modul 4. proses pensinyalan - telkom...
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![Page 1: Modul 4. PROSES PENSINYALAN - Telkom Universitycdndata.telkomuniversity.ac.id/pjj/14152/FEG2E3/UKU/COURSE... · pes + R a) + R 1 x (- 48V) > (-40V) Æ of-h k h 2 nsa nsi R 2 C W T](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021811/5c8e690009d3f21d638c1675/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Modul 4. PROSES PENSINYALAN
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Telkom Engineering
Bandung – 2015
Jaringan Telekomunikasi dan Informasi
FEG2E3
2/16/2015
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Signaling adalah...Definisi : Signaling[FTP’2000]
Pertukaran informasi
Antar perangkat dalam jaringan
Dlm bentuk kode tertentu (standard)
Berfungsi untuk :Pembangunan hubungan (call set-up)
Pengawasan hubungan (supervision)
Pembubaran hubungan (clear down)
A(calling party)
B(called party)
release
signal
release signal
A(calling party)
c) clear down
Telecom
Network
release signal
release
signal
B(called party)
b) conversation
Telecom
Network
speech
speech
speech
A(calling party)
B(called party)
setup
signal
setup signal
a) call setup
Telecom
Network
setup signal
setup
signal
speech path
signaling path
node (exchange)
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Klasifikasi signaling
Klasifikasi
Pensinyalan
Bdsk. PEMAK.
KANAL(kanal voice/sig)
CAS R2
CCS C7
(CCS7/SS7)
Bdsk. FUNGSILine Sig
Register Sig
Decadic pulse
MFCCompelled
Not Compelled
Full MFC
Semi MFC(CAS)
Bdsk. METODA PENYALURAN
- End-to-end- Link-by-link
- Enblock- Overlap
(CAS)
(CCS)
Bdsk. LINGKUP GEOGRAFISInternational seri C1, C2, … C7
Regional seri R1, R2
Bdsk. ARAH
PEMB HUB
Forward
Backward
Bdsk. RUAS JAR Suscriber Sig
Inter-exchange Sig-
- Z-Interface (analog sub)
- DSS1 (digital sub)
Bdsk. KARAKT
- DC- AC
- Analog- Dijital
Single freq
Multi freq
Inband : 2600Hz, DTMF, MFC
Outband : 50Hz, 16KHz, 3825Hz
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Signaling CAS dan CCS
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a. Prinsip Dasar CAS & CCS
Pd CAS : tiap kanal voice memiliki 1 kanal signaling masing-
masing secara exclusive (associated), kanal voice/data dan
kanal signalling secara fisik bisa sama atau terpisah. Jika
menggunakan kanal fisik yg sama maka pemisahan dilakukan
secara logika (timing/frekuensi) berbeda
Pd CCS : sejumlah (kecil) kanal signaling digunakan oleh banyak
kanal voice secara bersama (common). Umumnya secara fisik
terpisah
a. CAS :
b. CCS :
1
2
n
Exchange BExchange A
signaling channelvoice/data channel
signaling channelvoice/data channel
n voice/data channel
1
2
nExchange A Exchange B
m
m << n1
m signaling channel
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b. Line & Register signal Line signal /supervisory signal (sinyalpengawasan) = sinyal-sinyal yang
berfungsi untuk : memonitor (kondisi/status) & mengontrol line/saluran
Contoh fungsi monitor : idle, blocking dsb
Contoh fungsi kontrol : clear forward, force release, seizure dsb
Register signal : sinyal-sinyal yang berfungsi membawa
informasi tentang : nomor telepon tujuan/asal, kelas/kategori pemanggil, kondisi
bebas/sibuknya yang dipanggil dan sinyal-sinyal pengontrol sinyal forward
Terdapat dua jenis pengkodean register signal,yaitu : Decadic pulses dan
MFC (Multi Frequency Code) berupa 2 dari 6 frekuensi untuk tiapkode.
Berdasarkan metoda pengiriman sinyal backward,
terdapat dua macam MFC signaling, yaitu : Full compelled sequence MFC, dimana penghentian backward
bergantung pada penghentian sinyal forward yang bersesuaian.
Semi compelled sequence (SMFC), dimana sinyalbackward dibatasi 150
ms
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Signaling pada Saluran Pelanggan Analog
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Sentral
MDF
Kabel
sekunder
DP
Roset
Pes Tlp
KTB
Kabel
primer
RK
Dro
pp
wire
Telecom
Network
subscriber
signaling
Inter-exchange signaling
subscriber signaling
Subscriber lines
(Accsess network)
Network signaling
(inter-exchange signaling)
Subscriber
signaling
Subscriber
signaling
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Klasifikasi signaling pd sal pelangg (analog)
Subscriber
Signaling
Linesig
Addresssig
Idle on hook (continuous) - backward
Seizure off hook ( 200 ms) - forward
Answer off hook ( 300 ms) - backward
Forward Clear on hook ( 500 ms) - forward
Backward Clear on hook ( 600 ms) - backward
Metering 50Hz, 16KHz, RP (150 ms) - backward
Decadic Pulses open/closed = 60ms/40ms
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency)
Audiblesig
Dial Tone
Busy Tone
Ringing Tone
Interruption Tone
Tone
Ringing Current/voltage
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2. Call setup (overview)
Seizure(off-hook)
Ringing
tone
Ringing
current
Backward clear (on-hook)
Dial tone
Address digit(B-number)
Answer(off-hook)
Forward clear
(on-hook)
- Identification of calling subscriber
- Allocation of storage
address digits and
- Connection of common
equipment
- Disconnection of
dialtone
- Digit analysis and
search of B sub
- Switch path set
- Disconnection of
equipment
EXCHANGE
C O N V E R S A T I O N
Supervision
Gambar 2.1 Prosedur pensinyalan pada saluran pelanggan
111012
BA
12
3
4
6
7a 7b
8
5
9
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3. Rangkaian dasar pes tlp analog (rotary
dial)
h2
nsa
nsi
R2
C
a
W
ke sal. Luar (Sentral)
T
R1M
nsi, nsa, nsr = kontak-kontak mekanik yang buka/tutupnya oleh nockenpada roda pilih (dialswitch)· nsi : pembentuk pulsa-pulsa dekadik (60 ms buka/40 ms tutup)· nsr : menghubung singkat 2 pulsa terakhir (utk minimum interdigit time)· nsa : penghubung singkat rangkaian (mikropon & balancing network)
utk pengamanan dan agar nilai resistansi sekecil mungkin
Keterangan
M = Mikropon (transmitter)T = Telepon (receiver)W = Wekker (bell)h1,h2 = kontak kait (hook)R1 = Balancing NetworkR2 + C = peredam bunga api(spark suppressor) akibat buka tutup nsi
b
h1
nsr
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Persyaratan signaling sal pelanggan
Rpes
Ra
Rb
MDF
Rloop
(Rdc)
· Sentr analog ≤ 1500 Ω
· Sentr SPC analog ≤ 1800 Ω
· Sentr SPC digital ≤ 2000 Ω
pes tlpsal luar
sentral
Rloop = Ra + Rpes + Rb
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On-hook
Off-hook
Deteksi on-hook/off-hook
Rbell
C = open circuit
0 V
a
b
R2
a
b
SAL LUAR (JAR AKSES) MDF SENTRALPES TLP
Ra
Rb
VRef
event
X
R1Compar
ator- 48V
pada test point X : VX » - 48V
output comparator logika 0
pelanggan idle (on-hook)
Vx =(R2 + Rb + Rpes + Ra)
(R2 + Rb + Rpes + Ra) + R1
x (- 48V) > (-40V)
off-hook
h2
nsa
nsi
R2
C
W
T
R M
h1
nsr
Rb
Ra
Req pes tlp
(Rdc) LOOP
MDFPES TLP
0V
a
b
- 48V
VRef
event
X
R1
SENTRAL
R2Compar
ator
SAL
LUAR
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PSTN Local Loop signalling Decadic Pulse
Merupakan standar bagi “direct controlled exchange”
Setiap nomor dial direpresentasikan dalam jumlah pulse
Contoh : dial nomor : 31
on-hook off-hook
dial " 3"
IDT
dial " 1"
t (ms)
Vab
Standar ITU
untuk decadic pulse = 10 pulse/menit
untuk IDT = 250 mdetik
Standar sentral
Untuk decadik = 5 – 24 pulse/menit
Untuk IDT = 100 mdetik
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PSTN Local Loop signalling
DTMF Setiap dial number direpresentasikan dengan pengiriman dual tone
Standar DTMF adalah rekomendasi ITU-T No. Q-23
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
./* 0 #
697 Hz
770 Hz
852 Hz
941 Hz
1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1447 Hz
on-hook off-hook
" 3"IDT
" 1"
50 50 50 50
Vab
t (ms)
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Signalling
Subscriber - exchange Exchange - exchange
Channel associated Common channel
Klasifikasi Signaling
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Nama-nama standar
pensinyalan
Sistem Ruas Jaringan Line Signaling Register Signaling
CAS
Subscriber LineZ-Interface
(On-hook/Off-hook)
· Decadic Pulse
· DTMF
Inter-exchange
· 3wEMD/F6
· Phillips Loop
· Erisson Loop
· 2wEMD/F6
· Ericsson Loop
· 2wPhillips/F6· E & M
· Decadic Pulse
· SMFC
CCS
Subscriber Line DSS1
Inter-exchange SS7
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PSTN Local Loop Signaling(Subscriber – Exchange Signaling)
• Dari pelanggan ke sentral
– Informasi kondisi off-hook
– Informasi nomor B (nomor tujuan)
– Informasi jumlah uang yang dimasukkan (khususuntuk payphone)
– Informasi kondisi on-hook ketika panggilan usai
• Dari sentral ke pelanggan A (nomor pemanggil)
– Informasi bahwa sentral siap menerima nomor B
– Informasi mengenai status B (busy atau tidak)
– Informasi kongesti atau interception
– Sinyal charging (khusus untuk payphone)
• Dari sentral ke pelanggan B
– Sinyal ringing untuk menarik perhatian pelangganB
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PSTN Local Loop signalling
A B
Calling partyOriginating
Exchange
Terminating
Exchange Called party
Seizure (off-hook)
Dial tone
Dialling
Seizing Signal
Proceed to signal
Address Signal
Audible Ringing Ringing
Answer (Off Hook)
AnswerSignal
Conversation
Disconnect
(on-hook)
Clear forward signal
Disconnect
(on-hook)
Release-guard signal
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PSTN Network SignallingCatatan
CAS : Kanal untuk signaling menggunakan kanal yang nantinya
dipakai untuk speech channel
bila call setup berhasil (Gabung)
CCS : Kanal untuk signaling disediakan tersendiri (Terpisah)
Data/voice + Signalling
Exchange ExchangeData/voice + Signalling
Data/voice + Signalling
Signalling
Data/voice
Exchange Exchange
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1 MULTI FRAME
(=16 FRAME)
Frame 0
No. time slot
No. kanal voice/data
Ts 16 frame 0 :
utk service word
(info alarm)
syn syn syn
bit no. Utk signaling
kanal voice no 30
0 151 16 17 31 0 151 16 17 31
1 1615 30 1 1615 30 1 1615 30
0 151 16 17 31
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Utk signaling
kanal voice no 15
Utk signaling
kanal voice no 16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Utk signaling
kanal voice no 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frame 1 Frame 15
kanal signalingkanal signaling
EXCHANGE A
digital form (TDM)
E1
2Mbps
(= 32 ts)
1
n
Z O O M
No. kanal voice/data
No. time slot
Utk kanal signaling (CAS)
16
utk alignment
10 15 16 17 31
1 15 16 30
2
8 bit = 1 sampel suara pada kanal voice no 15
Contoh : 1 0 1 0 01 01
bobot level suara = 50
dg polaritas negatif
EXCHANGE B
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PSTN Network SignallingPSTN – Network Signalling
Pendahuluan
Konsep : Analog signaling, artinya satu sinyal akan merepresentasikan suatu ‘tanda’ tertentu (mis. : 1 digit)
Transmit signaling : Analog atau digital
Di Indonesia saat ini :
PSTN Network signaling menerapkan teknik ‘analog-signalling’ yang
ditransmisikan secara digital
Standar PSTN Network – Signalling
CAS (Common Associated Signalling)
Signalling System (SS) No.4
Signalling System (SS) No.5
Signalling System (SS) No. R1
Signalling System (SS) No. R2
CCS (Common Channel Signalling)
Signalling System (SS) No.6
Signalling System (SS) No.7
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PSTN Network Signalling
Standar di Indonesia
Line Signalling (supervisory signaling)
Pensinyalan yang digunakan untuk pendudukan (holding) atau clearing dari suatu speech channel
Register Signalling (Information signaling)
Pensinyalan yang digunakan untuk call set-up dsb. Menggunakan R2-SMFC transmisi digital
Line Signalling di Indonesia Memanfaatkan timeslot 16 dari PCM 30
Setiap slot terdiri dari 8 bit :
- TS 0 untuk sinkronisasi
- TS 1 s.d. 15 dan TS 17 s.d. 31 untuk speech channel
- TS 16 untuk line signaling secara multiframe
- TS 16 = a1 a2 a3 a4 b1 b2 b3 b4
untuk line signaling digunakan a1 dan b1
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Ilustrasi mekanisme signaling R2
1
2
n
Exchange BExchange A
SEIZURE signal
Address digits
(B-number)
Last
digit
1st
digit control/acknowledgement
B-status
(idle/busy)
Ringing tone(to A) & ringing current/voltage (to B)
ANSWER signal
C O N V E R S A T I O N
CLEAR FORWARD signal
RELEASING ….
RELEASE GUARD signal
IDLE signal
SMFC
REGISTER SIGNAL
LINE SIGNAL
FORWARDBACKWORD
E&M
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Combination Number
Frekuensi (Hz)
1380 1500 1620 1740 1860 1980 Forward
1140 1020 900 780 660 540 Backward
1 x x
2 x x
3 x x
4 x x
5 x x
6 x x
7 x x
8 x x
9 x x
10 x x
11 x x
12 x x
13 x x
14 x x
15 x x
Contoh :Sinyal nomor 7
Forward : 1380 dan 1860 Hz
Backward : 1440 dan 660 Hz
Backward
Group A : 15 sinyal
Group B : 15 sinyal
A1 = B1
A2 = B2
A15 = B15
dari segi Frekuensisama arti berbeda
Sinyal Backward
Tabel Kombinasi Frekuensi SMFC
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Perioda/siklus waktu SMFC signalingBerhentinya sinyal = MFC, tapi pengiriman sinyal berikutnya dapat
tdk/tanpa menunggu sampai sinyal berhenti diterima
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PSTN Network SignallingARTI/MAKSUD LINE SIGNAL
NO LINE SIGNAL ARAH SAAT FUNGSI
1 Seizure (f) Awal pemb. hub. Mengubah kond sal : idle busy
2 Proceed to send
(seizure acknowl)
(b) - sda - Konfirmasi bhw. i/c tlh diduduki
3 Forced Release ·Congestion
·Time out ringing
·Time out B busy
·Time out clear back
Pemutusan hub secara paksa
4 Answer B menjawab Tanda awal bicara (awal charging)
5 Metering Selama bicara Pembebanan (charging)
6 Clear Backward B tutup hs Tanda akhir bicara (akhir charging)
7 Clear Forward A tutup hs Tanda akhir bicara (akhir charging)
8 Release Guard Stlh clear forward -jawaban clear forward
-indikasi perangkat tlh idle
9 Re-answer Stlh clear backward dan
sblm: -time out
- ditrm cl.forw
(B ttp hs sebentar)
Tidak membubarkan hub.
10 Blocking -sal terganggu atau
-sedang dites
Agar tdk dpt diduduki
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31
E & M signaling versi digital
bit no.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
kanal sinyal
EXCHANGE A
digital form (TDM)
E1
2Mbps
(= 32 ts)
1
n
No. kanal voice/data
No. time slot 10 15 16 17 31
1 15 16 30
2
EXCHANGE B
2
kanall voice
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 bit = 1 sampel suaraContoh :
level suara = 50 satuan
polaritas negatif
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
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PSTN Network Signalling
Sinyal Forward
Nomor Group I Group II Group III
1 Digit 1 Natiomal Operator Digit 1
2 Digit 2 Normal Subscriber Digit 2
3 Digit 3 Local Paypone Digit 3
4 Digit 4 Internasional Operator Digit 4
5 Digit 5 Long Distance Paypone Digit 5
6 Digit 6 National Test and Maintenance Equipment Digit 6
7 Digit 7 International Test Equipment Digit 7
8 Digit 8 Cross Border Operator Digit 8
9 Digit 9 International Paypone Digit 9
10 Digit 0 Spare Digit 0
11 Reroute to special sevice Spare Spare
12 Spare Spare Spare
13 Spare Spare Spare
14 Access to maintenance Equip. Spare Spare
15 End of available information End of available information End of available information
Keterangan :
1. Group I : Nomor Called station
2. Group III : Nomor Calling station
3. Group II : Kategori atau jenis opearator
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PSTN Network Signalling
Sinyal Backward
Nomor Group A Group B
1 Kirim digit berikutnya (n+1) Saluran Pelanggan Bebas
2 Kirim digit dari awal lagi Pelanggan Sibuk
3 Nomor lengkap, saya siap kirim group B Kirim tone informasi special (sinyal interception)
4 Kongesti Technical Blocking
5 Nomor langkap sambungkan speech part Saluran pelanggan bebas, tak berbayar
6 Kirim nomor pemanggil Pelacakan panggilan malicious
7 Cadangan Nomor nasional yang tidak dialokasikan
8 Kirim lagi dari 1 digit terakhir Line out of Service
9 Kirim lagi dari 2 digit terakhir Cadangan
10 Cadangan Cadangan
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15 Cadangan Cadangan
Keterangan
1. Group A : Permintaan sinyal forward atau pindah ke Group B
2. Group B : Kondisi atau kategori dari called station
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PSTN Network SignallingTerminal
0222500962
LE
Dago
LT
Bandung
LT
Jakarta
LE
SlipiTerminal
0215432167
0215432167
I10
A1I2
A1
A1
I1
E&M
E&M
A2
I10
A1
I2
A1
I1
A1
A1
I5
I4
A9 E&M
I5
A1
I4
A1
I3
A1
A1
I2
I1
A1
I6
I7
A1
Toll Bandung
Ulangi dari awal
Sudah diketahui menuju
trunk Jakarta
Dua digit ini untuk
mengetahui ke sentral
mana yang di tuju
Ulangi dari 2 digit
terakhir
Contoh Pensinyalan R2
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PSTN Network Signalling
Terminal
0222500962
LE
Dago
LT
Bandung
LT
Jakarta
LE
SlipiTerminal
0215432167
A6
III10
III2
III2
III2
III5
III10
III10
III9
III6
III2
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A1
A3
B1Answer (E&M)
Komunikasi
Clear Forward (E&M)
Kirim nomor pemanggil
Minta pindah ke Group B
Nomor yang dipanggil
Bebas
Lanjutan …..