mohinhosivagiaothuc

13
1 Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications 19/05/06 Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications 19/05/06 M« h×nh tham chiÕu OSI M« h×nh tham chiÕu liªn kÕt c¸c hÖ thèng më ®îc tæ chøc tiªu chuÈn ho¸ quèc tÕ ISO (International Standard Organization) ®a ra vμo n¨m 1984. (OSI - Open Systems Interconnection) HÖ thèng më lμ g× ? ý nghÜa cña nã ? Open System Inputs Outputs Open System Phân tng và chun hóa

Upload: ngocthieu

Post on 21-May-2017

212 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

1

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

M« h×nh tham chiÕu OSI

M« h×nh tham chiÕu liªn kÕt c¸c hÖ thèng më ®−îctæ chøc tiªu chuÈn ho¸ quèc tÕ ISO (International Standard Organization) ®−a ra vµo n¨m 1984.

(OSI - Open Systems Interconnection)

HÖ thèng më lµ g× ? ý nghÜa cña nã ?

Open System

Inputs

Outputs

Open System

Phân tầng

và chuẩn hóa

Page 2: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

2

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

ý nghÜa ph©n tÇng

Gi¶m ®é phøc t¹p khi ph©n tÝch vµ thiÕt kÕ.DÔ tiªu chuÈn hãa c¸c giao diÖn T¹o kh¶ n¨ng m«dul hãa cao§¶m b¶o kh¶ n¨ng lµm viÖc gi÷a c¸c c«ng nghÖ kh¸c nhauGia tèc cho nh÷ng h−íng ph¸t triÓn míiDÔ häc vµ gi¶ng d¹y

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

HÖ thèng ES vµ IS

7. Application

6. Presentation

5. Session

4. Transport

3. Network

2. Data Link

1. PhysicalData Link

Physical

4. Transport

2. Data Link

7. Application

6. Presentation

5. Session

3. Network

1. Physical

4. Transport

2. Data Link

Transmission Media Transmission Media

Page 3: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

3

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

C¸c nguyªn t¾c ph©n tÇng

§¬n gi¶n hãa (h¹n chÕ sè l−îng c¸c tÇng).

C¸c tÇng t¸ch biÖt bëi c¸c chøc n¨ng ®éc lËp.

C¸c chøc n¨ng gièng nhau ®−îc ®Æt cïng mét tÇng.

C¸c chøc n¨ng ®−îc ®Þnh vÞ sao cho cã thÓ thiÕt kÕ l¹i tÇng mµ kh«ng ¶nh h−ëng tíi c¸c tÇng kh¸c.

T¹o ranh giíi gi÷a c¸c tÇng sao cho cã thÓ chuÈn ho¸giao diÖn t−¬ng øng.

T¹o mét tÇng khi d÷ liÖu ®−îc xö lý mét c¸ch t¸ch biÖt.

Mçi tÇng sö dông dÞch vô cña tÇng d−íi nã, cung cÊpdÞch vô cho c¸c tÇng trªn.

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

néi dung c¸c tÇng OSI

Network processes to applicationsData representation

Interhost communication

End-to-end connections

Addresses and best path

Access to media

Binary transmission

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Page 4: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

4

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

TÇng vËt lý

Lµ tÇng thÊp nhÊt cña m« h×nh OSI, tiÕp xóc trùc tiÕp víi ph−¬ng tiÖn truyÒn dÉn.

Cã chøc n¨ng truyÒn dßng bit lªn ph−¬ng tiÖn truyÒn dÉn mµ kh«ng quan t©m ®Õn cÊu tróc.

Truy nhËp ®−êng truyÒn vËt lý nhê c¸c ph−¬ngtiÖn c¬, ®iÖn, hµm, thñ tôc

Liªn quan ®Õn vÊn ®Ò ®Æc t¶ t−¬ng øng c¸c bit 0, 1 trªn mçi m«i tr−êng truyÒn dÉn.

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

TÇng liªn kÕt d÷ liÖuCung cÊp ph−¬ng thøc ®Ó truyÒn khung th«ng tin qua liªn kÕt vËt lý ®¶m b¶o tin cËy.

Göi c¸c khung d÷ liÖu (frame) víi c¸c c¬ chÕ®ång bé ho¸, kiÓm so¸t lçi vµ ®iÒu khiÓn luångd÷ liÖu.

§iÒu khiÓn ph−¬ng thøc truy nhËp ph−¬ng tiÖn truyÒn dÉn.

§Þa chØ hãa cho c¸c giao diÖn vËt lý (MAC Address)

Page 5: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

5

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

TÇng m¹ng

Thùc hiÖn viÖc chän ®−êng vµ chuyÓn tiÕpth«ng tin víi c«ng nghÖ chuyÓn m¹ch thÝch hîp.

Thùc hiÖn kiÓm so¸t luång d÷ liÖu, c¾t/hîp d÷liÖu khi cÇn thiÕt.

Liªn quan tíi c¸c vÊn ®Ò ®o ®é trÔ ®−êngtruyÒn, quyÕt ®Þnh chän ®−êng, cËp nhËt c¸c th«ng tin sö dông cho viÖc chän ®−êng.

§Þa chØ hãa logic cho c¸c nót trªn liªn m¹ng

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

TÇng giao vËnThùc hiÖn truyÒn d÷ liÖu gi÷a hai ®Çu cuèi (end-to-end)

KiÓm so¸t lçi vµ ®iÒu khiÓn luång d÷ liÖu gi÷a hai ®Çu cuèi

C¾t/hîp c¸c ®o¹n d÷ liÖu khi ®iÒu khiÓn luång.

Thùc hiÖn ghÐp/ph©n kªnh cho c¸c luång th«ng tin dÞch vô

Page 6: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

6

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

TÇng phiªn

Cung cÊp ph−¬ng tiÖn qu¶n lý truyÒn th«ng gi÷ac¸c øng dông

ThiÕt lËp, duy tr×, ®ång bé ho¸ vµ huû bá c¸c phiªn truyÒn th«ng gi÷a c¸c øng dông.

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

TÇng tr×nh diÔn

ChuyÓn ®æi có ph¸p d÷ liÖu ®Ó ®¸p øng yªu cÇutruyÒn d÷ liÖu cña c¸c øng dông qua m«i tr−êngOSI

Cung cÊp mét biÓu diÔn dïng chung trong truyÒnth«ng vµ cho phÐp chuyÓn ®æi tõ biÓu diÔn côc bésang biÓu diÔn ®ã (m· hãa th«ng tin, m· hãa nÐn, m· hãa b¶o mËt vµ x¸c thùc...)

Page 7: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

7

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

TÇng øng dôngLµ tÇng cao nhÊt cña m« h×nh OSI vµ tiÕp xóc trùc tiÕp víi ng−êi sö dông.

Cung cÊp c¸c ph−¬ng tiÖn (giao diÖn t−¬ng t¸c) ®Ó ng−êi dïng cã thÓ truy xuÊt vµo hÖ thèng ES.

Cung cÊp c¸c dÞch vô th«ng tin ph©n t¸n

Cung cÊp giao diÖn lËp tr×nh øng dông (API)

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

Rót gän chøc n¨ng c¸c tÇng

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

NetworkApplications

End-to-EndServices

Data Transmission

Routing

Page 8: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

8

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

Peer-to-peer communications

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

§ãng/më gãi tin trong m« h×nh OSI

Page 9: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

9

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

Kh¸i niÖm giao thøc (Protocol)

Hi

HiGot thetime?2:00

TCP connectionreq.

TCP connectionreply.

<file>time

Get http://www.hut.edu.vn/index.htm

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06 Giao thức mạngGiao thức điều khiển toàn bộ quá trình trao đổi thông tin bao gồm:

• Kết nối vật lý được xây dựng thế nào• Các máy tính kết nối tới mạng ra sao• Dữ liệu có định dạng thế nào khi truyền• Cách thức truyền dữ liệu• Xử lý lỗi khi truyền thế nào

Ví dụ về một số tổ chức đưa ra giao thức mạng• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), • American National Standards Institute (ANSI), • Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), • Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) • International Telecommunications Union (ITU), formerly known as the

Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique(CCITT).

Page 10: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

10

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

§Þnh nghÜa giao thøc (Protocol)

§Ó c¸c m¸y tÝnh trªn m¹ng cã thÓ trao ®æi th«ngtin víi nhau cÇn cã nh÷ng phÇn mÒm lµm viÖctheo mét quy ®Þnh chuÈn nµo ®ã. Giao thøc(protocol) lµ tËp quy t¾c quy ®Þnh ph−¬ng thøctruyÒn nhËn/th«ng tin gi÷a c¸c m¸y tÝnh trªnm¹ng.B¶n chÊt giao thøc ?.

Ph−¬ng ph¸p t×m hiÓu 1 giao thøc ?.

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

B¶n chÊt giao thøc

Page 11: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

11

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

Giíi thiÖu Hä giao thøc TCP/IPVµo cuèi nh÷ng n¨m 1960, Trung t©m nghiªn cøu cÊp cao(Advanced Research Projects Agency - ARPA) thuéc béquèc phßng MÜ (Department of Defense - DoD) ®−îc giaotr¸ch nhiÖm ph¸t triÓn m¹ng ARPANET bao gåm m¹ng cña nh÷ng tæ chøc qu©n ®éi, c¸c tr−êng ®¹i häc vµ c¸c tæchøc nghiªn cøu vµ ®−îc dïng ®Ó hç trî cho nh÷ng dù ¸n nghiªn cøu khoa häc vµ qu©n ®éi§Çu nh÷ng n¨m 1980, mét hä giao thøc míi ®−îc ®−a ralµm giao thøc chuÈn cho m¹ng ARPANET vµ c¸c m¹ng cña DoD mang tªn DARPA Internet protocol suit, th−êng®−îc gäi lµ hä giao thøc TCP/IP hay cßn gäi t¾t lµ TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

KiÕn tróc hä giao thøc TCP/IP

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Application

Transport

Internet

Network Interface

OSI Reference Model

6

5

4

3

Ethernet, 802.3, 802.5, FDDI, and so on.

TCP/IP Conceptual Layers

Page 12: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

12

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

PRojECT IEEE 802.x

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

truyÒn tin trªn m« h×nh TCP/IP

Page 13: MoHinhOSIVaGiaoThuc

13

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

§ãng gãi tin trong TCP/IP

Network Header

SegmentHeader

FrameTrailerData

SegmentHeader Data

Data

FrameHeader

NetworkHeader

SegmentHeader Data

0111111010101100010101101010110001

E-mail message

Data Stream

Segment

DatagramFrame (medium dependent)

Bits

Hanoi University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications

19/05/06

Application Header + data

Data Encapsulation Example

010010100100100100111010010001101000…

Application Layer

Layer 4: Transport Layer

Layer 3: Network Layer

Layer 2: Network Layer

Layer 1: Physical Layer