft by 3 percent of eligible young men escaped the draft by

refusing to register or leaving the U.S. Thousands refusing to register or leaving the U.S. Thousands went to Canada to avoid being sent to Vietnamwent to Canada to avoid being sent to Vietnam

Activity 3:Activity 3:

• Read the Document-Based Read the Document-Based Investigation on pg 628-629 and Investigation on pg 628-629 and complete questions 1-4 (A and B) in complete questions 1-4 (A and B) in your notebook.your notebook.

The Vietnam War: Ch 19The Vietnam War: Ch 19

• Lesson 4: Perspectives on the Vietnam Lesson 4: Perspectives on the Vietnam WarWar

• Activity 1: Group Notes and 5 Main points Activity 1: Group Notes and 5 Main points about your positions or opinions on the about your positions or opinions on the war…..for the debate war…..for the debate

• Activity 2: 8-10 Specific questions about Activity 2: 8-10 Specific questions about an event/battle/issue that you would like an event/battle/issue that you would like to ask another group on the panel to to ask another group on the panel to answer.answer.

Activity 2: LBJ’s Road to Activity 2: LBJ’s Road to WarWarAs we watch the program, take notes As we watch the program, take notes

using the following:using the following:

Notes on the decisions,Notes on the decisions, Your Your groupsgroups

Issues, dilemmas facedIssues, dilemmas facedPerspectivePerspective

By JohnsonBy Johnson on issueson issues

Activity 3:Activity 3:

• Write an opening statement that you Write an opening statement that you will read to open our will read to open our debate/discussion. This statement debate/discussion. This statement should be a summary of the main should be a summary of the main points you wish to communicate points you wish to communicate about how your group has been about how your group has been impacted by the Vietnam War.impacted by the Vietnam War.

The Vietnam WarThe Vietnam WarChapter 19 Section 3 & 4Chapter 19 Section 3 & 4

• Lesson 5: The War Under NixonLesson 5: The War Under Nixon

• Political cartoons usually show someone’s opinion on Political cartoons usually show someone’s opinion on a certain political issue by:a certain political issue by:

• 1. Exaggeration of a situation 1. Exaggeration of a situation (Caricature)(Caricature)

• 2. Showing how a person or a 2. Showing how a person or a group group

• might say one thing and do might say one thing and do another another (Irony)(Irony)

• 3. Using humor to praise someone 3. Using humor to praise someone when you really are criticizing when you really are criticizing

them for them for what they are doing (Satire)what they are doing (Satire)

Lesson 5: The War Under Lesson 5: The War Under NixonNixon• Read about each of the below topics in section 3 and 4 and take Read about each of the below topics in section 3 and 4 and take

some basic bullet points notes about each. Then, create two some basic bullet points notes about each. Then, create two political cartoons which illustrates a particular point of view on political cartoons which illustrates a particular point of view on that issue. One from the U.S. government viewpoint and the other that issue. One from the U.S. government viewpoint and the other from North Vietnamese government’s viewpoint Possible issues from North Vietnamese government’s viewpoint Possible issues you could choose include:you could choose include:

• 1. War Protests1. War Protests• 2. The Tet Offensive2. The Tet Offensive• 3. Johnson’s resignation3. Johnson’s resignation• 4. Nixon’s Peace With Honor 4. Nixon’s Peace With Honor

(Vietnamization)(Vietnamization)• 5. The Widening of the War (Attack on 5. The Widening of the War (Attack on

Cambodia)Cambodia)• 6. Violent Protests at Kent State 6. Violent Protests at Kent State

UniversityUniversity• 7. The Pentagon Papers7. The Pentagon Papers• 8. The Election of 1972 (McGovern vs 8. The Election of 1972 (McGovern vs

Nixon)Nixon)• 9. The End of the War (Paris Peace 9. The End of the War (Paris Peace

AccordsAccords• 10. Consequences of War (Trouble in 10. Consequences of War (Trouble in

Southeast Asia)Southeast Asia)

•Creating a Visual Metaphor Representing the Role of the United States in the Vietnam War.doc