STANDARD 6NOTES/DISCUSS 10 .1SURFACE AREA LAB

Monday, Jan. 6

Seating Chart (change=referral)

Nathan McCown

Ashley Schlemmer

HaleyHickert

Justus Warner

Tracie McCleese

JeffreyFinicle

Devin Holmes

Quentin Pier

ClayHinrichsen

KaitlinPartenheimer

Nic Cisneros

Nicole Ward

Taylor Castle DavidSiler

WyattHelfin

Alex Harmon

Cell Growth

When living things grow, what happens to it’s cells? Does an organism get larger because each cell

increases in size or because it produces more of them????

Stem Cell

Limits to Cell Size

Most cells divide after growing to a certain point Why???

Information “overload” Larger cell would make greater demands on genetic

“library” (DNA) DNA would no longer be able to serve the needs of the

growing cell- build a new “library”Exchanging materials

A decrease in the relative amount of cell membrane available (surface area) creates serious problems

Surface area to volume ratio in cells

Not enough substances getting in cellNot enough waste getting out of cellHeat build up in cell

Cell division

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells Cell replicates all of its DNA first Reduces cell volume, increases ratio of SA to V=

efficient exchange of materials

Cell reproduction

Asexual Genetically identical From a single parent Simple, efficient, effective

Sexual Inherit some genetic info from TWO parents Creates genetic diversity

Sexual Asexual

Requires more time- find mate, growth ad development

Can be advantage due to seasonal changes, food availability

Genetic diversity- equipped for change in environment

Survival strategy for single-celled organisms

Faster they reproduce the better their chance of survival

Lack of genetic diversity is a disadvantage- not equipped for change in environment

Comparison

READING QUIZ 10 .1NOTES/DISCUSS 10 .2ONION ROOT TIP LAB

HW: MITOSIS WORKSHEET

Tuesday, Jan. 7

Chromosomes

What if a cell were simply split in two?? DNA needs to be replicated first; cell can’t function

with ½ of it’s DNAGenetic info is bundled into packages of DNA

known as chromosomes.Chromatin= DNA+protein, uncoiled chromosomes

Chromosome= supercoiled chromatin

Prokaryotic Chromo Eukaryotic Chromo

Single chromoCircularIn cytoplasm- no

nucleus

Multiple chromosHistones- protein that

DNA coils aroundMake it possible to

separate DNA precisely during cell division

Compare

The Cell Cycle

Cells grow, prepare for division, and divide to form two daughter cells

Prokaryotic cell cycle Eukaryotic cell cycle

Binary fission- single-celled produces two genetically identical organisms

Four phases: G1, S, G2, and M.

Compare

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

G1 phase: cell growth Increase in size, synthesize new proteins and organelles “G” stands for “gap”

S phase: DNA replication “S” stands for “synthesis” New DNA is synthesized when DNA replicates At end of S phase, cell has double the DNA

G2 phase: preparation for mitosis Shortest phase Organelles and molecules needed for cell division are produced

M phase: Cell division Produces two daughter cells Involves two processes: mitosis and cytokinesis M for “mitosis” Takes place quickly

Interphase

Mitosis (P-MAT)

Prophase Genetic material condenses, becomes visible Spindle fibers form outside nucleus Nucleolus disappears and nuclear membrane breaks down

Metaphase Centromeres line up in center of nucleus Spindle fibers connect to centromere

Anaphase Chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to

opposite ends of cell (poles)Telophase

The chromos go back to being spread out (chromatin) Nuclear membrane and nucleolus re-form in each daughter cell

Cytokinesis

Ends M phaseDivision of the cytoplasmOccurs at same point in time as telophaseIn plants:

Cell plate develops between two nuclei Cell plate gradually becomes cell membrane, the cell

wall formedIn animals:

Cell membrane drawn inward “pinches” into two equal parts

COLLECT MITOSIS HWINTRODUCE STOP-ACTION FILM

Wednesday, Jan. 8

iPhoto (on launch pad)

Take 10 separate images of an object, moving it an inch farther for each new photo

CREATE STORYBOARD(USE RUBRIC)

Thursday, Jan. 9

FINISH STORYBOARDBEGIN CREATING “SCENES”

Friday, Jan. 10