module 4 cloud computing saas 2s

8/10/2019 Module 4 Cloud Computing SaaS 2s

1/29

8/25/2014

1

Module 4: Cloud Computing &SaaS

Overview

a s c ou compu ng

Business advantages

Architecture

Issues and challenges

Utility Computing

Grid computing


2/29

8/25/2014

2

Definitions The rise of the cloud is more than just another platform shift that

gets geeks excited. It will undoubtedly transform the IT industry, butit will also profoundly change the way people work and companiesoperate. - The Economist, Let it Rise, 10/23/08 (Sun CloudComputing 2009)

A pool of highly scalable, abstracted infrastructure, capable ofhosting end-customer applications, that is billed by consumption-(Staten 2008, Forrester Research)

Cloud computing is the set of disciplines, technologies, andbusiness models used to render IT capabilities as on-demand

services (www.burtongroup.com) Cloud Computing is the sum of SaaS and Utility Computing

(Armbrustet al. 2009)

Definitions (con)

Its one of the foundations of the next generation of computing. . ..Its a world where the network is the platform for all computing,

that connects to the big computer were building. Cloud computing isa great way to think about how well deliver computing services inthe future. Tim OReilly, CEO, OReilly Media (Sun Cloud

Computing 2009) A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a

collection of interconnected and virtualised computers that aredynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unifiedcomputing resources based on service-level agreementsestablished throu h ne otiation between the service rovider andconsumers (Buyyaet al. 2008)

Clouds are clearly next-generation data centerswith nodesvirtualized through hypervisor technologies such as VMs,dynamically provisioned on demand as a personalized resourcecollection to meet a specific service-level agreement, which isestablished through a negotiation and accessible as a composableservice via Web 2.0 technologies(Buyyaet al. 2008)


3/29

8/25/2014

3

What is Cloud Computing? New computing paradigms have been proposed and

adopted, with the emergence of technologicala vances suc as c us er compu ng, r compu ng,P2P computing, service computing, market-orientedcomputing, and most recently Cloud computing-(Buyyaet al. 2008)

Clouds provide on demand resources or servicesover the Internet, usually at the scale and with thereliability of a data center (Grossman 2008)

ou use w a you nee an you pay or w a you use

e.g. Amazon S3 and Simple DB and Google AppEngine all charge based on storage, bandwidth, andCPU time services run on shared infrastructure

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing gives an edge to enterprises

capacities on the fly without having to invest in

infrastructure, training or licenses. One of themost important features of cloud computing isautomated management and reallocation ofresources. This means that a user can work ona platform without worrying about adaptability,scalability and elasticity.

Kaustubh Dhavse

Deputy Director of ICT practice at Frost & Sullivan


4/29

8/25/2014

4

Cloud Computing 3.19 min.

Youtube Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_DKNwK_ms

What is driving businesses tocloud-scale?


5/29

8/25/2014

5

Drivers

Ranked Number 1 Ranked in Top 3

Cost saving 34% 65%

Uptime/High availability 17% 46%

Performance 12% 43%

Consumption-based pricing 12% 33%

Scalability 7% 40%

Flexibility 6% 41%Rapid deployment 5% 24%

(Cloud Computing Trends Report 2009)

Why Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is more than pay by drink compute platforms itis a convergence of two major interdependent IT trends (Sun Cloud

IT Efficiency - Minimise costs though virtualisation, improveinfrastructure resource deployment and utilisation

Business Agility - Maximise returns using IT as a competitive weaponthrough rapid time to market, integrated application stacks, instantmachine image deployment, and petascale parallel programming

Example: The New York Times needed to convert 11 million articlesand images in its archive (from 1851 to 1980) to PDF. Their Internal

. . ,developer using 100 Amazon EC2 simple Web service interfaceinstances running Hadoop (an open-source implementation similarto MapReduce) completed the job in 24 hours for less than $300!(open.blogs.nytimes.com, Self-service, Pro-rated Super ComputingFun!)

(Sun Cloud Computing 2009)


6/29


7/29

8/25/2014

7

When to apply cloud computing?

Moving internal services to pay-as-you-goinfrastructure

Quick provisioning and de-provisioning of users andresources

Mobility advantages accessing your application or dataanytime, anywhere

Reducing specialised IT administration expertisethrough cloud infrastructure

Lightweight entry/exit service acquisition The business, security, and privacy concerns of cloud-

hosted identities and data

Examples of Use

(Staten 2008)


8/29

8/25/2014

8

Major Cloud Builders

(Staten 2008)

Why IT leaders will embracecloud computing

Separation of data from apps: front end applications will bedelivered in the Web browser while the backend will be

- Front-end and backend databases: will be able to exist in

separate locations much more easily and effectively

Offline access for online apps: Web applications develop anoffline component in addition to the standard onlinecomponent

Ubiquitous mobile Internet access: making Internet accessvirtually ubiquitous -or at least available anywhere you canconnec o a ce ower

Moving CAPEX to OPEX: allows a company to move much ofits infrastructure costs from being capital expenditure(CAPEX) to being operating expenditure (OPEX)

(Hiner2009)


9/29

8/25/2014

9

Maturity Model Stages of evolution for an enterprise data

cen er ry ng o ac eve c ou rvana-James Urquhart

Consolidation Abstraction Automation UtilityMarket

(Urquhart2008Amaturitymodelforcloudcomputing,http://news.cnet.com/830119413_310122295240.html)

Steps in Maturity Model

Consolidation - reduce redundancy and wasted space andequipment by measured planning of both architecture

. Abstraction - occurs when data centers decouple the

workloads and payloads of their data center infrastructure

from the physical infrastructure itself, and manage to theabstraction instead of the infrastructure. Automation - comes into play when data centers

systematically remove manual labor requirements for run timeoperation of the data center.

y - s e s age a w c a a cen ers n ro uce econcepts of self-service and metering.

Market - is achieved when utilities can be brought togetherover the Internet to create an open competitive marketplacefor IT capabilities (an "Inter-cloud", so to speak)

Urquhart 2008


10/29

8/25/2014

10

The Architectural Services

Layers of Cloud Computing Software as a Service (SaaS) SaaS is at the highest layer

and features a complete application offered as a service,, - . .

Platform as a Service (PaaS) The middle layer, or PaaS, isthe encapsulation of a development environment abstractionand the packaging of a payload of services, e.g. Commercialexamples include Google App Engine, which servesapplications on Googles infrastructure

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) IaaS is at the lowestlayer and is a means of delivering basic storage and compute

-

commercial example is Amazon Web Services, whose EC2and S3 services offer bare-bones compute and storageservices (respectively)


Cloud computing services

Virtualization - Solves core challenges of data centermanagers Higher utilization rates Resource consolidation

Lower power usage/costs Space savings Disaster recovery/business continuity Reduced operations costs

O eratin S stem Virtualization Platform Virtualization Network Virtualization Application Virtualization



11/29

8/25/2014

11

Cloud computing services Software Deployment

- -packaging of software components, data, serverand storage pools, and other cloud resourcesmakes efficient resource allocation, re-use, andmanagement possible

Machine Images - Machine images contain user-specific applications, libraries, data, and

within the cloud e.g. Paid AMIs(Amazon MachineImages) can be created by ISVs and stored on

Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)


Major Obstacles-cloud computingproviders must overcome

Cloud

Computing

Trends

Report

2009


12/29

8/25/2014

12

High-level market-oriented cloud

architecture

(Buyya et al. 2008)

Market oriented CloudArchitecture

Cloud providers will need to consider and meet different QoS parameters ofeach individual consumer as negotiated in specific SLAs.

Market-oriented resource management is necessary to regulate the supplyand demand of Cloud resources at market equilibrium, provide feedback interms of economic incentives for both Cloud consumers and providers, and

promote QoS-based resource allocation mechanisms that differentiateservice requests based on their utility

There are basically four main entities involved Users/Brokers: Users or brokers acting on-their behalf submit service requests from

anywhere in the world to the Data Center and Cloud to be processed.

-Data enter /Cloud service provider and external users/brokers.

VMs: Multiple VM scan be started and stopped dynamically on a single physical machine tomeet accepted service requests, hence providing maximum flexibility to configure variouspartitions of resources on the same physical machine to different specific requirements ofservice requests

Physical Machines: The Data Center comprises multiple computing servers that provideresources to meet service demands.

(Buyya et al. 2008)


13/29

8/25/2014

13

Cloud services

(Linthicum 2006)

Characteristics

Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, hasthe potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making

hardware is designed and purchased. Developers with innovative ideas for new Internet services no longer

require the large capital outlays in hardware to deploy their serviceor the human expense to operate it

Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered asservices over the Internet and the hardware and systems software inthe datacenters that provide those services-referred to as Softwareas a Service (SaaS).

.When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to thegeneral public, we call it a Public Cloud-the service being sold isUtility Computing

Private Cloud to refer to internal data centers of a business or otherorganization, not made available to the general public.

(Armbrust et al. 2009)


14/29

8/25/2014

14

Challenges Enterprises currently employ conservative IT strategies and are

unwilling to shift from the traditional controlled environments

are in the proof-of concept stage Regulatory pressures also mean that enterprises have to be careful

about where their data gets processed, and therefore, are not ableto employ Cloud services from an open market.

Could be mitigated through SLAs that specify strict constraints onthe location of the resources

The state-of-the-art Cloud technologies have limited support formarket-oriented resource management and they need to beextended to support: negotiation of QoS between users and

providers to establish SLAs; mechanisms and algorithms forallocation of VM resources to meet SLAs; and manage risksassociated with the violation of SLAs.


Challenges



15/29

8/25/2014

15

Disadvantages Latency and bandwidth related issues associated with any

remote application ar ous ssues re a e o mu p e cus omers poss y s ar ng

the same piece of hardware Having data accessible by third parties (such as the provider

of cloud services) may present security, compliance orregulatory issues.

Clouds that provide on-demand capacity, portability andinteroperability is much more problematic

Example Hadoop is by far the most prevalent system thatprovides on-demand capacity, but, for example, it is not

straightforward for a Hadoop MapReduce application to runon another on-demand capacity cloud that is written in C++

(Grossman 2008)

Infrastructure

Transparency - The application delivery solution used to providetransparent load-balancing services will need to be automated andintegrated into the provisioning workflow process such that resources canbe provisioned on-demand at any time.

Scalability - The "control node" often depicted in high-level diagrams of the"cloud computing mega data center" will need to provide on-demand

dynamic application scalability. Intelligent monitoring - If the number of concurrent users accessing aservice is reaching capacity, then the application delivery solution should beable to not only detect that through intelligent monitoring but participate inthe provisioning of another instance of the service in order to ensure serviceto all clients

-cloud is compromised potentially all services and associated data within thecloud are at risk. It should also provide full application security -from layer 2to layer 7 -in order to thwart potential attacks at the edge. Network security,protocol security, transport layer security, and application security should beprime candidates for implementation at the edge of the cloud, in the controlnode.

4

Things

You

Need

in

a

Cloud

Computing

Infrastructure,

www.devcentral.f5.com


16/29

8/25/2014

16

SaaS & Cloud Computing

Similar to utility computing

Pay as you use

Service on demand

High availability

What is SaaS

SaaS = Software as a Service

It is a Deployment/Delivery model Hosted and Managed by vendor

Delivered across the Internet

It is a Business Model: usage-based pricing (vs.perpetual license model of on-premise software).

Per user per month Per transaction Per GB of storage per month

(Scio Consulting International 2009)


17/29

8/25/2014

17

History of SaaS Born during dot-com era (late 90s)

Apps hosted/managed by Vendor

Remote access through VPN

Almost died with dot-com burst

Early SaaS companies born in early 00s

2003-2005 High-speed Internet growth =

trigger for SaaS Feb 2009 Salesforce.com reported annual

revenues of $1,000 Million USD


SaaS Evolution



18/29

8/25/2014

18

How SaaS works Network-based access to commercially

ava a e so ware

Multi-tenancy (one-to-many)

Payment Model

Central Application Management

o ware

Infrastructure

Control of Upgrade Process


Benefits for clients

Lower entry point -

Software licenses IT infrastructure

Lower operating/maintenance costs Fast, easy deployment (Web browser) Vendor maintains/upgrades application

Consumption-based expenditure Pay As You Go (OpEx vs CapEx) Scale up/down as needed



19/29

8/25/2014

19

Benefits for Users Easy deployment/ramp up

No additional hardware/software needed

Any time, Any where access Outside the corporate firewall

Transparent updates

Support direct from Vendor


Benefits for Vendors

Economies of Scale Derived from Multi-tenant architecture

e er resource u za on Simplified maintenance

For a well designed app, operating costs per customer drop ascustomer base grows

Better understanding of usage patterns To drive innovation and enhancements

Faster release cycles to keep up with market and competition De-facto access to Global market



20/29

8/25/2014

20

Benefits for Vendors Market Reach Catch the Long Tail

Traditional Model


Long Tail Continued



21/29

8/25/2014

21

SaaS Stack


Challenges to be overcome

Federate: A plethora of heterogeneous storage systems exist,creating a homogenous interface is a key step in federating

. Share: Ensuring that distributed storage resource is shared

fairly among users and that no single user can deny access to

others, accidentally or otherwise Security: Operating on non-trusted infrastructure requires the

use of cryptographic mechanisms in order to enforceauthentication and prevent malicious behavior

Reliability: Storage medium and network failures arecommon n a g o a s orage n ras ruc ure, an ere oremechanisms of remote replicas and erasure codes need to beemployed to ensure that persistent reliable access to storeddata is achieved

(Yeo et al. 2006)


22/29

8/25/2014

22

Utility ComputingUtility computing is the on demand deliveryo n ras ruc ure, app ca ons, an us nessprocesses in a security-rich, shared,scalable, and standards based computerenvironment over the Internet for a fee.Customers will tap into IT resourcesand

pay for themas easily as they now get theirelectricity or water - IBM Global Services (Adapted from Rappa 2004)

Utility computing

The amount of computer resources you useis metered and oure char ed for the usa e.The more you use, the more you pay

Youre renting the services you need from anoff-site area Utility computing is an economic model in

which you request and pay for computing

(Grossman 2008) Examples-Amazon's S3 and EC2 are based

upon a utility computing model(Gruman2008)


23/29

8/25/2014

23

Difference in Utility and Cloud

computing From a hardware point of view, three aspects are new in Cloud

Computing

The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand - therebyeliminating the need for Cloud Computing users to plan far ahead for provisioning

The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users - thereby allowingcompanies to start small and increase hardware resources only when there is anincrease in their needs

Abi li ty to pay for use of computing resour ces on a short-term basis as needed

Difference Utility Computing - is when demand for a service varies with time. For example, a

web startup will need to support a spike in demand when it becomes popular,

followed potentially by a reduction once some of the visitors turn away Cloud Computing - lets an organization pay by the hour for computing resources,

potentially leading to cost savings even if the hourly rate to rent a machine from acloud provider is higher than the rate to own one

Cloud based services can be run by an organization as a private cloud, can beoffered through a utility computing model (Grossman 2008)


Utility Business Model

The factors of user necessity, reliability,usabilit utilization scalabilit andexclusivity, when taken together, shape thebusiness model for utility services

The utility model is based on metering usageand constitutes a pay as you go approach.Unlike subscription services, meteredservices are based on actual usa e rates

The provision of computing services isincreasingly driven by economies of scaleand the effective utilization of resources

(Rappa2004)


24/29

8/25/2014

24

Benefits When cloud computing is served with utility computing

it provides a number of benefits reduced capital expense, low barrier to entry, and the

ability to scale up as demand requires, including supportfor brief surges in capacity.

cloud based storage services can easily managed a PB(Petabyte) of data, while managing this much data with atraditional database is problematic.

Utility computing is less capital intensive, you pay forcapacity as you need it

Utility computing allows you to access capacity exactlywhen you need it-e.g. for Web 2.0 applications, with autility computing model, 100 users can be served on oneday and next day 10,000 users can be served


Benefits for Providers

Providers can reallocate resources easily andquickly to users that have the highest demands

Efficient usage of resources minimizes operationalcosts for providers since they are now able to

serve a larger community of users without lettingunused resources g unutilized

Enables providers to achieve a better Return OnInvestment (ROI) such as Total Cost of Ownership

to derive positive returns and incremental profitscan be earned with the gradual expansion ofinfrastructure that grows with user demands

(Yeo et al. 2006)


25/29

8/25/2014

25

Benefits for Users Reduction of IT-related operational costs and complexities Users no longer need to invest heavily or encounter difficulties

n u ng an ma n a n ng n ras ruc ures Computing expenditures can now be modeled as a variable

cost depending on the usage patterns of users, instead of asa static cost of purchasing technologies and employing staff tomanage operations

Users neither need to be concerned about possible over-orunder-utilization of their own self-managed IT infrastructuresduring peak or non-peak usage periods

Provides increased flexibility and ease for users to adapt to

their changing business needs and environments

(Yeo et al. 2006)

Major Industrial Solutions forUtility Computing

(Yeo et al. 2006)


26/29

8/25/2014

26

Grid computing A Grid is an Internet-based network of

geographically distributed computing resourcesthat users can share and aggregate to solve large-scale problems-Madhu Chetty and RajkumarBuyya 2002 (Adapted from Yeo et al. 2006)

An infinite number of computing devices rangingfrom high performance systems such assupercomputers and clusters, to specialized

,

systems, and scientific instruments, are logicallycoupled together in a Grid and presented as asingle unified resource to the user-Buyya et al2001 (Adapted from Yeo et al. 2006)

Grid Computing Overview

A Grid user can easily use these globallys r u e r resources y n erac ng

with a Grid resource broker

A Grid user perceives the Grid as a singlehuge virtual computer that providesimmense com utin ca abilities identicalto an Internet user who views the WorldWide Web as a unified source of content

(Yeo et al. 2006)


27/29

8/25/2014

27

Applications soon to be

employed on Grids Aircraft engine diagnostics Virtual observatory Bioinformatics Drug discovery Digital image analysis

Astrophysics, Multi-player gaming

(Yeo et al. 2006)

Grids can be primarily classifiedinto three types

Computational Grids aggregatecom utational ower of loball distributedmachines

Data Grids emphasize on a global-scalemanagement of data to provide data access,integration and processing throughdistributed data repositories

focus on user satisfaction by combining anddelivering services based on users needsand requirements

(Yeo et al. 2006)


28/29

8/25/2014

28

On-Demand assembly of

services in a Utility Grid

(Yeo et al. 2006)

Expected worldwide Gridspending

Expected worldwide Grid spending from year 2005 to 2010 inbillion dollars (Insight Research Corporation)

(Yeo et al. 2006)


29/29

8/25/2014

References Armbrust, M., Fox A., Griffith R., Joseph J.D., Katz R.H., KonwinskiA., Lee G., Patterson

D.A., RabkinA., StoicaI. and Zahariaust M. 2009, Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View ofCloud Computing, Available online< - - >. . . - - . .

Bias R. and GibbardS. 2009 Cloud computing increases efficiency & drives bottom line,Clouds bring Green, GoGrid/Server Path.

Buyya R., Yeo C.S. and Venugopal S. 2008 Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision,Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities, Available Online;.

Foster, I, Zhao,Y, Raicu,Iand Lu, S 2009 Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared, Grid Computing Environments Workshop, 2008. GCE '08, IEEE;

Available Online.

Grossman R.L. 2008 A quick Introduction to Cloud Computing, submitted for publication,preprint, Available online .

Hiner J. 2009, Sanity check: Why corporate IT will eventually embrace cloud computing,Tech Sanity Check. Hosting.com 2009, 2009 CLOUD COMPUTING TRENDS REPORT, 2009 Cloud

Computing Trends Report,eBook, www.hosting.com, Available online:.

References

Linthicum D.S. 2006 Where Cloud Computing meets Enterprise Architecture, BlueMountain Labs.

Ramamurthy B 2009, Cloud computing,AvailableOnline:

module 4 cloud computing saas 2s

Documents