monitoring report 2015 - ensuring food security for all...

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National Food Policy Plan of Action and Country Investment Plan

Monitoring Report 2015

June 2015

Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) Ministry of Food

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

This document is the result of a joint effort by the:

Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Ministry of Finance (Finance Division and Economic Relations Division) Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Ministry of Food Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Industries Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives (LG Division and RDC Division) Ministry of Planning (Planning Commission, Statistics and Informatics Division and IMED) Ministry of Primary and Mass Education Ministry of Social Welfare Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Women and Children Affairs

Coordinated by the

Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU)

Ministry of Food

with technical support from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

ISBN

Published by FPMU, Ministry of Food. For copies/update on the Monitoring Report please contact: DG,

FPMU – Khaddya Bhaban, 16 Abdul Ghani Road, Dhaka-1000; [email protected]

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Foreword

The Government of Bangladesh is committed to ensure food and nutrition security for its people, especially the most vulnerable groups of mothers and young children- through a comprehensive approach to food availability, access and utilisation for nutrition. To this effect, the Government adopted a comprehensive National Food Policy (NFP, 2006), its Plan of Action (PoA, 2008-2015) and investments specified in a multi-billion dollar Country Investment Plan for Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition (CIP, 2011-2015) that is consistent with the Sixth Five Year Plan, Vision 2021 and the Millennium Development Goals. Both NFP PoA and CIP provide a result framework and a prioritized investment plan for coordinated interventions up to 2015.

This report is the fifth in the annual series that jointly monitors progress towards the NFP targets. The preparation of the report was led and facilitated by the Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) of the Ministry of Food, in collaboration with 17 partner ministries and departments, with technical assistance from FAO and financial support from USAID and EU. The report drew on 23 inter-ministerial meetings. Drafts were reviewed by the Food Policy Working Group and in a stakeholder consultation composed of the Government, development partners, private sector and civil society. The National Committee thereafter discussed and endorsed the report.

The Monitoring Report 2015 shows that food and nutrition security for national well-being is a top priority at the highest level of the Government and amongst development partners. With the available resources for interventions having grown substantially, the challenge is to ensure effective delivery of programmes in line with the increased resources. The CIP budget is now at 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion USD is already financed – as a result of the mobilization of additional 5.4 billion USD since June 2011, of which approximately 918 million USD is mobilized in 2013/14. The Government financed 5.6 billion USD (64%) and development partners financed 3.2 billion USD (36%).

Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in reducing child undernutrition since the mid 1990s, but the same has not adequately translated in the reduction of population undernourishment. Underweight declined from 41 percent in 2007 to 32.6 percent in 2014. Similarly, chronic malnutrition (stunting) shows substantial decline by a third from 54.6 percent in 1997 to 36.1 percent in 2014. The improvement recorded in underweight and stunting is in line with the MDG and national targets, but remains at a level of public health concern. The recent decline in exclusive breastfeeding among children less than 6 months needs to be addressed through concerted strategies to achieve sustainable gains. Households in Bangladesh are gradually changing their diets with a larger share of calories coming from vegetables, fruits and animal-products; complementary feeding is also showing slight improvement.

The report identifies encouraging developments in food production diversification in a context of steady growth in rice production and remarkable progress in aquaculture. The report outlines the need for mainstreaming nutrition beyond the health sector, points to sustained increase in purchasing power, decline in poverty, especially in urban areas, and efforts to expand public food grain storage capacity. Besides, there is need for implementation of the national Social Protection Strategy with attention to its impact on food security and nutrition. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority needs to coordinate overall food safety management and guide the implementation of the Food Safety Act 2013. Commitments to the Rome Declaration and Framework for Action of the Second International Conference on Nutrition need to be followed up, leveraging food systems for sustainable diets and nutrition. On-going efforts to scale up national nutrition services should be further sustained.

I expect this report to stimulate strategic and informed decision making and enhance delivery on food and nutrition security outcomes in Bangladesh. Dhaka, 2 June 2015

Advocate Md Qamrul Islam MP Minister

Ministry of Food

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Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................. i Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... iv Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. ix 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 2. Approach to monitoring ...............................................................................................................3 3. Progress towards NFP goals and outcomes ...................................................................................9

3.1. NFP goals .............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2. NFP Objective 1 outcomes ................................................................................................................. 13 3.3. NFP Objective 2 outcomes ................................................................................................................. 18 3.4. NFP Objective 3 outcomes ................................................................................................................. 23

4. Availability: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs.............................................................. 33 4.1. Programme 1: Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension ................................................................................................................................................... 33 4.2. Programme 2: Improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes ................ 41 4.3. Programme 3: Improved quality of input and soil fertility ................................................................. 46 4.4. Programme 4: Fisheries and aquaculture development .................................................................... 51 4.5. Programme 5: Livestock development with focus on poultry and dairy production......................... 56

5. Access: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs..................................................................... 63 5.1. Programme 6: Improved access to markets, value-addition in agriculture, and non-farm incomes ..................................................................................................................................................... 63 5.2. Programme 7: Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of the NFP and CIP actions ....................................................................................................................................................... 70 5.3. Programme 8: Enhanced public food management system .............................................................. 77 5.4. Programme 9: Institutional development and capacity development for more effective safety nets ............................................................................................................................................................ 83

6. Utilization: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs ............................................................... 93 6.1. Programme 10: Community based nutrition programmes and services ........................................... 93 6.2. Programme 11: Orienting food and nutrition programmes through data ....................................... 102 6.3. Programme 12: Food safety and quality improvement ................................................................... 110

7. Food Security and CIP financing ................................................................................................ 117 7.1. Budgets of key NFP partner ministries and space for food security ................................................ 117 7.2. CIP financing: timeframe and data processing ................................................................................. 119 7.3. CIP Budget evolution ........................................................................................................................ 120 CIP financing beyond June 2015.............................................................................................................. 127 7.4. Development partners' reporting on contribution to CIP ................................................................ 128 7.5. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 130

8. Overall assessment and recommendations ............................................................................... 133 8.1. Overall assessment ........................................................................................................................... 133 8.2. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 135

Annexes ........................................................................................................................................... 139 Annex 1. Comparison of the CIP and PoA output monitoring indicators ................................................ 140 Annex 2. Composition of Thematic Teams .............................................................................................. 146 Annex 3. Actual and planned expenditures (in billion taka) of key partner ministries and divisions ..... 147 Annex 4. Cost and financing of the CIP ................................................................................................... 148 Annex 4.1: CIP 2015 budget vs. previous year and baseline ................................................................... 148 Annex 4.2: Number and average budget of projects in CIP 2015 by sub-programme............................ 149 Annex 4.3: CIP budget 2015 and delivery in fiscal year 2013/14 by sub-programme ............................ 152 Annex 4.4: Ongoing and completed CIP projects as of June 2014 .......................................................... 157 Annex 4.5: Projects in the CIP pipeline as of June 2014 .......................................................................... 212 Annex 4.6: Development partners’ contribution and commitments in the CIP 2015 ............................ 229

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Acronyms ADP Annual Development Programme AIS Agriculture Information Service ANC Antenatal Care ARMIS Agricultural Research Management Information System AoI Area of Intervention A4NH Agriculture for Nutrition and Health BADC Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council BARI Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute BAU Bangladesh Agricultural University BBF Bangladesh Breastfeeding Foundation BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BCC Behavioural Change Communication BCSIR Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research BDHS Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey BFRI Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute BFSA Bangladesh Food Safety Authority BIDS Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies BINA Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BIRDEM Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and

Metabolic Disorders BJRI Bangladesh Jute Research Institute BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute BMDA Barendra Multipurpose Development Authorities BMI Body Mass Index BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute BSCIC Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation BSRI Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute BSTI Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institute CARE Cooperative American Relief Everywhere CARS Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences CBN Cost of Basic Needs CDSP Char Development and Settlement Project CED Chronic Energy Deficiency CGIAR Consultative Group of International Agricultural Research CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIG Common Interest Group CIP Country Investment Plan CF Complementary Feeding CIG Common Interest Group CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CMS Change Monitoring System CMNS Child and Mother Nutrition Survey DAE Department of Agricultural Extension DAM Department of Agricultural Marketing DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DAP Diammonium Phosphate DCI Direct Calorie Intake

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DDP Desirable Dietary Pattern DES Dietary Energy Supply DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia) DFID Department for International Development of the UK DGFP Directorate General of Family Planning DGHS Directorate General of Health Services DoF Department of Fisheries DLS Department of Livestock Services DNI Direct Nutrition Intervention DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering DP Development Partner DPP Development Project Proposal DU Dhaka University EBEK Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar EGPP Employment Generation Programme for the Poorest EEP Economic Empowerment of the Poorest EKN Embassy of the Kingdom of Netherlands EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FANTA Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance FBCCI Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry FCDB Food Composition Data Base FCT Food Composition Tables FIAC Farmers Information and Advice Centres FPMC Food Planning and Monitoring Committee FPMU Food Planning and Monitoring Unit FSNIS Food Security and Nutrition Information System FSNSP Food Security Nutritional Surveillance Programme GAFSP Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme GAIN Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition GAM Global Acute Malnutrition GED General Economic Division GHP Good Hygienic Practices GDP Gross Domestic Product GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GoB Government of Bangladesh GMP Good Manufacturing Practices GR Gratuitous Relief HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point HFSNA Household Food Security and Nutrition Assessment HIES Household Income and Expenditure Survey HKI Helen Keller International HPAI Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza HPNSDP Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Programme HYV High Yielding Variety IAHBI Integrated Agriculture and Health Based Intervention IAPP Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project IEC Information, Education and Communication IDA Iron Deficiency Anaemia ICDDR,B International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh ICN2 Second International Conference on Nutrition

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ICT Information and Communication Technology IEDCR Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IPC Integrated Phase Classification IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IFST Institute of Food Science and Technology ILO International Labour Organization IPHN Institute of Public Health Nutrition IPM Integrated Pest Management IMED Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division IMTR Internal Mid Term Review IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding kcal Kilocalorie LANSA Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia LFS Labour Force Survey LGED Local Government Engineering Department LGRDC Local Government Rural development and Cooperative MDGs Millennium Development Goals MDER Minimum Dietary Energy Requirement M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MFSFP Modern Food Storage Facilities Project MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys MIS Management Information Systems MISM Management Information System and Monitoring MMT Million Metric Ton MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoDMR Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MoF Ministry of Finance MoFood Ministry of Food MoFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock MoHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MoLGRDC Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives MoPME Ministry of Primary and Mass Education MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MoWCA Ministry of Women and Children Affairs MP Muriate of Potash MR Monitoring Report MSD Ministry of Social Development MT Metric Ton MTBF Medium Term Budgetary Framework MUCH Meeting the Undernutrition Challenge NAP National Agricultural Policy NARS National Agricultural Research System NATP National Agricultural Technology Project NC National Committee NCD Non Communicable Diseases NCHS National Centre for Health Statistics NFNSP National Food and Nutrition Security Policy NFP National Food Policy NFPCSP National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme

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NHDSBD Nutrition, Health and Demographic Survey of Bangladesh NIPORT National Institute of Population Research and Training NIS Nutrition Information System NLEP National Livestock Extension Policy NMSS National Micronutrient Status Survey NNR Naturally Nutrient Rich NNS National Nutrition Services NPGRI National Plant Genetic Resources Institute NGOs Non Governmental Organizations NNS National Nutrition Services NRPC National River Protection Commission NSPCMD National Strategy on Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies NSP National Seed Policy NSPS National Social Protection Strategy NSSA National Social Security Agency NWRD National Water Resource Database OMS Open Market Sales OP Operational Plan ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy ORS Oral Rehydration Solution PFDS Public Food Distribution System PKSF Palli Karmo Sahayok Foundation PoA Plan of Action PoU Prevalence of Undernourishment RAE Retinol Activity Equivalents RAP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific RDCD Rural Development and Cooperatives Division REACH Renewed Efforts Against Child Hunger REOPA Rural Employment Opportunities for Public Assets RNA Rural Nonfarm Activities SAAO Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAM Severe Acute Malnutrition SCA Seed Certification Agency SCDC Supply Chain Development Component SDC Swiss Development Cooperation SED Sustainable Energy for Development SFDF Small Farmers Development Foundation SFYP Sixth Five Year Plan SHIREE Stimulating Household Improvements Resulting in Economic Empowerment SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound SME Small and Medium Enterprises SPS Social Protection System SPEMP Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Programme SRDI Soil Resource Development Institute SSN Social Safety Nets SUN Scaling Up Nutrition SWAPNO Strengthening Women’s Ability for Productive New Opportunities TR Test Relief

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TSP Triple Super Phosphate TTs Thematic Teams TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training UESD Utilization of Essential Service Delivery UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar USG Urea Super Granule VDO Village Development Organisation VGD Vulnerable Group Development VGF Vulnerable Group Feeding WARPO Water Resources Planning Organisation WDB Water Development Board WFP World Food Programme WHA World Health Assembly WHO World Health Organization

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Executive summary

The National Food Policy (NFP) provides strategic guidance for achieving food and nutrition security. The NFP Plan of Action (PoA) translates this into 26 Areas of Intervention (AoI) for the period 2008 to 2015. The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan: A Road Map towards Investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition (CIP) identifies 12 investment programmes to ensure implementation of the PoA. Implementation mechanisms and responsibilities across Government ministries are specified in the NFP PoA Section I.4 and Part II, respectively.

Progress towards NFP goals The overarching goal of the National Food Policy is “to ensure dependable food security for all people of the country at all times”. Undernourishment, child underweight and child stunting indicators measure progress towards the NFP goal. These three nutrition relevant indicators are complemented with the Sixth Five Year Plan (SFYP) related indicators and are consistent with other national development targets such as MDGs. The monitoring of progress towards NFP goals serves as a useful reference for the preparation of the currently ongoing Seventh Five Year Plan (7FYP).

While the MDG-1 target for reducing undernourishment was achieved in early 2000s, the declines thereafter have been uneven and started to rise slightly in the last 3-4 years. The indicator slightly worsened for the fourth consecutive year reaching 16.7% in 2013/14 from 16.3% in 2012/13, showing a deterioration of undernourishment, but notably lower than the MDG target, 17%.

The MDG-1 child underweight goal is to halve rates of child underweight from 66% in 1990 to 33% by 2015. Child underweight and stunting declined both since the 2007/08 baselines: as of 2013/14, the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) estimates child underweight at 32.6% and child stunting at 36.1%. An average reduction in underweight of around 1.7 percentage points per year since 2007/08 allowed to reach sustained improvements and to reach the 2015 target. As regards child stunting which reflects chronic malnutrition, a sustained decline has been noted from 43.0% in 2004 to 36.1% in 2014.

Of the four Food Security indicators included in the Results Framework of the SFYP, agricultural GDP growth bounced from 2.17% in 2012/13 to 4.3% in 2013/14, reaching the target. Notably, Government spending on social protection as a share of GDP slightly increased up to 2.26% in 2013/14, though remaining below the 2015 target of 3%. Available data on poverty show a decline from 40% in 2005 to 32% in 2010 (8 percentage points), a level closer to the MDG target (29%). National rice wage - a measure of purchasing power of the wage earners - accelerated from 5.8% to 9.7% during the period 2012/13-2013/14, which was above the target. This implies that access to staple food improved remarkably during the period.

Progress towards NFP outcomes Availability: Agricultural GDP (excluding forestry) growth increased by 2.1 percentage points to reach 4.3% in 2013/14, mainly due to increased rice, animal and fish production. Rice import dependency, measured as an average for the period 2011/12-2013/14, has consequently dropped to 1% from 2.3% registered in 2012/13. Instability of rice production

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remained unchanged in 2013/14 from its lowest level of 2.9% registered in 2012/13, mainly due to the stability in rice production throughout all seasons. In 2013/14, price of rice was more stable than in the previous year although remained on an increasing trend, while wheat price has been decreasing and remained more volatile over the same period. Although the agricultural trade deficit rose to 6.9 billion USD in 2011, fishery exports improved.

Recommendations for further actions in this area include the need to:

Implement the National Agricultural Policy 2013; Promote intensification of rice production; Sustain expansion of mechanization; Provide more incentives for agro-processing industry; Preserve forest resources for environmental protection; Strengthen adaptation to climate change impacts.

Access: Change in the daily rice wage of all wage earners accelerated in 2013/14 to 9.7% from 5.8% in 2012/13 continuing on its increasing trend. In 2013/14, agricultural daily wage corresponded to 8.9 kg of rice/day and followed a volatile decreasing trend since June 2012. Income poverty declined faster during 2000-2010 period compared to the previous decade. The Planning Commission projections place headcount poverty rate down by 6.5 percentage points, to 25% in 2015 when compared to 2010, assuming constant inequality. The intake of calories lower than 2,122 kcal/cap/day reduced from 44% in 2000 to 38% in 2010. Food inflation remained above general inflation between June 2012 and June 2013. In May 2014, food inflation registered 9% compared to 5.6% for non-food inflation.


Strengthen the right to food; Promote rural non-farm employment; Improve income distribution; Strengthen emergency food distribution system in alignment with NSPS; Improve food access in disadvantaged areas; [Stabilize food prices.

Utilisation: The share of dietary energy supply and intake from cereals has declined very slowly in recent years, following a long term trend continuing since the 1990s, and remained above the recommended targets of 60%. Dietary diversity for women improved between 2011 and 2013 especially in urban areas; however, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions lag behind. Chronic energy deficiency (CED, BMI<18.5) among women declined to 17% in 2013/14, from 23% in 2011/12. On the contrary, the proportion of overweight (BMI>23) increased to 39% in 2013/14 from 30% in 2011/12. The proportion of children 6 to 23 months fed a minimum acceptable diet improved to 23% in 2014 compared to 21% in 2011. Iodized salt consumption reduced from 82% in 2011 to 80% in 2013. Prevention and control of iron deficiency anaemia improved in recent years; in 2011, 33% of preschool children were affected by anaemia.


Accelerate nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific actions; Improve nutrition through agriculture and food systems; Promote dietary diversity and nutrition;

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Expedite implementation of NNS activities including complementary feeding; Accelerate implementation of prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases

(NCDs); Strengthen food safety and quality activities under BFSA; Ensure full coverage of access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene; Enhance fortification and bio-fortification initiatives; Conduct new national nutrition survey.

Output monitoring: CIP programmes and associated NFP PoA Areas of Intervention Research and extension: Release of new varieties increased in 2013/14, especially for rice, vegetables and oilseeds. The number of farmers trained on sustainable agricultural practices increased for two consecutive years. In 2013/14, the share of rice area in total cropped area further declined to 74.8% from 76% in the previous year, falling stably for the third consecutive year below the level recorded in 2008/09. Productivity increased while area planted continued its slow decline. In 2013/14, rice production increased by 1.6%; while it had previously slightly declined by 0.2% in 2012/13, for the first time since 2005/06. Production of maize, vegetables, potato and wheat improved. In particular, maize production boosted (41%) due to favourable market conditions, in particular due to robust sectoral feedstock demand from poultry, livestock and fishery sectors. Signs of crop diversification continued in 2013/14.


Sustain nutrition oriented agricultural research; Improve the Agricultural Research Management Information System; Facilitate ‘vertical’ integration between agricultural research, universities, and

extension service providers; Establish ‘horizontal’ integration between extension service providers to support

demand-led technology transfers; Mainstream the use of modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT); Establish a database of extension projects.

Water management and irrigation: The crop area under irrigation continued expanding throughout the reference period, up to 48% in 2013/14, whilst the contribution of surface water remained stable at 21%. Groundwater table in northern districts deepened to eight meters in 2014 from six meters in 2013. The share of irrigation in boro production cost reduced.


Ensure sustainable use of groundwater; Improve irrigation efficiency and water productivity; Enhance availability and use of surface water; Enrich and update a data bank on water resources; Use arsenic free groundwater for irrigation and domestic purposes; Develop effective flood control and river erosion measures; Reduce salinity in coastal areas.

Inputs and soil fertility: Supply of improved seed as a percentage of agronomic requirements reduced in 2013/14 over 2012/13 for all commodities, except vegetables. Seed quality

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remains an issue. Fertilizer prices remained unchanged, while urea price was reduced from 20 to 16 taka/Kg over the period 2012/13-2013/14.


Produce quality seed and improve distribution; Reduce nitrogen loss through increased use of USG and reap higher yield; Promote IPM and use of quality agrochemicals.

Fisheries and aquaculture: The share of fisheries value added in agricultural GDP (excluding forest) increased for the third consecutive year, growing by 0.5 percentage points in 2013/14, and reaching over a fourth of total agricultural value added. This represents an encouraging sign of diversification to improve diets and impact nutrition. Fish production grew at 4.3% in 2013/14. Shrimp production accelerated in 2013/14, registering an increase of 3.4% over 2012/13. Fingerling production showed some improvements (0.1%) after a sharp decline (10%), over the same period. While the share of fisheries in total exports marginally improved to 2.3% in 2013/14 from 2% in 2012/13, its share in total export halved from 4% in 2007/08 to 2% in 2012/13.


Enhance pond productivity; Reduce yield gap; Improve fishing habitat for Hilsha and other species; Develop low cost feed and feed industry; Explore export potential of Pangas and Tilapia; Develop crab seed hatchery.

Livestock development: Livestock sectoral growth rate registered a 3%, while its share in agricultural GDP slightly reduced to 12.1% in 2013/14 from 12.3% in 2012/13. Milk, meat and egg production increased by 36%, 40% and 34% respectively in 2013/14. Artificial insemination decelerated by 4.5 percentage points in 2012/13 to 3% in 2013/14. Poultry deaths became insignificant.


Boost productivity through crossbreeding and selection; Promote dairy processing technologies; Sustain school milk programmes for better nutrition while supporting dairy farmers; Improve quantity and quality of feed and fodder; Sustain value addition in producing hides, skin, horn and bone; Support biogas production.

Access to markets and value addition: The differences between farm gate and retail prices increased between 2012/13 and 2013/14, for all products under consideration (coarse rice, onions, potatoes, and brinjals), excluding lentil. The price mark-up for fertilizers remained stable for TSP, MP, and Urea respectively at 10%, 15%, and 14%. Wage differential between males and females in agriculture declined to 30% in 2013/14 from 40% registered for the preceding two years. The provisional real GDP growth rate of small scale manufacturing decelerated to 7% in 2013/14 from 9% in 2012/13. The number of students enrolled in TVET institutions marginally decreased in 2013/14, after a steady increase over the previous four years.

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Improve physical access to markets; Reduce wastage and quality loss of food products; Further reduce wage difference between men and women; Strengthen support to agro-processing; Promote employment generation through micro-enterprise development; Enhance skill development, particularly for women and disabled; Improve information system through use of IT services.

Implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP: During 2013/14, an additional 918 million USD were mobilized in projects previously in pipeline or newly identified. This figure compares to 969 million USD for 2012/13, with a two years slowdown of funds mobilization by 952 million USD since 2011/12. The coming end of the CIP explains this decreasing trend: financial allocations to new projects largely fall beyond June 2015 and are therefore not accounted under the CIP financing. Twenty-six projects (new or previously in pipeline) were newly implemented in 2013/14, valued at 435 million USD, out of a total additional financing of 940 million USD. From 1st July 2011 to 30th June 2014, a total of 4,760 million USD was disbursed, representing 54% of total financed budget of 8,789 million USD (for both ongoing and completed projects) for CIP 2015.


Formulate the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP), Plan of Action, and the new Country Investment Plan;

Mainstream capacity development components in the new NFNSP, PoA, and the new CIP;

Expedite provision of additional FPMU staff; Strengthen implementation capacity and accelerate operations.

Public food management: Effective foodgrain storage capacity expanded by 6% to reach 1.8 million tons during the period 2012/13-2013/14. This is in line with the trend of increased capacity since 2007/08 food price crisis. The Government’s objective is to cope with both market price volatility and natural disasters which are expected to occur more frequently as a result of climate change. Utilization of storage capacity fluctuated on an increasing trend from 38% in 2007/08 to 60% in 2013/14. The actual boro procurement increased by 0.25 million MT to 1.06 million MT in 2013/14. In 2014 boro procurement season, and for a second consecutive year, the average wholesale price of coarse rice continued to remain above the average cost of production.


Strengthen capacities to manage PFDS through training and technological adoptions; Boost public procurement system’s effectiveness through applied research; Plan PFDS operations consistently with NSPS and emergency response needs.

Effective safety nets: The share of social safety net (SSN) spending in GDP declined in 2013/14 to 1.61% from 1.68% in 2012/13. However, the share of social empowerment spending in GDP increased to 0.65% over the same period. The budgeted coverage of Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) decreased to 65 lakh persons in 2013/14 from 85 lakh persons in 2012/13, following steadily decreasing trend from 366.7 lakh persons in 2009/10.

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However, the quantity of food distributed under VGF and Gratuitous Relief (GR) increased by 58%, reaching 0.48 MMT in 2013/14 from 0.3 MMT in 2012/13, probably due to the necessity of quicker stock rotation in a year of higher procurement. In 2013/14, the budgeted coverage of EGPP increased to 4.9 million from 4.2 million person months from 2012/13, and for the first time registered a level higher than 2009/10.


Prioritize and target the implementation of National Social Protection Strategy; Integrate and expand market-driven initiatives and community participation in SSN

programmes; Establish a single registry management information system (MIS); Adapt cash and food transfers coherently with the food stock management strategy; Explore the preparation of a roadmap for fortified rice.

Community-based nutrition: BDHS estimates showed a marked increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding from 43% in 1993 to 64% in 2011, with a slight fall to 59.7% in 2013, with present rates showing a further drop to 55.3%. Moreover, complementary feeding has slightly improved since 2011. In 2013/14, poor households raising home gardening and backyard poultry has continued increasing for two consecutive years to 46% from 45% in 2012/13, and 42% in 2011/12. Protein and fat supply from animal foods is lower than recommendations. Disaggregated adult consumption units show that in age group 18-29.9 years males are getting 2,594 Kcal while females of the same age group get about 2049 Kcal pointing to gender differences in energy intake. Global acute malnutrition reduced from 16% in 2011 to 14.3% in 2014, and severe acute malnutrition from 4% to 3.1%. Women having at least 4 antenatal care visits increased to 31.2% in 2014. A draft national micronutrient strategy, led by IPHN, MoHFW awaits approval. National legislation on food fortification is being established. The National Vitamin A Plus campaign, done twice a year, covers 97% of under-five children; and iron folate supplementation is provided through the family planning facilities.


Scale-up nutrition sensitive strategies in fisheries, livestock and women sectors; Improve facility and community based support to caregivers; Strengthen food fortification initiatives; Increase commitment in line with global nutrition initiatives; Follow-up ICN2 declaration and framework for action.

Data for improved nutrition: Behaviour change communication (BCC) aim at empowering communities towards health and nutrition seeking behaviour. The number of BCC activities shows an increasing trend since 2009/10 at 635 to 800 in 2013/14. A reference for food and dietary planning using the desirable dietary pattern (DDP) has been established by BIRDEM. The DDP has proposed energy requirement for a Bangladeshi at 2,430 kcal/day. A simplified food composition database (FCDB) and FCT documentation have been published for public use. The national and regional food compositional activities are benefited from this computerized FCDB and printed FCT tables.


Improve harmonization between food security and nutrition information systems; Train users of FCT and dietary guidelines;

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Improve management capacity and coordination for nutrition.

Food safety and quality: Standardization of food items has registered limited progress, remaining at 58 in 2011/12 and 2012/13 but increased to 59 in 2013/14. The prevalence of diarrhoea declined from 10% in 2007 to 5% in 2011, and to 5.7% in 2014, although according to another national source it stayed relatively constant at 12%. Slight improvement in safe water supply was registered. The coverage of safe water supply for domestic use increased from 75% in 2002 to 97% in 2007/08, and increased slightly to 98% in 2009/10, and remained unchanged at 98% in 2011/12 and 98% in 2012/13. However, it increased to 99% in 2013/14.


Enhance awareness on food safety practices; Enhance coordination on food safety management; Formulate food safety regulations; Recruit and strengthen capacity of the food safety inspectors; Develop more food standards and ensure compliance; Designate food safety laboratories for specific analysis of foods; Reduce diarrhoeal prevalence and improve safe water supply; Strengthen healthy street food vending; Improve capacity building in value chains.

The CIP 2015: financial input monitoring CIP 2015 increased to 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion USD is already financed. Financial gap reduced to 3.9 billion USD. GoB invested 1.78 USD for each dollar spent by DPs. CIP delivery improved up to 4.8 billion USD since 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation, and represents 54% of total financed budget. This figure compares with 5.4 billion USD of additional financing. Looking at component-specific data, Access, Availability and Utilization for Nutrition delivered respectively 59%, 51% and 32% of their financed budget. Looking at the post-CIP period (after June 2015), 1.6 Billion USD is the budget already financed, distributed as follows among components: Availability (49%), Access (45%), and Utilization (6%).

The monitoring exercise In preparing the CIP Monitoring Report 2015, a results-oriented monitoring approach was adopted, coherent with existing national planning processes, namely the national MDGs and the SFYP results framework. A four-level results chain was defined whereby NFP goal is articulated into outcomes/impacts that are expected to result from outputs, which are in turn generated from inputs. Monitoring indicators have been chosen at each level, within the data available, against SMART criteria: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound. These provide targets, baselines and proxy indicators for performance.

Institutional framework for monitoring Bangladesh’s institutional structure on food security and nutrition provides coordination at different levels, including monitoring. The Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC) provides strategic orientation and establishes a high-level commitment to inter-sectoral collaboration. The National Committee (NC) is tasked with overseeing CIP implementation and monitoring processes. The Food Policy Working Group (FPWG) is the mechanism for

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coordinating collaboration at the technical and operational level through the four Thematic Teams (TTs) that execute the monitoring process. In addition to this, GoB agencies and DPs involved in programmes pertaining to the CIP provide data for CIP financial monitoring.

Lessons learned from monitoring There has been greater ownership displayed by FPMU and TTs throughout the monitoring period 2014/15. This is resulting in a sustainable process that is reflected in the production of the report. The active engagement and increased participation by FPMU and TTs in the recent years paved the way for improved validation and triangulation of the data and results with that of the Annual Development Programme (ADP) and the Implementation Report from IMED of the Planning Commission.

Gender related analysis There is a strong gender dimension to food insecurity and malnutrition in Bangladesh. Empowerment gaps for women in rural Bangladesh are found to be greatest in terms of leadership in the community and control of and access to resources. The NFP PoA and CIP monitoring provides evidence on linkages between women, food security and nutrition, pointing to positive effects of the different dimensions of female empowerment on food and nutrition security outcomes.

Synergy with Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Initiative The annual monitoring of the NFP PoA and CIP presents tracking of financial resources for nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive investments through the joint process engaging 17 partner ministries and departments. The monitoring process demonstrates accountability for tracking progress in achieving national food security and nutrition targets. Analysis on nutrition-relevant budget allocations is carried out by the TTs from the participating ministries who are involved in this annual exercise. Monitoring is carried out to the fullest extent possible through country assessments as well as data and information available from national accountability mechanisms, and as such informs the SUN Initiative. The report provides estimates of priority programmes and incremental changes in investments overall for the period 2010-2015 and comparisons of the delivery on nutrition outcomes through both nutrition specific and sensitive programmes.

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1. Introduction

The policy framework The National Food Policy (NFP) approved in August 2006 embeds three core objectives: NFP Objective 1: Adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food; NFP Objective 2: Increased purchasing power and access to food of the people; NFP Objective 3: Adequate nutrition for all individuals, especially women and children.

The overall goal of the NFP is to ensure dependable food security for all people at all times. To this end, it provides a strategic orientation to enhance the delivery on nutrition outcomes. The NFP Plan of Action (PoA) translates the provisions of the NFP into 26 strategic Areas of Intervention (AoI) to be implemented over the period 2008-2015. The PoA identifies responsible actors (governmental and non-governmental) and suggests policy targets and indicators for monitoring progress. The document also provides guidelines regarding inter-ministerial coordination, and sectoral planning and budgeting, with a view to promoting implementation effectiveness. It also outlines a strategy for monitoring progress.

The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan (CIP) is a road map toward investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition. The CIP is a five-year comprehensive investment plan from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2015 to ensure implementation of the PoA, and is organised into 12 programmes with 40 sub-programmes. It is a country-led planning, fund mobilization and alignment tool. It supports increased, effective public investment to increase and diversify food availability in a sustainable manner and improve access to food and nutrition security. The CIP only covers public investments under the Annual Development Plan of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) but it is designed in such a way to leverage investment by private sector and smallholders.

The CIP was developed in 2010 and discussed in the Bangladesh Food Security Investment Forum held in Dhaka on 26th and 27th May 2010 with the inauguration of the event by H.E. the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. It was further developed through a wider consultation process involving main stakeholders in Government, civil society and development partners that resulted in the publication of a revised version in June 2011.

The CIP is a living document: while its structure of programmes and sub-programmes remains unchanged, the number of projects and related financial resources are in continuous evolution. The monitoring exercise contributes to stock taking of this evolution, keeping the CIP budget updated, based on progress against its results’ framework and emerging needs. The CIP is anchored in the policy, programmatic and financial framework of Bangladesh as: (i) the investment arm of the National Food Policy (NFP, 2006) and its Plan of Action (NFP PoA, 2008-2015); (ii) embedded in the Sixth Five Year Plan (SFYP, 2011-2015); (iii) an advocacy and financial tool for increased resource allocation from the budget (through the Government process) and development partners (DPs).

The CIP benefited from the commitment at the national level to food security and nutrition expressed in the Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) Movement. It provides a strategic and coherent set of 12 priority investment programmes, focusing on both specific and sensitive nutrition interventions, to improve food and nutrition security in an integrated way, with a focus on the most food insecure and malnourished populations. To provide comprehensive nutrition - relevant budget allocations in line with SUN methodology, the CIP financial data are

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complemented with Health Ministry data on nutrition specific programmes and nutrition sensitive programmes for non-health sectors.

Introducing the monitoring exercise Effective monitoring enables policy makers to assess progress towards the achievements of NFP goals, objectives and sectoral targets, and to take corrective action. The GoB publishes annually a Monitoring Report to track the implementation of the NFP PoA and the CIP. To date, four monitoring reports have been published, in 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2014. The series is an established feature on the policy landscape, enjoying wide interest across GoB, DPs and other stakeholders. The 2015 issue monitors the implementation from 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2014, covering the baseline years of the CIP (2009/10) and PoA (2007/08). The annual publication consolidates, analyses and produces a rich set of information across major stakeholders of the NFP. With each annual issue, the publication is accumulating knowledge that in 2015, the final year for both the NFP PoA and the CIP, will provide an objective basis for reflection and new policy formulation. This is also the culmination of the CIP period that has paved the way for future policy reform.

The monitoring framework of the CIP is built upon the NFP PoA monitoring framework. Joint monitoring of the two documents required careful harmonisation to ensure adequate coverage and consistency. The approach designed and successfully implemented for the Monitoring Report 2012 has been successively refined in the following editions. A Roadmap for Producing the 2015 CIP and NFP PoA Monitoring Report1 was elaborated over the summer of 2014 by FAO Policy Assistance Team, in consultation with Thematic Teams (TTs) and FPMU. The document was discussed with TTs and FPMU staff during a training workshop on ‘Monitoring Food Security Framework in Bangladesh’ held in September 2014. Based on assessment of previous monitoring rounds, the workshop refined the approach, indicators and monitoring responsibilities, and enabled participants to be effectively involved in independently carrying out the monitoring. This issue additionally focuses on gender related analysis across the programmes.

About this report This report presents data and analysis on the selected indicators of goal, outcomes and outputs for 2013/14 (the monitored year) and previous years, including 2007/08 (the PoA baseline) and 2009/10 (the CIP baseline). For inputs, the report presents data and analysis on financial commitments for the period from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2015, updated as of 30th June 2014. Chapter 2 describes the approach taken to monitoring jointly the NFP PoA and CIP. Chapter 3 assesses progress towards NFP Goal and NFP Objectives related to food availability, food access and food utilisation for nutrition. Chapter 4, 5 and 6 monitor, respectively, the twelve CIP programmes contributing to food availability, food access, and food utilisation for nutrition. Each chapter assesses progress towards achievement identified in the CIP and PoA result frameworks, reviews policy developments/programmes underway, and identifies needs for further action. Chapter 7 monitors CIP financing for food and nutrition security by the GoB and DPs. Chapter 8 provides an overall assessment of progress and recommendations based on the analysis carried out. Annexes present the monitoring indicators, the composition of TTs and the full CIP database updated up to June 2014.

1 http://fpmu.gov.bd/agridrupal/content/roadmap-producing-cip-and-nfp-poa-monitoring-report-2014

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Figure 1: CIP and PoA monitoring levels

CIP results chain

GoB & DPs financial

commitments to completed

(136), ongoing (279) &

pipeline (132) projects

Sub outputs aggregate outputs

40 priority investment

areas

12 CIP programmes

3 CIP components

300 actions/ strategic

actions lines

26 POA areas of intervention

3 NFP objectives

NFP Global objectiveTo ensure

sustained food security for all people of the

country

Inputs / action levels Outputs Impacts/ Outcomes

NFP PoA results chain

2. Approach to monitoring

A results-oriented monitoring approach - coherent with the national planning process - has been adopted on the basis of a four-level results chain. The NFP goal constitutes the highest level, articulated into outcomes (second level) that are expected to result from outputs (third level), which are in turn generated from inputs (fourth level). This is shown in Figure 1 and described below:

1. The overall goal is defined in the NFP, the highest monitoring level to which the PoA and CIP contribute. Goal indicators are consistent with targets in the MDGs and SFYP results framework. Goals are broad and therefore their achievement cannot be only attributed to the PoA or the CIP, but their effective execution is expected to give a positive contribution to their achievement.

2. Outcomes correspond to the three objectives of the NFP related to food availability, food access and food utilisation. The complexity of the determinants of outcome indicators means they are not easily influenced by any single implementing agency. The CIP and the PoA share the same expected outcomes, and so a common set of indicators is used to monitor them.

3. Outputs are medium-term development results. The CIP has outputs linked to its 12 programmes, with 40 sub-outputs under these. For the PoA, its 26 AoI define the output level. Output indicators can be influenced to a large extent by implementing agencies.

4. Inputs into the CIP are the financing and financial execution of projects by the Government and development partners. Inputs into the PoA are multidimensional, flagging over 300 action lines for programmes, policy decisions and implementing actors. Both types of inputs are monitored in this report.

At each monitoring level indicators were chosen, to the extent possible given data availability, against SMART criteria. These provide targets, baselines and proxy indicators for

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performance. Minor adjustments have been made to the indicators used in earlier monitoring reports, as specified in the text below and Table 1.

Goal monitoring NFP PoA and the CIP share the same goal: “to ensure dependable food security for all people of the country at all times”. The indicators to monitor progress were specified in the CIP as a refinement and simplification of the one included in the NFP PoA. Moreover, in monitoring progress toward the goal, evidence is given to relevant indicators included in the results framework of the SFYP. One notable change done in MR 2013 that is maintained in MR 2014 and MR 2015 is to set the target for the monitored-year for the ‘Change in national wages expressed in kg of coarse rice (3-year moving average)’ using the 3-year average of real per capita GDP growth plus 0.5, rather than the practice in previous MRs of using the single year real per capita GDP growth.

Outcome monitoring The outcome level is common to both the PoA and the CIP, and so progress at this level is evaluated through a common set of indicators. Efforts were made in the MR 2012 to streamline the indicators used for monitoring the NFP PoA, and this substantially reduced the total number of indicators. Of note, the indicator ‘Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among adolescent girls’, a food utilisation indicator reported in MR 2012, has been dropped from outcome tables since MR 2013, because it was impossible to maintain a consistent and comparable time series - although the indicator is discussed in the text.

In order to gauge performance at the action level, highlights are given of recent/planned programmes or policy developments considered most representative of progress towards the achievement of the policy targets. Recommendations to accelerate progress are drawn based on the analysis.

Output monitoring As the CIP is a prioritized coverage of the AoIs in the NFP PoA, the joint monitoring of the two documents used a focused set of indicators, and complemented them with discussions in the text to ensure full monitoring of the broader remit of the PoA. The list of indicators proposed for monitoring at the output level of the CIP and NFP PoA is the result of:

1. An effort to streamline the output level indicators selected for the NFP PoA monitoring exercise in 2010;

2. An effort to reflect the thinking and consensus reached during the extensive consultations with the many stakeholders of the CIP;

3. A methodical examination of all the AoIs of the NFP PoA to ensure that the proposed indicators cover all of them.

SMART output indicators were defined for all CIP programmes that were consistent with the output indicators used in the NFP PoA Monitoring Report 2010. The CIP programmes were matched to the NFP PoA AoIs (except for CIP programme 7 which has no PoA counterpart), and this led to the inclusion of a few more indicators for the few NFP PoA AoIs judged to be inadequately monitored by the CIP indicators. Annex 1 presents the result of this exercise, showing the CIP programmes matched to AoIs of the NFP PoA with the indicators used for joint monitoring listed in the column ‘CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators’. Based on experience in MR 2014, a change was made to the output indicators in this report (Table 1).

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Table 1: Changes to output indicators in MR 2015 compared to MR 2014 CIP Programme PoA AoI MR 2014 MR 2015 Reason

8 1.10/ 1.11

Opening Stock as % of budgeted target

Actual closing stock as % of budget target

Actual closing stock for year ‘X’ (MR 2015) is equal to opening stocks for year ‘X+1’ (MR 2014). This figure compares against the budget closing target as planned by the Ministry of Food. Considering actual closing stock for year ‘X’ is a more straight forward approach compared to considering opening stock in year ‘X+1’.

CIP input monitoring The input level monitoring focuses on the financing and financial execution of the CIP. This involves:

- Updating the inventory of completed and ongoing projects relevant to the CIP - including projects started before 1st July 2010 and completed after that date, and projects started before 30th June 2015 and to be completed after that date – the two dates being the start and end dates of the CIP, respectively;

- Updating the GoB’s needs for funding of projects that are included in the pipeline; - Updating the DPs current commitments, both within and outside the CIP (i.e.

projects included or not included in the Annual Development Programme (ADP) of the Government);

- Validation of CIP financial data with projects’ data from ADP book, yearly published in April by IMED of the Ministry of Planning, tremendously improved data quality in MR 2014. The validation process has been reinforced in MR 2015 (see section 7.2);

- Sustainability of the monitoring process is reflected in MR 2014 and in the current MR 2015. The outreach of the publication expanded involving a wider audience during recent years.

The CIP is financed as part of the Government’s ADP. It is presented in this report at project, sub-programme and programme levels. The PoA includes a broader set of actions (for example subsidies and safety nets) which are not covered in the CIP. Inputs for the implementation of the PoA are provided as part of the annual budget of the Government, including both development and revenue expenditure, of relevant Ministries. For this reason this report also presents - under section 7.1 - a review of recent trends in food security and nutrition spending in the national budget.

The baseline CIP and its annual revisions are published in Annex 3.1 of this report. The monitoring exercise takes stock of the progress in implementation, and updates the CIP to ensure that it evolves as a ‘living document’2.

The institutional setting for monitoring Bangladesh has a composite institutional structure for coordinating, implementing and monitoring the NFP and the CIP (Figure 2). This includes at its top the Cabinet level Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC)3, chaired by the Food Minister and with

2 GoB (June 2011) Bangladesh Country Investment Plan – A Road Map towards Investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition p. 1. 3 The FPMC is recently reconstituted and chaired by the Minister of Food and includes the following: Ministers of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief; Secretaries of Cabinet Division, Internal Resources Division, Finance Division, Statistics and Informatics Division, Food, Women and Children Affairs, Disaster Management and Relief, Health and Family Welfare, Agriculture, and Fisheries and Livestock. Director General FPMU acts as the Member-Secretary of the Committee and FPMU provides secretarial support to the committee.

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membership of various Ministers and Secretaries. This Committee provides strategic orientation on food security issues and establishes a high-level commitment to inter-sectoral collaboration. The National Committee (NC)4 also chaired by the Food Minister is composed of the Secretaries of the various concerned divisions, Heads of Universities/Research Institutions, DPs, private sector and other Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Among other tasks, the NC oversees CIP implementation and monitoring processes. The Food Policy Working Group (FPWG)5 is the mechanism for coordinating collaboration at the technical and operational level through the four Thematic Teams (TTs)6 that carry out the monitoring process of the NFP PoA and the CIP consistently with monitoring of progress towards MDG-1.

The FPMU provides support to these institutions acting as the secretariat of the various committees and providing technical and operational support to the FPWG and TTs. In addition to this, GoB agencies involved in running programmes pertaining to the CIP (over 30) and the DPs collaborating under the Local Consultative Group for Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development provide inputs towards the financial monitoring section.

GoB’s annual monitoring of the NFP PoA and CIP provides a systematic tracking of financial resources for agriculture, food security and nutrition which encompass nutrition sensitive and nutrition specific investments being monitored through the CIP. The analysis of nutrition- relevant budget allocations, the resource utilization and progress is carried out by the thematic teams represented from 16 different ministries, departments and agencies who have been collectively involved in this exercise. A chapter on calculations and projections on financing under the CIP articulates the details. As 2015 is the culminating year for the CIP, this report providing comparative and overall estimates of incremental changes in investments and the delivery on nutrition outcomes through both nutrition specific and sensitive programmes.

Lessons from monitoring reports 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 Lessons from the previous four monitoring reports in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 inform the approach established through the monitoring process. All reports adopted a similar results-

4 The NC is chaired by the Minister of Food and includes the following: Secretaries from the Ministry of Finance (Finance and Economic Relations divisions), MoHFW, MoA, MoFL, MoWR, MoDMR, MoFood and IMED; members from the Planning Commission (General Economics Division and Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division); and the Vice Chancellor of BAU, Executive Chairman of BARC, President of FBCCI, Mission Director of USAID, Representative of FAO, Director General of BIDS, Country Director of World Bank and Chief of Party of IFPRI. 5 The FPWG is chaired by the Secretary Ministry of Food and includes representatives from the Planning Commission (General Economics Division, Socio-economic Infrastructure Division and Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Division), Ministry of Finance (Finance Division and Economic Relations Division), IMED, and FPMU-MoFood. 6 Annex 2 provides the structure and list of Ministries/agencies participating in the TTs.

Figure 2: Institutional framework

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based monitoring approach, as described above. The main difference between the 2010 and 2012 monitoring reports was that the MR 2010 monitored only the NFP PoA because the CIP had not been developed at that stage, while the MR 2012 was the first joint-monitoring of the NFP PoA and the CIP. The MR 2013, MR 2014 and MR 2015 also jointly monitor the NFP PoA and CIP.

Some lessons from previous experiences applied to this report include:

- Shortened duration of the MR production process to permit better use of its findings in the budgetary and planning process for 2015/16;

- Better defined roles, responsibilities and participation of TTs’ members from partner ministries and divisions – teamwork has proven instrumental to quality and transfer of capacities;

- Incorporation of feedback from a wider range of stakeholders, including a stakeholder consultation; and

- Rebalanced contents to make more systematic use of the financial database, thus linking the CIP investments more closely to PoA programmes, and thereby tying the assessment of inputs into the PoA to the assessment of results from the PoA.

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3. Progress towards NFP goals and outcomes

3.1. NFP goals

The overarching goal of the National Food Policy is “to ensure dependable food security for all people of the country at all times”. Food security encompasses many issues ranging from food production, food access and distribution to food utilization, nutrition and health status of individuals. Improving nutrition contributes directly to increased labour productivity, and indirectly to improved life expectancy – by reducing disease and mortality - which in turn fosters faster economic growth. Enhanced school performance, cognitive development, as well as reduction in health care related cost are other positive outcomes. The achievement of nutritional well being requires an overall improvement across the lifespan, with a focus on the most vulnerable groups such as mothers and young children, particularly in the first 1,000 days of life.

Table 2: NFP goal and SFYP indicators relating to food security

2007/08

(PoA baseline)

2009/10 (CIP/SFYP baseline)

2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Target 2015 Source

NFP & CIP Goal Undernourishment (three year average)

15.4% 15.5% 15.1% 15.7% 16.3% 16.7% 17% (MDG -1) FAO, SOFI

Underweight (0 to 59 months)7

41.00% BDHS na na 36.40%

BDHS 35.10%

UESD 32.6%

BDHS 33%8

(MDG -1) BDHS, UESD

Stunting (0 -59 months)9

43.20% BDHS na na 41.30%

BDHS 38.70%

UESD 36.1%

BDHS 38%10 BDHS, UESD

Sixth Five Year Plan

Rate of growth of agricultural GDP in constant prices11

2.94% 7.13% 4.34% 2.69% 2.17% 4.3% 4.30%

BBS Yearbook

of Agricultural

Statistics Government spending on social protection as % of GDP12

na 2.42% 2.64% 2.40% 2.23% 2.26% 3.00% Finance Division,

MoF

Poverty headcount index (CBN upper poverty line)

40.10% (2005)

31.50% (2010) na na na na 29%

(MDG-1) BBS, HIES

Report

Change in national wages expressed in kg of coarse rice (3-year moving average)

-8.11% 5.71% 7.73% 7.10% 5.84% 9.65%

≥ real GDP /cap

growth +0.5

BBS Statistical Yearbook (wages)

DAM (prices)

7 Prevalence estimates for underweight are based on the 2006 WHO reference standards. 8 The MDG-1 underweight target is based on the 2006 WHO standard. Before this was established, the NCHS standard was used in 1990 to set the MDG underweight target at 33%. The NCHS standard results in higher levels of underweight and lower levels of stunting than the WHO standard. 9 Prevalence estimates for stunting are based on the 2006 WHO reference standards. 10 Revised 2016 HPNSDP target. 11 The agricultural GDP includes crop, horticulture, fishery and animal products, but excludes forestry. 12 The definition of social protection used here includes cash and non-cash transfers, microcredit and programmes for social empowerment – and it corresponds to the broadest definition used by the Ministry of Finance, called “Social Protection and Empowerment” in budgetary reports, and corresponds to the definition used in the SFYP, pp.162-163.

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Progress towards the NFP goal is measured by three nutrition relevant indicators. The selection of these indicators is consistent with other national development targets such as the MDG and those of the Sixth Five Year Plan. The three indicators are prevalence of undernourishment, child underweight and child stunting. Reducing child underweight by half the level of 1990 is part of tracking MDG-1 until 2015, the end line of implementation of the NFP PoA and CIP.

While the MDG-1 target for prevalence of undernourishment13 (PoU) was achieved in early 2000s, the declines thereafter have been uneven and started to rise slightly in the last 3-4 years. However, the indicator slightly worsened for the fourth consecutive year reaching 16.7% in 2013/14 from 16.3% in 2012/13 (Table 2), showing a deterioration of undernourishment, but notably lower than MDG target, 17%.

The PoU does not capture individual dietary energy requirement which depends on body mass, level of physical activity and the degree of efficiency in the metabolism of food14. Moreover, quantity of food consumed needs to be estimated through food expenditures from Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) and from food balance sheets which are then converted into calorie equivalents and used in a parametric distribution of the representative individual food consumption.

While PoU represents a useful proxy for normative energy requirement standards and ensures a certain degree of cross-country comparability, it does not account for dietary quality and intake of protein and essential micronutrients. This aspect is captured by the nutritional status of an individual which is influenced by the quantity and quality of food intake, physical health as well as the result of many inter-related factors. The two age-specific indicators: child underweight (low weight-for-age) and stunting (low height-for-age) are monitored to assess the trend in child undernutrition that also reflect the nutritional status of a country. Child nutritional status (0 to 59 months) is impacted by dietary diversity, micronutrient deficiency, poor sanitation and use of unsafe water. To this end, these anthropometric indicators serve as a proxy for nutritional wellbeing of the entire population. Further, stunting in the first 24 months of life is associated with reduced stature in adulthood15.

Child underweight and stunting declined both since the 2007/08 baselines: as of 2012/13 the Utilization of Essential Service Delivery (UESD) Survey estimates child underweight at 35.1% and child stunting at 38.7%, and a further decline in child underweight to 32.6% percent and stunting to 36.1% in 2014, according to the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Underweight prevalence rates fell sharply between 1992 and 2004. Notably, the levels of underweight markedly declined from 43% in 2004 to 33% in 2014. The MDG-1 child underweight goal is to halve rates of child underweight from 66% in 1990 to 33% by 2015 and this has been met. Likewise, the HPNSDP targets for 2016 are 38% for stunting and 33% for underweight. The 2014 BDHS data show that these targets have been achieved (Table 2).

13 The PoU indicator is measured in terms of level of dietary consumption (1) that would be observed on a randomly selected individual in the population against a threshold called minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER) (2) for the same population. The indicator does not account for intra-household food allocation and is not meant to register short terms shocks or its source (such as price volatility and trade shocks). 14 Cafiero (2014), Advance in hunger measurement – Traditional FAO methods and recent innovations. 15 Stein AD et al (2010) Growth patterns in early adulthood and final attained stature: Data from vive birth cohorts from low and middle income countries. American Journal of Human Biology 22: 353-359

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As regards child stunting which reflects chronic malnutrition, a sustained decline has been noted from 54.6 percent in 1997 to 36.1 percent in 2014 (Table 3). Recent analyses16 show strong associations between household assets, large gains in parental education and child growth outcomes, notably stunting reduction. The two main drivers of change are rapid asset accumulation and large gains in parental education. Other factors likely to have influenced child nutrition include improved access to antenatal and neonatal health services, large improvements in access to toilets, piped water, and demographic change in the form of reduced fertility rates and longer birth intervals. Additionally, pro-poor multi sectoral policies that have successfully addressed many – but not all – of the multiple constraints on child growth could be responsible for the progress.

Table 3: Changes in mean child stunting prevalence rates (%), BDHS Year Total Rural Urban 1997 54.6 56.2 39.4 2000 44.7 46.6 35.0 2004 43.0 44.3 37.6 2007 43.2 45.0 36.4 2011 41.3 42.7 36.2 2014 36.1 37.9 30.8 Change 18.5 points 18.3 points 8.6 points Source: Author’s calculations

The linkage between undernourishment at population level and undernutrition at child level is the continuum that encompasses adequacy of dietary energy supply and the manifestation of growth across young children as measured by weight and height. While Bangladesh has made progress in reducing child undernutrition substantially since the mid 1990s, the same has not translated in the reduction of population undernourishment.

To monitor progress towards the NFP goal, four other indicators included in the Result Framework of the Sixth Five Year Plan (SFYP) are also discussed (Table 2). Agricultural GDP growth bounced from 2.17% in 2012/13 to 4.3% in 2013/14, which corresponds to the target. Notably, Government spending on social protection as a share of GDP slightly increased to 2.26% in 2013/14, though remaining below the 2015 target of 3% (Table 2).

Available data on poverty show a decline from 40% in 2005 to 32% in 2010 (8 percentage points), a level closer to the MDG target (29%). At divisional level, the most pronounced poverty decline was registered in Rajshahi and Khulna (30 percentage points), while the less pronounced in Dhaka division (4 percentage points). Rangpur and Barisal remain the poorest divisions. Looking at gender-specific poverty data, interestingly, female-headed households were found to be less poor than male-headed ones (Figure 3). This might be due to remittances

16 LANSA (2015). The other Asian Enigma :Explaining the rapid reduction of undernutrition in Bangladesh.

Figure 3: Upper and lower poverty line in 2005 and 2010 for male and female headed households

Source: BBS (2010)

41%

32%30%27%25%

18%22%

15%

0%

15%

30%

45%

2005 2010

Upper/Lower Poverty line

Male (upper) Female (upper)Male (lower) Female (lower)

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coming from male households members migrated (internally or overseas) to find better earning opportunities17.

National rice wage - a measure of the purchasing power of wage earners - increased from 5.8% to 9.7%, during the period 2012/13–2013/14 (Table 2), which was above the target. This implies that access to staple food improved remarkably during the period.

The agriculture sector, which represents the main source of food and nutrients, is a broad-based source of income and serves as one of the key determinants of food prices in the country. While producing more food through increasing yields is a commendable outcome, it is alone inadequate to improve the nutritional status in Bangladesh. Agriculture related interventions18 have the potential to be a strong driver for enhancing nutritional status, for instance by diversifying production aimed at improving the nutrient output of farming systems and in turn enhancing diversified food consumption and improving diets. This potential is currently far from being realized.

However, neither agricultural growth nor non-agricultural growth is sufficient to reduce child malnutrition, due to limiting non-income factors such as disease burden, inappropriate child care and related factors. A diet which is adequate in quantity (energy) and quality (nutrients) is necessary but in itself not sufficient to ensure adequate nutrition. A child weakened by ill health and disease (e.g. diarrhoea) will not absorb sufficient nutrients as an immediate level dietary intake and health status interact in a virtuous cycle. Another key dimension of nutrition is the life cycle. Growth policies need to be accompanied by strategic investments in complementary sectors (health, education, trade and transport) and targeted nutrition and health programmes that impact the human life span. In addition, even though positively correlated, improvements in nutritional status do not necessarily keep the pace of poverty reduction19.

Economic growth, averaging 6% per annum in recent years, plays an important role in improving nutritional outcomes. The process of improvement is, however, very slow, given that the impact of increase in income is only marginally reflected into improvements in child stunting20; non-income factors are essential in reducing stunting. Failing to address malnutrition has high costs in terms of higher budget outlays - especially for health but also for education sectors as malnourished children have poorer schooling outcomes - as well as loss of GDP. Annually, Bangladesh loses over 700 million USD in GDP to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, while scaling up core micronutrient interventions would cost less than 65 Million USD per year21. According to the PROFILES estimates, for each USD invested over the period 2011 – 2021, a net benefit of 6.7 USD could be generated by 202122. Another study estimates the median value of benefits as 18 times higher than the related costs of investing in stunting in Bangladesh23.

17 Talukder R. K. et al. (2014), Seventh Five Year Plan Background Paper on Food Security and Nutrition. 18 Agricultural related interventions can be either i) direct including bio-fortification, home gardening, aquaculture, small scale fisheries, poultry development, animal husbandry, and dairy development or ii) indirect such as, irrigation, watershed development, land reforms, agricultural extension, and food processing and storage (Massett E. et al. (2011), Effectiveness of agricultural interventions that aim to improve nutritional status of children: systematic review). 19 Lens E. C. and Barrett C. B. (2013), The economics and nutritional impacts of food assistance policies and programs. Food Policy, Volume 42, October 2013, Pages 151–163. 20 Svedberg P. (2004), Has the Relationship Between Child Undernutrition and Income Changed? A Cross-country Investigation. 21 UNICEF and Micronutrient Initiative (2004). Vitamin and mineral deficiency a global progress report. 22 FANTA/FHI360/MoHFW,GoB, Howlader S R et al. (2012) Investing in Nutrition Now: A Smart Start for Our Children, Our Future. Estimates of Benefits and Costs of a Comprehensive Programmefor Nutrition in Bangladesh, 2011-21. 23 Hoddinott J. et al. (2013), The Economic Rationale for Investing in Stunting Reduction. GCC Working Paper Series, GCC 13-08.

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The high cost of malnutrition for public budgets suggests there is a need to raise public attention and investment on nutrition specific and sensitive interventions, as economic growth alone is not sufficient to address malnutrition.

3.2. NFP Objective 1 outcomes

Objective 1 of the NFP is to ensure adequate and stable supply of safe and nutritious food. It is monitored through the indicators reported in Table 4. Agricultural GDP measures changes in both quantity and value of food supply. Instability of rice production gives a measurement of the magnitude of the variability in the production of national staple food, while rice import dependency defines the degree of self-sufficiency reached for rice. The share of rice value added in total food value added represents a proxy for production differentiation.

3.2.1. Assessment

Table 4: NFP Objective 1: Selected performance indicators

CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Target Source

Rate of growth of agricultural GDP in constant prices

2.94% 5.24% 2.69% 2.17% 4.3% 4.3% Yearbook of Agricultural

Statistics, BBS Rice import dependency24 4.20% 3.31% 2.37% 2.29% 0.94% 0% FPMU/MIS, BBS

Instability of rice production25 4.09% 4.07% 3.04% 2.91% 2.86% 0%

Yearbook of Agricultural

Statistics, BBS Share of rice value added in total food value added in current price

39.84% 40.29% 39.94% (R)

38.45% (R)

37.84% (P)

Decreasing over time

Yearbook of Agricultural

Statistics, BBS R: Revised; P: Provisional

Agricultural GDP growth accelerates and diversification continues In 2013/14, agricultural GDP registered a remarkable 4.3% growth, increasing from 2.17% of previous year, thus reaching the target (4.3% in 2014/15) (Table 4). The achievement of the non-crop sector largely contributed to the accelerated growth namely, fishery (6.5%), and livestock (2.8%) sectors performed largely better than the crop (1.9%) sector. These results suggest a changing pattern in the composition of agricultural GDP and diversification from crop (particularly rice) based agriculture. In particular, the growing fishery sector generated more than 25% of the agricultural value added, benefitting from a structural transformation towards an organized and market-oriented aquaculture system (see Programme 4). While diversification in production continued, it represents a big challenge especially in the northern part of the country as most northern districts and upazilas are deficit in fish, eggs, meat and milk production, while are self-sufficient for rice. Moreover, the relatively lower water endowment in the north would suggest that less water intensive crops should ideally be grown instead of rice (see programme 2).

24 It is a 3-year moving average of the ratio between (imports) and (net production + imports – export). 25 Measured by a de-trended 10-year coefficient of variation: the difference between annual production and its 10-year rolling linear trend.

14

Rice import dependency continued to decline Rice import dependency - measured as a three year moving average – dropped to 0.9% in 2013/14 from 2.3% in the previous year, continuing its steady decline from 4% registered in 2007/08 (Figure 4). This trend is in line with the rice self-sufficiency policy. While rice import remained low in 2013/14, it increased, largely driven by private imports (99%), up to nearly 375,000 MT, by more than 347,000 MT compared to 2012/13. The strong Bangladeshi Taka and high international transportation costs, which caused domestic rice price to be uncompetitive in border districts, may have contributed to this increasing trend (Figure 4)26.

Instability of rice production remained unchanged The instability of rice production27 remained substantially unchanged in 2013/14 at 2.9% compared to the previous year (Table 4). Rice production increased by around 1.5% in 2013/14 against a slight decline registered in 2012/13 (0.2%). The slight reduction in acreage (0.5%) suggests that gains in production are derived from higher yields (Figure 5). Aus production increased by 8% which sums up to aman and boro production increases by 1% each. The trend is largely pulled by boro production, which has been consistently increasing since the mid-1990s compensating for fluctuations in both aus and aman production (Figure 5).

Share of rice value added continued to decline In 2013/14, the share of rice value added in total food value added, measured at current price, decreased to a provisional 37.8% down from 38.5% registered in 2012/13. This 26 Global Information and Agricultural Network, 2014 Grain and Feed Annual Report, March 2014. 27 Rice production instability is measured by the coefficient of variation of the difference between production and rolling linear trend over a ten-year period.

Figure 4: Public and private rice imports and import dependency

Source: DG Food

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1991

-92

1993

-94

1995

-96

1997

-98

1999

-00

2001

-02

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-04

2005

-06

2007

-08

2009

-10

2011

-12

2013

-14

Impo

rt d

epen

denc

y

Thou

sand

s MT

Private Public Import Dependency

Figure 5: Rice production and its instability in Bangladesh

Source: BBS

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

1981

-82

1983

-84

1985

-86

1987

-88

1989

-90

1991

-92

1993

-94

1995

-96

1997

-98

1999

-00

2001

-02

2003

-04

2005

-06

2007

-08

2009

-10

2011

-12

2013

-14

Inst

abili

ty (%

)

Thou

sand

MT

Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4

15

suggests that diversification in production is consistently continuing over the two latest financial years, although at a slower pace than diversification in consumption (see programme 10): with reduced per capita consumption of rice and increased consumption of high value food items, such as meat, fish, milk and edible oil28.

Food grain price volatility stabilized after the 2007/08 food price crisis The food grain real prices registered a mixed trend, increasing for rice while decreasing for wheat, over 2013/14 (Figure 6). Food grain price volatility29 declined after picking during the 2007/08 food price crisis. Figure 7 shows a certain trend in the fluctuations with prices cyclically more volatile around May-June. While the overall situation in terms of price stability is encouraging, the negative impact of river erosion, localized floods, and saltwater intrusion, exacerbated by the negative effects of climate change, continue to represent a threat for agricultural production and price stability, especially in the south.

Persisting agricultural trade deficit

The trade deficit in agricultural sector accounted for 7 billion USD in 201130, and was forecasted to increase in the following years. However, encouraging results have been registered for the export of fishery products which showed an increasing trend in both quantity and value (programme 4). Bangladesh is the fourth largest producer of aquaculture products (i.e. fish, crustaceans, mollusks, etc.) in the world31. Overall, fishery commodities are the second largest export items after ready-made garments, generating around 458 million USD (shrimps accounts for more than 80%) in 2013/14. This figure compares against 360 million USD generated from export of other agricultural products, such as vegetables, tobacco, cut flowers and fruits32. Prawn 28 Agriculture Sector Development Strategy: background paper for the 7th Five Year Plan. 29 Price volatility is computed through the coefficient of variation of prices (CV): logarithm of the Standard deviation of price divided by logarithm of the mean. 30 This section is normally analysed through FAOSTAT data. However, as of May 2015, FAOSTAT data only covered 2011. 31 FAO, 2012. FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics, Aquaculture Production, 2012. (ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/stat/summary/a-4.pdf) 32 http://www.bangladesh-bank.org/econdata/bop/exp_rcpt_merchandise.php

Figure 6: Real prices of rice and wheat

Source: DAM

1,500

2,500

3,500

4,500

5,500

Taka

per

qui

ntal

Rice Wheat

Figure 7: Volatility of rice and wheat prices

Source: Calculating DAM data

0.00000

0.00002

0.00004

0.00006

0.00008

0.00010

0.00012

0.00014

Jan-

06

Jul-0

6

Jan-

07

Jul-0

7

Jan-

08

Jul-0

8

Jan-

09

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10

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Jan-

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1

Jan-

12

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2

Jan-

13

Jul-1

3

Jan-

14

Coef

ficie

nt o

f Var

ioat

ion

Rice Wheat

16

and shrimp production is of particular importance as the sector provides employment to about 1.2 million people, with 4.8 million household members depending on the sector33.

In order to support exports, markets and quality standards of importing countries need to be analyzed. However, the rapid expansion of shrimp production over the last 20 years has led to a growing concern because of resource use conflicts, adverse effect on the environment and socio-economic conditions of people in the coastal region (programme 2).

3.2.2.Issues and policy challenges

Implement the National Agricultural Policy 2013 The recently approved National Agricultural Policy (NAP, 2013) aims to ensure food and nutrition security for all and to generate employment opportunities through increased productivity, agricultural diversification and income generation. Increased crop production critically depends on key factors including good quality seeds, efficient irrigation management, the use of balanced fertilizers and timely credit availability. The public sector needs to undertake responsibility and ensure accountability of the different actors involved, by strengthening the relevant legal frameworks and its enforcement. Emphasis would need to be given to private sector participation in seed production, marketing and credit provision. To improve income opportunities and ensure food quality and food waste reduction, it is essential to develop agricultural marketing through improved infrastructure and effective food value chain ‘from the farm to the fork’. The policy also suggests establishing local level storage facilities and agro-processing industries.

The NAP promotes diversification by increasing area and production of other crops, e.g. potato, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and spices, under the crop diversification programme, which will gradually be extended. The active role of women in different nutrition sensitive agricultural interventions, e.g. homestead gardening, seed production, bee keeping, food processing and storage, needs to be sustained. Furthermore, the NAP recognized threats to the agricultural sector such as environmental hazards, deteriorating soil quality, continued reduction of arable land and water, loss of agricultural biodiversity, excessive and unbalanced use of pesticides and inadequate budgetary allocation for agricultural research. In particular, the decreasing availability of arable land and increasing degradation of soil health and fertility pose serious threats to sustainable agricultural production.

Promote intensification of rice production Bangladesh has attained self-sufficiency in rice production, resulting from stimulating production growth over the past years. However, the limited availability of land, water (exacerbated by negative effects of climate change) and male labor (due to rural-to-urban migrations) will increasingly make productivity gains more difficult to obtain. Reduction of yield gaps between potential and actual yields is essential in maintaining acceptable production growth. However, in absence of development and diffusion of extra high yield new varieties, sustaining rice self-sufficiency will be challenging. Promoting bio-fortified rice varieties production could also contribute significantly to meeting zinc requirements in the diet.

33 DoF, 2006. Shrimp Sub-strategy, Department of Fisheries, 2006. Matshya Bhaban, Ramna, Dhaka, Bangladesh, p. 48.

17

Sustain the expansion of mechanization Rapid expansion of mechanization could compensate for the shortage of key production factors, draft power and land. Farm mechanization could contribute to productivity gains, increasing input use efficiency (water, seed, fertilizer, land and labour), achieving timeliness of crop production operations and reducing post harvest loss. Selective mechanization based on traditional devices could also represent a cost-effective option. In this context, emphasis needs to be given to the collaborative role of public and private sectors in technology development and diffusion. While the NAP 2013 suggested incentivizing mechanization for instance through import tax exemption, cash incentives and support for applied research, importers still complain about heavy taxation on machineries, and little monetary incentives have been registered.

Provide more incentives for agro-processing industry Food processing including canning of fruits and vegetables, mushroom growing and drying food has considerable potential for income and value addition, provided that quality control is ensured. For realizing the full potential of their production, domestic marketing and export, the Government needs to maintain its current commitment to provide fiscal and budgetary support, and invest in manufacturing and infrastructure. Supporting food processing could stimulate cultivation of vegetables, spices and tropical fruits as key inputs for the industry.

Preserve forest resources for environmental protection The pressure on land due to expansion of crop production activities and climate change is progressively increasing and undermining forest coverage in the country, with consequent loss of biodiversity. Only around 7% of total land area is under forest coverage34. Indiscriminate harvest from the forest has been posing threat to local flora and fauna. In particular, jhum cultivation contributed to environmental degradation and to reducing reforestation outcomes in hilly areas. Out of the 250,000 hectares originally targeted for reforestation within the SFYP, only 26,000 hectares were planted in the hilly areas. Moreover, shrimp cultivation threatens mangrove forest ecosystem in the southwest, by increasing soil salinity which leads to percolation into surrounding soils, resulting in modified soil chemistry35. Forest management practice in Bangladesh moved from a production-oriented approach towards the so-called community forestry, a more people-centric model designed to support the conservation of forest resources36. The Government has amended the Social Forestry Rules (2004), making provision for private investment with improved benefit sharing mechanism37. Deforestation, loss of biodiversity and other related socio-environmental externalities need further attention in cross-sectoral policy interventions.

Strengthen the adaptation to climate change impacts While contributing only marginally to greenhouse gas emissions, Bangladesh is heavily affected by climate change impact. In the south, the country suffers from rising sea level, and consequent inundations, salinization of fresh water resources and coastal erosion. In 34 http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0350e/i0350e00.htm 35 S. I. Sohel, H. Ullah (2012). “Ecohydrology: A framework for overcoming the environmental impacts of shrimp aquaculture on the coastal zone of Bangladesh”, Ocean & Coastal Management 63 (2012) 67-78. 36 Jashimuddin M., Inoue M. (2012). “Community Forestry for Sustainable Forest Management: Experiences from Bangladesh and Policy Recommendations”. FORMATH Vol. 11 (2012): 133–166. 37 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy: Background paper for the 7FYP (2015).

18

the north, low rainfall will continue to cause drought, desertification of Barind area and inadequate ground water replenishment. Due to these factors, a large number of people are prone to displacement and seasonally food insecure. Climate change impacts negatively affect the availability of agricultural factors (e.g. water, land and soil quality), their productivity, as well as agricultural production growth rate. To this end, developing adaptation and resilience measures will be the challenge ahead and will require adequate investments38.


Objective 2 of the NFP is to increase purchasing power and access to food. The objective encompasses three broad strategies namely transitory shock management, targeted food assistance programmes and employment generating income growth. The measures to be considered in accomplishing the objective include: (1) special measures for disaster mitigation in agriculture; (2) increased supply of food through market and public distribution; (3) investment in employment generating technologies; (4) education and skill development; (5) support for expansion of rural industries; and (6) special support for women and disabled in income generating activities.

3.3.1. Assessment

Table 5: NFP Objective 2: selected performance indicators CIP/NFP PoA output proxy

indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2012/13 2013/14 Target Source

Change in national wages expressed in kg of coarse rice (3-year moving average)

-8.11% 5.71% 5.84% 9.65% 9.58% (2013/14)

BBS Statistical Yearbook for

wages and DAM wholesale

Poverty headcount index (CBN upper poverty line)

40% (2005)

31.5% (2010) na na

29% (2015 MDG1

Target 1A) HIES Reports, BBS

Extreme poverty rate (CBN lower poverty line)

25.1% (2005)

17.6% (2010) na na Na HIES Reports, BBS

Poverty gap (CBN upper poverty line)

9.0% (2005)

6.5% (2010) na na

8% (2015 MDG1

Target 1A) HIES Reports, BBS

Difference between food and general inflation (3-year moving average)

1.45% 1.36% 0.22% 0.21% maximum 0%

National Accounts Report, BBS

Rice wage increased at an increasing rate Rice wage of all wage earners showed a significant increase in 2013/14 (9.65%) compared to 2012/13 (5.84%) on a three year moving average basis, reflecting higher purchasing power of wage earners in all sectors of the economy. This was due to higher increase in the three years average of general wage index compared to the corresponding increase in the national wholesale rice price index (Table 5). This was a contrasting case with what happened in 2007/08 when the rise in price index was much higher than rise in wage index.

38 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy: Background paper for the 7FYP (2015).

19

As for sector specific changes in nominal wages, Figure 8 shows that the nominal agricultural wage increased sharply from 2002 to 2014. Although the annual average wage increased moderately between 2002 and 2009, a sharp increase was observed between 2009 and 2010. In percentage term, annual average wage increase was 115% during the later six years (2008-2014) compared to 90% increase during the former six years (2002-2008) period39. However, the monotonic increase in the nominal wage may not have represented persistent increase in the real purchasing power of agricultural workers.

Figure 9 shows that rice wage of agricultural workers had a lot of fluctuations between December 2005 and June 2014. Rice wage decreased from 5.5 Kg of rice per day in December 2005 to 4.5 Kg in June 2008. Between June 2008 and June 2009, rice wage constantly accelerated. With substantial drop in December 2010, rice wage started rising with fluctuations and reached its peak in June 2012 when agricultural workers used to get more than 11 kg of rice per day of work. From June 2012 to June 2014, agricultural rice wage virtually had a decreasing trend with a lot of fluctuations. However, 8.9 kg of rice per day of agricultural work, as was registered in June 2014, could be considered as a reasonably satisfactory level of real wage of agricultural workers. The higher nominal and real wages would provide incentives for agricultural workers to remain in agricultural work and thereby would contribute to reduce rural to urban migration.

Poverty declined to achieve the MDG-1 target With decline of poverty rate from 56.6% in 1991/92 to 31.5% in 2010, Bangladesh is considered to be on track of achieving the MDG-1 target. The decline in urban poverty from 42.8% to 21.3% during the period reflects that for urban poverty the target was already

39 It needs to be noted that annual agricultural wage contains a great deal of seasonality. Higher wages prevail during land preparation, transplanting and harvesting of the three major rice crops. In other months of cropping activities, agricultural wages remain relatively lower.

Figure 8: Change in annual average of nominal agricultural wage

Source: BBS

71 75 76 85 95109

136152

210232

268280

292*

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Taka

/day

* data as of June 2014

Figure 9: Rice wage of agricultural labourers

Source: BBS, DAM

4

6

8

10

12

Kg/d

ay

20

achieved by 2010. Over the period of last two decades, the decline in poverty was more pronounced for lower line than for upper line poverty (HIES 2010). Also, poverty declined more sharply during the 2000-2010 decade compared to the preceding decade. As for the size of population under poverty, Figure 10 indicates that while population under poverty marginally decreased from 1991/92 to 1995/96, it marginally increased in 2000 and the decline of poverty rate was faster from 2005 to 2010. According to Planning Commission projection, national head count poverty rate declined to 24.5% in 2014, against the MDG-1 target of 29% in 201540.

Regarding change in poverty based on direct calorie intake (DCI), the World Bank estimates showed that moderate (absolute) poverty rate corresponding to per capita daily calorie intake less than 2,122 kcal declined from 44.3% in 2000 to 38.4% in 201041. Thus calorie poverty declined at a much slower pace than income poverty, implying that even the poor people may be diverting proportionately a higher part of their incremental income to non-food items (within the basic need goods bundle) before reaching their (upper line) calorie threshold.

The depth of poverty, also called poverty gap, declined substantially over the past two decades. As can be seen from Table 5, poverty gap decreased from 9% in 2005 to 6.5% in 2010, against the MDG-1 target of 8% by 2015. Thus, the decline in poverty gap reached the target 5 years earlier than the terminal year of MDGs.

Poverty and food security is also measured using perception based data. Flood coping strategies among ultra-poor households were examined42 in two flood prone areas, which showed that the poor households had better food security during May and June, the months coinciding with boro rice harvest in the areas. The challenges of food security during the flooding period (July and August) improved during the time of harvest of winter rice (November and December), with provision of better employment

40 Bangladesh Country Report 2013. SAARC Development Goals. General Economics Division, Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh. June 2014. 41 World Bank (2013). Bangladesh Poverty Assessment: Assessing a Decade of Progress in Reducing Poverty 2000-1010. World Bank, Dhaka Office. June 2013. 42 Rahman, M. H. (2010). Ultra Poor Households’ Flood Coping Strategies towards Food Security in Two Flood Prone Regions. NFPCSP-FAO supported research.

Box 1: Perception based poverty of ethnic and non-ethnic households A study in Chittagong Hill Tracts region showed that around a third of both ethnic and non-ethnic households worried about their next meal. Perception based food insecurity was more severe among ethnic households compared to non-ethnic households. Sixty-two percent of the ethnic and 70% of the non-ethnic households reported that they could not afford to take balanced meals. Moreover, 31% and 50% of ethnic and non-ethnic households, respectively, relied on less expensive foods on a daily basis as a coping strategy during food shortage periods. Promoting shifting cultivation, planting of fruit orchard, strengthening market linkages and small-scale creek dams are some of the strategies that warrant policy attention. Source: Jamaluddin et al. (2010). Identifying Livelihood Patterns of Ethnic Minorities and their Coping Strategies. NFPCSP/FAO supported research.

Figure 10: Changes in the size of poor and rate of poverty

Source: BBS

56.6 50.1 48.9

40.0

31.5 41.0 35.1 34.3

25.1

17.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

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10

20

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70

1991-92 1995-96 2000 2005 2010

% o

f pop

ulat

ion

popu

latio

n in

mill

ion

Population below the upper poverty line Population below the lower poverty lineUpper poverty line Lower poverty line

21

opportunities for the day labourers. A perception based poverty profile of the ethnic and non-ethnic households in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region is presented in Box 1.

Food inflation remained above general inflation The difference between food and general inflation marginally reduced to 0.21% in 2013/14 from 0.22% in 2012/13 on a three year moving average basis (Table 5). The difference widened in 2007/08 because of galloping food inflation during the year. Figure 11 shows that the difference narrowed in September 2009, widened in March 2011, converged in December 2011 and December 2012 and again widened in March 2014.

Food and non-food inflation exhibited wide fluctuations over the past five years. After the deep plunge in June 2009, food inflation had major fluctuations with rising trend up to March 2011. For the whole period from September 2009 to September 2011, food inflation remained above the non-food inflation, with general inflation having a rising trend. From December 2011 to September 2012, the situation was reverse, with food inflation remaining below non-food and general inflations; and the general inflation having a downward trend. After December 2012, food inflation again went above non-food inflation and remained so up to June 2014. During this period, food inflation had lesser fluctuation than non-food inflation, causing general inflation to remain relatively stable. The rising prices for rice, which has higher weight in the food price index, may have caused the food inflation to remain higher during the 2013/14 period. As shown in Figure 26 (Programme 6), price of coarse rice persistently increased from February 2013 to February 2014.

3.3.2 Issues and policy challenges

Strengthen the right to food The right to food implies that the society/Government is obliged to provide food to people for survival. The right to food is established in Article 11 of 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights43. In Bangladesh, the framework for right to food is provided by Article 15(a) of the National Constitution whereby the Government is committed to implement the basic provisions of the right to food. The right to food is closely linked to the idea of moral economy which can be summarized as a set of ideas about the right to subsistence even during crisis, and the responsibility of the public authority is to protect that right.

43 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right to food.

Figure 11: Point to point general, food and non food inflation

Source: BBS, DAM

0

3

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09Se

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22

Bangladesh has a well articulated food policy framework. The National Food Policy (NFP) was approved in 2006. The National Food Policy Plan of Action (NFP PoA) was subsequently prepared for the period 2008-2015 and provided the framework for implementing the NFP along with result monitoring. Several food based programmes have been adopted and implemented to improve food security situation of the poor. However, these measures and actions do not constitute a right-based approach. The goals and targets of policies and programmes should be in conformity with the targets to which the state commits in the process of signing various human rights instruments44. The existing laws on food are concerned more with food safety and are not formulated on a 'rights-based' approach. The Government would need to enshrine food as a fundamental right, where a Framework law on Right to Food is deemed necessary to realize this right45.

Promote rural non-farm employment The structure of employment in rural areas exhibited significant change over the last decade. Empirical analysis using HIES and Labour Force Survey (LFS) data showed that the growth of employment in agriculture and rural non-farm activities (RNA) was 8 percent and 25.5 percent respectively during 2006-2010 period. The analysis also showed that during the 2000 to 2010 period, share of agricultural income decreased from 49.9 percent to 47.8 percent, while RNA’s share increased from 50.1 percent to 52.2 percent46. In view of the shrinking future employment opportunities in agriculture resulting from declining availability of land and increasing mechanization, policies need to support further expansion of non-farm employment opportunities in rural areas.

Improve income distribution Although head count poverty rate declined appreciably over the last decade, there has been little improvement in income distribution situation in the country. In fact overall Gini coefficient slightly increased from 0.451 in 2000 to 0.467 in 2005 and then marginally decreased to 0.458 in 2010, representing marginal improvement during the latter part of the decade. Although overall income distribution situation was slightly better in rural than in urban areas, rural areas experienced worsening of income distribution between 2000 and 2010 (Gini coefficient increasing from 0.39 to 0.43) compared to urban areas where income distribution moderately improved, as indicated by the decline of Gini coefficient from 0.50 to 0.45 during the period. While policy attention is required to address the issue of high income inequality, attention needs to be given to the worsening of income distribution situation in rural areas, which has implication for the poorest and vulnerable population.

Strengthen emergency food distribution system in alignment with NSPS Food grain distribution through PFDS increased from 2.1 million tons in 2012/13 to 2.2 million tons in 2013/14. Distribution through VGF, TR and GR in 2013/14 was 3.44 lakh, 4.11 lakh and 0.5 lakh metric tons respectively which were higher than distribution through the respective channels in 2012/13. Distribution through these channels needs to be strengthened, particularly following disasters47. Under the new NSPS, the Government will

44 Shahabuddin,Q. (2010). The Right to Food: Bangladesh Perspectives. The Bangladesh Development Studies, Vol. 33, No: 1&2. 45 Faruque, A.A. (2014). From Basic Need to Basic Right: Right to Food in Context: A Study prepared for National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh. June 2014, Dhaka. 46 Rahman, R. I (2014): Growth of Rural Non-farm Activities in Bangladesh: Implications for Household Income and Employment. BIDS Policy Brief No. 1404. April 2014. 47 This is important because in times of sudden disasters, media reports quite often allege that coverage and magnitudes of food and non-food relief remains inadequate.

23

gradually convert the food-based transfer programmes into cash-based ones in line with the life-cycle based approach. However, the need for some food-based safety net programmes including distribution of readymade/cooked foods will continue to remain to address specific circumstances arising out of natural disasters48. Since the Government is planning to expand food storage capacity for maintaining higher stocks to meet the emergency and other needs, provision should be made for periodic rotation of stocks, and in-kind distribution mechanisms would have to be designed accordingly.

Improve food access in disadvantaged areas In analyzing food access, the regional and seasonal dimensions need to be considered. There are areas which remain chronically or seasonally disadvantaged in accessing food. Cyclone, flood, river erosion and other natural disasters cause some areas to remain chronically and seasonally disadvantaged. One typical case is the water logged areas in the southern region. Long term inundation prevents cultivation of most of the crops, resulting in significant loss to households in the water logged areas. The effects include reduced incomes, poor dietary diversity and seasonal migration. One empirical investigation in a water logged area in Satkhira district showed that households at the better off end of the wealth spectrum were able to switch from crop production to aquaculture. Other households at the lower end of the wealth spectrum lacked human, financial and political capital to be able to engage in new opportunities49. Government and non-government initiatives are required to improve the wealth holding status of poor households (e.g. improved access to credit) in the disadvantaged areas.

[Stabilize food prices Food price fluctuations affect both producers and consumers of food products. As has been observed, food prices remained below non-food prices during almost the entire period of 2012, both prices having moderate fluctuations with downward trend. From early 2013, food prices started remaining above non-food prices, with non-food prices having a moderate downward trend. Both prices remained relatively stable over the recent past months. Information from the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh showed that while prices of coarse rice and atta increased marginally, those for soybean oil and pulses decreased marginally during the fiscal year 2013/14. A moderate price increase was observed for spices and condiments.

Although food prices have remained relatively stable over the last year, overall food inflation has remained above non-food inflation. Since poor people spend major share of their income on food, stability of food prices needs to be maintained at a lower level than what has been prevailing over the recent past months.


3.4.1. Assessment

Objective 3 of the NFP is to ensure adequate nutrition for all individuals, especially women and children. The assessment of the progress considers dietary energy supply and intake,

48 There have been occasions following disasters when cash assistance did not prove to be effective, rather distribution of dry and cooked foods had to be practiced quite extensively. 49 Measuring the Impact of Water Logging on Household Economies Satkhira, Bangladesh. Food Security Cluster: Strengthening Humanitarian Response. Nov, 2014.

24

chronic energy deficiency among women, proportion of children having minimum acceptable diet, and micronutrient status including iodine and iron (Table 6). Progress on other nutrition indicators is discussed in other sections of this report, notably underweight and stunting under ‘Goals’ and wasting under Programme 10.

Table 6: NFP Objective 3: selected performance indicators CIP/NFP PoA output

proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Target source

National dietary energy supply from cereals (%)

78.1 (av. 2005-

07)

78.3 (av.2007-09) na 76.9

(av. 2008-10) 77.0

(av. 2009-11) 60

(recommended) FAO - RAP

National dietary energy intake from cereals (%)

73 (2005) na 70

(2010/11) na n.a. 60 (recommended)

BBS, HIES

Chronic energy deficiency prevalence among women (BMI

<18.5) (%)

33.0 (BDHS) na 24.2

(BDHS) 20.3

(FSNSP)

17.0

(FSNSP)

20 by 2015 BDHS, FSNSP

Proportion of children receiving minimum

acceptable diet at 6-23 months of age (%)

na* na 21 (BDHS)

31.7 (UESD)

23.0% (BDHS)

52 by 2016 (HPNSDP-MoHFW)

BDHS, UESD

Proportion of households consuming

iodized salt (%) na na 82.3

(BDHS) 80.3

(NMSS) 81.0

(BSCIC) 100 BDHS, NMSS, BSCIC

*This was 42% in 2007 and 37% in 2011 using the less restricted definition of minimum acceptable diet as per WHO recommendations.

Slow decline in dietary energy supply from cereals The contribution of cereals to Dietary Energy Supply (DES) has declined very slowly since the mid 1990s falling from 79.6% in 1995/96 to 78.1% in 2005/07, 78.3% in 2007/09, 76.9% in 2008/10 and 77.0% in 2009/11 (Table 6). The agricultural production data shows that increase in rice production and cereals supply improved faster than population. While overall food and energy supply has improved considerably in the last two decades, and there is improved adequacy of dietary energy, the food supply diversification shows stagnancy.

Improvement in dietary diversity Nutrition-sensitive agriculture interventions intimately influence the diversity of diets. Accordingly, individual dietary diversity or the number of food groups consumed by an individual in a set period of time, provides a measure of both quantity and quality of food eaten, thereby giving an indication of the overall nutrient adequacy of the dietary intake at a population level50.

The dietary diversity score for women51 between 2011 and 2013 (Figure 12) shows

50 Arimond, M, et al. (2009). Dietary diversity as a measure of micronutrient adequacy of women’s diet: Result from rural Bangladesh site. Washington DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project (FANTA), Academy for Educational Development. 51 A nine-item (food groups) scale questionnaire previously developed has been used to ascertain the quality of a woman’s diet in light of her nutritional needs and validated for women in Bangladesh. This scale has been revised to include ten item food groups since July 2014.

Figure 12: Trends in women’s dietary diversity score, 2011-2013

Source: FSNSP, 2012, 2013

9

23

29

23

12

41

9

22

29

22

12

5

1

8

21

29

23

12

5

10

7

14

21

28

35

1 or 2 groups

3 groups 4 groups 5 groups 6 groups 7 groups 8 or 9 groups

Perc

ent

2011 2012 2013

25

an incremental trend in women’s dietary diversity at divisional levels. Over a fourth (29%) of women consumed in the previous 24 hours more than four food groups out of nine, compared to those consuming fewer than four food groups. The western divisions of Khulna, Rajshahi, and Rangpur showed poorer dietary diversity scores than other divisions. At the national level, between 2011 and 2013 there has been little change with the mean dietary diversity score increasing by a little less than 0.05 points annually. However, the mean dietary diversity score in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas with less than 50% of women consuming inadequate diets in urban areas.

Decline in chronic energy deficiency among women Working efficiency, productivity and limited resilience to health and stresses are linked to chronic energy deficiency (CED). While BDHS 2011 reported the proportion of women with underweight or CED (BMI<18.5) at 24%, FSNSP updates show a decline in CED prevalence from 23% in 2011/12, to 20% in 2012/13, and to 17% in 2013/14 (Table 6). For the first time in 2011, FSNSP reported that the number of overweight women surpassed the number of underweight women. The proportion of overweight (BMI>23) showed an increasing trend from 18% in 2004 to 30% in 2011/12 to 35% in 2012/13 and to 39% in 2013/14 (Figure 13). The proportion of urban women in the most severe category for obesity has increased by 3 percentage points between 2012 and 2013. The prevalence of obesity is rising nationally, indicating that the problem is not confined within urban areas or well-off populations. Overweight among poor women is alarmingly high, with one-fifth being overweight. Evidence points to the co-existence of both under and overnutrition in Bangladesh, which are risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Unhealthy dietary patterns rank above tobacco as the leading driver of preventable NCDs and the rising incidence of diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases and cancer. This warrants urgent policy attention for primary and secondary prevention which is in line with World Health Assembly (WHA) global voluntary targets for the prevention and control of NCD52. As part of the NCD control programme under the HPNSDP, 142 urban health centres are providing hypertension and diabetes screening.

Consumption of children’s minimum acceptable diet slightly improved Early initiation of breastfeeding, 6 months exclusive breastfeeding, timely initiation of solid, semi-solid or soft foods from six months of age, intake of animal foods and hand washing with soap before child feeding are important for appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF). For diversity in complementary feeding it is essential for infants and young children

52 Include a halt to the rise in diabetes and obesity and a 30% reduction in the intake of salt by 2025.

Figure 13: Trends in ever-married women’s nutritional status, 2004-2013

Source: FSNSP, 2012, 2013

18%

22%

30%

36%39%

33%

39%

23%20%

17%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

BDHS 2004

2005 2006 BDHS 2007

2008 2009 2010 FSNSP 2011

FSNSP 2012

FSNSP 2013

Women's overweight (BMI>23.0) Women's CED (BMI<18.5)

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(6 to 23 months) to take at least four food groups out of seven, including animal foods and micronutrient rich fruits and vegetables every day53.

FSNSP 2013 data shows an improvement wherein 38% of children 6 to 23 months are fed a minimum acceptable diet as compared to 21% in BDHS 2011, 32% in UESD 2013 and 23% in 2014 (Table 6). The BDHS 2014 estimates show that this figure has only slightly increased since 2011 by around 2 percentage points a year54. The NNS is accelerating its IYCF activities with the job aids on IYCF. In particular, IYCF strategies and programmes are being delivered through media campaigns and community mobilisation processes. However, the current levels of consumption of a minimum acceptable diet are far below the HPNSDP target of 52% for 2016. The proportion of children eating iron-rich foods has increased from 44% in 2012 to 48% in 2013 indicating an improvement of 4 percentage points between 2012 and 2013. The consumption of minimum acceptable diets was also higher in urban than in rural areas, with urban children eating an adequate diet more frequently than rural children. The minimum diet consumption also increases gradually with the increase of wealth quintiles.

Micronutrient deficiencies: iodized salt consumption almost static The consequences of micronutrient deficiencies are increased risk of mortality and compromised quality of life that impact on development and productivity. The consumption of iodized salt (5 ppm) in households decreased from 82% in 201155 to 80% in 201356. However, consumption of iodized salt slightly increased to 81% in 2014 (Table 6)57. There are continued concerns related to the adequacy of iodine in the salt available in the market and consumed, wherein at the national level 57.6% of households consume adequately iodised salt (≥15 ppm) reported by FSNSP in 2012/13 which reduced to 54.3% as per MICS in 2013/14. The coverage of adequately iodized salt in rural, urban and slum areas is 51.8%, 75.4% and 76.9% respectively. It is reported that currently a quarter of households buy open salt and 84% do not buy salt packets due to higher price and about one fourth do not

53 WHO, IFPRI, UC Davis, FANTA, USAID, UNICEF (2008). Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Part I. Definitions. Geneva, World Health Organization. 54 National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. (2013a). Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Dhaka, Bangladesh and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 55 National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. (2013a). Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Dhaka, Bangladesh and Calverton, Maryland, USA: NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International. 56 National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), (2013b). Utilization of Essential Service Delivery Survey 2013, Provisional report. 57 BSCIC Report, 2014.

Box 2: Salt iodization in Bangladesh Considering iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) as a serious problem, the policy of the Government is to eradicate IDD through universal salt iodization programme. There are 305 registered salt refineries of which registration of 66 salt refineries cancelled due to violation of conditions. Now a total of 125 salt refineries are in operation of which 27 salt refineries (12 large and 15 medium) provide 80 percent coverage of iodised salt requirement. The salt production time is from November to March and the yearly requirement of salt for human consumption and other purposes is 9 lac and 4 lac metric tonnes respectively. Importation of salt from other countries is not needed to meet the requirement now. The Salt Iodization Act is being revised to make it more operational and to ensure quality. In the revised Act, the proposed amount of addition of potassium iodate in salt is 30 to 50 ppm at production level, the range seems high. There are 8 quality control laboratories in 8 BSCIC zones and on average 4 samples are tested per month in each laboratory. The samples for quality check are collected by 54 Inspectors of BSCIC. Source: BSCIC, 2014

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buy salt packets due to unavailability of salt in small packets58.

Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) recently consulted with the stakeholders including the members of the salt refiners association, academia, lawyers and UN representatives about the revision of the Universal Edible Salt Iodization Act 1989 that requires update (Box 2). Unfortunately, only 27.5% of the retailers know about the existing Salt Law of which 20% do not know about the punishment of violating the law59. To this end, quality control of the salt, price control, consumer awareness on the importance of iodized salt, and regular quality checking are necessary.

Prevention and control of iron deficiency anaemia improving Iron supplementation during pregnancy is associated with reduced maternal anaemia, and folic acid supplementation at the time of conception is associated with reduced neural tube defects in the brain and spinal cord60. The prevalence of anaemia in preschool age children was 33% nationally, 37% in rural areas, 22% in slums and 23% in urban areas, as reported in 2011-2012 NMSS survey. One in every three preschool children and one in every four non-pregnant and non-lactating women is still anaemic, which warrants revisit of the existing public health programmes and strategies. The community clinics distribute iron-folate tablets to the pregnant women and adolescent girls for the control of nutritional anaemia. Besides, deworming tablets are also distributed for the removal of intestinal parasites during vitamin A campaigns and deworming week.

Low coverage on the use of micronutrient powders has limited impact on the control of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Food-based approaches promoted in the community for infants at-risk of IDA can positively contribute to improved iron intake and provide a sustainable approach to its prevention. The production of micronutrient rich vegetables and fruits (especially iron, folate and vitamin C) should be increased through agricultural extension, and fish, poultry and small livestock production activities need to be promoted. Besides, food preparation, processing and preservation and marketing need to be integrated with these activities.

3.4.2. Issues and policy challenges

Food security and health investments have increased nutrition programming with support for scaling up food and health based nutrition interventions through multisectoral collaboration and coordination in Bangladesh. A number of policy actions for improving the delivery on nutrition outcomes are therefore necessary.

Accelerate nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific actions Nutrition-sensitive interventions address the underlying determinants of fetal and child nutrition and development – food security; adequate care giving resources at the maternal, household, and community levels; and access to health services and a safe and hygienic environment that incorporate specific nutrition goals and actions. The nutrition specific interventions address the immediate determinants of fetal and child nutrition and development – adequate food and nutrient intake, feeding, care giving and parenting

58 ICDDR,B/GAIN/UNICEF (2013). The National Micronutrient Survey 2011-12. Dhaka, Bangladesh. 59 ICDDR,B/GAIN/UNICEF (2013). The National Micronutrient Survey 2011-12. op. cit. 60 Bhutta, Z. A., et.al 2013. Evidence-Based Interventions for Improvement of Maternal and Child Nutrition: What Can Be Done and at What Cost? The Lancet 382 (9890): 452-477.

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practices, and a low burden of infectious diseases. Nutrition-sensitive programmes serve as delivery platforms for nutrition-specific interventions, potentially increasing their scale, coverage, and effectiveness61.

The reduction of maternal and child undernutrition needs nutrition sensitive actions including motivation and practical incentives. Among incentives, taxes and subsidies might play a role at policy level, and for the longer term, multisectoral training in nutrition and agriculture is the key62. The contribution of women in agricultural activities including production, processing and preservation need to be valued to maximise their productivity. The increase in women’s empowerment is positively correlated with calorie availability, dietary diversity and adult body mass index (BMI). Mother’s greater control over resources improves child outcomes – in particular, nutrition and education63. Empowerment of women in agriculture contributes to improvement of health and nutritional status of women and children64. Alongside is the need for strengthening the consistency of nutrition messaging across agriculture, fisheries and livestock extension services including all women focused agriculture interventions.

Improve nutrition through agriculture and food systems Food systems meet people’s nutritional requirements and also contribute to economic growth. The primary role of food and agriculture sector is to feed people by increasing availability, affordability, and consumption of diverse, safe, nutritious foods and diets, aligned with dietary recommendations and environmental sustainability. Key recommendations for improving nutrition through agriculture and food systems are shown in Box 3.

61 Global Nutrition Report 2014: Actions and accountability to accelerate the worlds progress on nutrition, p.84. 62 http://www.developmenthorizons.com/2012/12/what-do-we-want-nutrition-sensitive_19.html 63 Esha, S. et al. (2014). Women’s’ Empowerment in Agriculture: What role for food security in Bangladesh? op. cit. 64 Talukder A. et al. (2010). Homestead food production model contributes to improved household food security and nutrition status of young children and women in poor populations, Field Actions Science Reports [Online], Special Issue 1 | 2010, Online since 17 February 2000, Connection on 15 October 2012. URL : http://factsreports.revues.org/404

Box 3: Key recommendations for improving nutrition through agriculture and food systems Incorporate explicit nutrition objectives and indicators

into the design, and track and mitigate potential harms, while seeking synergies with economic, social and environmental objectives.

Assess the context at the local level, to design appropriate activities to address all types and causes of malnutrition. Target the vulnerable and improve equity through participation, access to resources, and decent employment.

Collaborate and coordinate with other sectors and programmes, through joint strategies with common goals, to address the multiple underlying causes of malnutrition.

Maintain or improve the natural resource base for the livelihoods and resilience of vulnerable farmers and for sustainable food and nutrition security for all.

Empower women by ensuring access to productive resources, income opportunities, extension services credit, labour and time-saving technologies.

Facilitate production diversification, and increase production of nutrient dense crops and small livestock.

Improve processing, storage and preservation to retain nutritional value, shelf-life, and food safety, to reduce seasonality of food insecurity and postharvest losses, and to make healthy foods convenient to prepare.

Expand markets and market access for vulnerable groups, especially for marketing nutritious foods or products.

Incorporate nutrition promotion and education around food systems that builds on local knowledge, attitudes and practices to increase demand for nutritious foods across the general population. Source: FAO (2015), The nutritional impact of agriculture investment programmes: Check list and guidance for programme formulation.

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Promote dietary diversity and nutrition Diverse diets that combine a variety of cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruits and animal-source foods will provide adequate nutrition for most people to meet energy and nutrient requirements, although supplements may be needed during vulnerable stages of life, notably pregnancy. Dietary diversity is considered as a key indicator of a high-quality diet. Increasing dietary diversification through consumption of a broad variety of foods, preferably from home gardens, fisheries and small livestock production is being promoted. In poor rural households in Kishoreganj, small indigenous fish species contributed 40% and 31% of the total recommended intakes of vitamin A and calcium, respectively65. Darkina (Esomus danricus) a local fish has a high heme iron and calcium content as well as zinc and this fish is eaten with bones which make it a ‘package source’ of micronutrients. Support for increasing the production of small fish and communication efforts for promoting consumption needs to be scaled up. Promotion of nation wide awareness using mass media communication and interpersonal communications for dietary diversification are central to this effort.

Expedite implementation of NNS activities including complementary feeding The community clinics under the Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Programme – HPNSDP 2011-2016 of MoHFW are implementing few NNS activities. NNS covers facility-based services, community/area-based nutrition activities, human resource development, providing micronutrients, operational research and surveys, monitoring and evaluation and nutrition information systems. They also work on facility-based treatment of acute malnutrition in children, iron-folate supplementation for women, and antenatal care and counselling to the pregnant women and delivery of basic health and nutrition services. Referral systems for the treatment of mothers and children need to be established in a sustainable manner. Mass media awareness and interpersonal communication are being scaled up through behaviour change communication programmes. The nutrient-dense complementary food recipes developed by Bangladesh Breastfeeding Foundation (BBF) and the recipe book unwrapped by the Honourable Prime Minister during the World Breastfeeding Week 2014 need to be extensively used in community based training and widely disseminated, with a focus on the North, South and CHT areas where malnutrition is highest66.

Accelerate implementation of prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) NCDs account for about 60% of all deaths, with cardiovascular and circulatory disease at 17%, and cancers at 24%. However, 80% of cardiovascular problems and 40% of cancers can be prevented by tackling key risk factors, in particular unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and harmful use of tobacco67. Reduction of overall salt intake serves both the under nutrition and NCD objectives. NCDs reduce the ability of individuals to work and thus decrease family income. Persisting high levels of undernutrition, combined with rising levels of nutrition-related NCDs, will only add to this economic cost, dampening potential growth and draining national resources. The implementation of prevention strategies for non communicable diseases needs to be accelerated.

65 Roos N, et. al. (2007) Linking human nutrition and fisheries: incorporating micronutrient dense, small indigenous species in carp poly-culture production in Bangladesh. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28 (2): s280 –S 293. 66 BBF/FPMU/NFPCSP/FAO (2013). A Complementary Feeding Manual for Bangladesh, BBF, Dhaka. 67 WHO (2011). Global status report on non communicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization: Geneva.

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Strengthen food safety and quality activities under BFSA The Government is concerned to the supply of safe, healthy and nutritious food to its people. Bangladesh Food Safety Act 2013 includes establishment of an Independent Food Safety Authority through gazette notification and reorganization of National Food Safety Advisory Council for ensuring food safety and quality. The formulation of rules and regulations by the Government for implementation of the Food Safety Act 2013 is needed. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA) has been established and preliminary activities have begun. The coordination of its activities has started and an FAO project is supporting the establishment and functioning of the BFSA with the financial assistance of USAID. Besides, another food safety project is being implemented by FAO with the financial assistance of the Netherlands Government under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The activities for food safety and quality need to be strengthened and coordinated within the purview of the BFSA.

Ensure full coverage of access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene Unsafe water and inadequate sanitation are linked to diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory infections, and skin diseases68. Bangladesh has made good progress in providing safe drinking water and improved toilet facilities, but other components of a healthy environment are still lagging behind. Proper hand washing before child feeding is a life-saving and cost-effective intervention for families, the lack of which may lead to infections and poor appetite; and eventually malnutrition and death. Awareness and practice of hygiene, hand washing before food preparation and food consumption and after defecation, are critical to reduce the morbidity. As poor sanitation is one of the major determinants of child stunting, there is need to accelerate sanitation access by all and be on track towards reaching MDG-7.

Enhance fortification and bio-fortification initiatives WFP in collaboration with the Government is introducing fortified rice called ‘Pushti Chal’ in mitigating micronutrient deficiencies. Fortified rice kernels are mixed with powdered vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron and zinc according to WHO guidelines to meet the micronutrient requirement of the population of Bangladesh69. Fortified rice needs to be explored for use in the major social safety net programmes, garment factories, corporate social programmes, and through sale for general public. The country’s first bio-fortified rice variety (enriched with zinc) namely BRRI dhan- 62, BRRI dhan 64 have been released. Rice has a zinc content of 20

68 World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (2009). Diarrhoea: Why children are still dying and what can be done. 69 Saskia de Pee (2014). Proposing nutrients and nutrient levels for rice fortification. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1324 (2014) 55–66. New York Academy of Sciences.

Box 4: Rice bio-fortification The country’s first bio-fortified rice varieties have a zinc content that is 30% higher than local varieties. The new rice matures faster than some traditional varieties and contains the zinc in the endosperm rather the outer periphery of the grain, which is usually lost to the consumer when rice is polished. The capacity to scale up high-zinc rice has still to be demonstrated, but if widely planted and consumed in poor households, it could contribute significantly to meeting zinc requirements in Bangladesh, where the poor consume large amounts of rice daily and often sacrifice the consumption of other more nutrient-rich foods. When combined with interventions that promote dietary diversification, commercial fortification through food processing and targeted supplementation to specific population groups, widely produced, biofortifed crops can contribute to resolving nutrient deficiencies at a significant scale. Source: Harvest Plus, 2014

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to 22 mg/kg and this is capable to fighting diarrhea and pneumonia-induced childhood deaths and stunting. International Potato Centre adapted and developed orange fleshed sweet potato locally called “Komola Sunduri”. Both leaves and roots provide vitamin A that promotes growth and provides immunity to fight against disease. Bio-fortification needs to be supported within the broader context of promoting a healthy food base for improved nutrition (Box 4).

Conduct new national nutrition survey The Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS) of the University of Dhaka had carried out national nutrition surveys in 1974-75, 1981-82 and 1995-96. The last national nutrition survey was carried out by INFS, sponsored by Bangladesh National Nutrition Council in 1995-96. Over 20 years have passed and no updated dietary and nutrient intake data is available in the country. The Household Income and Expenditures Survey (HIES) does not provide individual food and nutrient consumption data for different age groups. Given the proven value of diet and nutrient intake to inform evidence based food security, nutrition and health policy and programming, there is need for conducting a national nutrition survey at the soonest.

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4. Availability: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs

The Availability dimension is discussed in CIP programmes 1 to 5. Areas of analysis include: sustainable and diversified agriculture, improved water management, input production and soil fertility, fisheries, and livestock. These programmes correspond to eight AoIs of NFP PoA. Outlines of CIP and NFP PoA interventions are provided below under each programme.

4.1. Programme 1: Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension Programme 1 of the CIP focuses on promoting intensification, diversification and resilience to climate change of crop production through the generation and propagation of sustainable technologies. It covers the investments needed to operationalise the NFP PoA AoI 1.1 on research and extension activities and AoI 1.4 on Agricultural Diversification for crops, and is also relevant for the implementation of the PoA AoI 1.9 on developing early warning systems and AoI 2.1 on agricultural disaster management.

4.1.1. Progress towards achievements

Table 7: Progress towards achievement of CIP Programme 1 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source

No. of improved new rice varieties released by GoB agencies

3 9 5 2 8 MoA (BRRI & BINA)

No. of new non-rice varieties released

Wheat 0 2 2 0 0

MoA (BARI & BINA)70

Maize 2 0 0 1 0 Potato 3 2 0 12 1 Pulses 0 6 5 1 2

Vegetables 5 6 7 3 3 Edible Oilseeds* 0 1 7 0 5

Fruits 1 6 3 5 9 No. of farmers trained on sustainable agriculture practices by DAE

1,045,488 1,333,847 1,277,840 1,283,106 1,295,652 DAE

Share of rice on total cropped land 76.2% 78.5% 76.5% 76.0% 74.8% BBS

HYV rice area as % total rice area (including Boro hybrid) 79.9% 79.4% 82.4% 82.8% 78.4% BBS

Annual change in major crops' production

Rice 5.9% 2.1% 1.0% -0.2% 1.55%

BBS, Major & Minor Crops Statistics &

Agricultural Wing

Wheat 14.5% 6.1% 2.4% 26.1% 3.84% Maize 49.7% 21.6% 27.5% 14.4% 40.5%

Potato 28.7% 50.5% -1.5% 4.8% 4.03% Pulses -21.0% 12.5% 4.7% 10.7% -40.7% Brinjal 1.5% 1.1% 3.9% 4.8% 20.7%

Pumpkin 4.6% 4.3% 7.4% 4.1% 12.3% Beans -0.1% 0.2% -0.4% -1.4% 18.3%

Lal Shak 10.1% 6.6% 2.6% -1.1% 3.99% Edible Oilseeds* 11.4% 11.9% 2.7% 5.4% 16.1%

Banana -12.7% -2.1% -6.8% 3.8% -0.53% Guava -0.3% 13.1% 1.5% 7.9% -1.28%

Mango 4.7% 1.7% 6.3% 1.2% 3.7% Pineapple -13.4% 2.3% -17.2% 3.2% 6.58%

Jackfruit 5.4% 3.1% -3.6% 3.0% 4.98%

70 These are varieties produced by BARI, BINA and Universities, approved by SCA.

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Release of new rice varieties increased in early 2013/14 In 2013/14, a total of eight new rice varieties were released (Table 7). In August 2013, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) released four rice varieties including the saline tolerant BRRI dhan 61, and BRRI dhan 62, a short duration (harvestable within 100 days), high zinc rice variety, capable of reducing micronutrients deficiency, diarrhoea and pneumonia-induced childhood morbidity and in turn related child stunting and deaths. Both are boro season varieties. In the first half of 2013/14, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) released four new rice varieties: three for aman season, namely Binadhan-11 (early maturing), Binadhan-12 (submergence tolerant), Binadhan-13 (fine aromatic) rice variety; and one for boro season namely Binadhan-14 (a late transplanting potential, high yielding rice variety)71.

BADC has conducted operations for multiplication of saline-tolerant seeds, which contributed to accelerate the production in the south. As of August 2013, BRRI released 61 inbred and four hybrid rice varieties72. While farmers still grow a larger number of rice varieties, three BRRI varieties were largely adopted. BRRI Dhan 28 and 29 gained popularity, reaching about 60% of rice area in boro season, while BR11 was the most adopted variety in aman season, covering about 27% of rice area73. Thirteen rice varieties have so far been released by BINA, of which seven are for aman season and the other six for boro season. Some of the new rice varieties are expected to contribute to enhance resilience and facilitate adaptation to climate change.

According to the Seed Certification Agency (SCA), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) developed seven new varieties in 2013/14: one of edible oilseeds, five of fruits and one potato variety. SCA also reported an active involvement of the private sector which developed 86 and 13 new varieties of vegetables and fruits, respectively over the same period. Moreover, 144 varieties are under the process of being released as advanced line varieties74. As of November 2014, BARI decided to expand the distribution of Bt brinjal75, GM crop released in December 2013, with the trait of less pesticides intensive and suitable for commercial cultivation. Moreover, BINA released one new variety of pulses, and three new varieties of edible oilseeds over the same period.

In 2013/14, overall a slightly lower number of new non-rice varieties were released compared to the previous year (from 20 to 22 new rice varieties): notably, release of new potato varieties drastically reduced (from 12 to 1), while that of edible oilseeds and fruits both increased (respectively from 0 to 5 and from 5 to 9). In addition to the National Agricultural Research System (NARS) institutes, other institutions such as the Bangladesh Agricultural University and BRAC continued contributing to developing crop varieties76.

71http://bina.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67:rice&catid=39:commodity&Itemid=81 72 An inbred rice variety is the result of a cross between two or more different varieties and subsequent selection through several cycles of self-pollination or inbreeding. Normally, each rice flower contains both male and female organs. This allows the plant to reproduce itself through self-pollination or inbreeding. A hybrid is the product of a cross between two genetically distinct rice parents. When the right parents are selected, the hybrid will have both greater vigour and yield than either of the parents. 73 Hossain, M. and W. M.H. Jaim (2012), Adoption and diffusion of modern rice varieties in Bangladesh and eastern India, IRRI. 74 MoA Medium Terms Report, 2014. 75 Bt brinjal varieties produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) derived proteins that are toxic to brinjal fruit and shoot borer (BFSB) but safe for the environment and human and animal consumption. The four Bt brinjal varieties developed by BARI are Bt Brinjal-1, 2, 3 and 4. 76 As of 2010, BRAC released six hybrid rice, three hybrid maize and eight vegetable varieties for commercial cultivation. Out of the three hybrid maize, one is high quality protein maize.

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Number of farmers trained increased for two consecutive years In Bangladesh, GoB agencies, NGOs, commercial traders and input suppliers represent extension services providers. The Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE), through officers and sub-assistant agricultural officers (SAAOs) at upazila level, delivers training and services to farmers nationwide77. The number of farmers trained by DAE increased slightly in 2013/14 to 1,295,652, from 1,283,000 in 2012/13 (Table 7). During the last three years, more than 2.5 million farmers received training from more than 14 thousand extension workers, 15% of which were women.

Productivity increased while area planted continued its slow decline In 2013/14, the share of rice area in total cropped area further declined to 74.8% from 76% in the previous year, falling for the third consecutive year below the level recorded in 2008/09 (Figure 14). Improved yields (2.3%) compared to last year (1.7%) contribute to explain the increased level of rice production (1.6%). However, the share of land cultivated with High Yielding Variety (HYV), which includes hybrid variety, dropped, for the first time over 2000s, to 78.4% in 2013/14 down from 82.8% in 2012/13 (Figure 15). The decrease has taken place while the share of hybrid rice to total boro rice increased to 13.3% in 2013/14 up from 12.8% in 2012/13 - still well below the 17.2% registered in 2007/08 (Figure 15) - mainly due to reduction in area of local rice variety with HYV remaining unchanged.

Production increased marginally for rice and wheat and sharply for maize In 2013/14, rice production increased (1.6%) after slightly dropping (0.2%) in the previous year, for the first time since 2005/06. While wheat production registered a modest increase (3.8%) compared to the previous year (26%), maize production accelerated substantially (40.5%) against the 2012/13 sustained production growth (14%) (Table 7). The excellent performance of the maize sector benefitted from favourable weather conditions and timely supply of seeds and fertilizers. Higher prices before planting, sustained by feedstock demand from livestock, poultry and fishery sectors, incentivized farmers to increase land cultivated under maize (37%). Potato production rose by 4%, but decreased from 4.8% registered over the previous year, with the increase in yield (3.3%) and in cropped area (4%) largely accounting for the

77 IFPRI/FAO/IICA Worldwide Extension Study, 2011.

Figure 14: Rice to total cropped area and HYV to total rice area (%)

Source: BSS

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

Area

shar

e (%

)

Share of HYV area Share of rice area

Figure 15: Boro rice varieties

Source: BBS

2.7% 2.6% 2.3% 1.7% 1.5% 1.4% 1.1%

80.1% 80.2% 83.1% 84.6% 85.1% 85.7% 85.6%

17.2% 17.3% 14.6% 13.8% 13.4% 12.9% 13.3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

% o

f Tot

al B

oro

area

local HYV Hybrid

36

observed growth. In 2013/14, pulses and oilseeds production growth rates registered opposite results of -40.7% and 16.1%, respectively from 11% and from 5% of the previous year. Fruit production registered an overall encouraging trend with the positive results obtained in producing mango (3.7%), pineapple (6.6%) and jackfruit (5%).

The production growth rate of rice, wheat, pulses, brinjal and edible oilseeds accelerated after the start of implementation of the PoA, in the beginning of the period just after the food price crisis, while it decelerated for other crops, including maize, mango and pineapple. Wheat and brinjal production growth rebounded from declining trends (Table 8). Overall, since the start of the implementation of the PoA, the acreage growth rate of rice, wheat, oilseeds and jute increased, while that of maize, spices and vegetables reduced (Table 9).

Continued diversification in crop and agricultural production In the wake of 2007/08 food price crisis, as GoB priority was

rice self-sufficiency, crop diversification had been hindered by the increasing use of land to produce rice and other key staples such as wheat and oilseeds. Consequently, the acreage growth rate of those key staples increased, while that of other crops, such as potato, reduced (Table

9).

The share of rice area in total cropped area dropped year-on-year in 2013/14, and continuously since 2009/10, giving space for the increase in share of all other crops, except for jute and fruits78. A similar trend is observed in terms of overall agricultural diversification, which seems to have continued to slightly improve in 2013/14: the share of crop on total agricultural value year-on-year fell by 0.8 percentage points, with 78 Share of wheat, maize, oilseeds, pulses, potato areas in total cropped area rose by 0.42, 0.30, 0.14, 0.11, 0.12 percentage points in 2012/13 over 2011/12.

Table 9: Acreage growth rate (%)

Crops Pre-PoA

(2000/01-2006/07)

Post-PoA (2007/08-2013/14)

Rice -0.44 0.86

Wheat -10.43* 1.31

Maize 68.46* 8.40

Oilseeds -3.90* 2.86*

Spices 5.93* 0.61

Pulses -6.07* -3.33*

Potato 6.41* 2.35*

Sugarcane -1.89* -3.33

Fruits -6.69* -1.73*

Vegetables 4.11* 0.54

Jute -2.02* 10.47* Source: BBS; *Significant at 10% level

Table 8: Crop production growth rate (%)

Crops Pre-PoA

(2000/01-2006/07)

Post-PoA (2007/08-2013/14)

Rice 1.62* 2.60*

Wheat -14.73* 8.06*

Maize 95.77* 11.78*

Potato 9.07* 7.04*

Pulses -5.45* -0.36*

Brinjal -2.50* 3.82*

Pumpkin 8.68* 2.90*

Beans 9.11* 3.67*

Lal Shak 5.77* 1.22*

Edible oil 2.20* 5.70*

Banana 9.26* -2.29*

Guava 24.65* 5.13*

Mango 31.51* 3.71*

Pineapple 10.01* -2.96

Jackfruit 30.62* -0.11

Source: BBS; *Significant at 10% level

Figure 16: Agricultural GDP composition by subsector

Source: BBS

64.2%

63.6%

63.5%

65.1%

64.8%

64.2%

63.2%

62.4%

13.3%

12.7%

13.5%

12.4%

12.2%

12.2%

12.3%

12.2%

23.9%

23.7%

23.1%

22.5%

23.0%

23.6%

24.5%

25.3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

share of crop share of livestock share of fishery

37

rising shares of fishery (0.8 percentage points) and the livestock sector stable (-0.1 percentage points). The trend in both cropped area and sector-specific agricultural GDP suggests that agricultural diversification is proceeding although at a slow pace.

In the wake of the 2007/08 food price crises, the growth of the crop sectors gained momentum compared to livestock and fishery (Figure 16). However, since 2009/10, while fishery sector constantly increased, livestock sector remained stagnant. Overall, this trend suggests that although agricultural diversification did not substantially improve since 2007/08, there is a sign of improvement in the last fiscal year, especially in the direction of fishery sector.

4.1.2. Policy developments/programmes underway and needs for further action

Programme 1 of the CIP channelled 797 million USD representing 6.3% of total CIP budget of 2013/14 of which 669 million USD is already financed (60% by GoB and 40% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 1 decreased by 0.9% over the previous year, mainly due to augmented budget for ongoing projects. It consists of three sub-programmes with a total of 31 concluded, 62 ongoing and 22 pipeline projects. Under sub-programme 1.3, accounting for investments on agricultural systems to adapt to climate change, 14 and 6 are respectively the number of ongoing and pipeline projects, for a total of 268 and 88 million USD allocated. Sub-programme 1.1 and 1.2 financed respectively 177 and 224 million USD, with a pipeline of 31 and 10 million USD, respectively. In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 1 decreased by 3.4% to 115 million USD, from 119 million USD in 2012/13 and increased by 121% from 52 million USD in 2010/11 (first year of CIP implementation). As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 1 was 355 million USD, which represents 53% of the programme’s financed budget.

Improve sustainable agricultural research The GoB development budget for research institutes under the National Agricultural Research System (NARS)79 increased by 29%, up from 2.4 billion taka in 2012/13 to 3.2

79 NARS consists of its apex body the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) and 10 agricultural research institutes, within four ministries: i) in the MoA - Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh Sericulture Research and training institution (BSRTI) and Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Bangladesh Cotton Development Board (BCDB); in the MoFL - Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Bangladesh Fishery Research Institute (BFRI), Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI); in the MoEF – Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFoRI); in the Ministry of Commerce – Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI). For BTRI and BSRTI financial data were not available.

Figure 17: Development Budget by NARS institutions

Source: Ministry of Finance

597,047

343,251

103,500 74,775

240,000

155,137

506,429

152,163

86,000 127,827 2012/13

BARI

BRRI

BJRI

BSRI

BINA

SRDI

BARC

BFoRI

BLRIBFRI

790,700

290,800

80,000 61,900 320,000 267,500

795,900

176,000

131,800 233,700 2013/14

38

billion taka in 2013/14, with its share in the National Budget increasing from 0.4% to 0.5%, over the same period (Figure 17). Notably, development budget increased largely for BFRI (+83%), SRDI (+72%), BARC (+57%), BLRI (+53%), BINA (+33%), BARI (+32%), and BFRI (+16%), while reduced for BJRI (-23%), BSRI (-17%), and BRRI (-15%).

According to the NAP 2013, NARS should give priority to the following areas: soil and agro-ecological zone; development and application of fertilizers for soil quality environment and health preservation; location-specific suitability and profitability of specific crops and cropping patterns; marketing, trade and price trends of different crops; preservation of existing biodiversity; crop processing and preservation; crop varieties and technologies suitable to cope with the adverse effects of climate change, in drought and flooded conditions; short term, salt tolerant, submergence tolerant, drought tolerant, disease and pest resistant, aromatic, hybrid varieties; and crop diversification, focusing on varieties with high iron, zinc and vitamin A, to improve nutrition.

Empirical evidence shows that investing in research and extension is amongst the major factors having a strong, positive correlation with Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, a proxy for technological change and dynamism80. It is therefore pivotal investing on agricultural research to bridge yield gap, promote diversification and ensure coordination and synergy among different research organizations. Research and extension on women involvement in agriculture, demonstrate positive implications for nutrition (Box 5).

Demand-led agricultural extension services The Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE) represents the main extension service providers serving farmers with a total of 14,092 extension workers (SAAO) and 3,064 officers. Notably, they are largely dependent on projects funds which seem to trigger duplication of efforts in some areas of interventions while others remain overlooked. Furthermore, projects’ objectives may not be entirely in line with the needs of beneficiaries, if defined within a top-down approach81. Moreover, while DAE has a network reaching the village level, DoF and DLS only 80 Rahman, S. and R. Salim (2013). Six Decades of Total Factor Productivity Change and Sources of Growth in Bangladesh Agriculture (1948-2008) Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 64. 81 Agricultural Sector Development Strategy: background paper for the preparation of the 7FYP, 2015.

Box 5: Gender oriented research for nutrition sensitive agriculture Research include the following: Women empowerment in agriculture is positively correlated with households energy availability and dietary diversity in Bangladesh; Increasing women’s empowerment in Bangladesh (in particular group membership) increases technical efficiency not only of their farms but of all plots cultivated by the household; The biggest gap in empowerment were lack of credit, high workload, and low group membership; Dairy value chains with gender component have the potential to build women’s assets and to increase women’s decision-making over areas related to value chain participation; While assets transferred to ultra-poor women may remain under their control, predictions on control over income and other assets’ ownership within the household are difficult. Many of the gains to asset transfer programs may be through improved social status within the community; Men’s and women’s assets are not equally affected by climatic and other shocks, with weather shocks generally affecting husbands’ assets, and negative non-weather shocks affecting both men’s and women’s assets. Sale of livestock is commonly used as a coping mechanism, but assets needed for generating income (such as land, husbands’ vehicles and agricultural assets) are generally protected. Source: Agriculture for Nutrition and Health workshop (June 2014)

39

operates at upazila level. Lack of staff and sometimes limited outreach of public extension departments could be compensated by strengthening the integration with extension services provided by the private sector and the civil society. From this perspective, the Farmers’ Information and Advice Centres (FIAC) housed at Union Parishad complex worked as a reference one stop service. As of November 2014, 732 FIAC - to provide service for crops, fishery and livestock - and 13,450 Common Interest Groups (CIGs) - to facilitate producers’ organization - have been created under the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP). Extension services need to increasingly focus on skill gaps, promote diversification for dietary diversity, volume and value addition for agricultural commodities, and income generation activities. For instance, over the last three years, DAE trained more than 36,000 women in income generation activities based on mushroom cultivation.

Agricultural universities, large NGOs (such as BRAC, CARE Bangladesh, and World Vision) as well as private companies also provide extension and advisory services. As of August 2014, 12 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and two seed producer associations, with 250 small- and medium-scale affiliates, are involved in zinc enriched rice seed production and delivery. Breeder seed production started in the 2013/14 Boro season. During 2013/14, 1,000 farm demonstrations and distribution of mini-kits (seed packets) were facilitated by the HarvestPlus initiative82. This should allow farmers to evaluate the adaptability of zinc-enriched rice varieties under their own production conditions. Moreover, to stimulate demand for zinc-enriched varieties, training of rice marketing and sale stakeholders is also provided. According to HarvestPlus initiative, by 2016, an estimated 500,000 households will be reached with zinc enriched rice through commercialized seed sales. The long-term objective is to develop sustainable markets for zinc enriched rice seed and grain, targeting a 3% rice market share by 201883.

Needs for further action in this area include:

Sustain nutrition oriented agricultural research: While agricultural production has made remarkable progress, more need to be done to develop nutrition sensitive agricultural production. Emphasis should be given to carry out nutrition-oriented agricultural research in order to address this gap. The ‘Agriculture for Nutrition and Health’ (ANH) initiative aims to maximize health and nutrition benefits and to reduce health risks by adapting and redesigning current agricultural practices and policies. In order to achieve this goal, ANH brings together research and development professionals across the agriculture, nutrition, and health sectors to jointly tackle key challenges and design joint solutions. A4NH has four drivers: value chains for enhanced nutrition; bio-fortification; prevention and control of agriculture-associated diseases; and integrated agriculture, nutrition, and health programmes and policies. In Bangladesh, agricultural research priority is to develop new varieties of nutrient enriched crops and crop varieties with high content of iron, zinc and vitamin A and to support integrated and diversified agriculture.

Improve the Agricultural Research Management Information System (ARMIS): ARMIS is a data management system developed by BARC which contains information on research of NARS institutes, 12 Universities, Extension Service providers and, DAE,

82 HarvestPlus is part of the CGIAR Research Programmeon Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH). This initiative works closely with key Government agencies such as the Seed Wing of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), BRRI and its SeedNet, DAE, and BADC. Other partners include University of California-Davis and the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). 83 HarvestPlus (2014). Biofortification Progress Briefs, p. 61, August 2014.

40

DoF, DLS and Foundations (e.g. Grameen Krishi Foundation and Hortex Foundation), NGOs and other institutions. While ARMIS contains an impressive amount of information it would be useful to fill some data gaps and to improve its website, for instance by adding user-friendly features.

Facilitate ‘vertical’ integration between agricultural research, universities, and extension service providers: The ultimate objective of this process is to translate research methods and outputs into viable technological adoption. Research needs to focus on development and improvement of stress tolerant and short duration varieties and farming practices; agricultural machineries and post harvest technologies to enhance handling and marketing especially of high value crops; sustainable and efficient use of land and water resources; crop diversification and management in adverse environment and for climate change adaptation. Public-private partnership research may be carried out, for example, between NARS institutes and local seed companies or NGOs like BRAC, as well as between NARS institutes and international agriculture research centres e.g. CGIAR.

Establish ‘horizontal’ integration between extension service providers to support demand-led technological transfers: Public extension systems have different levels of penetration – with DAE network reaching the village level, while DoF and DLS only operating at upazila level. Lack of staff and limited outreach of public extension departments could be compensated by strengthening the integration with extension services provided by the private sector and civil society. It is therefore essential to build on the positive experience of NATP through FIACs and CIGs, to empower producers’ organization, to improve their participation in planning, implementation and monitoring of extension and, to make the public service more responsive to their needs84. A potential challenge is the sustainability of the system at the end of NATP project.

Mainstream the use of modern information and communication technology (ICT): Another way to compensate for limited outreach and lack of staff is the use of ICT. Several ‘e-Agriculture’ initiatives are underway and need to be mainstreamed. For instance, e-Khishok is an initiative established between DAE and the Bangladesh Institute of ICT in Development (BIID) aimed to provide ICT service to farmers through a number of local centre/telecentres. The service provided includes the use of SMS/call back services. General mobile-based text messages and voice messages may be used for early warning on pest and disease outbreak, natural disasters as well as to disseminate critical information.

Establish a database of extension projects: Digitized databases and management information systems may be set up at upazila, district and national levels with the objective of helping M&E activities on the relevance and coherence of extension service implementation. Synergies with ARMIS might also be exploited.

84 http://www.natpdae.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104&Itemid=127

41

4.2. Programme 2: Improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes

Programme 2 aims at ensuring sustainable and efficient water management to address farmers’ need. The programme covers the investments required under the NFP PoA 1.2 to increase irrigation coverage, improve delivery and ensure efficient use of safe irrigation water, reduce dependency on groundwater use and reduce cost of irrigation. It is articulated in four sub-programmes to: (1) improve water management and water distribution system at farm level, (2) improve and increase efficiency of surface water irrigation particularly in the south, (3) reduce impacts of saline water intrusion in the south, and (4) enhance river flow to the south.

4.2.1 Progress towards achievement

Table 10: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 2 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2009/10 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source

% of cropped area under irrigation 44.2% 45.3% 46.8% 47.4% 48.21% BBS, Major & Minor

Crops Statistics & Agricultural Wing

Water table depth in Northern region, average yearly change over last 20 years (cm/year)

6.5 (1989-2008)

13.7 (1991-2010)

5.5 (1993-2012

7.3 (1994-2013)

14.46 (1995-2014)

WDB


15.4 (2006-2008)

45.9 (2008-2010)

-11.7 (2010-2012)

-34.2 (2011-2013)

48.0 (2012-2014)

WDB

Surface water irrigation area as % of total irrigation area 23.3% 22.0% 21.3% 20.9% 21.0%

BBS, Major & Minor Crops Statistics & Agricultural Wing

Irrigation cost per acre as % of total Boro production cost 16.3% 15.0% (R) 13.2% 14.6% 13.00% MoA

Irrigation coverage kept increasing In 2013/14, the share of irrigated area to total cropped area increased by 0.8 percentage points to 48.2% from 47.4% in 2012/13. Notwithstanding the increasing trend over the reference period, from the initial 44.2% in 2007/08, the incremental irrigation coverage has been rather slow, only 4 percentage points over six years (Table 10). This indicates that there is scope to increase production through expansion of irrigation.

Share of surface water irrigation area remained almost unchanged Overall, the share of surface water irrigation area to total cropped area has been falling, although at decreasing rate, over the reference period (Figure 18). In 2013/14, for the first time since 2007/08, the share of surface water irrigation area remained unchanged at around 21% compared to the previous year. While this is a positive sign, it is

Figure 18: % of cropped area under irrigation and surface water as % of total irrigation

Source: WDB

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1996

/97

1997

/98

1998

/99

1999

/00

2000

/01

2001

/02

2002

/03

2003

/04

2004

/05

2005

/06

2006

/07

2007

/08

2008

/09

2009

/10

2010

/11

2011

/12

2012

/13

2013

/14

Cropped area under irrigation (%)Surface water in total irrgation (%)

42

Box 6: Groundwater drought: A critical concern for Bangladesh The ground water (GW) dependent irrigation system in the Barind area has reached a critical phase as the GW level has dropped below the depth of the shallow tube wells in many places. The recently published GW zoning map indicates that a record of 60% irrigated croplands in Naogaon district have become critical for shallow tube well operation. The overexploitation has caused the GW level to fall to the extent of not getting fully replenished by the rainfall recharge. If this over-utilization of the Barind aquifer continues, it may result in its exhaustion after few years which may have a negative impact on the agriculture-based economy of the country. Source: Adhikary et al. (2013). Groundwater Drought Assessment for Barind Irrigation Project in Northwestern Bangladesh.

not sufficient to reverse the increasing dependency on groundwater resources for irrigation purpose (Table 10).

Groundwater table continued deepening Over the last 30 years, change in average yearly water table in the northern districts fluctuated, over a markedly decreasing trend (Figure 19). This long-term decline is the result of higher average extraction rate (53 billion cubic meters per year) compared to recharge rate (50 billion cubic meters per year). This trend poses a substantial threat to the future agricultural development, especially in the northern districts. Groundwater depletion could dry up shallow tube wells and may lead to saltwater intrusion85.

In 2014, water table depth substantially increased up to 8 meter from 6.1 meter in 2013 (Figure 19), and consequently determined a three-year average change of 48 cm/year (2012-14), against -34.2 and -11.7 cm/year, respectively registered in 2010-12 and 2011-13 (Table 10). These positive results were registered in 2011 and 2012, which were exceptional years because recharging capacity of aquifers surpassed extraction rate, leading to a reduction in groundwater depth. This impacted on the 20-year average change, which reached 14.6 cm/year (1995-2014) against 7.3 (1994-2013) and 5.5 cm/year (1993-2012) (Table 10). The deepening of GW table in the northern districts are believed to be caused by low inflow from the upstream rivers, dry-up of wetlands and rivers, siltation and raised riverbeds, stemming from damming of rivers, low rainfall and short monsoon.

Share of irrigation to boro production cost reduced The share of irrigation to total boro production cost reduced over the period 2007/08-2013/14. It decreased to 13% in 2013/14 from 14.6% in 2012/13 representing the only year in which the share rebounded (Table 10). The increasing usage of solar power, pipes, Axian-flow pump and sprinkle irrigation might have contributed to the reduction of irrigation cost. Further reduction can be achieved by continuous investments on efficient irrigation systems.

85 http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/old/more.php?news_id=128081&date=2012-04-28 (Harnessing Surface Water for Irrigation Purposes, The Financial express. VOL 20 NO 309 REGD NO DA 1589 | Dhaka, Saturday April 28 2012)

Figure 19: Groundwater table depth in Northern Bangladesh

Source: WDB

-8.5-8.0-7.5-7.0-6.5-6.0-5.5-5.0-4.5-4.0-3.5

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

GWT

Dept

h (m

)

GWT Depth Linear (GWT Depth)

43

4.2.2 Policy developments/programme underway and needs for further action

Programme 2 of the CIP channelled 2,679 million USD in 2013/14, 21.2% of the total CIP budget, of which 1,891 million USD is already financed (78% and 22% respectively from GoB and DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 2 increased by 8.2% over the previous year, due to increased financed budget. It consists of four sub-programmes with a total of 22 concluded, 40 ongoing and 20 pipeline projects. Under sub-programme 2.2, on improve and increase efficiency of surface water irrigation, 14, 18 and 14 are respectively the number of completed, ongoing and pipeline projects, for a total of 130, 516 and 595 million USD allocated. Sub-programme 2.1, 2.3 and 2.4 financed respectively 327, 189 and 729 million USD. In 2013/14 budget delivery for programme 2 decreased by 2% to 225 million USD from 230 million USD in 2012/13 and increased by 46% from 154 million USD in 2010/11 (first year of CIP implementation). As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 2 was 758 million USD, which represents 40% of the programme’s financed budget.

The National Agricultural Policy (2013) suggests to increase surface water utilization and to reduce the use of groundwater for irrigation purpose. This change could both contribute to environmental preservation and water use sustainability, provide alternative to arsenic contamination of ground water and reduce irrigation costs. To attain these outcomes, steps to be taken on the supply side include: i) setting up a Management Information System, e.g. with data on groundwater, surface water, sea water levels, and salinity levels, especially in coastal areas, to improve overall water management and planning; ii) control capture, storage, conveyance and distribution of surface water, to improve coordination among users and institution involved in water and integrated-water management, and increase efficiency of surface water usage. Accordingly, the National River Protection Commission (NRPC) Act 2013, established a Commission to advise the Government and coordinate partner ministries on river water management with the aim of protecting river and other water bodies from illegal encroachment, pollution, and inappropriate usage.

The broad objective of the 20-year Master Plan of the Haor Development Board 2012 is to achieve sustainable development of haor areas by integrated planning and implementation through multi organizational involvement and community participation for optimum utilization of resources and reduction of poverty.


Ensure sustainable use of groundwater: While before the 1970s, Bangladesh’s agriculture was entirely dependent on surface water and monsoon rainfall86, currently, 79.1% of irrigated land in boro season utilizes underground source87. Moreover, about 82% of Dhaka city's water supply is abstracted from groundwater through 577 deep tube wells; four relatively small surface water treatment plants provide the remaining 18%88. City groundwater levels are consequently declining at two to three meters every year and city’s water table has sunk by 50 meters in the

86 United Nations Development Programme (1982). Ground Water Survey: the Hydro-geoligical Conditions of Bangladesh. Technical Report, UNDP, New York, 1982.DP/UN/BGD-74-009/1. 87 Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (2010). Minor Irrigation Survey Report 2009-10. BADC, Dhaka, p.3. 88 Khondaker, A.H (2006). Water Management in Dhaka”. Water Resources Development, 22(2): 291-311. doi:10.1080/ 07900620600677810 (http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900620600677810 10., p. 296).

44

past four decades89. Unless appropriate measures are taken, groundwater depletion is likely to further increase due to growing water demand exacerbated by the negative impact of climate change, such as increasing temperature and prolonged more severe droughts. In particular, managed aquifer recharge techniques to enhance groundwater recharge should be promoted nationwide; and harvesting of surface and rainwater should be supported, especially through excavation of existing canals, ponds, khals and waterbodies.

Improve irrigation efficiency and water productivity: Tested irrigation technologies practiced in south Asia provide evidences of efficiency and water productivity. Some of these technologies are drip and sprinkler system (pressurized irrigation system) and laser land levelling (precision land levelling). Drip and sprinkler irrigation systems are much more water-efficient than conventional basin irrigation practices. They have a conveyance efficiency of 100% and an application efficiency of 70-90%, while the corresponding figures for basin irrigation are 40-70% and 60-70%, respectively90. Farm trials in the Indian state of Bihar found that laser levelling reduced water use by up to 40% and increased application efficiency by up to 50%. It cuts time for irrigation by half, labor requirement by 35%, increases irrigated area by 2% and yields by 20-25%91. Axial flow pump, whose usage has recently increased, represents another irrigation technology which is more efficient than conventional irrigation systems. Thus, irrigation technologies should be chosen so that they become efficient and productive.

Enhance availability and use of surface water: Water table in the groundwater is going down at alarming rate in 192 upazilas due to over use of groundwater for irrigation. The NAP (2013) emphasized conservation and proper use of surface water by strengthening re-excavation of khals, ponds and other waterbodies to enhance conservation and utilization of surface water and encourage ground water recharge through watershed management, rainwater harvesting and establishment of water reservoirs. Use of surface water in irrigation cuts crop production cost sharply as it reduces consumption of chemical fertilizer as well as irrigation expenditure.

Enrich and update a data bank on water resources: Creating and updating data base is necessary to monitor ground water level, flood, drainage, salinity, arsenic levels in the dry and monsoon seasons in Bangladesh. The data base helps better understand water storage capacity of the soil, ground water level, water level impact on the river bank area, ground water flow, potential salinization risk, urban ground water quality, and so on. Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO) has developed National Water Resources Database (NWRD). The data contained in NWRD have been collected from a wide range of sources and agencies; data are also captured from satellite images, aerial photographs and hardcopy maps. These databases should be made available to the concerned water resources authority so that pragmatic plans can be made.

89 Wadud, Musfique (2011)”Dhaka turns on rainwater harvesting to ease water crisis” (http:// www.trust.org/alternet/news/dhaka-turns-to-rainwater-to-ease-wwater-crisis). Alternate (Retrieved 24 October 2011). 90 Narayanamoorthy A. 2006. Potential of Drip and Sprinkler irrigation in India, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, India. 91 IRRI. 2009. Socio-economics of integrated crop and resource management in the rice-wheat systems of South Asia: Site contrasts, adoption and impacts using village survey findings. International Rice Research Institute.

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Use arsenic free groundwater for irrigation and domestic purposes: Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh threatens the health of up to 30 million people. Level of arsenic in drinking water is so high that WHO describes arsenic contamination of Bangladesh’s water supply as “the largest poisoning of a population in history”92. People may be exposed to arsenic not only through drinking water, but indirectly by consuming food crops irrigated by contaminated water93. Since rice is the region’s staple food, arsenic contamination could also negatively impact food security if concentrations reach toxic levels. Arsenic was found as high as 80 mg per kg of soil in an arsenic contaminated area in the presence of arsenic contaminated irrigation water94. It is therefore necessary to avoid using arsenic contaminated water for irrigating crops.

Develop effective flood control and river erosion measures: Most of the flood control embankments experienced breaching since their completion. Their effectiveness in reducing the impacts of flooding on the natural environment, economic activities, and private property is therefore undermined. Solutions to flooding problems require an understanding of the long-term factors that contribute to increased floods, which include: unplanned urbanization, soil erosion, local relative sea-level rise, inadequate sediment accumulation, subsidence and compaction of land, riverbed aggradation, and deforestation. To mitigate flooding propensity in Bangladesh, both the Government and the private sector need to adopt watershed-scale best management practices (BMPs) designed to: (a) reduce the run-off, (b) increase the carrying capacity of drainage system, and (c) increase land elevations. Proposed BMPs are: floodplain zoning, planned urbanization, restoration of abundant channels, dredging of rivers and streams, increased elevations of roads and village platforms, building efficient storm sewer systems, establishing buffer zones along rivers, conservation tillage, controlled runoff near construction sites, adjustment of life-style and crop patterns, good governance and improving flood warning/preparedness systems.

Reduce salinity in coastal areas: Coastal areas constitute 20% of the country of which 53% are affected by different degrees of salinity. Agricultural land use in these areas is very poor. Declining land productivity with shift towards negative nutrient balance is among the main concerns with the food security problem in the country95. Between 1973 and 2009, the salinity prone areas increased from 0.83 million ha in 1973, to 1.02 millon ha in 2000 and to 1.06 million ha in 200996,97. This indicates that soil salinity has increased by 26.7% during the last 36 years (1973-2009). Protective embankment, provision of sluice gate on the embankment, land levelling, use of rainwater storage facilities, selection of kharif rice variety, keeping land covered in winter and summer months and provision of sub-surface drainage are some of the measures for tackling soil salinity and for preserving agricultural land.

92 FAO (2006). Arsenic threat in Bangladesh. FAO. Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Spotlight/May 2006. 93 FAO (2006). Arsenic contamination of irrigation water, soil and crops in Bangladesh: Risk implications for Sustainable agriculture and food safety in Asia. RAP publication 2006/20. FAO. 94 Haq, S.M. et al. (2006). Arsenic contamination in food chain: Transfer of arsenic into Food Materials through Groundwater irrigation. L. Health Popul. Nutr, 24(3): 305-316. 95 Haque, S.A. (2006). Salinity problems and crop production in coastal regions of Bangladesh . Pak. J. Bot ., 38(5): 1359-1365, 2006. 96 Awal, M.A. (2013) Adapting Social Safety net programme to climate change shocks. Issues and Options for Bangladesh. NFPCSP supported report, FAO, Dhaka. 97 SRDI (2012) Soil Resouorce Development Institute , MoA. Dhaka.

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4.3. Programme 3: Improved quality of input and soil fertility

Porgramme 3 aims at improving the availability of and access to quality inputs and soil fertility. It comprises 4 sub-programmes namely (1) enhancing the availability of agricultural inputs that is tested and certified for quality, (2) developing public-private partnerships through capacity development; (3) enhancing and improving sustainability of soil fertility management; and (4) facilitating access to credit and other financial services for small holders and the poor. The programme is in line with the supply and sustainable use of agricultural inputs, agricultural credit and other productive inputs.

4.3.1 Progress towards achievement

Production and supply of cereal seeds declined, while that of vegetables increased In 2009/10, improved rice, wheat and maize seeds production registered a bumper increase by 127.7% compared to the previous year. Thereafter, increase in annual cereal seed production decelerated to 12.9% in 2011/12. Seed production and supply declined by 15.7% in 2012/13, and by 33.1% in 2013/14 (Table 11).


Annual change in improved rice, wheat and maize seeds production

9.8% 127.7% 12.9% -15.7% -33.1% MOA

Improved seeds supply (BADC, DAE & private companies) as % agronomic requirements

Rice 40.0% 44.5% 58.8% 52.4% 33.4%

MoA

Wheat 41.2% 67.0% 71.5% 56.5% 54.9% Maize 93.0% 84.2% 95.9% 74.4% 27.6% Potato 4.8% 3.3% 11.8% 9.5% 5.7% Pulses 1.5% 2.8% 11.8% 14.8% 8.3% Vegetables 35.8% 32.1% 19.8% 20.3% 28.2% Edible Oilseeds 3.5% 4.4% 11.5% 13.6% 5.0%

Supply of urea as % of estimated requirements 98.0% 81.7% 76.5% 89.0% 92.9%

MoA, Fertilizer Monitoring & Management

Unit

Supply of TSP as % of estimated requirements 82.1% 62.7% 81.1% 93.4% 100.5%

Supply of MP as % of estimated requirements 65.5% 52.9% 77.3% 65.6% 72.1%

Change in crop yields (moving average over 3 previous years)

Rice 3.1% 3.8% 3.0% 1.7% 2.3%

BBS Statistical Yearbooks &

communications with BBS

Agricultural Wing

Wheat 7.5% 9.6% 5.1% 7.7% 6.3% Maize 3.2% -0.7% 5.0% 4.3% 4.4% Potato 2.8% 9.3% 1.8% 2.0% 3.3% Pulses 2.1% 3.7% 3.6% 0.6% 9.8% Brinjal 5.5% 0.8% 2.2% 3.7% 10.4% Pumpkin 3.4% 1.6% -1.1% -2.2% 4.6% Beans 3.7% -0.2% 3.3% 0.7% 4.6% Lal Shak 0.2% 2.7% -0.4% -0.9% 2.1% Edible Oilseeds 4.5% 2.3% 4.0% 0.7% 3.5% Banana -1.4% -3.9% -3.7% 1.9% 4.2% Guava 0.4% 10.8% 5.8% 4.2% 15.5% Mango -2.2% 0.0% 4.5% 6.3% -2.9% Pineapple -4.1% -1.0% -7.2% -3.1% 1.5% Jackfruit -15.5% 2.3% -1.6% 1.1% 7.9%

Agricultural credit disbursement

billion Taka 85.8 111.2 131.3 146.7 160.4 Bangladesh Bank Annual Report

% of target 103% 97% 95% 104% 110%

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In 2013/14, supply of improved rice seeds reduced to 33% of agronomic requirements from 52% in 2012/13. Wheat seed supply slightly reduced to 55% of its agronomic requirements from 57%, over the same period. A severe decline is noticed for maize seed supply: from 74% to 28% of agronomic requirements, over the period 2012/13 – 2013/14. Looking at seed supply for non-cereal crops, while that of vegetables increased by 8 percentage points to 28% of agronomic requirements, seed supply of potato, pulses and edible oilseeds declined over the same period. Attainments of potato, pulses and edible oilseeds in 2013/14 reduced to 6%, 8% and 5% of their agronomic requirements from 10%, 15% and 14% respectively. The trend indicates that none of the crop seed supplies could meet their agronomic requirements.

Supply of Urea, TSP and MP kept improving Supply of all key fertilizers increased during the last three consecutive years, except for MP in 2012/13. In 2013/14, urea supply increased to 93% of its estimated requirements, from 89% in 2012/13. TSP estimated requirements slightly exceeded (101%) in 2013/14, 7 percentage points from the previous year. MP supply in 2013/14 was 72% of its estimated requirements showing a 6.5 percentage points increase compared to 2012/13 (Table 11).

Higher yields realised for most crops in 2013/14 Average yields of almost all the crops, except wheat and mango, improved over the period 2012/13 – 2013/14. On one hand, while change in yields for rice and oilseeds increased (2.3% and 3.5% respectively) from the previous year (1.7% and 0.7% respectively), they are still lower than the change registered in 2007/08, the baseline (3.1% and 4.5% respectively). Change in yields of potato (3.3%), pulses (9.8%), brinjal (10.4%), pumpkin (4.6%), beans (4.6%), lal shak (2.1%), banana (4.2%), guava (15.5%), pineapple (1.5%), jackfruit (7.9%) improved compared to both last year and the baseline (Table 11). On the other hand, change in crop yields for wheat and mango decreased to respectively 6.3% and -2.9%, from both the previous year (7.7% and 6.3%, respectively) and the baseline (7.5% and -2.2%, respectively). Yield levels can be further improved with increased use of quality seeds, point placement of USG, IPM and quality agro-chemicals, and mechanization.

Agricultural credit disbursement surpassed target Agricultural credit disbursement increased steadily from 85.8 billion taka in 2007/08 to 160.4 billion taka in 2013/14, and by 9% from 2012/13. Furthermore, it exceeded the target for both 2013/14 and 2012/13. Qualitative changes in the credit disbursement policy, increased credit facilities, monitoring credit disbursement by the Bangladesh Bank, transparent and timely disbursement provision of the Bank, preference to women credit delivery as well as the inclusion of private banks in credit disbursement and special loan provision for share croppers were some of the positive factors for the credit disbursement budget in 2013/1498.

4.3.2 Policy developments/programme underway and needs for further action

Programme 3 accounts for 3,177 million USD representing 25% of total CIP budget, of which 1,087 million USD is already financed (38% by GoB and 62% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 3 decreased by only 2% over the previous year, reflecting

98 Bangladesh Bank 2013. Of change and transformations. Bangladesh Bank: 2009-2013. Bangladesh Bank, Dhaka.

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combined increased in financed budget and reduction in the financial gap. It consists of four sub-programmes with a total of 19 completed, 13 ongoing and 9 pipeline projects. Sub-programme 3.1 on enhancing availability and quality of agricultural inputs, channels the bulk (98%) of financed budget within the programme. It allocated a total of 158, 929 and 2,090 million USD respectively to concluded, ongoing and pipeline projects. In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 3 increased to 333 million USD from 223 million USD in 2012/13 and from 55 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 3 was 727 million USD, which is 67% of the programme’s financed budget.

Cost of subsidies on fertilizers declined Subsidy to fertilizers constitutes a big financial burden for the Government: its share in the national budget increased from 4.1% to 5.3% over the period 2007/08–2012/13, while reduced to 3.9% in 2013/14. Urea absorbs the largest share of fertilizers’ subsidy which has been reducing from 2007/08 to 2011/12, while rebounded in the two following years (Figure 20). Urea subsidy requirements ranged from 20 to 48 billion taka over the period 2007/08–2013/14. The trend in fertilizers’ subsidy has been constantly increasing (except in 2009/10) from 35 to 119 billion taka, over the period 2007/08–2012/13. This sharp increase in subsidy was mainly due to increase in international fertilizer price vis-à-vis the much less variable domestic prices, with the difference covered by public finance. In 2013/14, however, subsidy to fertilizers reduced by 28% to 86 billion taka over the previous year due to lower international prices (Table 12).

Table 12: Cost of subsidies on urea and non-urea fertilizers during 2007/08 to 2013/14 Year Subsidies (billion taka) Change from previous fiscal year % of fertilizer

subsidies in national budget

% of urea subsidies in

fertilizer budget

Urea Non-urea

Total Urea Non-urea

Total

2007/08 31.55 3.79 35.34 na na na 4.1% 89% 2008/09 42.73 8.01 50.74 35.4% 111.3% 43.6% 5.1% 84% 2009/10 19.79 20.99 40.78 -53.7% 162.0% -19.6% 3.6% 49% 2010/11 25.71 29.71 55.42 29.9% 41.5% 35.9% 4.2% 46% 2011/12 23.28 46.24 69.52 -9.5% 55.6% 25.4% 4.3% 33% 2012/13 48.24 71.00 119.00 107.2% 53.5% 71.2% 5.3% 40% 2013/14 34.02 52.41 86.43 -29.48% -26.22 -27.48 3.88% 39%

Source: MoA

Urea price declined while other fertilizers’ price remained unchanged Urea prices declined from taka 20 per kg to taka 16 per kg in 2013/14. TSP, MP and DAP prices remained unchanged (except MP price in 2011/12) over the last four years. Sales of urea, TSP and MP declined by 83, 29 and 152 million MT respectively, while DAP sales increased by 118 thousand MT over the period 2011/12–2013/14 (Table 13).

Figure 20: Fertilizers and urea subsidies in national budget

Source: MoA

0%

20%

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60%

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100%

% o

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Fertiliser subsidy in national budgetUrea subsidy in fertiliser budget

49

Table 13: Domestic fertilizer prices and sales, 2008-09 to 2013-14 Period Price (Taka/kg) Sales (Thousand MT)

Urea TSP MP DAP Urea TSP MoP DAP 2008/09 6 28 267 36 2533 165 82 16 2009/10 12 80 70 90 2409 420 263 136 2010/11 12 22 15 27 2655 591 507 353 2011/12 20 22 16 27 2296 641 603 403 2012/13 20 22 15 27 2247 654 571 434 2013/14 16 22 15 27 2213 612 451 521

Source: MoA

Non-cereal seed supply improved Some improvement in the non-cereal seed supply by the private sector has taken place in 2013/14. There was no private supply of wheat and pulse seeds in 2012/13 whereas private entities had a good stake in 2013/14 (Table 14). Of the total seed distribution, public contribution constituted 99.4% for HYV wheat, 98.4% for pulses, 93% for oilseeds and 72.2% for potato. On the other hand, distribution was dominated by private entities for crops like maize and vegetables. The households themselves contributed the lion’s share of total unmet seed supply of public and private entities, which ranged from 24% to 94%. The quality of own seed (saved from previous harvest) is likely to be low even though affordable for many small farmers.

Table 14: Contribution of different actors in non-rice seed production, 2013/14 Crops Seed

requirement (MT)

Seed distribution sector Contribution share Public Private Total requirement (%) Total supply (%)

Public Private Self Public Private Wheat 50400 27500 180 54.56 0.36 45.28 99.35 0.65 Maize 9510 300 2320 3.15 24.40 72.45 11.45 88.56 Pulse 28735 2353 39 8.19 0.14 91.67 98.37 1.63 Oilseeds 18840 883 67 4.69 0.36 94.95 92.95 7.05 Vegetable 1677 126 1142 7.51 68.10 24.39 9.93 90.07 Potato 660000 27122 10470 4.11 1.59 94.30 72.15 27.85 Jute 5930 1000 730 16.86 12.31 70.831 57.80 42.20

Source: MoA


Produce more quality seed and improve distribution: Agricultural production can be increased by 15 to 20% through use of quality seed, keeping other things constant. The legal and regulatory framework for seed is currently provided by (i) the National Seed Policy (NSP), 1993; (ii) the Seed Ordinance, 1977 (Amendments in 1997 and 2005); and (iii) the Seed Rules, 1998. The Plant Quarantine Regulation is considered as part of the regulatory framework as it also affects the seed sector. The Plant Variety and Farmers’ Rights Protection Act, 2009, and the proposed National Plant Genetic Resources Institute (NPGRI) are also critical components of plant breeding and the seed system in Bangladesh.

The National Seed Policy (NSP) of 1993 and Seed Rules of 1998 paved the way for active participation of the private sector and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in seed production. The intention of the NSP was to gradually rationalize and decentralize the national seed sector and attract private investment in the seed sector. Given the new policy framework, the Government provided a conducive environment (policy, institutions and infrastructure) for investments and initiatives in the private seed sector. The increased participation of private sector actors in

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seed production is also a result of several donor-driven Government projects. Numerous NGOs and private companies (BRAC, Lal Teer, Syngenta, ACI) are already involved in seed multiplication and marketing. Increased private-public partnership and greater involvement of NGOs are needed for the production and dissemination of good quality seeds.

Reduce nitrogen loss through increased use of USG and reap higher yield: Urea is the most dominant nitrogen fertilizer being used in Bangladesh. However, broadcast application of urea causes high losses. To avoid urea nitrogen losses, point placement of USG has been developed and is being popularized in the country, particularly in rice production. A study showed that split urea yields 5.7 t/ha in dry season rice and 4.0 t/ha in wet season rice while deep placement of USG provides 6.2 t/ha and 5.1 t/ha rice99. USG application provides higher yield in potato as well100. Cultivated lands using USG get three times better results than the lands cultivated by urea sprayed by hands and the traditional methods101. For reducing nitrogen losses, increasing yield and reducing cost of urea, broadcasting of urea application should be replaced by USG applications. DAE should give more emphasis on expansion and dissemination of USG use.

Promote IPM and use of quality agrochemicals: Farmers generally use chemical application against pests and in many cases they do not apply it in appropriate dosages. Studies indicate that about 20% of agricultural produce potential is lost due to pest attacks. IPM is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest populations. Since chemical pesticides are expensive for poor farmers, IPM offers the prospect of lower production costs and higher profitability. A research shows that productivity of IPM rice farming is not significantly different from the productivity of conventional farming102. In addition, IPM results in substantial health and ecological benefits. However, externality problems make it difficult for farmers to adopt IPM individually. Without collective adoption, neighbours’ continued reliance on chemicals to kill pests will also destroy helpful parasites and predators. This will also expose IPM farmers and local ecosystems to chemical spillovers from adjoining fields. Successful IPM adoption will therefore depend on institutional support for collective action.

Biological alternatives to pesticide use are generally organic, herbal insecticides that are nonhazardous and do not decrease soil fertility or the health of the surrounding areas. Crop rotations or diversification is another practice that involves planting of different crops after a season, so as to not exhaust the soil nutrients, or to deprive newly hatched insect pests of their food. Biological control agents that do not harm the crops or surrounding environment can be used to manage pest populations.

99 Bowen Walter (2005).Urea Deep Placement as an Option for Increasing Nitrogen Efficiency. A presentation prepared for Rce –Wheat Consortium Meeting, Dhaka Bangladesh.6-8 February 2005. http://betuco.be/compost/Rice%20Urea%20Deep%20placement%20Bangladesh.pdf 100 Haque, S.A. (2002) Urea super granule point placement on potato: a new concept. Symposium # 14, paper # 2030, poster presentation. 17th WCSS 14-21 August, Thailand. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.10.3311&rep=rep1&type=pdf 101 Sikhdar, R. and Jian Xiaoying (2014). Urea Sulpher Granule as key conductor in agricultural productivity development in Bangladesh. Developing country Studies, Vol. 4., No. 6. 102 Dasgupta S, et. al. (2004). Is Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture Less Profitable for Farmers? Evidence on integrated Pest Management in Bangladesh. Development Research Group World Bank, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3417, September 2004. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=625294

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There are some non-biological alternatives as well. Use of nets and small light traps can capture and prevent pest from reaching crops. The use of pheromones is also practised in Bangladesh. Such alternative biological and non-biological practices need to be promoted to gradually reduce the use of harmful agrochemicals103.

4.4. Programme 4: Fisheries and aquaculture development

Programme 4 seeks to sustainably increase fishery production through four sub programmes to (1) develop small scale aquaculture, through access to quality inputs, advice and skills; (2) improve the management of fishery resources; (3) develop public private partnership in support of infrastructure and services development; and (4) promote production in southern districts through sustainable shrimp and prawn development and community based management of wetland. Programme 4 relates to NFP PoA area of intervention 1.4, which strives to diversify agriculture through production of fish, among other things.



GDP from fishery sector as % of agriculture GDP (excluding forest), at constant price 1995-1996

23.6% 22.5% 23.6% 24.53% 25% Bangladesh Economic

Review

Annual change in quantity of fish production 5.0% 7.3% 6.50% 4.54% 4.25%

Fisheries Statistical

Yearbook (DOF) Annual change in fingerling production (finfish) 11.1% 2.4% 21.7% -9.75% 0.10% DoF

Number of new fish varieties developed 0 3

(2008/09) 0 0 0 BFRI

Fishery exports

value as % of total export 4.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.0% 2.26% DoF

- of which shrimp share, % 66% 66% 57% 84.00% 86.22% DoF

Contribution of fisheries to agricultural GDP increased marginally In 2013/14, the share of fisheries value added in agricultural GDP reached 25% which is 0.5 percentage points higher than in 2012/13 and 1.4 percentage points higher than in 2011/12. This indicates that the share of fisheries increased at a declining rate. During the last five years fisheries’ contribution to agricultural GDP remained within 22.5% to 25% (Table 15).

Structural change in fishery affecting fish production Bangladesh fisheries sector has undergone a structural transformation. In the early eighties, the dominant contributor was inland capture fishery, particularly the rivers and floodplains-estuaries. This scenario started changing from late eighties and is currently reversed: inland capture fishery contributes 28%, while inland culture fishery represents 55% of the total fish production104. This major change is mainly due to the destruction of fish habitat in the rivers, resulting from a variety of anthropogenic factors (use of agrochemicals, pesticides

103 Islam, A(2012). Pheromone use for insect control: present status and prospect in Bangladesh. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov & Tech 2(10):47-55 104 DoF (2014). National Fish Week 2014. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka.

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and fertilizer in crops, siltation and rising of riverbeds, river encroachment, construction of brickfields, and blockage of river flow to cultivate fish). This has gradually encouraged the culture fishery which has the potential to positively impact on economic growth and poverty reduction. To exploit the potential of fish production, investments in improving and sustainably exploiting fish habitats such as rivers, and other wetland such as haors, baors and beels are fundamental.

Fish production kept increasing at declining rate In 2013/14, fish production increased to 3,548 thousand MT, by 4% over the previous year and by 38% over 2007/08. These figures compared with 5% registered in 2012/13 and 7% in 2011/12. Fish production kept on increasing (except for capture), but at a declining rate, over the period 2007/08–2013/14 (Figure 21). The largest share (55%) of fish production is from the inland culture fishery, which increased by 5% over last year and by 10% over 2007/08.

Shrimp production accelerated Shrimp production increased to 240 thousand MT, by 3% over the previous year and by 7% over 2007/08. In 2013/14, share of shrimp production from inland capture, inland culture and marine fishery were 19%, 61% and 20% respectively. Inland capture, inland culture and marine fishery productions grew by respectively 3%, 3.6% and 2.9% over the previous year (Figure 22). Furthermore, while inland capture and marine fishery productions both declined over the baseline (39% and 10% respectively), inland culture increased by 54% over the baseline.

Hilsha production kept increasing Hilsha is the national fish of Bangladesh and earns considerable amount of foreign currency from exports. Its production increased to 385 thousand MT, by 10% over the previous year and by 33% over 2007/08. Hilsha is currently mainly captured from marine sources (67%) and to a lower extent from rivers (33%) (Figure 23).

Figure 21: Trend in fish production

Source: Department of Fisheries

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Figure 22: Trend in shrimp production


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Figure 23: Trend in hilsha production


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Fingerling production recovered marginally from sharp decline Fingerling (finfish) production appeared to be very volatile over the period 2007/08–2013/14. In 2013/14, it increased marginally (0.1%) over 2012/13 which compares with a reduction of 10% in 2012/13 and to an increase of 22% in 2011/12 (Table 15).

Status of development of new fish varieties remained unchanged No new fish variety has been developed since 2009/10. However, although no new variety is officially reported, BFRI research is contributing to the development of new breeding techniques for a number of existing fish varieties. Success in the breeding technique of Parshe, Kunchia and breeding culture technique of crucian carp are significant achievements105. BFRI and WorldFish’s joint efforts have succeeded in pioneering the production of crablets in Bangladesh. The Government has initiated the development of crab fishery through the approval of a Development Project Proposal (DPP) which will lead to commercial production of crab in the coastal areas. Value of fisheries export increased Fisheries share in total export value declined from 4% to 2%, over the period 2007/08–2012/13. Of the total fisheries export value, shrimp share ranged from 66% to 86% over the period 2007/08-2013/14. However, fisheries export share slightly improved in 2013/14 and reached 2.26% (Table 15). Fishery export value increased constantly over the reference period (except in 2012/13), and reached 48 billion taka in 2013/14, by 11% over 2012/13 and by 41% over 2007/08. Exports quantity has been steadily decreasing since 2009/10. It reached 77 thousand MT in 2013/14, decreased by 9% over the previous year, and increased by 3% over the baseline (Figure 24).

4.4.2 Policy developments/ programme underway and needs for further action

Programme 4 of the CIP accounts for 442 million USD representing 3.5% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 305 million USD is already financed (84% by GoB and 16% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 4 decreased by 7.5% over the previous year, due to a large reduction in projects’ pipeline. It consists of four sub-programmes with a total of 5 concluded, 31 ongoing and 13 pipeline projects. Sub-programme 4.2 (improved management of fisheries resources) receives the largest share of financing (82.6%) under the programme, for a total of 19, 233 and 90 million USD for completed, ongoing and pipeline projects. Sub-programme 4.1 (develop small scale acquaculture) is the other most relevant sub-programme in terms of financing (13.8%), for a total of 6, 36 and 46 million USD of completed, ongoing and pipeline projects respectively. Sub-programmes 4.3 and 4.4 share the programme’s residual budget (3%).In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 4

105 Chakravarty, 2014: BFRI in fisheries development: recent research activities and achievements. In National Fish Week 2014: Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Figure 24: Export quantity and value

Source: DoF

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increased by 46% to 54 million USD, from 37 million USD in 2012/13 and from 37 million USD in 2010/11, the first implementation year. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery for programme 4 was 163 million USD, which represents 53% of the programme’s financed budget.

The national aquaculture development strategy and action plan of Bangladesh (2013–2020) encompasses improving the welfare of the resource-poor people depending on the aquatic resources for livelihood, reducing poverty by stimulating employment and improving income, conserve or enhance the natural resources on which livelihoods are based, promote the sustainable development of rural communities, increase export earnings, and contribute to the resources of the nation and improvement of people’s welfare.

The 'National Shrimp Policy 2014' aims to boost shrimp production and thus raise export earnings since shrimp plays an important role in the country's economy. The main objectives of this policy include development of the shrimp quality, increasing production, training and research, biodiversity conservation and specifying cultivation areas.

A number of measures have been taken to manage the open water fisheries resources. These include: Fisheries Legislations, measures for hilsa Fishery Management, Protection of Natural Breeding Ground Halda, Provision for Fishers ID Card, Integrated Natural Resource Management by local users for conserving the biodiversity and livelihoods in the selected wetlands and floodplains, Fish Habitat Restoration measures, Fish Production and Resource Conservation Campaign and finalization of draft National Marine Fisheries Policy 2015.


Enhance pond productivity: Ponds contribute significantly to the production of fish in Bangladesh. In 2012/13, ponds contributed 78% of the production of inland closed waterbodies, 51% of production of all inland waterbodies and 42% of all fish production106. In 2013/14, pond contribution to fish production is expected to be higher than the previous year. The Annual Report 2013 of the DoF shows that share of extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive pond farming practices constituted 4.6%, 45.3% and 50% respectively107. More than 50% ponds are yet to come under intensive farming. Increasing production of fish necessitates bringing more ponds under intensive farming systems.

Reduce yield gap: Yield gap is very high in Bangladesh. A study showed that overall yield gap (difference between potential yield and actual yield) among the different farming intensities is about 54.3%108. This is another source of production loss. Pond farming yield in neighbouring countries (such as China, India, Thailand) is much higher than in Bangladesh. Therefore, reasons for yield losses due to biotic and abiotic factors (diseases, poor water quality, adverse climate or weather, technical inefficiency, lack of credit and poor knowledge, inputs unavailability etc.) need to be identified and remedial measures need to be taken to improve the productivity of the pond.

Improve fish habitat for Hilsha and other species: Due to various anthropogenic activities, climate change effects, increased siltation and rising of river basins, the

106 DOF (2015). Fish Week 2014. Sankalan (in Bangla). Matsya Bhaban, Dhaka. 107 DoF 2014 Annual Report 2013, DoF, MOFL). 108 Dey, M.M., M.F. Alam and M.L. Bose (2010). Demand for Aquaculture development: perspective from Bangladesh for improved planning. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2: 16-32.

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migratory routes as well as spawning grounds of Hilsha are disturbed, displaced or even destroyed109. During the last two decades Hilsha production from inland waters (rivers) declined about 20%, whereas marine water production increased about 3 times. Major Hilsha has gradually shifted from inland to marine water. Riverine habitat of Hilsha fish is not conducive currently due to which Hilsha is migrating toward marine waters. Strict regulation to control anthropogenic activities can improve the habitat and restore the heritage of Hilsha production in Bangladesh. Equally important is the restoration of habitat for other species. Measures to increase the flow of rivers and establish links between rivers, beels and haors need to be taken to open the migratory routes of fish.

Develop low cost feed and feed industry: Feed is the main component of the production, accounting for 80 to 90% of the total production cost. Because of the inability of the production to expand horizontally, more feed intensive production practices need to be adopted. In order to enable the farmers to use more feed, cheap and more effective feed needs to be made available. Research should be undertaken to inform the production of innovative cheap feed in this regard.

Explore export potential of Pangas and Tilapia: Pangas and Tilapia fillets are accepted worldwide; it is therefore important to explore their market potential. Vietnam is a key player in the World Pangas trade. It had 98% stake in global export of fillets and fish in 2009110. Vietnam expects that their Pangasius export is going to range from 1.75 to 1.85 billion USD in 2015111. In 2014, the USA market was key for Vietnamese Tilapia, importing 1,745 MT valued at 5.24 million USD (4.83 million Euro), and accounting for 18.2% of its exports112. Bangladesh has tremendous potential to produce Tilapia and Pangas. To compete with Vietnam, Bangladeshi farms have to reduce feed cost and increase productivity of Pangas and Tilapia. Therefore, efforts should be made to expand export of Pangas and Tilapia fillet to Europe, America and other world markets.

Development of crab seed hatchery: A joint initiative between the USAID-Aquaculture for Income and Nutrition project and the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) in Cox’s Bazar has been successful for production of crab seed up to the crablets size. This research needs to be strengthened. Crab hatcheries need to be established to make crab seed available and reduce wild catch of crablets from Sundarbans. Moreover, the BFRI Santahar sub-centre started to successfully implement artificial breeding of mud eel which is a capture species113. In order to start its seed production, hatchery facilities need to be established in the near future as well for mud eel.

109 Mia, M.S. (2015). Climateic and anthropogenic factors changing spawning pattern and production zone of hilsha fishery in the Bay of Bengal. Weather and Climate. Extreme. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2015.01.001 110 Financial Express, 28 September, 2009. 111 http://www.undercurrentnews.com/2014/12/31/vietnam-pangasius-exports-to-hold-steady-in-2015/ 112 http://www.seafoodsource.com/all-commentary/27833-tilapia-could-take-off-in-vietnam-as-pangasius-problems-persist 113 Chakrabartee, S.C. (2014). BFRI in Fishery Development: Recent Research Activities and Achievements. In National Fish Week 2014. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fishery and Livestock, Dhaka.

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4.5. Programme 5: Livestock development with focus on poultry and dairy production

Programme 5 aims to sustainably increase livestock production by improving technological adoption, animal health and resilient management practices. This corresponds to NFP PoA AoI 1.4 on agricultural diversification, which among others has the objective to boost livestock production. The programme is divided in four sub-programmes to: (1) strengthen animal health services, including better diagnosis and surveillance systems to mitigate disease outbreaks; (2) strengthen husbandry capacity at household level through community based improved knowledge and advisory services; (3) improve availability and quality of inputs through public-private partnerships; and (4) conduct research on livestock development, including genetic improvement.



GDP from livestock sector as % of agricultural GDP (excluding forest, at constant price (2005-06)

12.7% 12.4% 12.2% 12.3% 12.1% BBS

Statistical Yearbooks

Total production of

Eggs (million) 5653.2 5742.4 7304 7617 10168 MoF, Bangladesh Economic Review

Milk (million MT) 2.65 2.37 3.47 5.07 6.1

Meat (million MT) 1.04 1.26 2.33 3.62 4.52

Annual change in artificial insemination 1.56% 15.25% 10.11% 7.40% 2.91% DLS, MoFL

Annual change in number of poultry deaths due to avian flu 333% 274% -75.4% -95.1% -97.99% DLS, MoFL

Livestock share in agricultural GDP remained stable In 2013/14, the share of livestock value added in agricultural GDP (excluding forestry, including fishery) was registered at 12.1%, down from 12.3% registered in the previous year (Table 16). The 3% livestock yearly growth rate compares against 1.9% registered in the crop sector, and 6.5% in fishery sector. Over the reference period, livestock share in agricultural GDP followed a slightly decreasing trend from 12.7 registered in 2007/08 (Table 16).

Livestock production increased The trend in production of livestock commodities steadily increased over the reference period (2007/08–2013/14). In particular, between 2012/13 and 2013/14, production of eggs, milk, and meat registered an encouraging +33.5%, 20.1%, and 39.9%, respectively. The progress registered in livestock production represents a positive response to food consumption diversification, which is so far mainly characterized as urban phenomenon. In order to sustain the progress, it is

Figure 25: Milk yields per dairy bovine in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan

Source: FAOSTAT

0

350

700

1050

1400

Milk

Yie

lds (

Kg/H

ead)

Bangladesh India Pakistan

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necessary to improve the availability of data by establishing a livestock database. The trend in milk yields in Bangladesh is much lower than those registered in India and Pakistan (Figure 25). The productivity of common local cow is generally lower for both milk and meat114. Cross and selective breeding are required to promote breeds adapted to the local environment to boost productivity.

Progress in artificial insemination decelerated Artificial insemination represents one of the most effective techniques to improve livestock breeds and in turn productivity and profitability of cattle operations. While the production of semen (both liquid and frozen) has improved in recent years, artificial insemination had a decreasing trend since 2009/10, with a recent reduction of 4.5 percentage points, down to 2.9% over the period 2012/13–2013/14.

Poultry deaths became insignificant Poultry deaths, due to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), have been constantly reducing since 2007/08, and recently reported outbreaks became almost insignificant, with only two reported outbreaks in 2014. FAO technical support financed by USAID set-up a system for early detection, diagnosis and response including strengthening of disease surveillance through a web-based SMS gateway system. This gateway system reduced the time lag between disease detection and response from 4.5 to 1.5 days115. This is in addition to GoB control measures of culling of infected poultry, movement control and compensation mechanism to reimburse affected poultry farmers. In late 2012/13, the Government also introduced HPAI experimental vaccination initially in two districts but currently covering nine districts of Bangladesh.

Biogas production The growing livestock’s waste production threatens the natural environment, for instance by contaminating fresh water sources. DLS has consequently decided to increase the national biogas production capacity by installing 500 biogas plants in 2013/14, with the target expected to increase to 600 plants by 2016/17. DLS has to collaborate and develop synergies with private actors involved in the biogas sector (Infrastructure Development Company Limited; Sustainable Energy for Development - SED Programme, supported by the Bangladesh Ministry of Power, Energy, and Mineral Resources and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit- GIZ).

4.5.2. Policy development /programmes underway and needs for further action

Programme 5 of the CIP accounts for 235 million USD in 2013/14 (2% of the total CIP budget) of which 135 million USD is financed (64% by GoB and 36% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 5 decreased by 17.5% over the previous period, due to a substantial drop in pipeline projects’ budget. It includes 4 sub-programmes with 8 completed, 18 ongoing and 18 pipeline projects. Under sub-programme 5.4, on research for livestock development, 4, 8 and 7 are respectively the number of completed, ongoing and 114 Depending on the study, the milk yields from local breed cows are estimated from 30% (Hemme T. et al. (2004). “A Review of Milk Production in Bangladesh with Particular Emphasis on Small-Scale Producers”, Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI), FAO, Working Paper No 7, 5 January 2004) to 50% of those from crossbreeding cows (Karim Zahurul et al. (2010). “Growth and Development {Potential of Livestock and Fisheries in Bangladesh”), Bangladesh Food Security Investment Forum, 26-27 May 2010). 115 http://www.itu.int/net4/wsis/stocktaking/projects/Project/Details?projectId=1386759691

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pipeline projects, for a total of 23, 52 and 45 million USD allocated. Sub-programme 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 financed respectively 35, 19, and 6 million USD, with a pipeline of 4, 7, and 45 million USD, respectively. In 2013/14, budget delivery for programme 5 reduced to 23 million USD from 24 million USD in 2012/13 and from 21 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. This was mainly due to a substantial drop in DPs’ delivery: from 14 million USD in 2010/11 to only 4 million USD in 2013/14. The programme’s cumulative delivery was 85 million USD, which represents 63% of the programme’s financed budget.

Implementation of the National Livestock Extension Policy (2013) With the goal of making Bangladesh self-reliant in meeting the growing internal demand of milk, meat and eggs, the 2013 National Livestock Extension Policy (NLEP) has been drafted. NLEP aims to: i) strengthen research-extension-farmers linkages for better access to technology, information and marketing channels; ii) promote sustainable improvements in safe milk, meat and eggs production, processing and value addition; iii) stimulate private sector participation and investments; iv) contribute to national food security and improved nutrition; v) strengthening of health services, epidemiology of disease and diagnostic facilities, disease surveillance and reporting; vi) support farmers in adopting suitable technology through capacity building of both farmers and extension providers, as well as other agents throughout the value chain. The Policy also stressed the need to support producers’ organizations in order to enable demand-led extension services and FIAC housed at Union Parishad complex for one stop extension service provision (see Programme 1). GoB needs to approve and support the implementation of NLEP by focusing on its regulatory role in the area of poultry and livestock farming, veterinary services and veterinary public issues, in order to facilitate private sector investments in the livestock sector116.

Expansion of targets for vaccination and artificial insemination programmes Between 2010/11 and 2012/13, 537 million doses of livestock and poultry vaccines117 of 17 varieties were produced; livestock and poultry were accordingly treated. In 2013/14, the target for vaccine doses was 410 million, which represented a huge increase compared to 177 million vaccine doses produced and distributed over the previous year. Moreover, in 2012/13, DLS provided veterinary treatment services to 56 million cattle and poultry birds, which compares to the 2013/14 target of 60 million. In 2012/13, around 345 million semen doses were produced and used for artificial insemination of cows, under the Government’s livestock breeding programmes, while the target for 2013/14 increased up to 379 million118. To achieve the revised target the livestock extension service need to be strengthened.

A Veterinary Drug Administration Cell is operating to make available quality drugs and vaccines for livestock. An FAO-USAID supported project titled “Improving food security of women and children by enhancing backyard and small-scale poultry production in the Southern Delta Region”, is developing the capacity of community vaccinators through training and vaccination kits distribution to ensure prevention of poultry diseases in the project area. As of December 2014, the project distributed 8,500 birds in 13 villages. A three-day training course, supported by DLS, was designed with a mix of theoretical instruction and demonstration/practice to establish village-level vaccination119. 116 National Livestock Extension Policy (2013) - Final Draft 20 January 2013. 117 This compares with the 604 million doses administered between 2009/10 and 2011/12. 118 Finance Division, MoF 2014. Mid-term Budgetary Framework (MTBF) 2014/15 to 2016/17 – Ministry of Fishery and Livestock – Medium Term Expenditure. 119 http://www.fao.org/bangladesh/news/detail-events/en/c/272971/

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Enhanced livestock productivity and technology adoption The Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project (IAPP, 2011-2016) aims to enhance the productivity of agriculture (crop, livestock and fisheries) in selected agro-ecologically constrained and economically depressed areas,120 and ensure better water management. In particular, the target for livestock is the production of 1.75 litre of milk per cow per day, for 60,000 beneficiaries within 3,000 Livestock Rearer Groups (LRGs for cow, goat, and backyard poultry rearers’ groups) by the end of the project (2016). To reach the target, DLS is ensuring technological adoption and training. The project’s activities include: groups’ formation; beneficiary training; livestock-specific package distribution; fodder demonstrations; vaccination, de-worming and fertility health campaigns. The primary responsibilities of the groups’ members are to adopt the technology promoted under demonstration, and to undertake group activities related to learning and inputs’ distribution.

As of June 2014, 1,939 groups (out of 3,000 targeted) have been formed, while a total of 38,780 (out of 60,000 targeted) farmers improved breed/husbandry practices. Out of the 38,780 adopter-farmers, 31,024 (88% female and 12% men) were able to reach the production target (1.75 litre/cow/day). Group members received training and inputs, including vaccination, medication and de-worming.

Promoting hybrid cattle for higher productivity DLS is promoting cross-breeding techniques to increase the number of hybrid cattle. Besides, under technical and financial assistance from IAPP, several private organizations, such as BRAC, in collaboration with the public sector, have established artificial insemination centres in remote areas. These centres also provide on-the-farm services, which have higher rate in successful crossbreeding operations. As of August 2014, the regional artificial insemination laboratory in Rajshahi has been made operational with the objective of preserving imported high quality semen, and producing high quality semen from crossbreed bulls. In addition, an adjacent Fodder Farming Centre has been created to provide high yielding and nutritive fodder to the bulls.

Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within the livestock sector DLS started developing a Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Livestock Sector, in order to strengthen the capacity for disaster preparedness, management response and recovery. Training for 100 DLS officials on disaster and climate change responsive bio-security measures for poultry and dairy farms have been conducted during 2013. Twenty local veterinary assistants have been trained as part of a plan to develop emergency livestock workers in disaster prone areas. Needs for further action in this area include:

Boost productivity through crossbreeding and selection: The DLS-IAPP collaborative national project gave priority to develop hybrid/crossbreed cows with the target of achieving higher milk and meat productivity. It is important for the crossbreeding services to be provided within the client premises in order to improve reproductive performance (as performed by BRAC). Based on the normative standard of milk

120 These areas lie in Rangpur, Kurigram, Nilphamari and Lalmonirhat districts in the North and Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna and Jhalokathi districts in the South.

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consumption of 130 grams of milk per day, for a population of around 158.2 million, 7.5 MMT of milk should be made available to provide enough milk to Bangladesh. This figure compared to the 6.9 MMT currently produced. Moreover, development of suitable poultry breed should also be strengthened. In this context, Aftab Bohumukhi Farm Limited has recently started contract breeder stock farming. Its hatchery production system is now run with domestic grandparent stocks, with the related import dependency drastically reduced121.

Promote dairy processing technologies: Post-harvest losses are high due to inadequate handling and processing at different stages of the supply chain, especially in preservation and transportation122. The Horticulture Export Development Foundation developed secondary ‘product manufacturing technology’ for preparation of cheese, yogurt, ghee, rasogolla, chhana, etc., through their Supply Chain Development Component of the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) in collaboration with the World Bank, IFAD and GoB. The improved secondary ‘product manufacturing technology’ after proper demonstration has been disseminated to several upazillas at the form level in the country. As milk gets spoiled easily, improved preservation systems are essential for its long distance transportation. Some large corporate organizations such as PRAN, AFTAB and Milk Vita maintain their own cold chain transport facilities. Such facilities need to be made available to small-scale entrepreneurs.

Sustain school milk programmes for better nutrition while supporting dairy farmers: Introduction/expansion of school milk programmes could benefit children nutritional status and sustain the demand for small-scale dairy producers. FAO-Rabo Bank pilot project on “Linking School Milk with Smallholder Dairy Development in Tala, Satkhira, Bangladesh” (2012-2015) shows that there is room for enhancing children’s nutritional status, by increasing milk consumption, and sustaining dairy sector development by procuring milk, as well as stimulating the creation of pasteurization centres. In implementing the programmes, it is essential to have involvement of the private sector, promotion of nutrition awareness campaigns, and training on handling/preservation practices in schools of key staff members.

Improve quantity and quality of feed and fodder: One of the main constraints for livestock development is the fluctuation and availability of quality inputs, such as feed and fodder. Commercial production of green grass for dairy cattle is inadequate and represents an essential item of the daily feed. For extending fodder production, the Government fellow land, roadside slops, riverside slops, newly accreted char land should be used for fodder production through organized farmers community. The land attached to ULDC could be used as high yielding fodder seed production.

Ensuring quality and safety of animal feed is pivotal to prevent hazardous substances entering the food, and to reduce costs and increase profitability of livestock sector. Feed analysis aims at enabling the production of safe, balanced diet for livestock. The availability of accurate information on ingredients composition of feed, and in turn, establishing the level of desirable and undesirable substances is essential. In 2013/14, DLS has accordingly taken the decision to analyse around 1,500 feed

121 http://abflbd.com/Aftab.pdf. 122 Hortex Foundation (2013). Op. cit.

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samples. The target is expected to reach the 2,100 units by 2016/17. The process needs to be sustained in order to make available high quality feeds and fodder.

Sustain value addition in producing hides, skin, horn and bone: Leather and leather goods are the third most important export earner items in Bangladesh. Flaying techniques of the skin and animals’ health and nutrition status are key drivers determining the quality of the processed hides and skin. In particular, more investment should be made on improving: flaying technique to improve the quality of the produce, the quality of the breeds, and the health and disease management of the animals. Mechanized slaughterhouses and storage facilities also need to be increased. Within this context, there is scope to improve the efficiency in production processes to transform horn, hoofs and bones into valuable commodities (such as refined sugars, charcoal, fertilizers, glass, plastics, adhesives, pet food), which is largely underutilized. DLS should introduce training programme for butchers on flaying and grading of meat cuts and preservation of skins through curing. For quality control and certification of hides and skin, DLS would need to set up a wing and if necessary, through promulgation of an act. DLS may also work to prepare a comprehensive marketing policy for hides and skin123.

Support biogas production: As stressed by NLEP (2013), the livestock subsector has huge potential in renewable energy production. In Bangladesh only 43% of rural population has access to electricity, which is essential for lighting and cooking, and a vital driver for economic growth and poverty reduction. Around 90% of all households cook with traditional biomass, such as rice husks, jute sticks, cow dung, or wood; this makes biomass increasingly scarce and costly, while contributing to lower the level of organic nutrients in the soil124.

123 National Livestock Extension Policy (2013) - Final Draft 20 January 2013. 124 http://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2012-en-biogas-technology-bangladesh.pdf

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5. Access: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs

5.1. Programme 6: Improved access to markets, value-addition in agriculture, and non-farm incomes

Programme 6 of the CIP aims to increase access to food by boosting rural household incomes through greater farm and non-farm value-addition, combined with greater farmers’ access to markets, through four sub-programmes to: (1) improve physical access to market facilities and information; (2) mobilize and promote producer and marketing groups for improved market access and knowledge; (3) develop adequate storage, processing, value addition and reduce wastage through public-private partnerships; (4) promote and assist the development of off farm activities and rural businesses. The programme corresponds to the following seven AoIs in the NFP PoA: physical infrastructure (PoA AoI 1.6), agricultural marketing (PoA AoI 1.7), policy/regulatory environment (PoA AoI 1.8), private food trade (PoA AoI 2.3), agro-processing (PoA AoI 2.6), household income generation (PoA AoI 2.5) and skill formation (PoA AoI 2.7).

5.1.1 Progress towards achievements


Difference between farm gate and retail price of selected goods as % of

farm gate

Coarse rice 4.8% 1.0% 13.8% 8.3% 10.49%

DAM Lentil 39.3% 66.5% 129.9% 56.0% 2.5%

Onion 13.7% 39.1% 63.4% 12.1% 21.2% Brinjal 67.0% 45.9% 29.7% 24.5% 54.6% Potato 21.0% 25.3% 54.5% 37.6% 41.4%

Difference between dealers’ and farmers’

prices of fertilizers as % dealers price

Urea 19% - 25% 20% 11% 14% 14% MoA Circular

on mill gate price &

maximum farmers' price

TSP 3% - 6% 10% 10% 10% 10%

MP 17% - 31% 9% 15% 15% 15%

Number of growth centers, rural markets, women market centers, and Union Parishad Complexes developed by LGED

442 647 282 187 157 LGED M&E

Wage differential between male and female in agriculture 48% 43% 40% 40% 30%

Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics &

Monthly Statistical

Bulletin, BBS

Real GDP growth of small scale manufacturing 7.1% 7.8% 6.6% 8.8% 6.6%

Bangladesh Economic

Review (Bangla), BBS

Number of students enrolled in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions

89,637 125,594 144,904 177,831 177,329 (2013) Bangladesh

Economic Review & BANBEIS

Ratio of TVET students in year t to secondary and higher secondary school enrollment in year t-1

1.21% 1.84% 1.94% 2.34% 2.20%

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Differences between farm gate and retail prices widen The differences between farm gate and retail prices, known as price spread, generally represent farmers share in consumer’ spending. Table 17 shows that for most of the agricultural products under review, the differences increased. The lone exception was the price of lentil, for which the price difference decreased drastically which is difficult to be explained. The difference between farm gate and retail price of coarse rice increased moderately to 10.49% in 2013/14 from 8.3% in 2012/13. The highest difference was observed at 13.8% in 2011/12. For brinjal, the highest price difference was observed at 54.6% in 2013/14 compared to 24.5% in the preceding year. The price spread for potato has been historically high, representing 41.4% in 2013/14 compared to 37.6% in 2012/13 and 54.5% in 2011/12. The most fluctuating difference in the two prices was observed in the case of onion for which the price difference ranged from 12.1% in 2012/13 to 63.4% in 2011/12. The higher margin indicates that farmers were receiving lesser share of consumers’ spending. High cost of transport, wastage and loss of quality along the value chain may also contribute to the high margin. The increased margins for brinjal and potato may be partly explained by perishability of the products and disruption of transportation system resulting from frequent hartals during 2013/14. For onion, the fluctuation of margin may be attributed to domestic production shortfalls resulting from unfavorable weather and the consequent larger share of imported component in the total supply.

Figure 26 shows the difference between wholesale and retail prices of coarse rice from early 2009 to mid 2014. The difference was substantial up to August 2009 and then narrowed during December 2009 and August 2010. With brief widening between August and December 2010, the difference narrowed again in April 2011 and since then it continued to remain high. In fact, the difference between wholesale and retail prices of coarse rice remained substantially high in June 2014 the reasons for which need to be explored.

Difference between dealers’ and farmers’ prices of fertilizers remained stable It is sometimes alleged that farmers pay higher prices of fertilizers in relation to dealers’ price, in spite of the fact that the Government fixes fertilizer prices both at dealers’ and farmers’ level. Table 17 shows that the difference between dealers’ and farmers’ prices of different types of fertilizers generally ranged between 10% and 15% over the recent years which is consistent with the prices fixed at the two levels. Some exceptions were observed in the earlier periods of the series, particularly during 2007/08 which is marked as a year of food and fuel price crisis. Because of soaring international prices, domestic supply was

Figure 26: Difference between wholesale and retail prices of coarse rice

Source: DAM

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scarce and distribution was done through a kind of rationing which provided opportunities for rent seeking by the marketing agents.

Lesser progress on development of growth centres and rural markets There has been a declining trend in the development of new growth centres, rural markets, women market centres and Union Parishad complexes through Government initiatives. Table 17 shows that development of new growth centres decreased to 187 in 2012/13 and further decreased to 157 in 2013/14, compared to 442 and 647 in 2007/08 and 2009/10 respectively. However, many growth centres and rural markets are being developed through private initiatives. Such spontaneous growth is induced by rapid demand growth of consumables in the rural communities, resulting from income growth, remittances and change in attitudes to get out of localite perception125. The Finance Minister in his budget speech (2014-15) mentioned that 5,000 kilometres of new roads will be constructed and 10,000 kilometres of metal road will be repaired. He also mentioned that more than 2,000 growth centres will be connected with district headquarters. All Union Parishads will be transformed into vibrant habitat with all modern civic amenities126.

Wage difference between males and females in agriculture declined The wage difference between males and females in agriculture decreased from 40% in 2012/13 to 30% in 2013/14, which can be taken as a substantial positive change. This changed figure is based on officially recorded national statistics of BBS. There is also other empirical evidence showing the nature and magnitudes of male–female wage differentials. An ILO study found that women used to earn an average of 21% less per hour than men. By controlling differences in age, education, occupation and geographic location, the gender wage gap was found to be 15.9%. Gender-based occupational segregation increased the gender wage gap in the construction, financial intermediation and manufacturing works, but minimized it in the education, hotels and restaurants and other services. Education was found to play an important role in lowering gender wage gap in Bangladesh127.

Small scale manufacturing growth gets slower Growth of small scale manufacturing decelerated to 6.6% in 2013/14 from 8.8% in 2012/13. The same growth rate was observed in 2011/12 (Table 17). Although the growth rate is slightly above the GDP growth, this cannot be taken as a satisfactory rate in view of the fact that the Government considers small and medium enterprises (SME) as the thrust sector of the economy. The Finance Minister in his budget speech (2014/15) pledged to continue support in terms of credit and refinancing facilities to help develop labour intensive small, medium and cottage industries. He also emphasized expanding credit facilities to women entrepreneurs128. Bangladesh Bank has undertaken different programmes to provide relatively cheaper loans for SME sector. An amount of Taka 35.9 billion has been provided to different banks and financial institutions under refinance schemes until the end of June 2014. The total number of beneficiary enterprises stood at 42,661 under refinancing scheme in 2013/14. Special emphasis has been given to bring women entrepreneurs in the

125 With development of road transport network, electricity and telecommunication facilities, rural urban dichotomy is increasingly been replaced by rural-urban continuum which has been contributing to demand growth in rural areas. 126 Budget Speech (2014-15). Ministry of Finance. Government of the Peoples’ Republic of Bangladesh. June 2014. 127 Kapsoss(2008). The Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Working Paper Series. Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, ILO, Bangkok 2008. 128 Budget Speech 2014-15 op. cit.

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development process. Bangladesh Bank has reserved 10% of its SME financing fund for women entrepreneurs at a maximum annual interest rate of 10%129.

Technical and vocational training enrolment remained stable Enrolment in technical and vocational education did not increase in 2013/14, rather it marginally decreased. Enrolment steadily increased from 2007/08 and reached 177,831 in 2012/13. Total number of students enrolled in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) was recorded at 177,329 in 2013/14 which is not encouraging in a situation when the country needs increasing number of technically skilled manpower both for domestic and overseas markets. The ratio of TVET enrolment to Secondary and Higher Secondary school enrolment also marginally decreased to 2.20% in 2013/14 from 2.34% in 2012/13. The Finance Minister in his budget speech (2014/15) mentioned that training of international standard will be imparted to a total of 2 lakh 60 thousand individuals over a period of three years using 32 institutes of three ministries, SME department of Bangladesh Bank, PKSF and nine industrial organizations. The target is to produce skilled manpower of around 15 lakh by the next 10 years. The six priority sectors identified for employment of the skilled manpower are: (1) garment industry (2) construction sector (3) information technology (4) light engineering, (5) leather and footwear industry and (6) ship building130. An important consideration in skill development is to ensure increased participation of women and disabled persons in skill development training and activities. National campaigns on gender equality have resulted in remarkable increase in the number of women enrolling in TVET courses. There has been a 20% increase (compared to 2011 figure) in the female enrolment in TVET courses. The adoption of equal opportunity employment policies has led to a 20% increase in the female TVET instructors and managers131. There has also been improvement in involving disabled persons in skill development training. A picture of such development can be seen in Box 7.

5.1.2. Policy developments/programmes underway and need for further action

Programme 6 of the CIP has a budget of 2,680 million USD in 2013/14 (21% of the total CIP budget), which represented 11.8% increase over the previous year’s budget, of which 2,542 million USD has already been financed (73% by GoB and 27% by DPs) as of June 2014. The total number of projects under the programme were 86 of which 17 completed, 48 ongoing and 21 were in the pipeline. Of the four sub-programmes of programme 6, the single major one was sub-programme 6.1 which had 56 projects and accounted for 90% of the total 129 Annual Report (2013-14). Bangladesh Bank. Ministry of Finance, Government of Bangladesh. 130 Budget Speech (2014/15) op. cit. 131 http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Whatwedo/Projects

Box 7: Progress in skill development of disabled persons National equal opportunity campaigns have

resulted in a 50% increase (compared to 2011) in TVET enrolment of persons with disabilities (PWDs).

For providing effective support to the disabled persons, number of instructors with disabilities also increased.

Both public and private TVET organizations have documented equal opportunity policies with a focus on persons with disabilities.

A number of private organizations have developed and implemented specific programmes for persons with disabilities.

Source: http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/Whatwedo/ Projects

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budget for the programme in 2013/14. The total budget allocation for the programme in 2013/14 had increased by 12% over the previous year, due to increase in the number of projects. Total delivery of this programme in 2013/14 was 398 million USD which represented a decline in delivery from the previous year (2012/13) by 21%. The cumulative delivery of the programme was 1,354 million USD, which represents only 53% of the programme’s financed budget.

The Department of Agricultural Marketing (DAM) has been implementing a project entitled Strengthening of Marketing Services for Farmer’ Marketing Groups through the Market Infrastructures built in the North-western Region. The project started in July 2013 and is scheduled to be completed by June 2015. The purpose of the project is to assist farmers’ marketing groups in receiving fair prices of products by making use of the 75 market infrastructures built through the recently completed North-west Crop Diversification Project. Increasing marketing efficiency of farmers’ marketing groups, through training on marketing techniques and agro-processing, is also an important objective of the project.

The Government passed the Union Parishad Development Planning Rules 2013 which outlined the planning activities of Union Parishads including (i) updating of annual development programme activities following the Five Year Plans, (ii) inclusion of projects prioritized on the basis of public utilities in the Union Parishad Development Plans and (iii) inclusion of projects being implemented by NGOs in the Union Parishad Development Plans. The Government formulated the National Skill Development Policy 2011 with the vision of empowering all eligible individuals to access decent employment and ensure Bangladesh’s competitiveness in the global market through improved skills, knowledge and qualifications.

The Hortex Foundation, through implementation of Supply Chain Development Component (SCDC) of the National Agricultural Technology (NATP), made good progress to integrate small and marginal farmers and agribusiness enterprises into modern value chain during the project implementation from 2008 to 2014. The initiative piloted and established a network of 25 Commodity Collection and Marketing Centres, and shortened the supply chain into two segments (faria and collectors). The SCDC developed 62 high potential value chains in 20 Upazillas of 13 districts and provided support for post-harvest management, improvement of market linkages and enterprise development activities132.

Needs for further actions in this area include:

Improve physical access to markets: Although there has been significant expansion of road communication system over the past decades, existing roads, railways and waterways are insufficient to keep pace with the growing economic activities, particularly in rural areas. The Government’s priorities to improve communication infrastructure are: (1) construction of Padma Multipurpose Bridge by 2018, (2) construction of a tunnel underneath the Karnaphuli river, (3) conversion of nationally important highways into four lanes gradually, (4) modernize railways with construction of double lines and provision of other improved facilities, and (5) construction of another sea port at Moheshkhali133. Bangladesh has an extensive network of rivers, canals and other forms of water areas. But these networks are not properly utilized due to insufficient water flows and various manmade interventions.

132 Hortex Newsletter, Volume 13, No. 4, October-December 2013. Hortex Foundation, Dhaka. 133 Budget Speech (2014-15) op cit.

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Priority needs to be given for improving waterways in the country by recovering and excavating the rivers and canals.

Reduce wastage and quality loss of food products: Wastage and quality loss of food products under storage and transportation is a serious problem in the marketing system in the country. For brinjal and okra, voluminous packages made up of bamboo baskets and gunny sacks are used for long distance transportation and consequently wastage is high due to vibration and internal heat generation134. For long distance transportation, mini and large trucks without any cooling facilities are used. There is scope to introduce plastic packages, plastic net bags, foam wrap and corrugated fibreboard boxes to reduce wastage and maintain quality during storage and transportation of the products. While some large private companies such as PRAN, Aarong and Milk Vita have covered vans and cold chain transport vehicles, most of the traders use traditional vehicles for transporting food and other agricultural products. The Hortex Foundation has acquired a fleet of cool chain transport vehicles for renting out to the traders of fruits and vegetables. More of such services need to be made available to the food traders and manufacturers at affordable prices.

Further reduce wage difference between men and women: The wage differential between men and women decreased to 30% in 2013/14 from 40% in the previous year which is a positive outcome. Wage parity between women and men is closely linked with women’s empowerment. Empirical evidence showed that the rate of increase in empowerment with increase in income and education was higher for men than for women in agricultural decision making. Thus women with higher income and higher education similar to men may still remain less empowered than men in agricultural decision making, as this is considered a male domain135. While measures should be taken to further improve women’s empowerment and reduce wage differentials between men and women, rigorous analysis also needs to be done to examine productivity differentials between men and women in similar type of activities.

Strengthen support to agro-processing: The agro-processing industry accounts for over 22% of all manufacturing production and employs about 20% of labour force in the country136. Agro-processing including canning of fruits and vegetables, growing mushroom and production of dried food has considerable potential for income and nutrition. To promote agro-processing activities, Bangladesh Bank launched a scheme of Taka 1.0 billion in 2011 for financing the agro-based product processing industries in the areas outside Divisional Head Quarters and Narayanganj town. The size of the fund increased to Taka 4.0 billion in 2013. A total of Taka 5.0 billion was disbursed under this scheme up to the end of June 2014 against 1897 enterprises on revolving basis137. Bangladesh Bank has also instructed to reserve 15% of total SME funds exclusively for women entrepreneurs at 10% interest rate. These opportunities

134 Hassan, K. and S. Raha (2013). Improving the Marketing System Performance for Fruits and Vegetables in Bangladesh. Research conducted under NFPCSP financing. FAO, Dhaka. 135 Sraboni et al. (2013). The Women’s empowerment in Agriculture Index: Results from the 2011/12 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. International Food Policy Research Institute, Dhaka. 136 7th Meeting of the Working Group on Industrial Cooperation, 8-10 October, 2012. 137 Bangladesh Bank Annual Report 2013-14. Ministry of Finance. Government of Bangladesh.

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needs to be exploited through selection of appropriate technology, compliance with quality standards, training and skill development of entrepreneurs and workers.

Promote employment generation through micro-enterprise development: Results of a recent study showed that the share of crop agriculture in the rural household income declined from 30.0% in 2000 to 27.8% in 2010. Among the non-farm activities, share of the service sector increased significantly. The share of manufacturing also increased during the period. The positive impact of non-farm activities on rural income depend on the wage received and days of employment in the respective sectors138. The average days of work in non-agricultural activities are 307 days per year compared to 219 days of work in agricultural work. Thus non-agricultural employment was 40% higher than agricultural employment. Since rural non-farm activities have positive impact on employment and income generation, policy support needs to be provided for expansion of rural non-farm activities for improving productivity of both existing and potential activities.

Enhance skill development, particularly for women and disabled: As has been observed in Table 17, enrolment of students in the TVET institutes decreased in 2013/14 from the previous year, which is not a good sign from skill development point of view. The TVET facilities need to be expanded with provision of modern educational equipment and technically skilled manpower. In the agriculture sector, facilities need to be expanded for imparting training to operators and mechanics for improving their technical know-how and skills in machinery operations, repair and maintenance. Skill development also needs to be expanded in non-agricultural activities including agro-processing and manufacturing with particular emphasis on involving women and disabled persons.

Improve information system through use of IT services: For scaling up IT services to different sectors of the economy, the Government has undertaken the programme for transforming 8,000 rural post offices and 500 Union post offices to e-centres. Attempts are under way to connect the country with the Second Submarine Cable Consortium139. Bangladesh Bank has started collection and compilation of e-banking and e-commence statistics and has incorporated the vital statistics into its publication “Monthly Economic Trends”140. The Department of Women Affairs has made arrangement for a four month IT training course in 24 districts for skill development in women. Under this programme, a total of 4,080 women will be trained in a year with 20 persons in each batch in two shifts. A total of 1,360 women have been given training under this programme. DAM has undertaken an initiative that would utilize the power of ICT to develop and disseminate critical agricultural market information to farmers, traders, policy makers, development agencies and other stakeholders141. Implementation of such schemes needs to be expedited towards realizing the vision of building a digital Bangladesh.

138 Rahman, R. I. (2014). Growth of Rural Non-farm Activities in Bangladesh: Implications for Household Income and Employment. BIDS Policy Brief. April 2014, Dhaka. 139 Budget speech 2014/15 op. cit. 140 Annual Report(2013/14), Bangladesh Bank. op. cit. 141 http://agricultureandfarming.wordpress.com

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5.2. Programme 7: Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of the NFP and CIP actions

Programme 7 aims at strengthening organisational and human capacities in designing, implementing and monitoring NFP PoA and CIP. It consists of three sub-programmes focused on strengthening capacities of: (1) the Government in policy implementation, coordination and monitoring; (2) the Government in design, management and CIP operations; and (3) civil society organisations in contributing to CIP development and implementation. Chapter 2 provides the background of the institutional setting for the NFP PoA and CIP and the monitoring framework.

5.2.1 Progress towards achievements

Progress under Programme 7 is measured by the indicators presented in Table 18.


Additional resources mobilized for CIP142 (million USD) na na 1,870 969 918 CIP

monitoring

Increase in ongoing projects

Number na na 72 50 (R) 35 CIP monitoring Value (million

USD) na na 1,755 825 (R) 530

CIP available budget execution performance na na 49% 73% 53% CIP

monitoring CIP Monitoring Reports produced na na Produced Produced Produced FPMU

R: revised

Additional resources mobilized for CIP During 2013/14, an additional 918 million USD were mobilized in projects previously in pipeline or newly identified. This figure compares to 969 million USD for 2012/13 – the previous reporting year, with a two years’ slowdown of fund mobilization by around 952 million USD since 2011/12. The ending period of the CIP explains this decreasing trend: financial allocations to new projects largely fall beyond June 2015 and are therefore not accounted under the CIP financing. Indeed, allocations beyond CIP period for ongoing projects, continuing after June 2015, increased by 143% to 1,635 million USD in 2013/14, from 674 million USD in 2012/13. Moreover, if the increase in potential future commitments (i.e. pipeline projects beyond June 2015) - corresponding to 3,198 million USD in 2013/14 - is also considered, the funds mobilized increased and more than compensated the structural reduction in additional resources mobilized within the CIP.

Increase in projects implemented under the CIP Thirty-five projects (new or previously in pipeline) were newly implemented in 2013/14, valued at 530 million USD, out of a total additional financing of 918 million USD. The difference between the two figures accounts for revisions in project budgets and project expansion and extension (388 million USD). The number of newly introduced projects decreased to 35 in 2013/14 from the 50 projects newly introduced in 2012/13, and valued at 825 million USD, with the total budget decreasing by 295 million USD in 2013/14 to 530 million USD (Table 18). Diminished contribution from DPs accounted for 64% of this 142 Additional resources mobilized for the CIP is calculated as the total of ongoing and completed projects as of June of each financial year.

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reduction, while the remaining 36% derived from GoB. Looking at the shares’ composition of the three specific components, both GoB and DPs diverted financial resources from Access component: in favour of increased proportion of resources to Utilization– GoB, and both Availability and Utilization – DPs, indication of the increasing attention to nutrition (Table 19).

Table 19: Number and value of newly introduced projects in 2012/13 and 2013/14

Component

2012/13 2013/14 Changes between 2013/14 & 2012/13

No. of projects

Project cost (mn USD) No. of projects

Project cost (mn USD) No. of projects

Project cost (mn USD)

Total GoB DPs Total GoB DPs Total GoB DPs

Availability 29 237 130 107 25 280 120 161 -4 43 -10 53

Access 16 576 362 214 7 210 177 33 -9 -366 -185 -181

Utilization 5 12 7 5 3 40 13 27 -2 28 6 23

Total 50 825 499 325 35 530 309 221 -15 -294 -190 -104

The number of newly initiated projects reduced for all the FSN components: by 4, 9 and 2 respectively for Availability, Access and Utilization for Nutrition. Interestingly, the only component to have increased budget allocation is Utilization by 28 million USD, suggesting an augmented average size of new projects as their number decreased. For Access and Availability, both number of new projects and budget allocations decreased (Table 19).

Implementation of the CIP From 1st July 2011 to 30th June 2014, disbursements reached 4,760 million USD. This represents 54% of the total financed budget of 8,789 million USD (ongoing and completed projects) as of June 2014 (Table 33 and Table 37). In terms of implementation and absorptive capacity, a slowdown has been registered with an execution performance of 53% in 2013/14, This compares with 73% in 2012/13 (Table 20). However, budget delivery improved from 1,515 million USD in 2012/13 to 1,583 in 2013/14. The reduction in execution performance can be therefore attributed to the revision of the yearly pro-rata budget due to the increase in unspent budget (Section 7.3).

Table 20: CIP execution performance143

Component 2011/12 2012/13 (R) 2013/14

Delivery (million USD)

Yearly execution performance144


Yearly execution performance


Yearly execution performance

Availability 386.5 43% 634 62% 750 47.7%

Access 503.9 58% 863 89% 755 58.5%

Utilization 22.4 31% 19 26% 78 61.5%

Total 912.8 49% 1515 73% 1583 52.9%

Figure 27 presents cumulative delivery for CIP 2015, 2014 and 2013 by component and programme. During 2013/14, yearly overall progress has been slower than what was registered during the previous reporting period. The delivery rate in Access maintained the

143 Execution performance and delivery rate for CIP 2015 will be finalized in the next days, once the process of financial data validation with IMED book figures is completed. 144 The yearly execution performance is equal to the delivery in a given fiscal year divided by that year’s expected delivery. Expected delivery is in turn calculated as that year’s share of total project costs on a pro-rata basis, adjusting for projects started before the CIP and for others whose end is envisaged beyond the CIP.

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Figure 27: Cumulative delivery in CIP 2015, 2014 and 2013

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%Program1

Program2

Program3

Program4

Program5

AVAILABILITY

Program6

Program7Program8

Program9

ACCESS

Program10

Program11

Program12

UTILIZATION

TOTAL

Delivery first 2 years Delivery first 3 years Delivery first 4 years

highest level at 58%, and particularly high for programme 9 (70%), and faster for programme 7 (17 percentage points), over the previous reporting year. The Utilization and Availability advanced faster than in 2012/13. Delivery for Utilization reached 32% (plus 17 percentage points on previous year), sustained by the performance of programmes 10 and 12 (plus 19 and 6 percentage points over the previous year, respectively). Delivery for Availability reached 51% (plus 16 percentage points compared to the previous reporting year), with programme 3 increasing to 67%, faster (plus 30 percentage points) than all the other programmes, over the last reporting year.

Active institutional framework The Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) of the Ministry of Food supports the various institutions involved in food and nutrition security policy making, planning and operations, such as the secretariat of the cabinet level FPMC and those involved in the inter-ministerial coordination mechanism, articulated into the four TTs, under FPWG coordination (Figure 2). FPMU is actively engaged in strengthening inter ministerial collaboration and data exchange, primarily through TT meetings, as well as informal collaboration. The monitoring report is one of the major results of this interaction which enables Ministries, Divisions, as well as Development Partners, involved within the food and nutrition security domain, to enhance consistency, coordination and efficacy of their investments and operations.

In this context and under the coordination of the FPWG, TTs carry out the monitoring of NFP PoA and CIP and support the production of the monitoring report by: collecting financial data, i.e. input indicators, and result indicators at goal, outcome and output level, from the relevant departments and agencies; and contributing to stakeholders’ consultations and to drafting and reviewing the monitoring report. This is a well-established process in which interactions are demonstrated to be increasingly collaborative and effective.

5.2.2 Policy development/programmes underway and needs for further action

As of June 2014, programme 7 of CIP channeled 21 million USD representing only 0.2% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 17 million USD is already financed entirely by DPs. Total budget allocation for programme 7 increased by 5% over the previous year. However, the figure is substantially lower than the total budget in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation (66 million USD). The difference is due to a substantial drop in pipeline projects’ budget. The programme consists of three sub-programmes with a total of 2 completed, 3 ongoing (one for each sub-programme) and 2 pipeline projects. Sub-programme 7.1, on strengthening capacity to implement NFP PoA and CIP, has 2 completed

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and 1 ongoing projects for a total of 14 million USD. Sub-programmes 7.2 and 7.3 financed respectively 2 and 0.7 million USD and a pipeline of 3.1 and 0.7 million USD, respectively. In 2013/14, budget delivery decreased to 2.7 million USD, from 3.7 million USD and from 3.3 in 2010/11, the first year of implementation. As of June 2014, cumulative budget delivery was 13 million USD, which represents 77% of the programme’s financed budget.

Continued monitoring of food and nutrition security investments, policies and indicators While NFPCSP (2005-2015) concluded in March 2015, FPMU staff members continued to coordinate the monitoring process of NFP PoA and CIP with the technical support of FAO-Bangladesh policy support team. The capacity development activities continued throughout 2014 and 2015, although downscaled due to reduced FAO technical support staff, from September 2014 to June 2015.

The strengthened skills and competencies of FPMU facilitated ensuring the quality and reliability of financial data and their increased role in collecting the information provided by the TT members and in supporting the update of the CIP financial database to put the monitoring process in place. The process has further evolved towards validating the information from the implementing agencies against ADP official records for the period 2010/11–2014/15, published by the Planning Commission and IMED of the Ministry of Planning. The detailed results of CIP financial analysis can be found in Chapter 7 and Annex 3 of this monitoring report.

The improved role of FPMU FPMU has gradually strengthened its position for multi-sectoral policy advice on food security and nutrition, including co-ordination, monitoring and policy formulation support. For instance, FPMU led the formulation of the Food Safety Act and the national food safety emergency response plan; contributed to the formulation of the nutrition policy; is providing regular support in the production of Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) reports (see programme 11); supported the formulation of the food security and nutrition background paper for the Seventh Five Year Plan (2015-2020), and the progress report of the Planning Commission’s perspective plan of Bangladesh (2010-2021) on food security and nutrition achievements; collaborated with international partners on the availability of nutrition data, specifically by supporting valid international in mapping nutrition sensitive and specific database. FPMU also continued its engagement with operationalizing food and nutrition security related governance mechanisms, such as the new Bangladesh Food Safety Authority and the multi-sectoral National Steering Committee for Nutrition Implementation.

Future challenges in the wake of ICN2 and SUN commitments New opportunities and challenges for FPMU emerge from two international initiatives: firstly, from the outcome of the FAO/WHO organized Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2), a high-level intergovernmental meeting that focused global attention on addressing malnutrition in all its forms (19-21 November, 2014); and secondly, from the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement.

In the ICN2’s Rome Declaration on Nutrition145, participating world leaders, including Bangladesh’s Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Food, agreed that “nutrition policies 145 During the Second International Conference on Nutrition held in Rome on 19-21 November 2014, world leaders committed to establishing national policies aimed at eradicating malnutrition and transforming food systems to make nutritious diets available to all.

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should promote a diversified, balanced and healthy diet at all stages of life” and that “nutrition data and indicators, as well as the capacity of, and support to all countries, for data collection and analysis, need to be improved in order to contribute to more effective nutrition surveillance, policy making and accountability”.

Previously, in September 2012, Bangladesh joined the SUN movement, which among other objectives146, aims to “align actions around high quality and well-costed country plans, with an agreed results framework and mutual accountability”.

These international initiatives underline FPMU’s key role in monitoring and analysis of investments and policies within food security and nutrition domain: on one side, FPMU’s experience in monitoring food and nutrition security policies, investments and indicators, including tracking nutrition sensitive and specific investments; and, on the other, FPMU’s commitment to formulate a National Food and Nutrition Security Policy, Plan of Action, and the new Country Investment Plan.

Planning and costing nutrition actions Tracking financial resource flows to nutrition actions is fundamental for improved nutrition accountability for a country. To this end, the NFP PoA and CIP monitoring provides a better understanding of nutrition-relevant budget allocations as a major and necessary step prior to tracking actual expenditures. FPMU with technical support from FAO has been closely engaging with sectoral stakeholders through the TTs to categorize budget allocations identified in the key FSN sectors. In this respect, the CIP implementation builds strongly on the mechanism in place for monitoring the NFP PoA, and projects and programmes financed through the Annual Development Programme (ADP) as part of the national planning process. Budget allocations have been categorized under the three dimensions of food security, namely, food availability, food access and nutrition. Following the participation of the MoHFW at a SUN Global Workshop held in Bangkok in April 2015, FPMU supported the team in categorizing programmes as nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive and contributed to assigning weightage to programmes. Weightages of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% respectively were assigned to programmes: (a) identified as nutrition specific (with high impact evidence); (b) programmes with clear nutrition objective and well defined nutrition interventions; (c) programmes as part of sector wide programme and address underlying determinants of malnutrition; and (d) programmes that work at environment or population level and that address characteristics related to nutrition outcomes.

The MUCH programme in support of Programme 7 commenced On 14 January 2015, in response to a Government request to continue supporting Programme 7, GoB and FAO signed a project document on Meeting the Under-nutrition Challenge (MUCH, 2015-2020) in support of the Government’s efforts to address food insecurity and malnutrition in the country. MUCH follows up on the positive outcomes of NFPCSP and is being funded by contributions worth 20 million USD from USAID and EU.

The two main outcome documents, endorsed by participating governments, were The Rome Declaration on Nutrition and the Framework for Action. 146 The four SUN strategic objectives are to: (i) Create an enabling political environment, with strong in-country leadership, and a shared space (multi-stakeholder platforms) where stakeholders align their activities and take joint responsibility for scaling up nutrition; (ii) Establish best practice for scaling up proven interventions, including the adoption of effective laws and policies; (iii) Align actions around high quality and well-costed country plans, with an agreed results framework and mutual accountability; (iv) Increase resources, directed towards coherent, aligned approaches.

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MUCH is based in FPMU and collaborates with other key ministries for food and nutrition security, as well as with civil society and the private sector. The new intervention will focus on strengthening the enabling environment and improve Government capacity for eradicating food insecurity and malnutrition, and specifically, on improving GoB capacity for: (i) developing national food security and nutrition sectoral/cross-sectoral policy frameworks, cross-sectoral and sectoral investment plans, and programmes; (ii) human resource and organizational development; (iii) ensuring adequate resource allocation and use; (iv) effectively engaging in dialogue with civil society and private sector on policies and programmes; and (v) monitoring and mapping trends and analyzing sectoral and stakeholders’ contribution to food security and nutrition, by involving FPMU and FSN related ministries.

The project Strengthening Capacity for Aid Effectiveness in Bangladesh under Mid-Term Review The project Strengthening Capacity for Aid Effectiveness in Bangladesh (2011-2016) is being implemented by Economic Relations Division, Ministry of Finance and jointly funded by DFAT, DANIDA, DFID, UNDP and GoB. Total budget of the project is 4.54 million USD, although the project faces a funding gap of 1.36 million USD147. The project aims to improve the effectiveness, transparency and accountability in allocation, management and use of foreign assistance by strengthening national aid management capacities and systems, as well as by enhancing collective dialogue and coordination mechanisms, in order to achieve improved development results. This is to be achieved by: (1) enhancing GoB’s aid information management capacities and access to aid information by Parliament and civil society; (2) strengthening aid management capacities of the Economic Relations Division and selected Line Ministries and (3) strengthening the Local Consultative Group Mechanisms. In this context, a midterm review of the project is under implementation.

Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Programme (SPEMP) The Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Programme (SPEMP, 2011–2017) is a 114 million USD umbrella programme to reform the public financial management system. SPEMP is financed by a Multi Donor Trust Fund, with joint contributions from DFID, EU, DANIDA, CIDA and EKN and is administered and technically supported by the World Bank. The programme aims to improve efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in managing and utilizing public funds, in order to boost the implementation of national development priorities, such as accelerated poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth. SPEMP’s expected outcome is to increase the rate of implementation of ADP projects, by facilitating increased disbursement of aid. The programme consists of three projects executed by the Government to: (i) reform activities in budget preparation and execution; (ii) strengthen internal and external audit; and (iii) legislative oversight.

As of May 2014 major achievements include: (1) contributing to design and implement a new integrated budget and accounting system for improved budgeting, accounting and reporting functions; 160 sub-district account offices are currently using the new system; (2) enrolling over 100 audit staff in professional accreditation courses; (3) providing training on public financial management to more than 6,600 GoB officials; (4) completing 12 pilot audits, of which six covered high impact areas (procurement, public debt, revenue, public

147 https://jobs.undp.org/cj_view_job.cfm?cur_job_id=46168

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works, forensic and investigative, and environmental); (5) reviewing and clearing 350 audit reports and settling 5,550 audit objections, reducing the audit backlog by 95%; and (6) contributing to the design of MIS and drafting amended rules of procedures for the parliamentary financial oversight committees148.

Implementing a results-based M&E system for social protection programmes As discussed under Programme 9, no formal mechanism for regularly reviewing the overall performance of the Social Protection System (SPS) is currently in place. The new NSPS suggested the establishment of a comprehensive result-based M&E framework for proper planning and implementation of SPS. The General Economics Division (GED) of the Planning Commission, in collaboration with IMED and with the support of Local Government institutions and NSSA, will coordinate the establishment of the M&E system. A task force comprising Government officials and national experts under the supervision of GED, will be developing an M&E framework to be implemented from July 2015.

Enhanced capacity of DG Food and FPMU to monitor and manage food stocks The World Bank has provided a soft loan of 210 million USD to GoB for the Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSFP), to be implemented from 2014 to 2020 with a total budget of 240 million USD. The project aims to increase grain storage capacity at national and household levels, to meet the post-disaster needs and to improve the efficiency of grain storage management. The project will invest around 10% of the total budget to support food planning and policies (10 million USD); and to support the food monitoring programme (15 million USD).

The Integrated Agricultural Productivity Project (IAPP) at its mid stage of implementation In 2014, the IAPP TA component undertook an internal midterm review (IMTR) that gathered evidence of enhanced capacities in developing and implementing investment programmes in agriculture, food security and nutrition, both in the public sector and with a number of key farmers’ organizations. IMTR recommendations included: to enhance results’ sustainability by focusing on strengthening a limited number of entities in the Government (such as planning wings in the ministries, extension services, planning commission); and to collaborate with national education partners to anchor capacity development activities into long term education activities. The partnerships involve the Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre, the Dhaka University, the Bangladesh Technical Education Board and the Agricultural Technical Institutes. Moreover, the project supports capacity strengthening to sustain nutrition sensitive investment, by developing nutrition curricula for extension workers, as well as activities to better empower Farmers’ Organizations that engage into the investment cycle.


Formulate the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP), Plan of Action and the new Country Investment Plan: Food and nutrition policy related functions under FPMU will be further strengthened in the coming years, through FPMU engagement with MFSFP on food management, and with MUCH on food and nutrition security policy analysis and monitoring. In this context of growing commitments for FPMU, 2015 is a key year as it is the end year of MDGs, CIP, PoA of

148 http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cidaweb/cpo.nsf/vWebCSAZEn/6532D962CE5E78258525782A003C802B

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NFP, and of the Sixth Five Year Plan. FPMU will play a fundamental role in coordinating the participatory process of producing the new FNS policy, action and investment documents. Mainstreaming nutrition sensitive interventions, climate change, food processing, non-grain food price monitoring will be some of the focus areas.

Mainstream capacity development components in the NFNSP, PoA, and the new CIP: DPs maintain a pivotal role in supporting Government activities under Programme 7. As partners in CIP, DPs constitute a crucial source of accurate and consistent financial data on ongoing and planned investments in the CIP (see Chapter 7). DPs role in valorising lessons learned from the CIP monitoring process, including its outcomes in future planning and priority setting, will be pivotal in producing the policy, action and investment documents. Furthermore, the inclusion of capacity development components in DPs financed projects will continue playing an important role in improving delivery and effectiveness, as well as sustainability of national capacities.

Expedite provision of additional FPMU staff: The collaboration with MFSFP and MUCH will involve a substantial increase in FPMU activities and commitments. Moreover, FSNIS could become the platform where all relevant FSN data are readily available (programme 11). To ensure proper functioning and expansion of FSNIS system and to maintain the commitments with MSFSP and MUCH, FPMU staff need to be increased and its capacity further strengthened.

Strengthen implementation capacity and accelerate operations: Execution performance decreased from 73% in 2012/13 to 53% in 2013/14 (Table 20). While the budget delivery has improved, inadequate organizational and human capacities are still major constraints for effective implementation and management of investment operations. Implementation delays represent challenges in operationalization of projects. At organizational level, multiple ministries are involved in project programming, budgeting and implementation. The complexity of the process contributes to delays, reduced efficiency and accountability, amidst the political situation. Moreover, sectoral challenges were faced with implementation of nutrition interventions. Enhancements in ADP management, including capacity building for planning and monitoring, as well as improvement in the procurement system, need to be further strengthened to improve the rate of implementation and delivery of CIP.

5.3. Programme 8: Enhanced public food management system

Public food management in Bangladesh aims to: i) stabilize rice and wheat supply against the negative impacts resulting from natural disasters, and international/domestic price fluctuations; ii) support poor households’ livelihoods by distributing grains through safety net programmes (see programme 9); and iii) support farmers’ incomes by sustaining grains’ prices during harvest, in case of excessively low prices. Public food management operations involve both domestic procurement, import, effective grain storage and distribution.

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Programme 8 aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the public food management system. It corresponds to two PoA AoIs: enhanced public procurement system to support producer prices (PoA AoI 1.10) and improved management of public stocks and price stabilization (PoA AoI 1.11). Programme 8 is articulated in three sub-programmes and aims to: (1) enhance efficiency and effectiveness of public food management system and improve its impacts on price stabilization, (2) build capacities of the Ministry of Food and DG Food to better manage the food system and (3) increase and modernise public storage and handling capacity, including in disaster prone areas. Table 21 shows the relevant output indicators and their status of achievement.


Effective grain storage capacity at close of fiscal year (thousand MT) 1,493 1,529 1,620 1,685 1,794 ITDS, Food

Directorate Average use of effective Government foodgrain storage capacity (%)

38% 65% 80% 73% 60% MISM, Food Directorate

Actual boro procurement (thousand MT) 1,168 563 1,015 810 1,064 MISM, Food

Directorate Achievement of public boro procurement target (%) 78% 49% 97% 81% 97% MISM, Food

Directorate Wholesale price during the boro procurement period as % of boro per unit cost production

148% 129% 94% 108% 116% DAM (Wholesale price); MoA (Cost

of production)

Actual closing stock as % of budget target149 64% 114% 107% 94% 81%

National Budget & FPMU Stock

Flow Table Quantity of rice distributed through OMS as % of total domestic supply 0.90% 0.96% 1.00% 0.17% 0.79% MISM, DG Food;

BBS Note: Boro procurement for a certain fiscal year represents total boro procurement for the season beginning in the last part of the given fiscal year (e.g. boro procurement for 2012/13 represents the procurement throughout the 2013 boro season). R: revised

Effective grain storage capacity continued increasing Effective foodgrain storage capacity increased by 20.2%, over the reference period 2007/08–2013/14, reaching 1.79 million MT in 2013/14 from 1.69 million MT in 2012/13 (Table 21). This is consistent with the Government’s efforts to increase foodgrains’ storage and handling capacities, on the wake of the 2007/08 food price crises. These efforts aimed at reinforcing the capacity to cope with the negative effects of market price volatility and of natural disasters. While the target for increased storage capacity is 2.2 million MT by 2015, current estimates point at about 2 million MT by 2015 and about 2.5 million MT by 2020 (Table 22)150. The major increase in storage capacity will result from the new World Bank financed Modern Food Storage Facilities Project (MFSFP) which will add capacity for 0.54 million tons by 2020151. While expanding storage capacity is certainly an important priority, rehabilitation, maintenance and modernization of the existing storage facilities play an important role in sustaining the national capacity.

149 Actual closing stock for year ‘X’ corresponds to opening stocks of June ‘X’, plus domestic procurement and total import of year ‘X’, minus off-take of year ‘X’. This figure compares against the budget closing target as planned by the Ministry of Food. 150 Talukder R. K. et al. (2014). “Seventh Five Year Plan Background Paper on Food Security and Nutrition”. 151 MFSFP (2013). Modern Food Storage Facilities Project. Project Appraisal Document submitted to the Government of Bangladesh by International Development Association. World Bank. December 2013.

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Table 22: Construction of foodgrain storage capacity under way by the Ministry of Food Name of the food storage project Implementation

period Capacity (000 MT)

Construction of grain silos at Mongla port Jan/10 – Jun/ 15 50 Construction of silo under Modern Flour Mill Project at Postgola Jul/12 – Jun/15 10 Construction of Multistoried Warehouse at Santahar grain silo Jan/12 – Jun/15 25 Construction of new food godowns Jul/13 – Jun/16 105 Construction of 8 modern grain silos through Bangladesh Modern Food Storage Facilities Project Jan/14 – Jun/20 535

Total foodgrain storage capacity By 2020 725 Source: MoFood

Utilization of storage capacity varied on an increasing trend Average utilization of the effective storage capacity fluctuated over the past years: in the wake of the food price crisis, it increased from 38% in 2007/08 to 79% in 2008/09, as a consequence of the increased stocking capacity and production; it decreased for the two following years and bounced back up to 80% in 2011/12, then decreased to 73% in 2012/13 and reached 60% in 2013/14 (Table 21). The average annual utilization conceals the seasonal stock variations determined by domestic procurement, import and public distribution decisions, which follow different seasonal patterns. In 2013/14, for instance, public foodgrain stock ranged from 1.27 MMT in October to 0.99 MMT in January, representing effective utilization of about 71% and 55% respectively. The required stocking capacity is determined by the utilization in the peak season, which normally coincides with the final stage of the boro procurement, generally around October.

Domestic procurement during boro season increased The aim of domestic foodgrain procurement system is twofold: to sustain farm gate prices at harvest time in support of farmers’ income; and to build the public stocks for both regular distribution, for instance through safety net programmes, and for facing emergencies arising out of the adverse impacts of natural calamities. The main factors affecting procurement

are: (i) the cost of production, the domestic market price, and their gap – generally, the lower the gap, the higher is the procurement price; (ii) the world price of rice and wheat – the lower the price, the cheaper is importing grains for the public distribution and (iii) the change in quantity of rice produced.

Total domestic boro procurement in 2014 (reported under 2013/14) reached 1.06 million MT, up 0.25 million MT from previous boro procurement seasons (Table 21). The increase

Figure 28: Boro procurement, wholesale rice price and production cost

Source: Food Directorate, MoFood

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occurred even though the difference between wholesale price and production cost widened over the previous year (Figure 28). Boro procurement followed the pattern that in years of relatively higher prices, such as 2010 and 2013, the Government procured less than in years of relatively lower prices, such as 2009 and 2012 (Figure 28). Looking at the evolution of procurement and its share in total production, there seems to be a positive correlation between quantity produced and procured (Figure 29).

Difference between wholesale rice price and cost of boro production increased In 2014 boro procurement season, and for a second consecutive year, the average wholesale price of coarse rice continued to remain higher than the average cost of production (Table 23). While the production cost has been steadily increasing since 2007/08, the wholesale price during boro season – computed as the April-to-June average price of each fiscal year – followed an erratic trend over the reference period (Figure 28). The trend in procurement, wholesale price, and production costs for both aman and boro over the reference period is depicted in Table 23. Procurement prices have exceeded production costs in all the years (except 2007/08 for boro), implying that the policy of providing incentive to farmers is working.

The impact of procurement on price at the time of harvest is less distortive when price information is readily available for farmers and other marketing agents. The Government is accordingly trying to make early announcement of the procurement price.

Table 23: Procurement, wholesale prices, and production cost of aman/boro

Procurement Price

(taka/kg) Wholesale Price

(taka/kg) Production Cost

(taka/kg) aman boro aman boro aman boro

2007/08 20.00 18.00 24.10 29.60 16.73 19.98 2008/09 26.00 28.00 24.70 18.00 20.75 21.17 2009/10 22.00 22.00 21.80 25.40 20.71 21.65 2010/11 - 28.00 31.01 28.96 22.41 23.06 2011/12 28.00 29.00 25.81 23.65 24.75 24.27 2012/13 26.00 28.00 23.53 26.67 24.76 26.00 2013/14 30.00 29.00 30.75 30.69 25.52 26.50

Notes: Wholesale price of aman rice represents three months average price of coarse rice from November to January and that of boro represents three months average price from April to June of each fiscal year. Source: MoFood, MoA

Boro procurement remained closer to target while wholesale market price increased In 2013/14 (boro season 2014), 97% of the boro procurement target was achieved, up from 81% registered in the previous year, reverting to the 2011/12 level (Table 21). The years of low achievement usually coincide with seasons of high or rising market price, which constitutes sufficient incentives to farmers and makes procurement redundant. However, 2011 and 2014 represent exceptions, as boro procurement remained closer to target even though market prices were increasing. This could be explained by the behaviour of international prices and the need for public stock building.

Mismatch between actual and budget closing stock widened Closing stock for 2013/14 consists of domestic procurement and import minus off-take, occurring in the same year. In 2013/14 the mismatch between actual closing stock and target closing stock widened, with actual stock representing 81% of target, down from previous year’s 94%. The gap increased due to lower domestic procurement (1.4 MMT) and

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import (0.93 MMT) than what was planned (1.6 and 1.25 MMT, respectively), while the level of actual off-take remained close to the target (2.6 MMT and 2.7 MMT, respectively).

The trend in actual closing stock as percentage of the target has been quite unstable during the reference period, with a maximum (114%) registered in 2009/10 and a minimum of 47% in 2010/11, mainly due to record high level off-take in the same year.

Distribution through open market sales increased Open Market Sales (OMS) is a monetized distribution channel implemented to stabilize foodgrain price. Originally introduced in the late 1980s to stabilize the market prices during the lean seasons of September-November and January-April, OMS was strengthened in response to the 2007/08 food price crisis. OMS rice distribution constituted around 1.0% of total annual rice supply over recent years. In 2013/14, the proportion reached 0.8% up from 0.17% only registered over the previous year. This was in line with the increased coarse rice price relative to 2012/13. Procurement prices in 2013/14 were slightly lower than wholesale prices but slightly above production costs (Table 21).

Even though this annualized OMS percentage figure is not of great magnitude, the importance of OMS in price stabilization must not be underestimated. Typically, this intervention channel is seasonal and targets urban areas and poor households. While the empirical analysis on OMS is scanty, anecdotal evidence suggests that the instrument is beneficial for urban poor during lean periods. Distribution through OMS as proportion of total channelled Public Food Distribution System (PFDS) reached 29% in 2013/14, up from 16% in the previous year and from 20% in 2007/08. The record high distribution through OMS was in 2010/11, representing 39% of distribution through PFDS during the year152.

5.3.2 Policy developments/programmes under way and needs for further action

Programme 8 of CIP accounts for 393 million USD representing 3% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 284 million USD is already financed (89% by GoB and 11% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 8 increased by 11% over the previous year. The programme consists of three sub-programmes with a total of 5 completed, 4 ongoing and 4 pipeline projects. Under sub-programme 8.3, on increasing and modernizing public food storage and handling facilities, it is concentrated the bulk of the programme’s budget (97%). The sub-programme consists of 5 completed, 4 ongoing and 3 pipeline projects. Budget delivery for this programme decreased to 43 million USD from 61 million USD in 2012/13 and from 29 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. As

152 This represents distribution under OMS alone. If distribution through Fair Price Card (FPC), Freedom Fighter and 4th class Government employee categories are taken into account – as is done in many reportings - OMS would account for 52% of total distribution through PFDS.

Figure 30: Public food grain distribution


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of June 2014, the cumulative delivery was 165 million USD, which corresponds to 58% of the programme’s financed budget.

Expanding food storage capacity The Modern Food Storage Facility Project (MFSFP) aims to improve food storage capacity both quantitatively and qualitatively, by developing eight modern grain silos at strategic locations (Table 24) and adopting preservation technologies to ensure grain quality, reduction of storage losses, preserve grain nutritional content, improve monitoring, governance and management of food stocks.

While the bulk of the funding (about 70%) will be used to build serve the modern silo facilities, the project will also support: the construction of small scale silos at household level; the implementation of Social and Environmental Management Plans; the capacity development of the DG Food and FPMU.

Table 24: MFSFP Silo sites, selection criteria/expected outcome Silo Sites Region Commodity Criteria/Expected Outcome Total Capacity

(535,500 MT) Barisal CSD* & M Pasha Khulna silo South-Centre Rice Disaster relief (Cyclone) 48,000

Narayangonj CSD Centre-South Rice Disaster relief (Flooding) 48,000 Modhupur CSD North Rice High surplus production 48,000 Mymensing CSD North Rice High surplus production 48,000

Dhaka CSD Centre Rice High consumption/food deficit reduction 48,000

Ashugonj silo North-East Rice Processing/logistics hub 105,000 Maheshwarpasha North-East Wheat Processing/logistics hub 76,200

Chittagang silo South-West Wheat Increase supply at national level 114,300

*Central Storage Depot Source: DG Food Needs for further action in this area include:

Strengthen capacities to manage PFDS through training and technological adoption: The efficiency and effectiveness of the public food management system depends critically on investing to: support human capacity development, through staff training; establish the Centre for Food Management Training and Operational Research; build modern storage facilities to cope with climate change impact; establish decentralized laboratories to test food grain quality; digitalize stock management and PFDS operations. The implementation of MFSFP is responding to those instances by providing institutional capacity enhancement and skill development of the DG Food and supporting a series of studies specifically related to public food management, to be coordinated by the FPMU.

Boost public procurement system’s effectiveness through applied research: Domestic procurement largely depends on foodgrain price, cost of production, and their difference. However, sometimes procurement increases even with increasing price. This underlines that investigating on the inter-linkages between producer, market and procurement prices is still a priority, as quantitative evidence remains scanty. The implications of different procurement prices on the effectiveness of public distribution system, taking into account the impact on incentives, need to be established. In order to flexibly use domestic procurement and foodgrain imports,

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more research on foodgrain domestic and international markets, and on estimating private food grain stocks is also essential. The MFSFP will accordingly conduct large surveys to estimate food stocks in the country. Moreover, additional efforts are required for anticipating announcements on procurement price. Overall effectiveness of domestic procurement on market price is not likely to be high because procurement constitutes a tiny portion of total rice supply in the country. To prevent small farmers’ distress sale during harvest, storage loan in line with the SHOGUREP (Shoshya Gudam Reen Prokolpo) model may be expanded in the country.

Plan PFDS operations consistently with NSPS and emergency response needs: While GoB is expanding food operations by constructing more food storage capacities, the newly formulated NSPS suggests moving from food to cash -based transfer programmes. While some food-based programmes will continue to run (for instance, school feeding, therapeutic feeding programmes for undernourished children, OMS operations and disaster relief), this may decelerate the increase in volume of food-based operations in support of the poor. It is therefore important to plan PFDS operations accordingly, primarily stock rotations, by identifying adequate channels and minimizing distorting impacts on the market. This would require adopting a flexible approach to divert food stock rotation flows towards safety net programmes in years when there is lesser need for price stabilization or disaster relief interventions. For example, within workfare based programmes, participants could be remunerated, with a flexible mix of both cash and food, which could vary depending on the volume of stocks.

5.4. Programme 9: Institutional development and capacity development for more effective safety nets

Programme 9 aims to improve the effectiveness and targeting of social safety nets by investing in institutional and capacity development via two sub-programmemes: (1) strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net programmes and to formulate a new integrated strategy; (2) invest in income and employment generation through social safety nets. Programme 9 is aligned with two AoIs in NFP PoA: improvements in coverage and effectiveness of emergency food distribution from public stocks (PoA AoI 2.2) and improvements in targeting, leakage, coverage and adequacy of food-based safety-net programmes (PoA AoI 2.4).



Budgeted coverage of

VGF (lakh person) na 366.7 88.0 85.0 64.7 National Budget, MoF VGD (lakh person

month) na 88.3 88.3 90.3 91.3

Safety net programmes expenditure as % of GDP na 1.95% 1.88% 1.68% 1.61% Finance

Division, MoF Budgeted coverage of employment generation programmefor the poor (in million person month)

na 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.9 National Budget

Quantity of VGF and GR distributed (in Thousand MT) 226 285 209 304 480 MISM, DG

Food

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Decreasing trend in share of expenditure on social safety nets In nominal terms, the total SSN budget for 2013/14 slightly increased to 190 billion taka from 175 billion taka in 2012/13, and is expected to further increase to 226 billion taka in the 2014/15.

The share of social safety nets’ (SSN) spending153 in GDP has further declined in 2013/14 to 1.61% from 1.68% in 2012/13, after a downward revision in 2013/14 revised budget (Table 25). The decline in SSN expenditure as a percentage of GDP is progressively slowing down, after peaking at 2.12% in 2010/11. However, provisional figure for 2014/15 reverse this downward trend with SSN spending reaching 2.3% of GDP and projections for 2017/18 up to 2.7% of the GDP154. Share of food security programmes in SSN budget remained between 37% and 42% over the period 2009/10–2013/14.

SSN spending as share of total GoB budget steadily declined for four consecutive years - from 12.9% in 2010/11, to 8.8% in 2013/14. Similarly, the share of SSN in overall social protection spending155 has constantly decreased over the same period - from 80.2% in 2010/11, to 71.2% in 2013/14 - but is expected to increase to 73.5% in 2014/15 (Figure 31).

Coverage of VGF decreased while that of VGD increased The budgeted coverage of Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) decreased to 65 lakh persons in 2013/14 from 85 lakh persons in 2012/13. However, the quantity of food distributed under VGF and Gratuitous Relief (GR) increased by 58%, reaching 0.48 MMT in 2013/14 from 0.3 MMT in 2012/13, probably due to the necessity of quicker stock rotation in a year of higher procurement. The higher volume distributed through these channels reflects the increased food staple availability.

The Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) programme, typically development oriented, includes a training/schooling component, in addition to providing support to destitute rural women156. In 2013/14, VGD coverage increased marginally to 91 lakh person months from 90 lakh person months in 2012/13, after remaining stable at 88 lakh person months for the previous three years (Table 25).

Information available from the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MoWCA) showed that from 2001 to 2015, the cumulative number of beneficiaries stood at 4,350,000 under the VGD programme. The selected women are given fortified rice in 10 Upazillas that 153 The definition of SSN used here includes cash, non-cash transfers and food-for-work. Moreover, it corresponds to what the MoF budgetary reports call “Social Protection”. 154 National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) of Bangladesh, Third Draft, January 26, 2014. General Economics Division, Planning Commission, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. 155 While for the Government SSN spending consists of social protection and social empowerment spending, in this report social protection spending, being a more comprehensive category, corresponds to the sum of SSN and social empowerment spending. 156 B. Sen and Z. Ali (2015), “Ending Extreme Poverty in Bangladesh During the Seventh Five Year Plan: Trends, Drivers and Policies – Background Paper for the Preparation of the Seventh Five Year Plan”, prepared for the General Economics Division (GED), Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh, January, 2015.

Figure 31: SSN share in Social Protection and Total GoB Budget

Source: MoF

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ensures improvement of the family members’ nutritional needs. An impact evaluation on VGD, done by RDA and BARD revealed that as a result of participation in VGD programme, womens’ decision making in the family and society increased. Their awareness on intake of nutritious food, safe drinking water, sanitation and health seeking behaviour also increased.

Increased coverage of employment generation programme for the poorest The Employment Generation Programme for the Poorest (EGPP), active since 2009, is a public work-programme initiative for the poorest. EGPP aims to support poor households’ livelihoods by providing temporary short-term employment, i.e. 80 working days per person, on local/rural infrastructure projects, during the lean seasons. In 2013/14, the budgeted coverage of EGPP increased to 4.9 million from 4.2 million person months since 2012/13, and for the first time registered a level higher than 2009/10 (Table 25).

EGPP has recently tested innovations in three focus areas: Targeting, Governance, and Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). Firstly, to improve Targeting for better coverage of the poorest households, geographical cut-off points were introduced, by clustering Upazillas in high, moderate and low pockets with high poverty density. At household level, the Programme applied self-targeting through below market wage. Secondly, to ameliorate Governance EGPP set up clear operation rules and greater transparency, for instance by: publicly disclosing at community level upcoming public works schemes and related information; by improving payment system, with the involvement of banks and formal financial channels; by strengthening MoDMR’s field capacity for programme implementation, provision of training and logistic support. Lastly, to refine M&E, EGPP contributed to reinforce monitoring capacity of MoDMR by developing summary indicators and set up a Management Information System (MIS) to make programme information readily available for decision-making.

Institutional development Some of the innovations contributed to improve programme performance with better targeting – by 2014, 90% of participants were extremely poor and included the targeted 33% of women - and generated almost 28 million person-days of employment per each of the seven phases, throughout the period 2011–2014157. According to the proposed reform of the new National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS), all workfare programmes under MoDMR and MoLGRDC would be consolidated under EGPP by July 2018. The lessons 157 World Bank (2014), “Implementation Completion and Results Report” for the Employment Generation Programme for the Poorest Project, December 2014.

Box 8: Testing acceptability of fortified rice by beneficiaries of VGD and VGF

BRAC carried out a study on the acceptability of fortified rice (pushti chal) among 808 participants, randomly selected from beneficiaries of VGD and VGF programmes, respectively from Kurigram Sadar (400) and Satkhira Sadar (408). Overall, fortified rice was rated ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ by 95% of respondents in Kurigram Sadar and 78% in Satkhira Sadar, with associated positive change in health (such as weight gain, fewer disease cases, and improved appetite) reported by 53% and 16% respectively in the two groups. More than 90% of respondents in both areas stated that they would buy pushti chal if available in the market, although the large majority of respondents (65% and 87% respectively) would not be willing to pay a premium price for it. The study found a strong correlation among the receipt of awareness messages and the depth of acceptance of fortified rice and willingness to pay. This suggests that awareness campaign may be effective in motivating purchase and consumption of pushti chal. Source: BRAC (2014). Acceptability of Fortified Rice by Participants of Government SSN Programmes, June 2014.

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learned in terms of targeting of beneficiaries and of establishing M&E activities were useful to shape the new NSPS. At institutional level, NSPS prioritizes the establishment of (1) the Ministry of Social Development (MSD) in place of the Ministry of Social Welfare; (2) the National Social Security Agency (NSSA); (3) a Single Registry Management Information System (MIS); (4) a Complaints and Grievance Mechanism; (5) Results based M&E System (Programme 7).

5.4.2 Policy developments/programmes underway and needs for further action

Programme 9 of CIP channelled 1,792 million USD representing 14% of total CIP budget of 2013/14, of which 1,449 million USD is already financed (54% by GoB and 46% by DPs), as of June 2014. Total budget allocation for programme 9 increased by 17% over the previous year. It consists of two sub-programmes with a total of 12 completed, 23 ongoing and 11 pipeline projects. The budget of this programme was most entirely allocated through sub-programme 9.2 (84%), on investment in employment and income generation of social safety nets. In 2013/14, budget delivery for this programme increased to 313 million USD from 304 million USD in 2012/13 and from 141 million USD in 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery was 1,010 million USD, which corresponds to 70% of the programme’s financed budget.

Implement national social protection strategy Built upon a series of background studies, regional and thematic stakeholders’ consultations, the National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS) now requires implementation.

The Strategy will pave the way to the development of the new Social Protection Policy by July 2015. The new NSPS aims at expanding coverage of social protection to the poorest and at improving effectiveness and efficiency of financial resource allocated by introducing a number of Programme’s reforms (Table 26), which include: consolidating the plethora of initiatives under fewer programmes; adopting a life cycle approach to cluster programmes; prioritizing interventions for vulnerable women, pregnant women and early childhood, in particular, programmes in favour of children (from 0 to 4 years).

Incorporate nutritional BCC in NSPS In April 2012, the transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI), a joint effort between WFP, IFPRI and GoB, investigated the most effective type of social safety net transfer for the rural ultra-poor in Bangladesh. The analysis focused on the impact of the transfer modalities - including the Nutrition behaviour change communication (BCC) component - on income, expenditure on food and non-food consumption, daily food energy intake and nutritional status of children. After a first baseline survey (April 2012), a first follow up (June 2013) and an endline survey (April 2014) were conducted on 4,000 TMRI participants and 1,000 non-participants control households, in 500 ramdomly selected villages (250 in the North and 250 in the South). The five transfer modalities examined were: Cash only (North and South); Food only (North and South); Food + Cash (North and South); Nutrition BCC + Cash (North), Nutrition BCC + Food (South). While all the transfers modalities caused meaningful improvements in nearly all measures of consumption (i.e. expenditure on food and non-food consumption, calorie intake, and diet quality), the addition of BCC to transfers consistently determined considerably larger improvements than transfer alone. In particular, Nutrition BCC + Cash had a larger impact on diet quality (in terms of food

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consumption score), and was the only modality to significantly reduce child stunting (in the North).

Nutrition BCC together with transfers – especially cash transfers – seem to deliver large improvements in terms of better diets, child nutrition and anthropometric outcomes. Moreover, nutrition BCC also had a positive impact on women empowerment and social status158. These outcomes are highly relevant for the implementation of NSPS.

Table 26: Key reforms proposed in NSPS Proposed reforms Action Plan & Ministry/Agency involved

1. Strengthening Social Protection for Children (age <1 – 18 years) a. Child Benefit b. Primary and Secondary School

Stipends c. Continue Orphan’s and School

Meals Programmes d. Ensure Child Maintenance e. Payment for Abandoned

Children f. Immunization, Child

Healthcare, Nutrition, Water/Sanitation Programmes

a. MoWCA submit detailed implementation plan for the Child Benefit to the Cabinet (Dec 2014)

b. MoPME/MoE submit detailed implementation plan for the scale up of the stipend programmes to the Cabinet (Dec 2014)

c. MoPME/MoE implement programme(2015-18) d. MoPME/MoE maintain ongoing programmes e. MoWCA develop policy and start implementation (Jul 2016) f. Concerned Ministries take actions to strengthen supply and outreach of these

programmes (ongoing)

2.a Strengthening Programmes for Working Age (age 19-59) a. Strengthen Education and

Training b. Strengthen Workfare

Programmes c. Introduce Unemployment,

Accident, Sickness, Maternity Insurance under NSIS

a. MoPME/MoE strengthen quality of education and training b. MoDMRC/MoLGRDC consolidate all workfare programmes into one programme

under EGPP by July 2018 c. MoLE/MSD commission study to design legislation for unemployment insurance

for workers in the organized private sector, January 2015 c. MoLE sent legislation to Parliament by July 2016, implementation starting July

2017 2b. Strengthening Programmes for Vulnerable Women (age 19-59) a. Consolidate into one VWB

programme on a cash basis (taka 800/month)

b. Provision of Childcare across all Formal Employment

c. Maternal health care d. Training programme

a. MoWCA submit detailed implementation plan for Vulnerable Women’s Benefit (VWB) to the Cabinet (Dec 2014)

b. MSD/NSSA implement programme(2015-18) b. MoWCA ensure all Government offices and formal private enterprises have

childcare facilities by 2018 c. MoHFW continue preparing expansion plan (Dec 2014) d. MoWCA continue training under VGD

3. Protecting the Old: Comprehensive Pension System for the Elderly ( age 60 +)

a. Tax-Funded Citizens’ Pension b. The National Social Insurance

Scheme (NSIS) c. Private Voluntary Pensions

a. MDS submit detailed implementation plan to Cabinet (Dec 2014) b. MSD/NSSA implement the new pension programme(2015-18) b. MSD/MoF establish NSIS Commission to recommend options (Jul-Dec 2014) b. MSD introduce NSIS legislation (Jul 2016) b. MSD/NSIS authority initiate NSIS implementation (Jul 2017) c. MSD study to determine viability of a Pension Regulatory Authority (Jan 2015)

4. Strengthening the System of Social security for People with Disabilities

a. MSD submit detailed implementation plan for Child Dependency Benefit and Working Age Disability Benefit to Cabinet (Dec 2014)

b. Implement programme2015-18 5. Strengthening Social Protection System for Urban Poor

a. Concerned Ministries, MSD and MoF ensure urban poor households have similar access as rural poor households (July 2015-onwards)

6. Consolidate and Reform Food Security Type Programmes

a. By July 2018 consolidate food transfer programmes into one food security programme under OMS; coordinate with food stocking policy

b. Food distribution for disaster relief to continue as a disaster relief programme

7. Consolidate small schemes a. Concerned Ministries and GED retain some schemes that are innovative and can be scaled up, July 2016

Source: Author’s elaboration from NSPS

158 Ahmed A., Hoddinott J., Quabili W., Roy S. and Sraboni E. (2015). Which Kinds of Social Safety Net Transfers Work Best for the Rural Ultra Poor in Bangladesh – Operation and Impacts of the Transfer Modality Research Initiative. IFPRI, May 2015.

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Strengthen institutional reform According to the proposed reform of the new National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS), and coherently with the proposed consolidation of social protection programme structure, all workfare programmes under MoDMRC and MoLGRDC need to be consolidated under EGPP by July 2018. The lessons learned in terms of targeting of beneficiaries and of establishing M&E activities also need to be applied in the National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS).

Account for interdependency of food transfer programmes and public grain stock management NSPS recommended to consolidate all food-based programmes into monetary transfer programmes. The Strategy suggested maintaining operational the emergency food distribution for as a disaster relief response. However, to ensure adequate maintenance of buffer stocks, in years when emergency requirements are minimal, food distribution needs to be integrated into SSN to ensure stock rotation and avoid spoilage. In other words, in years where no or low-level disaster response is required there will be still need to integrate cash transfers with food transfers to effectively manage foodgrain stocks. However, PFDS is affected by the implementation of self-sufficiency policy and by production trends, which means that food transfers programmes are also affected by production trends (see Programme 8). The expanding effective foodgrain storage capacity suggests that public stocks will continuously be used in the next years for emergency programmes, to be integrated with cash transfers.

From safety net to market-driven employment for women: the SWAPNO programme

Strengthen Women’s Ability for Productive New Opportunities (SWAPNO, 2014-2019) programme, a joint initiative of UNDP, ILO and the Local Government Division, aims to create opportunities for decent jobs and secure livelihoods, and to promote inclusive and sustainable business practice.

The primary beneficiaries of SWAPNO were 2,600 destitute women of ultra poor and most vulnerable households in 72 Unions of Kurigram district. The programme will be replicated for other 1,900 women in Satkhira district. The beneficiaries will be engaged in 18-month employment tenure for maintenance and rehabilitation of community assets, as well as non-infrastructural public works and community services. SWAPNO introduces the conditionality of saving a portion of wages to obtain a graduation bonus, a one-off transfer providing initial capital for self-employment, basic households’ needs, or further training and educational development. SWAPNO not only supports women self-employment by providing assistance in starting and operating micro-enterprises, but also their employability. The programme’s sustainability is centred around exploiting market-driven employment opportunities, by vocational skills training, by focusing on synergies with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and through Public-Private partnership with the Programme, to incentivize the absorption of programme’s trained women in rural non-farm and off-farm SMEs159.

159 SWAPNO Programme Document, 2015.

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E-financial inclusion and poverty alleviation through households farming: Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar - (one house one farm) Similar to SWAPNO, the Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar (One House One Farm, EBEK) project aims to move away from the simple provision of subsistence transfers through safety nets, towards sustaining market-driven employment and income opportunities. EBEK started in 2010 with a budget of 150 million USD for 9,640 villages, and was subsequently scaled up in 2013 to around 316 million USD for 40,527 villages. The project aims at: (i) assisting in capital formation of poor rural households; (ii) empowering and strengthen skills of poor farmers, in particular women, through technical and motivational training (iii) enabling formation of farm organizations, needs based assessment and decision making, and (iv) supporting creation of adequate marketing facilities.

The primary activities of EBEK include: the creation of 81,000 village development organizations (VDO) of 60 members, 63% of which female; the introduction of electronic devices for fund mobilization; the provision of a bonus incentive – 2.5 USD per households per month - conditional to households’ savings of the same amount, over the same period; financially support the cooperatives by providing 1,920 USD per year; developing marketing centres at sub-district and union level, and food processing and cold storage facilities160. As of October 2014, more than 40,527 VDO were formed and the number of beneficiaries reached 2.5 million individuals. VDO savings reached 75 million USD and the same amount of projects grants was released, and 105 million USD granted by the Government directly to VDOs. Skill development training was provided to 134,400 people. Total on-line transaction stimulated by EBEK reached 201 million USD and involved 2.1 million households161.

The establishment of a gender behaviour monitoring system Funded by GoB, UK Aid and Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC), the Economic Empowerment of the Poorest Programme (EEP)/SHIREE (Stimulating Household Improvements Resulting in Economic Empowerment, 2008 - 2015) aims to eradicate extreme poverty by focusing on the sustainable livelihoods of the bottom 10% of the population. Specifically, EEP/SHIREE funds a variety of programmes to enable over one million people to lift themselves out of extreme poverty and achieve sustainable livelihoods by 2015. Among the Programme outputs162, one is nutrition-oriented to direct nutrition support integration across SHIREE Scale Fund. This includes testing and evaluating innovative approaches to improve protein intake among various key groups.

In the context of developing new approaches, an agreement was made to develop a new Change Monitoring System (CMS) survey tool called the Gender Behaviour Monitoring System (GBMS). The GBMS aims to allow more frequent monitoring of impacts of the newly rolled out gender-focused Behaviour Change Counselling (BCC) modules as a part of the Nutrition Component. Finally, the GBMS will enable NGO field level follow-up on GBMS data

160 P. K. Roy, (2014). Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar (One House One Farm) Project: An Initiative for e-Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation through household farming, Rural Development and Cooperative Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, 2014. 161 http://www.ebek-rdcd.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1603&Itemid=142 162 The programme has four main outputs: (1) Scale Fund, supporting the scaling up of proven approaches to improve the livelihoods of the extreme poor; (2) Innovation Fund, test/evaluate innovative approaches to improve the livelihoods of the extreme poor; (3) Research/Lesson Learning: Increasing consistency in the understanding, sharing and application of approaches to addressing extreme poverty. (4) Advocacy: Policy and practice at local and national levels shows increasing recognition of the needs of the extreme poor; and (5) Nutrition: Direct nutrition support integrated across SHIREE Scale Fund. Innovative approaches to improve protein intake among key groups tested and evaluated (http://www.shiree.org/about-us/programme-aim/#.VRJ6oDuUci4).

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by focusing on those beneficiaries’ households that are showing negative gender behaviour163.


Prioritize and target the implement of National Social Protection Strategy: NSPS targets half of the population of Bangladesh as different programmes’ beneficiaries. While this ambitious target is commendable, in a context of increasing budgetary pressure on public finances, it underlines the need for: balancing universal (e.g. child grants) versus targeted (e.g. EGPP) programmes; for programmes’ prioritization in financial resources allocation; and for addressing the trade-off between increasing the beneficiaries’ transfer size to the (better targeted) poorest and enlarging the total number of beneficiaries, in order to achieve the maximum possible welfare. The clarification of the trade-off and the costing of the strategy’s implementation remain top priorities in the policymakers’ agenda. While the lifecycle approach is certainly an improvement, stronger emphasis should be given to programmes targeting the first 1000 days of life. This is deemed particularly important, as lack of childcare during infancy can: contribute to child underweight, stunting and wasting; jeopardize infant well-being and cognitive development; and in turn, affect negatively productivity levels, and increase national healthcare costs.

Integrate and expand market-driven initiatives and community participation in SSN programmes: The instances of making more efficient use of public spending due to increasing budgetary pressure, create opportunities for the integration of market-driven initiatives into safety net programmes and creating spillover effects. For instance, in SWAPNO a clear effort is made to link safety net programmes with the market: the technical and motivational training and conditional grants are provided to improve employability of beneficiaries, and to respond to local market demand for skilled labour. EBEK’s innovative approach to capital formation and empowerment of poor households need to be scaled up. Multiplier effects can be generated in the local economy, by creating skilled labour supply for those rural SMEs and by involving formal credit system. In this context, it is fundamental for SMEs to provide their feedback to the training programmes component in order to improve employability opportunities of programmes’ beneficiaries.

Establish a single registry management information system (MIS): For effective management of SSN, a high quality MIS is required. It is, therefore, essential to make readily available to policy makers comprehensive national level performance data informing the status of the major national schemes. To this end, MSD will commission a review of MIS across SSN in Bangladesh to assess the feasibility of setting up an interlinked scheme of independent MIS. Full functioning of the interlinked system will face the initial challenge of harmonizing the different systems, that includes adopting similar software, creating adequate capacity for system management and daily maintenance and utilizing telecommunication networks for data transmission.

Adapt cash and food transfers coherently with the food stock management strategy: In the EGPP independent evaluation, IFPRI found higher leakages in food

163 EEP/SHIREE Quarterly Report, July – September 2014.

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transfer programmes compared to cash transfer programmes. This contributed to support the tendency towards augmenting cash against food components in NSPS programmes, for instance in EGPP programme. Food transfers will continue playing an important role through emergency distribution, OMS for price stabilization and for stock rotation. This implies that integrating cash transfers with food transfers in years when no disaster response measure is required for adequate foodgrain stock management and avoiding stock spoilage. To make food/cash transfer systems more flexible, convertibility between cash and food based transfers needs to be established. In this context, national foodgrain storage capacity is expanding on an increasing trend, with estimation pointing at 2.6 million MT by 2020 (Programme 8). The expanding foodgrain effective storage capacity suggests that public stocks will continuously be used in the next years for emergency programmes, and to integrate cash transfers, provided that growth in foodgrain production (or domestic availability) is sustained.

Explore the preparation of a roadmap for fortified rice: The relevant line ministries (e.g. MoWCA and MoF) would need to prepare a roadmap for distribution of fortified rice with a budget and targets for the coming years. This roadmap should be submitted to the MoF for estimating budget availability. Fortified rice distribution could be integrated in food transfer programmes. The positive results in terms of acceptability study by BRAC for introducing pushti chal into the market can contribute to better diets and improve nutritional status. Production of biofortified rice should be pursued which will require additional investment over a longer term period, by the Ministry of Agriculture.

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6. Utilization: progress towards CIP and NFP PoA outputs

Actions to improve food utilization for nutrition constitute the third pillar of the National Food Policy, its Plan of Action, and investments covered under the CIP programmes 10, 11 and 12. An update is provided on community based nutrition programmes and services; food security and nutrition information data; and food safety, quality and control including consumer protection and public health. The three programmes are in alignment with the eight areas of intervention under the third objective of the NFP PoA (see Annex 1).

6.1. Programme 10: Community based nutrition programmes and services

Programme 10 covers community based nutrition programmes that are linked to and supported by the Government services, implemented primarily through the Operational Plan of National Nutrition Services (NNS). The aim is to enhance coverage, access and outreach of a comprehensive package of direct nutrition interventions (DNI) for local communities, with an emphasis on mothers and children. The programme envisages strengthened complementarities and coordination of sectors engaged in nutrition. This programme corresponds to the NFP PoA AoIs 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.7 and 3.8 on promoting balanced and nutritious food for vulnerable people; food based programmes and growth monitoring of children; nutrition education on dietary diversification; food supplementation and fortification; women and children’s health; and protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding.


Table 27: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 10 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source

Proportion of infants under six months exclusively breastfed

43% (2007) na na na 64.1%

BDHS 59.7% UESD

55.3% BDHS

BDHS, UESD

Poor households raising home gardening and backyard poultry na na na na 42% 45% 46.1% FSNSP

Share of total dietary energy supply for consumption from:

Cereal 78.6% (2005)

78.7% (2006)

79.3% (2007)

79% (2008)

78.3% (2009)

76.9% (2010)

77.0% (2011)

FAO-RAP

Sugar and sweeteners

4.1% (2005)

3.5% (2006)

3.5% (2007)

3.4% (2008)

3.3% (2009)

3.1% (2010)

3.2% (2011)

Oil and oil crops 6.5% (2005)

7.1% (2006)

5.6% (2007)

5.7% (2008)

5.8% (2009)

5.9% (2010)

6.1% (2011)

Roots and tubers

2.5% (2005)

2.7% (2006)

2.5% (2007)

3.3% (2008)

2.5% (2009)

3.7% (2010)

3.8% (2011)

Pulses 1.7% (2005)

1.4% (2006)

2% (2007)

1.1% (2008)

2.6% (2009)

2.5% (2010)

1.5% (2011)

Fruits and vegetables

1.6% (2005)

1.8% (2006)

2% (2007)

2.2% (2008)

2.2% (2009)

2.2% (2010)

2.1% (2011)

Meat, fish, eggs and milk

3.3% (2005)

3.3% (2006)

3.4% (2007)

3.5% (2008)

3.6% (2009)

3.8% (2010)

3.9% (2011)

Others* 1.7% (2005)

1.5% (2006)

1.7% (2007)

1.8% (2008)

1.7% (2009)

1.9% (2010)

2.4% (2011)

Prevalence of global acute malnutrition (GAM) among children < 5 years <- 2SD

17.4% 13.5 (HFSNA)

Na na 15.6% BDHS

18.1% UESD

14.3% BDHS

BDHS, UESD

Prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among children < 5 years < 3SD

2.9% 3.4 Na na 4.0% BDHS

4.9% UESD

3.1% BDHS

BDHS, UESD

Proportion of women ANC coverage of at least 4 visits 22.0% Na Na na

25.5% BDHS

25.0% UESD

31.2% BDHS

BDHS, UESD

Others* - Includes stimulants, spices, alcoholic beverages, offal, animal fats, aquatic products and miscellaneous.

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Figure 32: Exclusive and predominant breastfeeding % (2010-2013)

Source: FSNSP 2013

Slow down in rate of 6 months’ exclusive breastfeeding Interventions to protect, promote and support breastfeeding improve child survival, averting over one-tenth of deaths among children younger than five years of age. In line with global recommendations, Bangladesh promotes early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after birth. BDHS estimates showed a marked increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding from 43% in 1993 to 64% in 2011, with a fall to 59.7% in 2013164, and in 2014 the rates show a further drop to 55.3%.

FSNSP 2013 results show that exclusive breastfeeding rates have declined to 45% from 51% in 2011 and stand at 43% as of 2013, which is below the 50% goal set by 65th World Health Assembly. The large variation noted between 2012 and 2013 in some divisions though not statistically significant, is a matter of concern. While the rate of exclusive breastfeeding has fallen between 2010 and 2013, the rate of predominant breastfeeding remained constant. Figure 32 shows the rates of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding in recent years.

There is little variation in exclusive breastfeeding rates between food secure and food insecure households or by wealth quintile, though a slightly higher proportion of poor or food insecure households practised exclusive breastfeeding. The association between child's sex and rates of exclusive breastfeeding was noted to be statistically insignificant in 2013, with a slightly higher proportion of male infants being exclusively breastfed compared to female infants. On the whole, there is poor knowledge of the benefits and recommended duration of breastfeeding and widespread misconceptions of mothers being unable to produce milk sufficient to meet their baby's needs165,166.

Complementary feeding has remained unchanged In spite of the relatively higher exclusive breastfeeding rate, major gaps in complementary feeding (CF) - share of children fed with a minimum acceptable diet is as low as 31% - have major impacts on chronic malnutrition in addition to hygiene, parasitic infection and related care practices. It is noted that though exclusive breastfeeding is an essential factor in reducing stunting, it is not per se sufficient in the absence of other necessary health, care and food practices. Figure 33 shows the trends in minimum dietary diversity and intake of iron rich foods as part of CF in the recent years.

164 UESD (2013). Utilization of essential services delivery survey (used a sampling scheme similar to that of BDHS and had nationally representative samples). 165 Institute of Public Health Nutrition (IPHN). (2007). National strategy for infant and young child feeding in Bangladesh. Dhaka, BD:, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. 166 Haider, R,et.al. (2010). Breastfeeding in Infancy: Identifying the Program-Relevant Issues in Bangladesh. International Breastfeeding Journal, Vol 5.

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Figure 33: Trends in complementary feeding diversity

Source: FSNSP, 2013

30

35

40

45

50

2010 2011 2012 2013

Minimum dietary diversity (levels below)Iron-rich foods (levels above)

Childhood stunting is an outcome of maternal under nutrition, inadequate infant and young child feeding and poor sanitation - a correlate of impaired neurocognitive development, and a risk marker for non–communicable diseases and reduced productivity later in life167. A comprehensive approach is needed to increasing breastfeeding with a focus on reducing socio-economic disparities, improving parental leave policies, flexible work schedules and health benefits for low wage workers and access to child care that can ease transition to work for the mother. An end-line survey on IYCF practices in Bangladesh shows that a national comprehensive programme - consisting of advocacy, interpersonal communication and community mobilization, mass communication, and strategic use of data, led to rapid improvements in seven breastfeeding and complementary feeding behaviours critical for child growth and development. From 2010 to 2014, the percentage of infants under six months who were exclusively breastfed increased from 49 to 86% in areas that received the comprehensive intervention package (exclusive breastfeeding remained stable at around 50% in mass media only areas). Additionally, the proportion of children who consumed a diverse diet increased by 30 percentage points168.

Integrated farming shows improvement in diets and nutrition Linking agriculture with nutrition is one of the central goals of the National Agriculture Policy and the Country Investment Plan. FSNSP estimates (Table 27) show an increase in the percentage of poor households raising home gardening and backyard poultry from 2011 to 2013 (42% to 46.1%). With regard to the share of dietary energy supplies for consumption, the contribution of cereals to dietary energy continues to have a major share with limited supply diversification due to poor contribution from non cereals foods. Baseline estimates from a Poultry Biosecurity and Production Project169 being implemented in selected districts of the South pointed that almost 99% of 167 WHO 2013. 168 Alive & Thrive releases endline survey results from Bangladesh and Viet Nam on March 2015 at Boston. 169 Baseline Survey Report on Improving Food Security of Women and Children by Enhancing Backyard and Small Scale Poultry Production in the Delta Region. BIGH and FAO. 2014.

Box 9: Leveraging agriculture for food security and nutrition of women and children The Departments of Agriculture Extension, Fisheries and Livestock are strengthening inter sectoral collaboration and coordination and leveraging institutional participation of nutrition sensitive projects towards strengthening the enabling environment for dialogue; improving capacity of the Government, civil society and farmers so as to maximize the delivery on nutrition outcomes. The projects have been providing technical support to over 55,000 households, across agriculture (horticulture, fisheries and livestock) and health sectors to positively exploit their comparative role for improving nutrition. Agriculture and food based nutrition training, nutrition behaviour change communications, farmer database, GIS, knowledge bank, co targeting for common activities and gender mainstreaming are key elements of strengthening. Food security and agriculture programs must move away from the calorie intake and income oriented measures of adequacy to nutrition-based measures to successfully leverage agriculture for better nutrition. Source: IAHBI, Poultry Biosecurity Project, FAO

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Figure 34: Gender differences in energy intake

Source: HIES 2010

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Ener

gy (k

cal)

Male Female

households owned backyard and small scale commercial poultry in rural Bangladesh. Box 9 summarizes some of the key elements of two ongoing nutrition sensitive projects in the South.

Farmer nutrition schools and farmer field schools are established in collaboration with Government extension departments and are targeting resource poor households with pregnant and lactating women having children under two years. Seeds and support to homestead food production during the planting seasons and to promote year round vegetable production are provided through a large number of ongoing programmes and projects170,171 in collaboration with the institutional arrangements that link the NNS and DoF and DLS in nutrition sensitive interventions.

Gender differentiation in dietary energy intake Undernourishment in the population is reported to be a consequence of inadequate food (energy) intake, underlying diseases, with females being at higher risk and those economically more vulnerable. Calculations on consumption unit (kcal) for household members in all age groups show that although mean calorie intake is about 2190 kcal, disaggregated adult consumption units show that in age group 18-29.9 years males are getting 2,594 kcal energy and females of the same age group are getting about 2,049 kcal pointing to gender differences in energy intake (Figure 34).

Increase in nutrient contribution from animal source food supply Animal foods notably livestock, fish, milk and poultry that provide good quality protein, essential fatty acids and micronutrients (zinc, iron, calcium and preformed vitamin A) play a critical role in growth and stunting reduction. Table 28 shows the supply of protein and fat from animal sources as percentage of total dietary energy. As indicated in Programmes 4 and 5, livestock and fisheries are growing at an increasing rate to meet the growing demand for protein and bioavailable micronutrients. Therefore, animal food sources should be available and accessible to the poor so as to improve the nutritional quality of household diets emerging from diversified food supplies.

170 https:www.spring-nutrition.org/countries/Bangladesh 171 Baseline Survey Report on Integrated Agriculture and Health Based Interventions for Improved Food and Nutrition Security in Selected Districts of Southern Bangladesh. BIGH and FAO. 2014.

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Box 10: Scale up of maternal nutrition and infant feeding interventions SHIKHA project engages 4,830 community volunteers, 395 community health workers and 667 nutrition workers through BRAC and trains them in maternal nutrition and infant and young child feeding. Community-activities focus on changing feeding practice behaviours through five core interventions: home visits, where nutrition workers record every pregnancy in the community in a registry and follow up with mothers until their children are 2 years old, for a total of 16 home visits ― 4 visits during pregnancy and 12 visits after the child is born; mobilization, with project staff engaging fathers of children under 2 and doctors to encourage good infant and young child feeding behaviour in the community; health forums, community meetings to discuss health and hygiene practices; antenatal and postnatal visits. Media campaigns in 1,351 villages in project sub-districts have been executed. Source: SHIKHA Project Report (2014).

Figure 35: Diversity of fish consumption in Bangladesh

Source: HIES 2010

0

2

4

6

8

10

Puti/

Big

put

i /Ti

lapi

a /N

ilotic

a Rh

ui /K

atla

/ Mrig

el

/Kal

ibau

sh

Pang

ash/

Boa

l/Aire

Silv

er ca

rp /G

rass

car

p /M

iror c

arp

M

ala/

Dhe

la/

Chap

ila/B

atas

hi

Hils

a Koi

Tang

ra/E

el fi

sh

Mag

ur /S

hing

hi

/Kha

lisha

Shoa

l/G

ajar

/Tak

i

Baila

/Tap

ashi

Shrim

p

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Fish

Drie

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sh

Oth

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gram

/pre

son/

day

Table 28: Supply of protein and fat from animal sources as % of total dietary energy 3- Year average Protein Fat

% of total energy % from animal food % of total energy % from animal food 2000 -02 8.60 1.1 10.5 1.60 2003-05 8.70 1.2 10.7 1.70 2004-06 8.80 1.3 10.6 1.80 2005 -07 8.80 1.4 11.5 1.80 2007-09 9.10 1.5 10.0 1.90 2008 -10 9.11 1.6 10.6 2.07 2009 -11 9.02 1.6 11.0 2.15

Source: FAO STAT

Nutrition sensitive projects are also serving as useful models for scaling up. Using nutrition criteria for targeting poor, most vulnerable and food insecure households, an ongoing project implemented by DLS is making significant contribution towards reducing food insecurity and malnutrition of women and children by enhancing backyard poultry and small scale poultry production in the Southern delta region covering 10 intervention unions of five upazilas in Khulna and Barisal. Another ongoing project SHIKHA is working to reduce undernutrition among pregnant women and children under the age of 2 years in 26 sub-districts in Bangladesh (Box 10).

Micronutrient adequacy in household diets Diversified diets are among the main keys to combating problems of micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger. Figure 35 shows the range of fish species being consumed per capita among households in Bangladesh.

The mean fish intake was noted to be 50.3g/person/day and the dominant types of fish eaten are Puti, Tilapia, Rhui/Katla, Pangas and carp but other types of fish are also found in the menu of Bangladesh (Figure 35). The diversity of fish species consumption in Bangladesh is very high. Indigenous fish are a rich source of

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Figure 36: Diversity of poultry and meat consumption in Bangladesh

Source: HIES 2010

0

3

6

9

12

Chicken Duck Buffalo Beef Mutton Sheep Other meats

gram

/per

son/

day

bioavailable micronutrients; animal protein, and some, for example hilsa, has a high content of fat and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids172. Even though the quantity of fish consumed may be low, the high frequency of fish consumption and diversity of fish species taken in particular small indigenous species, have marked implications for nutrition173. Iron present in fish such as darkina (Esomus danricus) is in haem form with a bioavailbility of 25%. Fish also has an enhancing effect on non haem iron and zinc absorption from the diet.

In terms of diversity of meat intake, chicken and beef are largely consumed (Figure 36). Bangladesh has a rich genetic diversity of native chickens (Red Jungle Fowl - Gallus gallus), available through smallholder backyard scavenging, with each family keeping an average of 6-7 chickens to meet family requirements. The per capita dietary intake of animal source foods plays a critical role in growth, physical and cognitive development given their contribution to protein, fat and micronutrients in the diet. Consumption of higher bio-available animal source vitamin A and iron progressively decrease as households become increasingly food insecure174.

Eggs and meat provides both women and children with all the essential amino acids, Vitamin K, Vitamin B12, iodine and iron which are especially important for growth and immunity175. Evidence from selected districts illustrates that the consumption of egg is higher than meat among pregnant and lactating women and children (6-23 months). More specifically, children aged 6-23 months (56%) and pregnant women (46%) have higher egg consumption. Enhancing awareness to increase the consumption of meat and egg among pregnant and lactating women and young children should be continued.

Update on acute child malnutrition While national estimates176 continue to point to the problem of acute child under nutrition, there is a slight decline in global acute malnutrition from 15.6% in 2011 to 14.3% in 2014 and in severe acute malnutrition from 4% to 3.1% during the same period. Across wealth quintile, 17.5% among lowest quintile and surprisingly, 12.8% in the highest quintile are acutely malnourished (< - 2SD). Other estimates of acute malnutrition from FSNSP 2013 show unchanged prevalence of 12% across divisions.

172 Thilsted, S.H, Fish diversity and fish consumption in Bangladesh. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ online_library/publications/pdfs/CS4_Fish_diversity_and_consumption_in_Bangladesh.pdf 173 Deb, A.K. and Haque, C.E. (2011) 011) , C.E. (2011) mini-doctor: ethnomedicinal use of fish, shellfish and some other aquatic animals in Bangladesh Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol 134, # 2, pp.259, co. 174 ICDDRB 2011. Status of micronutrients in Bangladesh: Where do we stand now? 175 Baseline Survey Report on Integrated Agriculture and Health Based Interventions for Improved Food and Nutrition Security in Selected Districts of Southern Bangladesh. BIGH and FAO. 2014. 176 BDHS, 2014

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Need for increasing adequate ANC coverage Care during pregnancy confers marked beneficial effect on pregnancy outcomes. Women who do not receive clinical antenatal care (ANC) have significantly greater chances of miscarriage compared to those who attend a clinic during their first trimester. This indicator refers to the proportion of women who complete at least 4 ANC visits during pregnancy177.

While UESD 2013 shows that the proportion of women having at least 4 ANC visits remains at 25% as in BDHS 2011, FSNSP 2013 shows that about two fifths (40%) received at least 4 ANC visits by national level estimates. However, the pattern varies by division and locality, and the differences noted also indicate substantial variation in the knowledge level of mothers and their ability to access ANC. The urban–rural differential in ANC coverage continues to be large with urban women being twice more likely as rural women to have 4 or more ANC visits. BDHS updates point to a slight increase from 25.6% in 2011 to 31.2% in 2014 of women having had 4 or more ANC visits. There is need to increase the attendance of at least 4 or more ANC sessions by pregnant women and enhance the quality of ANC178. As part of safe motherhood and neonatal health, there is also need to strengthen postnatal care and checkups so as to assess and treat delivery complications, and to counsel mothers on how to care for themselves and their newborn infant.

6.1.2. Policy developments/ programmes underway and needs for further action

Programme 10 of the CIP accounts for 354 million USD in 2013/14 (2.8% of the total CIP budget) of which 333 million USD are already financed. It includes 3 sub programmes with 4 completed projects, 25 ongoing projects and 7 projects in the pipeline. During the reporting period (2013/14) three new/pipeline projects are added with the ongoing projects of 2012/13. Many of the ongoing projects are components of the NNS and cover community based nutrition activities. The budget of this programme was 543 million USD in 2009/10 which was decreased by 41% to 320 million USD in 2010/11 and increased by 11.6% to 357 million USD in 2011/12 and remains static at 357 million USD in 2012/13 and reduced by 0.84% to 354 million USD in 2013/14. The delivery of fund for this programme was 9.7 177 BDHS, 2011 178 HPNSDP Mid Term Review, 2014

Box 11: International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) The Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) jointly organized by FAO and WHO in collaboration with other UN and development agencies was convened under the theme, “Better Nutrition, Better Lives” at FAO Headquarters in Rome, from 19-21 November 2014. The aim was to create consensus on how to address major nutrition challenges, including under nutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and overweight, with a view to achieving the global nutrition targets by 2025 set by the World Health Assembly. The ICN2 helped identify public policy priorities at the national and global levels. It has also been the first high-level intergovernmental conference on nutrition since the first ICN organized by FAO and WHO in 1992. A key goal of the ICN2 was to achieve coherence between food supply and public health policies, as they both contribute to food and nutrition security. It also helped examine the best ways of scaling up proven interventions for tackling all forms of malnutrition. The high level Bangladesh delegation to the ICN2 included the Ministers of Agriculture and Food, the Additional Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and SUN Focal Point, Joint Secretary, ERD and other officials. MoHFW participated in SUN Global Gathering prior to the ICN 2 from 16 to 18 November, 2014. Bangladesh is at the centre of efforts to scale up nutrition multisectorally. As a follow up, priority issues in strengthening agriculture and nutrition are being taken up for implementation. Source: Bangladesh Country Paper-GoB/FAO/WHO

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million USD in 2010/11 which increased to 15.4 million USD in 2011/12; decreased to 12.3 million USD in 2012/13 and increased to 65.5 million USD in 2013/14. However, the cumulative delivery as of 2013/14 was 103 million USD which corresponds to 31% of the programme’s financed budget.

Programme 10 and sub-programme 10.2 include interventions to enhance micronutrient status. The Draft National Strategy on Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies (NSPCMD) provides a coordinated and comprehensive approach to prevent and control micronutrient deficiencies among the Bangladeshi population with an emphasis on vulnerable population groups including children under five years of age, school age children, adolescent girls, and pregnant and lactating women. The strategy is expected guide on priority strategies that the country will focus on for a period of ten years and will be used by the policy makers, stakeholders including Government, civil society and private sectors/corporate implementers, researchers, UN and development partners who are involved in designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating micronutrient-related programmes at the national, regional and community levels.

National Strategy on Prevention and Control of Micronutrient Deficiencies (NSPCMD) awaits implementation The NSPCMD covers three main sections which include: an overview of the problem of micronutrient deficiencies and current policies; the current situation of micronutrient status among different population groups including trend analysis, causes and risk factors; existing intervention programmes for alleviating micronutrient deficiencies, and recommended MN deficiency prevention and control strategies to be executed in the next ten years based on evidence, best practices and lessons learned. It also outlines the implementation plan for the strategies and indicators for monitoring impact. To this end, the implementation plan covers policy, guidelines and legislation; micronutrient interventions/programmes – supplementation, fortification and dietary diversification; partnership and coordination; capacity building; advocacy and communication and monitoring, evaluation and research.

CIP Programme 10 cites fortification as a supportive strategy with a potential to impact on lowering micronutrient malnutrition in the largely rice eating Bangladesh population. As part of sustainable food based approaches to tackling micronutrient deficiencies notably zinc, rice biofortifed with zinc was released to farmers in Bangladesh in 2013 (refer to discussion on Box 11).

Progress in oil and rice fortification Bangladesh is the first country in South Asia to introduce mandatory requirements for the fortification of refined edible oil with Vitamin A. The minimum level of Vitamin A fortification is 0.015 mg Vitamin A per 1 gram edible oil; and the maximum level is 0.30 mg Vitamin A per 1 gram edible oil (15 to 30 ppm).

Fortified rice is also being mainstreamed in Government’s major social safety net programmes, WFP-assisted programmes and garment factories’ corporate social responsibility programmes. Acceptability trials in both Kurigram and Satkhira Sadars showed that consumers were willing to purchase fortified rice (pushti chal) instead of normal rice if it was available in the market, and if the market price was within the price range of normal rice. Results also indicated a strong correlation with the receipt of awareness messages and

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the depth of acceptance of fortified rice and on the willingness to buy pushti chal at a higher price.

Improving nutrition through SUN multisectoral and multistakeholder processes Bangladesh has adopted the principles of the global Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement179 and is an active participant in SUN global, regional and national networks and activities, including a regular teleconference country call with the global SUN Coordinator. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare serves as the focal point for SUN in Bangladesh. To ensure that the SUN movement in Bangladesh is country-led and aligned with national policies and strategic plans, the SUN Government Network works in close communication and partnership with the SUN Civil Society Networks - Civil Society Alliance for SUN Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Civil Society Network for Promoting Nutrition. Two other Networks also provide support to the country-led process: the SUN UN Network convened by UN REACH (a partnership between FAO, UNICEF, WFP, WHO and IFAD which aims at strengthening multisectoral coordination, nutrition governance, advocacy and knowledge sharing) and the SUN Donor/Development Partner Network, co-convened by DfID and USAID. SUN Networks for business/private sector, research/academia and media are also being explored.

Leveraging agriculture for nutrition Mainstreaming nutrition within the agriculture, fisheries and livestock extension and Women and Children’s affairs is part of the larger initiative for strengthening multisectoral approaches to address undernutrition. While NNS is working in partnership with other ministries (Food, Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock, LGRDC, Information), UN and bilateral development partners and International NGOs, it is actively engaged in the expansion of SUN movement in Bangladesh of which multiple sectors are a key part. Harmonized nutrition guidance and strengthened monitoring are central to the SUN process and to ensure coordination and accountability for results.


Scale-up nutrition sensitive strategies in fisheries, livestock and women sectors: Evidence shows that per capita fish consumption is increasing from lower to upper income groups, in both quantity and value terms and as a proportion of expenditure on food. An average consumer in the poorest quartile consumes just 39% of the fish consumed by an average consumer in the richest quartile and that poorer consumers pay a lower average price per kg for fish than better off consumers. There is need for utilizing the biodiversity of fish species for nutrition and livelihoods of the rural poor. Adaptive fisheries technologies need to be practised for improving fish utilization in the diet. There is also need for training on mainstreaming nutrition in project and programme formulation in agriculture, fisheries and livestock areas and in extension practices.

Improve facility and community based support to caregivers: Technical support on knowledge of diversified diet, cooking methods, hygiene, child feeding and care practices which involves providing effective communication and consistent messages and scale of effective coverage of a full set of direct nutrition interventions (DNIs), including IYCF counselling, micronutrient supplementation, nutrition screening and

179 www.scalingupnutrition.org

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management of acute malnutrition needs to be provided at various levels of implementation. Quality and coverage of DNIs need to be improved through existing outreach structures. Issues of adolescent girls’ nutrition and early pregnancy due to early marriage should be further addressed by programmes.

Strengthen food fortification initiatives: There is need to examine the implications of the feasibility and overall acceptability of fortified rice in social safety net programmes so as to inform scale up of the distribution of fortified rice. A subsidized price would be required for people with a lower socioeconomic profile to purchase the fortified rice in the market. A larger scale trial across different socioeconomic profiles may provide more generalized findings if it is aimed to market the rice to the wider public.

Increase commitment in line with global nutrition initiatives: Bangladesh has recently made the following commitments in line with the World Health Assembly 2012 Global Nutrition Targets to achieve by 2025, at the Nutrition for Growth Commitments Compact in June 2013 (signed by the previous Minister of Health):

- Reduction in stunting from 41% (in 2011) to 38% (in 2016), and wasting from 16% (in 2011) to 12% (in 2016);

- 40% reduction in global number of children < 5 who are stunted; - 50% reduction of anemia in women of reproductive age; - 30% reduction of low birth weight; - No increase in child overweight; - Increase rate of exclusive breast feeding in the first six months of life up to at

least 50%; - Reduce and maintain childhood wasting to less than 5% .

Accordingly, policy actions focus on:

Ensuring both nutrition specific and sensitive interventions are given due attention; strengthening the national coordination mechanism for nutrition; reviewing national safety net programmes to ensure they are nutrition sensitive and deliver improved nutrition outcomes; mobilizing domestic and international finance to support national efforts to improve nutrition; include in the post 2015 SDGs agenda, food security and nutrition as a separate goal.

Follow-up ICN2 Declaration and Framework for Action: There is need advocating for and promoting food based nutrition that is in line with the national vision to address problems of malnutrition on a sustainable basis. In particular, there is need for support in nutrition training for the institutions linked with agricultural extension and applied nutrition research and to build policy coherence and leadership to ensure that food-based approaches to meeting the challenge of under-nutrition will have a central role in future.

6.2. Programme 11: Orienting food and nutrition programmes through data

Programme 11 deals with use of up-to-date data and analyses to strengthen planning, monitoring and evaluation of nutrition interventions and policies. It corresponds to NFP PoA AoI 3.1. Updating of statistical data is essential for evidenced-based decision-making that requires Government-led food and nutrition security surveys, information and mapping

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systems, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Indicators and analytical tools to improve the monitoring of food security and nutrition programmes at all levels are served by periodic updates of data and research. Data is collected according to established methodologies and criteria governing food and nutrition security and provides update on indicators and elements that serve as reference for monitoring food and nutrition policies.


Programme 11 of the CIP identifies key interventions in utilizing updated national food composition tables, implementing research recommendations, using food consumption and dietary assessments data, validating dietary diversity methodologies and capacity strengthening in nutrition survey and analysis to facilitate evidence-based decision making. Table 29 shows the progress in relation to these interventions.

Table 29: Progress towards achievement of CIP programme 11 CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators

2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Source

Number of mass media activities for behavioural change communication (BCC)

na na 635 575 685 700 800 Health Bulletin/ DGHS

Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP) established and updated/ implemented

BIRTAN/ FPMU/ DGHS

BIDS/ INFS/ WFP

na Research initiated

Research initiated/ongoing

Research completed / Operational

Operational through dissemination of dietary guidelines

BIRDEM/ FPMU/ NFPCSP FAO

Food Composition Tables (FCT) updated/ implemented

FCT work on going in INFS, Dhaka University

FCT on Indigenous foods initiated under NFPCSP supported research

FCT on indigenous foods prepared by INFS, Dhaka University with NFPCSP support

Research initiated

New research initiated and ongoing

Research completed and Operational

Operational through training and dissemination of FCT

INFS/ CARS/ DU/ FPMU/ NFPCSP FAO/ INFOODS

Existing food security and nutrition databases/ surveillance systems

na BDHS MICS, FSNSP

HIES, FSNSP

BDHS, NMSS, FSNSP, NHDSBD

NIPU, NIS, FSNIS, FSNSP

MICS, FSNSP, BDHS FPMU

Behaviour change communication (BCC) efforts increased BCC interventions provide a supportive environment that enables people to initiate and sustain positive and desirable behaviour outcomes. Accordingly mass media activities across several Operation Plans (OPs) under the HPNSDP are being implemented. Telecast, broadcast and print media had a very strong outreach, particularly among policymakers and opinion leaders. Nearly 90 percent of the people had access to the nation's highly viewed television and newspapers. The number of BCC activities disseminated shows an encouraging trend: in 2009/10 at 635 to 575 in 2010/11, 685 in 2011/12, 700 in 2012/13

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Box 12 : Improving diets and nutrition in the first 1000 days

-Materials, messages and recipes to increase consumption of fish, small livestock and horticulture have been developed in collaboration with MoFL and MoA and are being disseminated for use. -Three fish based products for improved complementary feeding is being promoted through field projects in the South. -IAHBI programme being implemented by MoFL, and MoHFW is promoting a variety of micronutrient rich foods and recipes using local ingredients to improve dietary diversity and nutrition of mothers and young children from 6 to 24 months of age. - A Nutrition plate depicting a balanced meal for a pregnant woman along with basic food groups is being promoted across districts in the South. -Two TV spots on complementary feeding are being promoted. -Fact sheets on the role of horticulture, fisheries and livestock in nutrition developed by MoFL are used for sensitization at national and sub national levels and in training. Source: IAHBI/SHIKHA (2014)

and 800 in 2013/14. The BCC initiatives of MoHFW, included display of 114 bill boards, organization of 13 episodes of nutrition quiz show for school students and 13 episodes for the parents of children under 2 years of age, advertised through three television and three radio (each for one minute) on nutrition related issues, broadcast of 45 episodes of “Pushti Pala” through radio, folk songs on IYCF, television filler drama on nutrition, organized nutrition talk shows in private channels. BCC materials on IYCF have been developed and are being telecast on TV. A total of 25,000 copies of improved complementary feeding recipes were printed and distributed. Collaborative BCC activities with DAE, BIRTAN, BARC, MoA, MoFLS among relevant stakeholders are also ongoing.

More systematic studies need to be carried out to determine the effectiveness of mass media in BCC. However, the BCC campaign through interpersonal communication on the preparation of ORS solution at the home level for the treatment of diarrhoeal episodes in Bangladesh by BRAC is an example of success. Besides, the Alive and Thrive (A&T) Initiative180 on content quality and extent of outreach for nutrition behaviour change through mass media shows good impact. In addition, the media engagement programme helped increase support for IYCF in Bangladesh by initiating and sustaining a dialogue with national opinion leaders181.

The Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock is promoting food based nutrition especially for the first 1,000 days of life through training materials, manuals, festoons, leaflets and bill boards182 as part of capacity building and extension activities for mainstreaming nutrition in livestock and fisheries sectors (Box 12). In order to make the BCC more effective, it is essential that service providers are well trained and highly motivated. In particular, there is need to enhance the leadership for nutrition as well as capacity for implementation.

Enhancing the use of desirable dietary pattern (DDP) and dietary guidelines A reference for food and dietary planning using the desirable dietary pattern (DDP) has been established by BIRDEM. The DDP was established on an assessment of the adequacy of food and nutrient intake using the household food consumption data from HIES 2010. The DDP proposed energy requirement for a Bangladeshi at 2,430 kcal/day using the FAO/WHO methodology with estimates computed on the basis of total energy as a summation of

180 Menon et al. (2013). Scaling up Interventions to Improve Infant and Young Child Feeding: The Role of Frontline Workers in Alive and Thrive, IFPRI. 181 Engaging the media: A practical guide to meeting child nutrition advocacy goals through working with journalists. http://aliveandthrive.org/resources/advocacy. 182 IAHBI (FAO Component), 2014

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Figure 37: Nutrient density and cost in Bangladesh

Source: Adapted from DDP (2014)

various components of energy expenditure. Dietary guidelines were developed as an output of the DDP which are to be implemented across multiple sectors aiming at mainstreaming a nutrition orientation in agriculture, food and health planning. A total of 2,000 copies of simplified DDP booklets and 2,000 copies of leaflets on dietary guidelines are being distributed by BIRDEM and FPMU for wider use in training and planning. The clinical nutrition and dietetics programme of BIRDEM has been using the dietary guidelines in their training and research as also are the academic courses of universities including the University of Dhaka. Incompliance with the Honourable Prime Minister's directives, the MoFood has taken the initiative to implement the desirable dietary pattern and dietary guidelines in the country with national importance.

Orientation on food composition tables (FCT) A simplified food composition database (FCDB) and FCT documentation have been published for public use183. Five thousand copies of easy-to-use FCT books for the end users were printed and distributed. The national and regional food compositional networks benefited from this computerized FCDB and printed tables184. Trainings have been conducted for organizations like BBS, HKI, BRAC University, BIDS, FPMU, IPHN, NIPORT, World Fish Centre and ICDDR,B on use of FCT, and these have been effective.

Nutrient density of the desirable diet Nutrient density is a measure of nutrients provided per 100 kilocalories of food. The energy (kcal/100g) and nutrient (mg or mcg/100Kcal) density of the desirable diet and actually consumed diet in Bangladesh is shown in Table 30. The nutrient density has been calculated for key micronutrients, notably calcium, iron, vitamin A and folic acid. Cereals, oils and sugar provide mostly energy, but not micronutrients. On the other hand, vegetables, fruits and animal source foods provide adequate micronutrients as well as some energy and protein as well in the case of animal foods. The comparative energy and nutrient density of the desirable and actually consumed diet shows that the desirable diet is less energy dense but more nutrient dense. In the actually consumed diet, the intake of cereals which are energy dense is much higher than that in the desirable diet. The intake of non-cereal nutrient dense foods is also much lower in the actually consumed diet.

183 www.du.ac.bd/foodcompfile.php 184 http://www.fao.org/infoods/infoods/tables-and-databases/asia/en/

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Nutrient returns for money spent To calculate the nutrient profiles of commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh the Naturally Nutrient Rich Score (NNR)185 was used186. Five nutrients whose intake should be enhanced in Bangladeshi diets were identified: protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A and folic acid. Scores were calculated for these foods based on the content of these nutrients per 100 kcal. Nutrient density versus price per 100 kcal of commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh is presented in (Figure 37). Rice, wheat and other cereals, sugars and oils are energy dense and relatively cheaper. However, they supply much less of key nutrients compared to other foods like pulses, eggs and leafy vegetables that have much higher nutrient return for the same amount of money spent. Meat and fish, on the other hand, are more expensive, but the nutrient return per 100 kcal is much higher. As diets become increasingly energy dense, people consume voluminous foods which cover their energy needs, often in excess. This gives the feeling of satiety while not supplying adequate amounts of nutrients that impacts the nutritional quality of the meal. It is important to encourage the intake of foods which are more nutrient dense and less energy dense so as to enhance nutrient intake, while at the same time limiting the energy consumption to avoid the risks of overweight and obesity.

Table 30: Energy and nutrient density of actual and desirable diets in Bangladesh

Food groups Desirable

intake (g)

Actual intake

(g)

Energy density Nutrient density

kcal/100g Protein (g/100kcal)

Calcium (mg/100

k cal)

Iron (mg/100

k cal)

Vit. A [RAE] (mcg/

100 kcal)

Folic Acid (mcg/100

kcal)

Total cereal 400 464 344 2 3 0.3 0 3 Rice 350 424 351 2 3 0.2 0 3 Wheat and other cereals 50 40 290 3 8 1.0 0 7

Pulses 50 14 336 8 22 1.8 1 29 Animal foods 260 76 139 13 18 1.1 51 14 Fish 60 50 121 50 216 1.1 17 10 Poultry and meat 40 19 131 16 9 1.1 13 5

Egg 30 7 158 8 38 1.0 135 32 Milk and milk products 130 34 65 5 165 0.1 49 13

Fruit 100 45 67 1 24 0.7 136 54 Vegetables: leafy 100 36 38 10 673 7.6 1414 323

Vegetables: non leafy 200 130 34 5 92 2.2 136 92

Potato 100 70 66 2 17 0.8 3 27 Fat/oil (visible) 30 20 901 0 0 0.0 0 0 Sugar 20 8 393 0 14 0.0 0 0 Spices 20 66 68 4 76 4.3 49 20 Total for the desirable diet 1280 187 3 54 0,8 82 27

Total for the actual diet 964 224 3 19 0.5 17 9

Source: Author’s Calculations

185 NNR score is calculated by summing up the daily values (ratios of nutrient content per 100 kcal to daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for these nutrients and multiplied by 100) of the 5 key nutrients. 186 Drewnowski A and Spencer SE (2004) Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs, Am J Clin Nutr : 79: 6-16.

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Sources of information to update data and policy The national and ad hoc surveys and surveillance systems while contributing to inform nutrition sensitive policies and programmes serve to address key underlying determinants of malnutrition and provide updates on enhanced coverage and effectiveness of nutrition specific interventions187. The survey findings are beneficial to poverty, gender and emergency related concerns and fill knowledge gaps on agricultural development, food security, nutrition and emergency needs assessment and rehabilitation. The selected food security and nutrition surveys conducted in the reporting period are presented in Table 31.

Table 31: Selected food security and nutrition surveys

187 Ruel M et al (2013) Nutrition sensitive interventions and programmes: how can they help to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition? The Lancet, Maternal and Child Nutrition 3 Series :66-81.

Survey and year Coverage Data generated Highlights of findings Partner

BDHS: Preliminary Report, 2014

National Demographic, health and nutritional status of men, women and children

Reduction in prevalence of child under nutrition (underweight 32.6%, wasting 14.3% and stunting 36.1%); reduction in adult under nutrition and rise in overweight/obesity

NIPORT

Urban Health Survey 2014

National Health profile of the urban population of Bangladesh.

Decline in fertility below the replacement level indicating national total fertility rate goal of reaching 2.0 births/woman by 2016 achieved in urban areas; . Contraceptive use in slum areas (70%) is higher than on-slum areas (65%) while antenatal care is still significantly lower in slum areas; infant and under-five mortality rates continue to be high in slums where child malnutrition persists.

NIPORT/ MEASURE Evaluation/ ICDDR,B/ USAID/ DFID

Bangladesh Undernutrition Mapping 2012

Upazilla Mapping of child under nutrition using small areas estimation and primary inputs generated from Population and Housing Census 2011, CMNS 2012 and HMSS 2012

Stunting and underweight rates at division level are highest in Sylhet followed by Chittagong while Barisal and Khulna have the lowest rates; Stunting is highest in Bandarban of Chittagong Division followed by Cox’s Bazaar, while stunting and underweight rates are lowest in Dhaka district; 39 out of 64 districts in Bangladesh have stunting rates above WHO critical threshold (40%) and 55 districts have underweight rates above WHO threshold ( 30%)

BBS/ WFP/ IFAD

Baseline Survey on Food Security and Poultry Bio-security and Nutrition 2014

10 unions in selected Districts of Barisal, Satkhira

Household socio economic information, poultry availability, consumption, cooking, dietary diversity; handling, hygiene and safety

Around 78% owned 10.16 decimal homestead land with 31 to 55% owning poultry; After sale of poultry ½ spent the returns on while 21% spent on investments; 31 to 69% consume poultry; women of child bearing age and children 6 to 23 months have low poultry consumption (9% and 16% respectively)

MoFL/ DLS/ BRAC/ FAO/ USAID

FSNSP, 2013 National surveillance, 3 rounds per year

Food security and nutrition covering agro ecological regions

59% women consume inadequate diet, poor diets in 1/3 of high income quintile and 2/3 of poorest quintile; overweight in over 50% of urban women; exclusive breastfeeding 43%; 42% had minimum diversity in Complementary Feeding; stunting 35%, underweight 30%, and wasting 11%.

BRAC/ BBS/ HKI

MICS, 2012/13 National/ sub national

Disaggregated data on children covering social (education, environment, child protection) and child nutrition indicators

Prevalence of child under nutrition: 31.9% underweight, 42.0% stunting and 9.6% wasting. Reflects changes in key indicators, notably MDGs; generates data on equity, and tracks progress towards elimination of disparities and helps validate the results of focused mother and child interventions.

BBS/ UNICEF

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Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis188 An IPC analysis of chronic food insecurity situation in 2014 covered 18 districts, seven in North and 11 in the South of Bangladesh. Out of 18 districts analyzed three are in level 2 (mild chronic food insecurity - CFI), 14 in level 3 (moderate CFI) and one in level 4 (severe CFI). In the Northern part, Kurigram is classified in Level 4; while five districts, Gaibandha, Lalmonirhat, Sirajgonj, Jamalpur and Rangpur are classified in Level 3. In the South, nine districts namely Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Pijojpur, Barguna, Patualkili, Jkalokati, Noakhali and Laxmipur, are classified in Level 3. Of the total population in the 18 districts, 10% are in level 4 and 18% in level 3. IPC analysis of the acute food insecurity situation in 2014 covered four riverine districts in Northern of Bangladesh, wherein Kurigram was the worst affected and was classified in Emergency phase 4. Gaibandha, Sirajganj and Jamalpur were classified in Crisis phase 3. The analysis also covered 16 Upazilas, nine in Kurigram and seven in Gaibandha Districts. In the Kurigram District, five Upazillas were classified as Emergency phase 4; while four in Crisis phase 3. In Gaibandha District, four Upazillas were classified in Crisis phase 3.

Poor food consumption scores were noted for most of the districts. Northern Districts are regularly adversely affected by flooding and riverbank erosions, impacting the livelihoods of people living on the river banks. High levels of chronic poverty, poor access to improved sources of sanitation and high child malnutrition rates are the main challenges.

Accelerating common understanding of nutrition information within health and food systems Two independent and interdependent information systems are in place. The MoHFW has been operating the Nutrition Information Systems (NIS) while MoFood is operating the Food Security Nutrition Information Systems (FSNIS). NIS monitors the coverage of essential nutrition interventions and measures the outcomes and impact against the OP targets and results of the NNS. A standard set of nutrition indicators are included as part of NIS into the DGHS and DGFP management information system. Quality of routine nutrition information in the health sector is being improved for planning and monitoring, decision-making and advocacy by systematic data collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination across relevant sectors, and to evaluate progress, coverage and impact of key nutrition interventions. NNS also aims to collaborate with relevant sectors and partners to analyze the nutrition situation of the country, including establishing linkages with FSNSP and FSNIS.

The MoFood established a data management system that allows storage and retrieval of a large set of data which is being used to gradually automate the production of daily and fortnight reports by FPMU. It has a documentation centre and an electronic repository. Web based, integrated data management systems and an electronic library are established. The Country Investment Plan and NFP PoA under an annual monitoring exercise is being monitored by MoFood that collects data on all project investments under the ADP on food security and nutrition and results based indicators (see Programme 7).

6.2.2. Policy development/programmes underway and needs for further action

The budget for programme 11 of the CIP accounts for 43 million USD in 2013/14 (0.3% of the total CIP budget) of which 42 million USD is already financed. This programme has 3 sub- 188 IPC is a set of protocols to classify the severity and causes of food insecurity and provide actionable knowledge by consolidating wide-ranging evidence.

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programmes, of which 6 projects are completed, 7 projects are ongoing and two projects are in the pipeline during 2013/14. Two new projects are included in the pipeline during 2013/14. The budget increased by 5% from 22 million USD in 2009/10 to 23 million USD in 2010/11. The budget then increased by 22% from 23 million USD in 2010/11 to 28 million USD in 2011/12 but reduced by 18% to 23 million USD in 2012/13. The budget increased by 87% to 43 million USD in 2013/14. Six projects were completed costing 2 million USD by 30 June 2014. The delivery of fund for this programme was 1.1 million USD in 2010/11 which increased to 1.5 million USD in 2011/12, 3.6 million USD in 2012/13 and 7.4 million USD in 2013/14. The cumulative delivery as of 2013/14 was 14 million USD, which corresponds to 33% of the programme’s financed budget.

National nutrition mapping launched Undernutrition Maps of Bangladesh 2012 were published in 2014 by BBS, partnering with WFP and IFAD. The mapping exercise serves as a visual tool to identify the spatial variation of undernutrition rates in Bangladesh at the administrative level. The mapping that provides estimates of underweight and stunting for children under five years of age are statistically valid down to upazila level. Small area estimation technique was used on the data from the Population and Housing Census 2011, Child and Mother Nutrition Survey 2012 and Health and Morbidity Status Survey 2012. The BBS is providing hands-on training on poverty and undernutrition mapping jointly with the World Bank.

Global nutrition report – Bangladesh case The global nutrition report189 which was launched at the ICN2 in November 2014 represented a new contribution to strengthen policy and programmes to monitor progress in nutrition in countries. The report supports the sustainable development goals’ accountability and serves as a spur to improved resource allocation and to intensified action and demand for good nutrition. The report was originally called for by the signatories of the Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit Compact in 2013 in recognition of the need to better monitor commitments to improving nutrition. Bangladesh has been showcased for its rapid reduction in child stunting between the periods from 1997 to 2011 with the percentage of stunting declining from 59% to 40%, nearly 1.4 percentage points/year. It illustrates the reduction of stunting at a pace required to meet the WHA 2025 target – through a multi dimensional approach.

Approval of draft national nutrition policy An updated national nutrition policy has been drafted by a multisectoral committee representing 13 sectors including UN, DPs and civil society constituted by the MoHFW. The draft nutrition policy focuses largely on direct nutrition interventions with linkages to nutrition sensitive programmes. The inclusion of recommendations from the recent ICN2 declaration in Rome has been considered and integrated in the draft nutrition policy which now awaits Government approval.


Improve harmonization between food security and nutrition information systems: Some key nutrition indicators that are consistent with some of the NIS indicators under NNS and FSNSP are included in FSNIS. There is need to improve harmonization

189 IFPRI (2014) Global Nutrition Report 2014 : Actions and Accountability to Accelerate the World’s Progress on Nutrition. Washington, DC.

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and access to core users of the two systems for policy uptake and use at the field level. Common definitions and methods need to be included so that sources from different years can be compared and pooled to construct proper time series data. Capacity development to understand nutrition data is important to increase the use of these efforts. Large scale, multi topic, population based surveys such as the BDHS and periodic nutrition surveys need to be carried out to enable analyzes that can help the Government to identify key drivers of undernutrition and shape future investments to accelerate and sustain the pace of reduction.

Train users of FCT and dietary guidelines: The Bangladesh FCT is being used during the reporting period by many end users in the country. In the calculation of nutrients from food consumption data obtained from dietary and household food consumption surveys, users from BBS, BIDS, IPHN, BRAC, FPMU and many other organisations were trained on the use of FCT with support from NFPCSP-FAO. Following requests from non technical users for a simple FCT booklet to enable easy understanding of food composition and nutritive values, the FCT was simplified by INFS and published. A high demand for the use of Bangladesh FCT in the cost of diet analysis exercise by development partners was observed. INFS is extending knowledge on its use through hands-on working sessions. A soft-ware on FCT for the end users needs to be developed for easy calculation. Use of dietary guidelines is being promoted through the joint efforts of MoFood, MoHFW and BIRDEM. Follow-up periodic sessions on use of FCT and dietary guidelines need to be provided for stakeholders across multiple sectors.

Improve management capacity and coordination for nutrition: The Government is giving high priority to nutrition from the highest level. Improved leadership, management capacity and strong coordination across all sectors need to be established in core departments of the ministries of agriculture, fisheries and livestock, food, health and family welfare, women and children affairs. Both nutrition sensitive and specific interventions require technical and operational guidance that would help to systematize and strengthen the programmes. Building sustained ownership between Government and development partners, the existing established mechanism of interagency monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems for nutrition through the NFP PoA and CIP are essential. Tracking food security and nutrition investments across multiple agencies and contributing to results-based programming are also valuable.

6.3. Programme 12: Food safety and quality improvement

Programme 12 aims to improve food safety and quality, and relevant surveillance of food safety and quality. It deals with the following sub-programmes to: (1) improve the surveillance of food-borne diseases, (2) enhance capacities of laboratories and systems for food quality assurance; and (3) support the development of a modern food control management system. These activities are concerned to the NFP PoA AoIs 3.5 and 3.6 which aim to promote safe and quality food supply for national consumption and international trade; and also to provide safe drinking water and improved sanitation facilities for all people.

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Table 32 shows the progress towards achievement of the programme 12 using the indicators mentioned below:


No. of compulsory food items standardized by BSTI 58 58* 58 58 59 BSTI, MoI

Prevalence of diarrhea in under 5 children (in two week period)

10% BDHS na 5%

BDHS 12%

FSNSP 5.7% BDHS

BDHS, FSNSP

Proportion of population served with safe water supply for domestic use 97% 98% 98% 98% 99% DPHE

Proportion of population having access to safe drinking water in arsenic affected areas

Na 86% 88% 88% 88% DPHE

* In 2009/10, Compulsory food items standardised were reported as 64, which included 58 foods and 6 non-foods.

Limited progress in standardization of food items The number of compulsory food items standardized has increased from 58 in 2007/08 to 64 in 2009/10 as it includes 59 food standards and 5 non-food agricultural standards. It had decreased to 58 in 2011/12 and has remained static since 2012/13. However, it slightly increased to 59 in 2013/14 (Table 32). BSTI190 as the focal point for the Codex Alimentarius and as the national standardization body, is responsible for standardization of services and products; certification marks and monitoring quality control of food items; promotion of quality assurance activities; rendering testing facilities for services and products; and preparation, promotion and adoption of national standards. BSTI has developed and /or adopted a number of voluntary food standards that currently stand at 630. Standardization of food items is important to safeguard consumer health and certification required to influence trade. The establishment of Food Safety Authority and implementation of the Bangladesh Food Safety Act 2013 is expected to strengthen enforcement and supervision to maintain compliance of food standards.

Decrease in the prevalence of diarrhoea The prevalence of diarrhoea during the two weeks preceding the survey declined from 10% in 2007 to 5% in 2011 and 5.7% in 2014 as per BDHS (Table 32). FSNSP estimates point to a higher prevalence of diarrhoea, but this has remained static (12%) throughout the seasons

190 BSTI was established by the Government through an Ordinance passed in July 1985. The Ordinance has been amended as the BSTI (Amendment) Act, 2003.

Figure 38 : Proportion of children with diarrhoea given Zinc or ORT therapy by child age and sex

Source: FSNSP 2013

14 11 10 914

17 169 9 8

7167

50

71 7468 70

76

6369

0

20

40

60

80

Mal

e

Fem

ale

0 to

8

9 to

11

12 to

17

18 to

23

24 to

29

30 to

35

36 to

47

48 to

59

Child sex Child age in months

Perc

ent

Zinc ORS/RHF

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in 2011 and 2012 (14% in 2010; 12% in 2011 and 2012/13). Recent FSNSP estimates show a dramatic decline to 10% in 2013/14.

Effective treatment of children during diarrhoea can avert more than 90% of dealths related to diarrhoea191. A combination of ORS and zinc improves the recovery time for children who suffer from diarrhoeal illness. BDHS 2014 reported that percentage of under 5 children with diarrhoea treated with ORT and zinc increased to 38.1% in 2014 from 34.1% in 2011. FSNSP records the proportion of young children aged six to 59 months having diarrhoea in the two weeks prior to interview who were treated with zinc or oral rehydration theraphy (ORT). Nationally, thirteen percent children with diarrhoeal episodes in rural areas reportedly use zinc in 2013 - a slight decrease (4 percentage points) from 2012 - while over two-thirds (69%) of children were provided ORT – a slight increase (2 percentage point) from past year (2012). Infants younger than 9 months received ORT in a lower proportion than older children. Young children from 12 to 29 months of age were given zinc therapy in greater proportion than older and younger children (Figure 38), and children between 9 and 35 months were given ORT in greater proportion than older and younger children. Female children receive both zinc and ORT in lower proportion than the male children. The proportion of children with diarrhoea given increased fluids and continued feeding and adequate home care showed marked improvement since 2011. Over three-quarters of children recently ill with diarrhoea were fed increased liquids and continued feeding during their most recent illness, only a little under two-thirds of recently ill children received both of these care practices.

Interventions to promote hand washing through education and/ or through provision of hand washing supplies like soap have been shown to be effective in reducing episodes of diarrhoeal disease by one-third. Box 13 provides an update on food contamination, handwashing perceptions and practices. FSNSP 2013 reporting that 98% households have soap and 96% of households use it. However, only 5% wash their hands with soap before preparing food, only 7% before eating and 61% after using toilets192. Two-thirds of care givers reported that they used soap for

191 Jones G., et al. (2003). How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet 2003; 362: 65–71. 192 Helen Keller International (HKI) and JPGSPH, BRAC Institute of Global Health (BIGH). (2014). State of food security and nutrition in Bangladesh: 2013. Dhaka, BD: HKI and JPGSPH, BIGH.

Box 13: Food contamination, handwashing perceptions, and practices Unhygienic preparation of foods can cause contamination. Food contact with unwashed hands can be a source of diarrhoea pathogens. ICDDR’B, Alive and Thrive, and JHB School of Public Health reported that most of the informants stated that food contamination is related with dust or dirt, and also with feeding their child without washing their hands with soap. Of the 350 surveyed respondents, the five most frequent methods described for preventing food contamination were washing utensils with soap and water (61%); washing vegetables, fish, and meat (56%); washing hands with soap before feeding a child (55%); cleaning the food preparation area (47%); and washing hands with soap before food preparation (40%). Most informants linked the need for handwashing to remove visible dirt on hands and also to remove germs.

Although a large proportion of the respondents stated the importance of hand washing with soap before food preparation and feeding a child, the majority do not practise it in their community. The availability of soap and water for washing hands at the most convenient location will encourage handwashing with soap, especially before food preparation and child feeding. Improved hand hygiene practices will be easier and consistent with behaviour changed theories that stress physical environment support as a key component for desired hygiene behaviour.

Source: ICDDR,B (2014)

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hand washing after going to the toilet and less than one-tenth of caregivers reported washing their hands before preparing food and feeding their child. Interestingly, households with children less than 5 years of age had sanitary latrines in a greater proportion than households without children. The households without access to any toilet facilities has declined incrementally by three percentage points i.e., from 7% in 2011 to 4% in 2013. This has been largely due to reductions in open defecation in rural areas across the country.

Timely access to water plays an important role in appropriate hand washing. The behaviour patterns depends on provision of a convenient water source. Care givers from less wealthy households with poorer facilities, practice appropriate hand washing much less frequently than household with better facilities (Figure 39). Only a half of the caregivers who use unimproved water sources practise appropriate hand washing while compared to those who use improved water sources. Besides, less educated mothers report appropriate hand washing behaviour much less frequently than mothers with greater educational attainment.

Slight improvement in safe water supply Bangladesh has made tremendous progress in providing safer drinking water to its citizens. The coverage of safe water supply for domestic use increased from 75% in 2002 to 97% in 2007/08, and increased slightly to 98% in 2009/10, and remains unchanged at 98% in 2011/12 and 98% in 2012/13. However, it increased to 99% in 2013/14 (Table 32). The universal target of safe water supply could not be met yet.

Safe water plays an important role in maintaining good health and nutrition. Accordinly, people need access to improved water to reduce the risk of infection. Improved sources of drinking water include piped water to dwelling, protected dug well, tube well and unimproved sources of water include unprotected dug well, cart with small tank. FSNSP 2013 reported that all together, improved sources of water has increased from only a little over half of households (51%) in 2011 to almost two-thirds (62%) in 2013. However, improved sources of drinking water do not guarantee that the water is free from natural contaminants like heavy metals (arsenic).

Safe drinking water supply in arsenic affected areas remains unchanged Access to safe drinking water increased from 87% in 2010/11 to 88% in 2011/12 and then remained static at 88% in 2012/13 and 2013/14 (Table 32). Tube wells facilitate drinking water availability at the household level, but many are arsenic contaminated, causing long-term health risks. Access to safe drinking water in arsenic affected areas has been gradually increased to reach 88% of the population in 2013. There is need to enhance awareness among the people in the arsenic affected areas about the consequence of using arsenic contaminated water.

Figure 39 : Caregivers with appropriate hand washing by household characteristics

Source: FSNSP 2013

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Institutionalization of food safety in Bangladesh for safer food A project on ‘Institutionalization of food safety in Bangladesh for safer food’ is being implemented by the Ministry of Food with technical support from FAO and funding through USAID. The goal of the project is to support institutionalization of food safety in Bangladesh by improving the integration of the national food safety control systems and by enhancing inter-agency collaboration and cooperation, leading to greater consistency in enforcement of regulations and a safer food supply. The project will support to strengthen inter-ministerial and inter-agency collaboration and coordination in the field of food safety control to prepare the way for operationalization of the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA); effective integrated approaches to food safety in all primary sources of production (fish, animal and crop); and to enabling environment for improved third party verification/inspection and certification to national food control. To this end, it will also enhance the coordination on food safety management.

There will be continued support and consultations with project partners and Chairman and members of the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA); roadmap and strategy for implementation of the Food Safety Act; continued support on review/formulation of food safety rules and regulations; and increased exposure of National Food Safety Management Advisory Committee members to food safety control systems in other countries including Europe.

The Government has made effective of the Bangladesh Food Safety Act from 1 February 2015 and the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority has been established. The key positions of the BFSA like Chairman, 3 Members and a Secretary have been appointed. Besides, national training workshops on good agriculture practices (GAP) for horticulture and poultry and food safety management system, and a regional workshop on food safety were organized.

6.3.2 Policy developments/programmes underway and needs for further action

Programme 12 of the CIP has a budget of 52 million USD in 2013/14 (0.4% of the total CIP budget) of which 35 million USD is already financed. This programme includes 3 sub-programmes. As of 30 June 2014, 5 projects are completed, 5 projects are ongoing and 3 projects are in the pipeline. One new project was initiated in the pipeline during 2013/14. The budget of this programme was 190 million USD in 2009/10, which decreased by 76% to 46 million USD in 2010/11, and further reduced by 7% to 43 million USD in 2011/12 and static at 43 million USD in 2012/13. However, the budget of this programme increased to 52 million USD in 2013/14. The completed 5 projects have spent 14.3 million USD in 2013/14. The financial delivery of the programme was 0.8 million USD in 2010/11 which increased to 5.5 million USD in 2011/12 and reduced to 2.7 million USD in 2012/13. However, it was again increased to 4.7 million USD in 2013/14. The cumulative delivery of this programme as of 2013/14 was 14 million USD, which corresponds to 40% of the programme’s financed budget.

Different sectors and institutes of the Government are responsible for improved food safety, quality and related issues. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority established under the Food Safety Act 2013 will coordinate the overall activities for food safety and quality including formulation and implementation of food safety policies, plan of actions, and rules and regulations. IEDCR has set up a nationwide food-borne illness surveillance system recently and also designated as the International Food Safety Authorities Network

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emergency contact point. Hazard analysis is being initiated across three value chains – poultry, fisheries and horticulture.


Enhance awareness on food safety practices: Awareness creation on the importance of food safety and quality for protecting consumer health needs to be enhanced across all groups of people. The Consumer Association of Bangladesh (CAB) and its sister NGOs have formed the Bangladesh Food Safety Network in 2012 and are implementing awareness creation activities including advocacy workshops, school and household campaigns and distributing IEC materials based on the 5 keys to food safety (developed by WHO).Training and other interventions, incorporating Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), Good Hygienic Practices (GHP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems as mitigating measures are being implemented. This effort needs scaling up.

Enhance coordination on food safety management: As part of overall food safety management, the National Food Safety Management Advisory Council chaired by the Minister for Food and co-chaired by the Secretary of the Cabinet Division and represented by the concerned ministries, academic and research institutes and agencies needs to be activated. The overall responsibility of food safety and food control management system and coordination among line ministries and agencies lies with the Bangladesh Food Safety Authority (BFSA). The BFSA needs to effectively function in accordance with the Food Safety Act 2013. Implementation of IEC/BCC programmes on food safety and safe food practices, developing modern food testing techniques and national food standards in conformity with the Codex Alimentarius, increased coverage of food items under the BSTI standards, enforcement of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) operations and the preparation of national guidelines for implementing the provisions of FAO’s code of conduct for responsible fisheries is necessary. The Authority is working under the Ministry of Food in collaboration with other relevant ministries and agencies.

Formulate food safety regulations: The rules and regulations of the Bangladesh Pure Food Rules 1967 and the modern food safety rules and regulations being implemented in the neighbouring countries should be considered for the formulation of the new food safety regulations, in line with the Food Safety Act 2013. Formulation of the rules and regulations and their approval by the Government before commencement of implementation is necessary.

Recruit and strengthen capacity of the food safety inspectors: The Food Safety Act 2013 has made provision for food safety inspectors to be recruited for the gigantic task of ensuring safe food for all people. Food safety inspectors with specific qualifications need to be engaged and their capacities need to be developed through effective training.

Develop more food standards and ensure compliance: More food safety standards and norms need to be developed and/or harmonized. There is need for strengthening the National Standards Body, the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) which houses the Codex Contact Point and the Secretariat. Sub-committees on subject matters corresponding to the subject/commodity specific

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Codex Committees have been set up for consideration of technical matters. A draft manual of guidelines and procedures has been formulated. A national survey to identify key hazards in seven most consumed commodities is underway as a collaborative effort between eight member laboratories of the Bangladesh Food Safety Laboratory Network.

Designate food safety laboratories for specific analysis of foods: The Food Safety Laboratory in the Institute of Public Health, Dhaka has begun to generate reliable data on hazards and risks in the national food supply. It has developed 45 reference methods to detect chemical and microbiological hazards. Besides, there are other food testing laboratories such as IFST in BCSIR and IFRB in BAEC are providing specific food testing supports to the service seekers. A Bangladesh Food Safety Laboratory Network has been established as a participatory platform for all food analysis laboratories. The laboratories with validated analytical methods, sophisticated equipment, high quality chemicals and expertise need to be designated as food safety laboratories for testing of foods to provide a strong foundation for implementation of the Bangladesh Food Safety Act 2013.

Reduce diarrhoeal prevalence and ensure safe water supply: Use of ORT and zinc supplementation is critical to reduce prevalence of diarrhoeal episodes. Hand washing by mothers/care givers and children, during key times should be emphasised through media campaigns and interpersonal communication by GOs and NGOs. Besides, monitoring of the quality of drinking water on regular basis is essential, and dissemination of the causes of arsenic contamination and remedial measures is necessary. The availability of targeted sanitation facilities for all households should be extended and made accessible along with WASH activities.

Strengthen healthy street food vending: The experience on healthy street food vending in Khulna city through the distribution of 300 hygienic, licensed food carts by the City Corporation and supported by a monitoring system emphasising behavioural change among both vendors and consumers is being expanded. All 300 vendors have received refresher training in Good Hygienic Practices (GHP). A further 200 street food vendors and more than 100 food service workers have been trained in GHP in 2014, and 200 more carts will be distributed in 2015 in Khulna and a few hundred will be distributed in Dhaka, with all vendors to be provided training. A GHP monitoring system has been stablished in addition to training for civic officials, professionals, school teachers and students. Scaling up healthy street food vending is urgently warranted.

Improve capacity building in value chains: In the fisheries, poultry and horticulture value chains, more than 100 Master Trainers have undergone a certified training course on implementing food safety guidelines in their respective sub-sectors. Food safety guidelines incorporated into Good Agriculture Practices for each of the sectors have been developed, and 500 farmers in each of the pilot value chains have been enlisted for training and implementation. The results of this effort need to be incorporated in the programmes by the relevant Ministries and departments so that more farmers are adequately trained to implement safe food production practices.

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7. Food Security and CIP financing

The effective implementation of the National Food Policy Plan of Action requires a sizeable and sustained financial investment to support and scale up of programmes in the prime sectors of agriculture, rural development, social protection, health and nutrition. Seventeen ministries, including their divisions and various implementation agencies, are responsible for the implementation of NFP PoA. The CIP focuses on those investments with a direct impact on the three dimensions of food security - Availability, Access and Utilization for Nutrition. It tracks resources channelled through the ADP to finance a comprehensive set of 12 priority investment programmes that are consistent with the NFP PoA. The programmes are further classified into 40 sub-programmes to identify the funds required under priority based AoIs of the NFP PoA.

This chapter is organized as follows: Section 7.1 analyses the recent national budget and expenditure of the key ministries and divisions related to food security and nutrition. In particular, public spending on poverty reduction and on gender-related issues by NFP partner ministries and divisions are analysed by the use of MoF official data. Section 7.2 briefly presents background information on CIP financing, its timeline, and the process of financial data collection and validation, financial gaps and prioritization. Section 7.3 focuses on CIP financial assessment as of June 2014. More specifically, financial data are analysed by Food Security dimensions, by CIP programmes, by ADP and non-ADP components, execution performance and future commitments. The sub-programme level disaggregation is shown in annexes 4.2 and 4.3.

7.1. Budgets of key NFP partner ministries and space for food security

The budget allocated to NFP partner ministries and divisions193 can be taken as a measure of the fiscal space for FSN interventions in Bangladesh. The budget allocated to NFP partner ministries and divisions has constantly increased, from 248 billion taka in 2007/08 to 526 billion taka in 2013/14. The budget figure for 2014/15 is 597 billion taka. NFP partners’ share on total budget remained stable between 31% and 30%, over the period 2007/08–2010/11, while it dropped to 24% in 2013/14, and the same level is expected for 2014/15 (Figure 40). A detailed budget spending by the key NFP partner ministries and divisions is given in Annex 3.

193 NFP Partner ministries and divisions are a subset of the thirteen partners and include: MoA, MoFL, MoWR, LGD, RDCD, MCHTA, MoSW, MoWCA, MoFood/a, MoDM/b, MoHFW.

Figure 40: Budget of NFP partner ministries

Source: MoF,2015

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Gender-related expenditure by NFP partners Gender spending by the NFP partner ministries and divisions increased more than three times over the discussion period (Figure 41). During the period 2007/08–2008/09, gender–related expenditure more than tripled from 73 to 273 billion taka in 2013/14. The budget figure for 2014/15 is 296 billion taka, 9% up from the previous year. MoA, LGD, MoDM and MoHFW accounts for 77% of the entire 2014/15 budget.

This increase is much faster than total FSN budget, over the period 2007/08 – 2014/15. This suggests that fiscal space for gender is increasingly important for FSN partners. The share of gender spending in the total budget of NFP partners increased from 30% to 50% over the period 2007/08–2014/15 (Figure 42). Looking at individual sectors, agriculture-related share194 of gender spending increased from 24% to 50% over the period 2007/08–2014/15. Rural development-related budget195 spending increased from 8% to 46% over the same period. In 2014/15, among FSN partners, the highest share of gender-related expenditure (60%) on total budget is that of welfare related-partners196 (Figure 42).

Public spending on poverty reduction MoF data197 track spending on poverty reduction, which is essential for enabling people to access food and nutrition security. Even though the anti-poverty budget shows an increasing pattern, its share on total Government spending declined over the last eight years (Figure 43).

Public spending on poverty reduction has increased over the period 2007/08–2013/14 reaching 1,094 billion taka, from the initial 491 billion taka. The budget figure for 2014/15 is 1,308 billion taka, 20% up from the previous year (Figure 43). Over the period 2007/08–2014/15, poverty spending expanded by around 166%, which compares against an increase by 211% of GoB total budget198. This faster growth explains the decreasing proportion of poverty on total budget (red line in Figure 43): while it decreased substantially (from 61% to

194 Agriculture sector includes MoA, MoFL and MoWR. 195 Rural Development includes LGD, RDCD and MCHTA. 196 MoSW, MoWCA, MoFood and MoDM. 197 MoF data considers MoFood/a, MoDM/b consolidated budget for 2007/08 and 2008/09. 198 GoB total budget increased from 0.8 to 2.5 billion taka over the period 2007/08 – 2013/14.

Figure 41: Gender-related budget spending by FSN partners

Source: MoF, 2015

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Figure 42: Share of gender-related budget spending by NFP partners

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51%) over the period 2007/08–2011/12, it remained relatively stable (ranging from 51% to 52%) over the period 2011/12-2014/15 (Figure 43). This implies that the proportion of budget spending on other items increased faster than the expenditure on poverty.

7.2. CIP financing: timeframe and data processing

The CIP represents a dynamic budgeting system aggregating ADP projects into 12 programmes and 40 sub-programmes, which are prioritized in order to effectively implement the PoA. Regarding CIP timeframe, the implementation period goes from the 1st July 2010 to the end of the fiscal year under analysis. Therefore, the CIP 2015 refers to the period 1st July 2010 to 30thJune 2014. Depending on its implementation status within the CIP 2015, a project can be accounted as: completed, if it ended by the end of June 2014; ongoing, if it is still not concluded by the end of June 2014; or pipeline, if the project is expected to begin and to receive financing after 30th June 2014.

Data collected for each projects includes its timeline (i.e. start and end date), total budget, current status, yearly and cumulative delivery and other information (share of co-financing, project’s description, etc.). The start and end dates play a vital role in the CIP monitoring exercise as the total CIP budget and yearly pro-rata budget are calculated based on the actual duration (in days) of the project. After financial data are collected from the relevant GoB agencies (see section on approach to the monitoring), they are validated against the figures presented in the ADP book, yearly published in April by the IMED of the Ministry of Planning. The data are subsequently utilized to update the CIP database and in turn generate the relevant financial analysis (see section 7.3). Besides, the validation process for pipeline projects’ financial data is conducted by using the green pages of the ADP book yearly published in March by the Planning Commission. The pipeline projects are subsequently prioritized under the relevant sub-programmes and incorporated into the CIP database.

The prioritization criteria were determined in a participatory manner through extensive consultations during the baseline year, and can be summarized as follows:

- TOP priority: 90% of the financial requirement prioritized; - HIGH priority: 70% of the financial requirement prioritized; - MEDIUM priority: 50% of the financial requirement prioritized; - LOWER priority: 40% of the financial requirement prioritized; - These criteria were applied by sub programme to pipeline projects.

ADP is presented in terms of taka which is converted to USD for analysis and reporting at the exchange rate of 69.5 taka per USD for the entire period of CIP monitoring exercise. DPs report their financial contribution in their own currencies, which are subsequently converted into USD, using a fixed conversion rate.

Figure 43: Expenditure on anti-poverty

Source: MoF, 2015

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The financial data in this monitoring report include data for all five CIP years (i.e. CIP 2011, CIP 2012, CIP 2013, CIP 2014 and CIP 2015) which are revised based on the most recent data:

- CIP 2011 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data as of June 2010;



- CIP 2014 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data as of June 2013.

- CIP 2015 refers to projects to be implemented during 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2015 using data (newly collected) as of June 2014.

7.3. CIP Budget evolution

In its fifth year, the CIP budget 2015 totals 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion is already financed by GoB (64%) and the DPs (36%) and 3.9 billion USD represents the financial gap, of which 2.7 billion USD is targeted as a priority (Table 33). The budget has increased by 6% from the last reporting year, 2012/13, and by 56% compared to the baseline, 2009/10 (Annex 4.1). As of June 2014, the composition of total budget can be summarized as follows: Availability dominates (58%), followed by Access (39%) while Utilization (3%) is left behind. These shares compare with similar ones for last year: 61%, 36% and 4%, respectively. In the baseline year, the total budget was more evenly distributed throughout the dimensions: 51%, 40%, and 9%, respectively (Figure 44). The current distribution among the two main components is explained by the large volume of financial commitments under Availability (Figure 48).

Table 33: Summary of CIP 2015 budget (as of June 2014, in million USD)

CIP Dimensions Total CIP

Financed (ongoing and completed) Pipeline projects

GoB DPs Total Total Priority A=D+E B C D E F

Availability 7,331 2,644 1,442 4,086 3,245 2,236 Access 4,885 2,896 1,397 4,293 593 450 Utilization 449 91 319 410 39 28 Total 12,665 5,632 3,157 8,789 3,876 2,714

Figure 44: CIP Evolution by FSN dimension

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While the Government allocates proportionally more than Development Partners to programmes under Availability and Access (respectively 65% and 67% of the total dimension-specific budget), DPs invest more than GoB on Nutrition, 78% of the dimension-specific budget (Table 33). The fiscal space for FSN is largely dominated by Availability and Access. Utilization for Nutrition-related investments lag behind and attention is required especially by GoB funded investments.

CIP Financed budget allocation The financed budget has increased by 12% up to 8.8 billion USD, from the last reporting year, and by 62% compared to the baseline (Annex 4.1). As of June 2014, almost half of the financed budget (49%) is allocated to Access and 46% to Availability; this leaves to Utilization for Nutrition a residual of nearly 5% of the total financed budget (Figure 45). Compared to last reporting year, while the share for Utilization did not change, the Availability budget share reduced from 49% and that of Access increased from 47%. Compared to the baseline, the current situation shows a shift from Access to Availability and Nutrition (Annex 4.1). Overall financing for Availability and Access achieved a steady growth over the CIP implementation period. Availability-related financed budget grew sharply especially in its second year of implementation (2011/12) and then slowed down in the last two years and reached 4.1 billion USD in 2013/14. Access-related financed budget consistently grew and reached 4.3 billion USD in 2013/14, from 1.8 billion USD in the baseline. Nutrition, however, increased slowly from 0.1 billion USD in the baseline to 0.4 billion USD in 2013/14. The share of allocation by FSN dimension indicates that fiscal space for Nutrition -while slightly improved compared to the baseline - appears still inadequate.

Looking at share of budget allocation by programme, notably, programme 6 on “Improved access to markets” and programme 2 on “Improved water management” convey half of the total financed budget (Figure 47). This share decreased from 51% and 57%, registered during the last reporting year and the baseline, respectively. Moreover, programme 9 on “Effective safety nets” and programme 3 on “Improved quality of input and soil fertility” channel 29% of the total budget, which is similar to the share registered in both last reporting year and the baseline (28%). Overall, the four programmes’ budget share remained unchanged over the previous year (79%), but reduced compared to the baseline (85%). As of June 2014, the remaining 8 programmes account for 21%, the same share of

Figure 45: Financed budget by FSN dimension

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last reporting year, which expanded over the baseline share (15%). The three programmes under Utilization represent around 5% of total CIP financed budget. This share is mainly concentrated under programme 10 on "Community based nutrition", while the programme 11 and 12 channelled a small portion of the budget for Utilization for Nutrition.

Figure 47: Share of CIP 2015 financed budget by Programme

On one side, this indicates that while still largely predominant, fiscal space for programme 6 and 3 has been progressively reducing over the CIP implementation period. On other side, “Community based nutrition” largely maintained its leading role in channelling financial resources under Utilization for Nutrition.

Changes in CIP financed budget Table 34 shows the evolution of additional financing and related share of revisions as of June 2014 compared to the baseline. Overall financed budget increased on a yearly basis by 918 million USD. Out of the 918 million USD, 58% consists of newly financed projects, while 42% is due to budget revisions on existing projects. The total change is mainly due to Access component (66%) and on a lower measure to Availability (29%), while Utilization contribution is residual (5%). Project revisions are mainly due to Access-related projects, while the contribution in terms of newly financed projects is more evenly distributed throughout FSN dimensions (Table 34).

Table 34: Evolution of additional financing in CIP budget (in million USD)

CIP Components

Financed budget in CIP 2015

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revised in CIP 2015

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Total revision

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Addition during CIP 2011-2015

Availability 4,086 262 (18) 280 2,638 0 2,638 Access 4,293 609 399 210 2,483 689 1,794 Utilization 410 47 6 40 315 16 299

Total 8,789 918 387 530 5,436 705 4,731

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Community based nutrition

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Orient food and nutrition program through data

Food Safety and Quality Improvement

Implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions

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Changes in the CIP pipeline (gap to be financed) As of June 2014, financing gap within CIP totals 3.9 billion USD from 4.1 billion USD in the previous reporting year (Figure 48). The budget waiting for financing is largely concentrated under Availability (84%) and on a lower measure under Access (15%); while a meagre 1% only is left to Nutrition-related programmes (Figure 46). The Availability-related financial gap increased over the first four years, from 2.7 billion USD of the baseline year to 3.5 billion USD in CIP 2014, while reduced in CIP 2015 to 3.2 billion USD. Access-related financial gap decreased gradually over the entire CIP period from 1.4 billion to 0.6 billion USD. Nutrition-related financial gap reduced from 660 million USD of the baseline year to 39 million USD in the latest CIP period.

Figure 48: Evolution of CIP pipeline, total and priority projects

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Number of CIP related projects as of June 2014 As of June 2014, out of 415 financed projects, 136 projects are completed within 30th June 2014, while 279 projects are still ongoing: some of those will be completed within the CIP period, while some others will continue beyond 30thJune 2015. However, a total of 132 projects are listed in the pipeline as they are waiting for financing in the forthcoming years. Table 35 displays the number of currently financed and pipeline projects compared with baseline and previous year by programmes. Since the baseline year, the increase of 244 financed projects and decline of 124 pipeline projects suggests that additional projects have been financed under the CIP in addition to the identified pipeline. This can be due to several reasons which include the fast tracking of specific projects, that received financing without being previously pipelined.

Table 35: Number of CIP 2015 projects compared to previous year and baseline period

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2 Improved water management 31 29 56 16 62 20

3 Improved quality of input and soil fertility 16 20 29 9 32 9

4 Fisheries and aquaculture Development 17 20 34 21 36 13

5 Livestock development 12 22 22 19 26 18 Availability 104 153 225 83 249 82

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9 Effective safety nets 19 15 34 6 35 11 Access 56 68 107 21 114 38

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11 Orient food and nutrition program through data 3 9 12 - 13 2

12 Food Safety and Quality Improvement 4 11 10 2 10 3

Utilization 11 35 48 6 52 12 Total 171 256 380 110 415 132

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Average CIP project budget Table 36 shows the average size of the completed, ongoing and pipeline projects by programme and FSN dimension. Average size of financed projects increased marginally to 21.2 million USD, from 20.7 million USD in the last reporting year and from 19.6 million USD in the baseline. The pipeline projects' size reduced to 29 million USD compared to 38 million USD in the previous reporting year and to 19 million USD in the baseline. The size of Availability projects increased compared to the baseline while slightly reduced compared to previous reporting year. The size of ongoing projects in the Access component has been constantly increasing, while that of projects in Utilization has been fluctuating.

Table 36: Average CIP project budget - ongoing / completed and pipeline by programme

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2 Improved water management 24.7 29.6 31.0 46.1 30.5 39.4

3 Improved quality of input and soil fertility 21.9 13.0 36.4 241.7 34.0 232.2

4 Fisheries and aquaculture Development 7.6 16.6 7.2 11.1 8.5 10.5

5 Livestock development 5.1 31.5 5.5 8.6 5.2 5.6 Availability 13.9 17.6 17.0 41.6 16.4 39.6

6

Acce

ss

Improved access to markets 36.9 23.0 37.6 11.2 39.1 6.5


3.4 11.3 3.4 3.1 3.4 1.9

8 Enhanced Public Food Management Systems 21.1 16.9 31.0 106.4 31.6 27.3

9 Effective safety nets 31.1 26.2 34.3 60.2 41.4 31.1 Access 32.3 21.1 34.4 29.3 37.7 15.6

10

Util

izat

ion

Community based nutrition 20.3 30.7 12.1 10.6 11.5 2.9

11 Orient food and nutrition program through data 0.2 2.4 1.9 - 3.2 0.2

12 Food Safety and Quality Improvement 3.2 16.1 2.7 8.3 3.5 6.0

Utilization 8.6 18.9 7.6 9.8 7.9 3.2 Total 19.6 18.7 20.7 37.5 21.2 29.4

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CIP delivery between July 2010 and June 2014 CIP delivery considers actual rather than budgeted expenditure. As of June 2014, cumulative delivery is 4.8 billion USD, implying a yearly average delivery of 0.96 billion USD. Total delivery accounts for 54% of total financed budget. Availability, Access and Utilization for Nutrition delivered respectively 51%, 59% and 32% of their respective financed budgets. Budget delivery in 2013/14 is almost 1.6 billion USD, which is higher than the yearly average delivery and compared to that of last reporting year. Out of the total, GoB delivered 2.8 billion USD while DPs disbursed 2 billion USD (Table 37).

Table 37: Cumulative delivery as of June 2014 (in million USD)

CIP programme Delivery in FY 2012/13

(revised) Delivery in FY 2013/14 Cumulative delivery as of 2013/14

GoB DPs Total GoB DPs Total GoB DPs Total

1

Avai

labi

lity


77 43 119 82 34 115 243 112 355

2 Improved water management 184 46 230 163 62 225 590 168 758

3 Improved quality of input and soil fertility

35 188 223 58 275 333 167 559 727

4 Fisheries and aquaculture Development

26 11 37 42 11 54 128 34 163

5 Livestock development 11 12 24 14 9 23 40 45 85

Availability 333 301 634 359 391 750 1170 919 2088

6

Acce

ss

Improved access to markets 369 125 494 313 84 398 951 403 1354


0 4 4 0 3 3 0 13 13

8 Enhanced Public Food Management Systems

55 6 61 41 1 43 158 7 165

9 Effective safety nets 159 145 304 147 165 313 481 528 1010

Access 583 280 863 502 254 755 1590 952 2542 10

Util

izat

ion

Community based nutrition 4 9 12 13 52 66 22 81 103

11

Orient food and nutrition program through data

1 3 4 1 6 7 3 11 14

12

Food Safety and Quality Improvement

1 2 3 2 3 5 4 10 14

Utilization 5 13 19 16 61 78 28 102 130 Total 921 594 1515 877 706 1583 2788 1972 4760

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Yearly execution performance Yearly execution performance in 2013/14 is 53% down from 73% in the previous CIP years. Figure 49 shows the execution rate by individual programmes in 2013/14. This is a positive result considering the accounting principles to compute the execution performance indicator.

The CIP considers the total budget of single projects for their whole duration and accounts for yearly quotas within the CIP period. The rate of execution is the proportion of yearly delivery to yearly pro-rata budget. Since the unspent budget is always carried forward to the next CIP year, pro-rata budgets are subsequently calculated by including the unspent budget on the next year. This reduces execution performance in years where pro-rata budget is higher due to unspent budget inclusion from the previous year.

Yearly budget allocation and in turn execution performance depend on projects’ timeline. Actually, projects’ adjustments (such as, budget revisions and extension of project’s duration) required for poorly executed projects can modify yearly budget allocation and in turn execution performance.

The current situation in terms of execution performance suggests that extension of those projects with low delivery rate is likely. This would translate in revision of budgetary allocations that, coupled with increasing service costs, could compromise implementation of new pipeline projects. New projects funding may consequently decline as implementing agencies focus their attention on projects’ completion rather than initiating new ones. It is, therefore, necessary to accelerate projects’ implementation, without compromising their effectiveness, to make sure that pipeline projects will be timely implemented. To accelerate investments, budget delivery and in turn improve execution performance, strengthening the governance for projects and programmes implementation is a crucial premise.

CIP financing beyond June 2015 CIP monitoring has been planned for a 5-year implementation period, whereas the ADP is a continuous process. The current monitoring exercise is expected to end in June 2015 and CIP budget is computed up to the end of CIP period. As a result, the closer the end of CIP, the larger is the budget’s share falling beyond CIP. This budget can either be already financed (for ongoing projects, which will continue after the end of June 2015), or in the pipeline (for projects that will start after the end of June 2015).

As of June 2014, investments for ongoing projects continuing beyond the CIP period (i.e. after 30th June 2015) total 1.6 billion USD, up by 961 million USD compared to previous reporting period. Out of this budget, 881 million USD represent DPs contribution, while 754

Figure 49: Execution performance by FSN programmes

0%

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Execution gap Execution rate by programme Overall rate achieved

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million USD is GoB financing. Utilization, Availability and Access cover respectively 6%, 49% and 45% of the post-CIP financed budget (Table 38). The longest project beyond CIP is a BWDB project (under programme 3), which will end in 30th June 2020. On the other hand, 3.2 billion USD is the financing gap for projects that will start after June 2015. This figure represents the 84% of the current CIP financing gap, accounting for those projects that will start before 30th June 2015. Utilization, Availability and Access cover respectively 1%, 70% and 29% of the post-CIP pipeline (Table 38).

The share of allocation in both current and future FSN related programmes indicates that fiscal space for Nutrition is still inadequate, although signs of improvement can be appreciated specifically in the post-CIP financed budget.

Table 38: Post CIP financed budget through ADP (in million USD)

CIP programme Ongoing projects Pipeline

Total GoB DPs Total 1

Avai

labi

lity

Sustainable and diversified agriculture 238 106 132 48 2 Improved water management 497 127 370 163 3 Improved quality of input and soil fertility 30 16 15 1,642 4 Fisheries and aquaculture Development 25 22 4 305 5 Livestock development 11 10 1 83 Availability 802 280 522 2,240

6

Acce

ss

Improved access to markets 441 271 170 269

7 Implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions 1 - 1 18

8 Enhanced Public Food Management Systems 18 18 - 292

9 Effective safety nets 272 159 113 362

Access 732 448 284 941

10

Util

izat

ion Community based nutrition 69 24 45 9

11 Orient food and nutrition program through data 31 2 28 1

12 Food Safety and Quality Improvement 2 - 2 7 Utilization 101 26 75 17

Total 1,635 754 881 3,198

7.4. Development partners' reporting on contribution to CIP

The goal of collecting data on DPs contribution to CIP is to identify the DPs-specific ongoing contributions and future commitments; to seize DPs’ alignment to ADP; and to further validate the CIP monitoring as reported by GoB, through TT members and vetted with ADP book data. From a theoretical point of view, the total CIP budget as reported by GoB should tally with the total CIP budget as reported by DPs. However, this has not been the case for the previous three years of CIP implementation. Budgets’ alignment has improved in 2013/14 due to extensive crosschecking and validation process.

As of June 2014, DPs contribution as reported by GoB totals 3,157 million USD, which compares with DPs-reported amount of 3,149 million USD. The difference of 8 million USD

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represents a substantial improvement compared to the gap of 292 million USD, reported in 2012/13.

Figure 50 shows DPs’ contribution through the ADP and non-ADP channels, as well as possible future commitments within the CIP period. In 2013/14, total DPs’ contribution through ADP accounts for 3,149 million USD, which increased by 296 million USD compared to the previous reporting year. Besides, contribution through non-ADP channels increased to 979 million USD by 85 million USD, compared to last reporting year. However, 2013/14 future contributions to CIP decreased by 22% to 1,267 million USD, from 1,547 million USD in 2012/13. As CIP approaches its end, CIP future commitments show a reduced volume, as only one year to implement the CIP is left. Most of the DPs’ future commitments are therefore increasingly reflected beyond the CIP period. Development Partners contribution through ADP Figure 51 shows the top contributors (more than 20 million USD) among the DPs, as of June 2014. Among the top-five DPs (contributing more than 300 million USD), DFID is the only one investing (125 million USD) in Utilization-related programmes, while the other top-five only contribute to either Availability or Access. The World Bank is the top contributor with 620 million USD.

Besides, IFAD, EU and EKN contribute between 100 and 200 million USD. Out of 131 million of EU budget, 36% was Nutrition-related financing, while IFAD and EKN mostly financed only through Availability. Among the other DPs, only UNICEF contributed exclusively through Nutrition-related programmes.

Figure 50: ADP/non-ADP contribution and future commitments

Futu

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ADP AD

P0

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CIP 2013CIP 2014

CIP 2015

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Figure 51: Portfolio of largest donors through ADP

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DPs contribution through Non-ADP As of June 2014, DPs channelled 979 million USD through non-ADP budget, up from 894 million USD in 2012/13. USAID and DFID alone provided 76% of the non-ADP budget. While USAID is largely investing on non-ADP Nutrition-related projects (122 million USD), DFID contributes to non-ADP budget with 390 million USD under Availability and Access related programmes only. Figure 52 presents the portfolio of largest DPs contributing to non-ADP channels.

DPs Commitments beyond CIP period The DPs commitments beyond CIP are accounted on a yearly pro-rata budget, after 30th

June 2015. As of June 2014, total financed budget beyond CIP totals 1,180 million USD, which compares with 492 million USD in 2012/13. Non-ADP commitment beyond June 2015 is 249 million compared to 85 million USD in the previous reporting year. Finally, future contribution beyond CIP stands at 1,180 million USD compared to 615 million in 2013/14. Details of DPs future commitments by programme are given in Annex 4.6c.

7.5. Recommendations

Continue sustaining FSN investments beyond CIP period: CIP budget continued expanding in both financed and pipeline components. However, with the CIP coming to its end, financial resources will be increasingly allocated and accounted after June 2015. Furthermore, efforts should be made to secure the financial gap for pipeline projects. In particular, while Government financing on Utilization component slightly increased in recent years, GOB only spent 0.36 USD for each USD spent by DPs.

Improve execution performance: Execution performance slowed down compared to last exceptional year, and needs to accelerate as only 41% of the financed budget is utilized in 2013/14. This may result in extension of ongoing projects and increase in cost, and in turn it may hamper new project initiatives.

Focus on areas lagging behind: Some of the sub-programmes, such as sub-programme 8.1 and 8.2, did not have any financed project over the entire CIP period. Further investigation is needed to minimize these gaps, especially for the sub-programme 8.1 due mainly to the absence of project listed in the pipeline as future interventions. Moreover, there are sub-programmes against which no pipeline projects were identified (e.g. sub-programmes 2.3, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 7.1, 8.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.2). It would, therefore, be challenging to implement PoA interventions related to the programmes where these sub-programmes are listed.

Figure 52: Portfolio of largest donors through non-ADP

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Upscale project formulation under utilization for nutrition sensitive interventions: Formulation of new projects is required to scale-up the financing of Utilization programmes. DPs have a huge investment outside the ADP for nutrition programmes. The lessons and experience gained in implementing the programmes should be shared with the Government for possible expansion of projects along the ADP activities. Moreover, while the contribution of projects under Utilization is very low, Nutrition interventions need to be strongly integrated into initiatives under Availability and Access pillars. It is therefore essential to target nutrition sensitive interventions towards enhancing delivery on nutrition outcomes and to mainstream them into new initiatives within the other FSN pillars.

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8. Overall assessment and recommendations

The National Food Policy (NFP) provides strategic guidance for achieving food and nutrition security. The NFP Plan of Action (PoA) translates this into 26 Areas of Intervention (AoI) for the period 2008 to 2015. The Bangladesh Country Investment Plan: A Road Map towards Investment in Agriculture, Food Security and Nutrition (CIP) identifies 12 investment programmes to ensure implementation of the PoA. Implementation mechanisms and responsibilities across Government are specified in the NFP PoA Section I.4 and Part II, respectively.

8.1. Overall assessment

Need to continue progress Progress towards the NFP goal is measured using undernourishment, child underweight and child stunting. In 2013/14, undernourishment was estimated at 16.7%, underweight at 32.6% and stunting at 36.1%, with the targets having been achieved. While there has been remarkable progress over the past two decades, major challenges remain to sustain the gains into the future. Undernourishment has risen in the last four years, food based poverty declined, especially at the lower threshold, but at a slower pace than expenditure based poverty while considering all 3 indicators. The decline in underweight and stunting has been appreciable, though slower than that of expenditure based poverty but faster than food based poverty at the higher threshold.

Four food security and nutrition indicators of the Results Framework of the SFYP shows that agricultural GDP growth remarkably improved compared to the previous year, reaching 4.3% in 2013/14 and spending on social protection as share of GDP remained almost static reaching 2.26% in 2013/14 – all remaining below targets. While poverty estimates are not available after 2010, GDP growth per capita suggests that the poverty headcount in 2013/14 could be expected to be around 25%, indicating achievement of the MDG 1 target. The rice-wage increased by 73.3%, exceeding the yearly target.

As foreseen in the 7FYP, Bangladesh will embark in expanding FSN within a broader inter-sectoral vision. The comprehensive analysis of progress achieved under NFP PoA and CIP provides a policy update to inform the preparation of the 7FYP.

Sustain rice production and strengthen crop diversification Yearly agricultural GDP (excluding forestry) growth accelerated by 2.1 percentage up to 4.3% in 2013/14, meeting its target, mainly due to increased rice, animal and fish production. Rice import dependency, measured as an average for the period 2011/12-2013/14 consequently dropped to 1%, down from 2.3% registered in 2012/13. Instability of rice production has remained substantially unchanged in 2013/14 from its lowest level over the reference period of 2.9% registered in 2012/13, mainly due to the stability in rice production throughout all seasons. In 2013/14, price of rice was more stable than the previous year although on an increasing trend, while wheat price has been decreasing and more volatile over the same period. Although the agricultural trade deficit rose to 6.9 billion USD in 2011, fishery exports improved. Crops other than rice, fishery and livestock grew, suggesting a diversification of food production patterns. A more diversified production

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requires a more diversified set of inputs, public and private services and infrastructures, with greater inclusion of increasing numbers of small and marginal farms.

Sustain and promote food access Rice wage increased substantially, income poverty reduced and population with deficient calorie intake declined – all pointing to a wider access to food. Generation of employment and skill development are high priorities to ensure that wages and labour productivity continues to improve. However, many people remain vulnerable, for which increased attention needs to be paid for ensuring pro-poor growth and establishing peoples’ right to food. Alongside, stabilizing food prices, promoting non-farm employment and reducing wage difference between men and women warrant special attention.

Promote safe and diversified diets and reduce malnutrition Caloric adequacy alone cannot help meet dietary nutritional requirements. Protein requirement is met largely from rice with the quality of protein being inadequate. The supply and intake of dietary energy from cereals though declined slightly, has not adequately reduced to meet the recommended target of 60% Cereal Energy. Diversification of food systems to improve nutrition, including capacity strengthening of women in nutrition-sensitive agriculture is essential. Implementation of prevention and control strategies for NCDs and addressing the double burden of malnutrition (39% of women having BMI>23 and 17% women having BMI<18.5) and promotion of dietary diversity are keys to addressing the problem. The rate of under nutrition especially stunting among children under 5 needs to be further accelerated. Appropriate IYCF practices would help increase the proportion of children 6 to 23 months fed a minimum acceptable diet from its current level of 23%. Fortification initiatives need to be scaled-up notably USI, wherein iodized salt consumption was only 81% in 2014. Universal access to safe water is yet to be reached while that of hygiene and sanitation is much further away, both which are critical barriers to improved nutrition.

The CIP 2015: financial input monitoring CIP 2015 totals 12.7 billion USD, of which 8.8 billion is already financed by GoB (64%) and the DPs (36%) and 3.9 billion USD represents the financial gap, of which 2.7 billion USD is targeted as priority. As of June 2014, Access, Availability and Utilization channel respectively 49%, 46% and 5% of financed budget. Financing gap reduced to 3.9 billion USD from 4.1 billion USD in previous reporting year. Future commitments within CIP are largely concentrated on Availability (84%), to a lesser extent on Access (15%) and only marginally on nutrition (1%). In 2013/14, budget delivery increased by 4% up to 1.6 billion USD from the previous reporting year, and reached 4.8 billion USD since 2010/11, the first year of CIP implementation. This figure represents 54% of total financed budget. In particular, Availability, Access and Nutrition delivered 51%, 59% and 32% of their financed budget. As of June 2014, GoB invested 1.78 USD for each USD spent by DPs. This figure varies among components: 1.8 USD for Availability, 2 USD for Access, while 0.3 USD only for Utilization for Nutrition.

Looking at investments beyond June 2015 (post-CIP period), 1.6 billion USD is already financed as of June 2014: with Utilization, Availability and Access covering 6%, 49% and 45% respectively. The analysis of both financed budget and financing gap both within and post

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CIP indicates that fiscal space for Nutrition in both current and future FSN related programmes is still inadequate.

Analysis of the CIP indicates the following conclusion:

Continue sustaining FSN investments beyond CIP period; Improve execution performance; Focus on areas lagging behind; Upscale projects’ formulation under Food Utilization for Nutrition-sensitive

intervention.

8.2. Recommendations

NFP Objective 1: Availability Crop sector performance is improving steadily. Variety development, quality seed delivery and increased irrigation coverage are contributing to this achievement. Production of non-crops also shows signs of improvement. Diversification to fisheries, livestock and non-rice crops contributes to the achievement in overall food and nutrition security. Self sufficiency status in rice is continued with reducing dependence on imports. Attainment of self sufficiency in fisheries is not too far. The country is providing 19.3 kg per capita per year as opposed to the required 21.9 kg. The country has adequate potential to produce further to meet the requirement. Inputs supplies improved and the prices show no escalation. Credit delivery increased due to conducive policy changes. Subsidy on fertilizer is on the decline. Shrimp policy and aquaculture development and action plans, and research initiatives for development of fish varieties and crab are expected to positively influence the fisheries sector. The livestock sector scenario however is dismal. Prices of all meat products are increasing largely due to production shortages. Implementation of new livestock extension policy, expanding vaccination and artificial insemination programme, efforts for promoting hybrid cattle and disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within livestock sector could perhaps contribute to the development of livestock sector.

Programme 1 on sustainable and diversified agriculture through research and extension Sustain nutrition oriented agricultural research; Improve the Agricultural Research Management Information System (ARMIS); Facilitate ‘vertical’ integration between agricultural research, universities, and

extension service providers; Establish ‘horizontal’ integration between extension service providers to support

demand-led technology transfers; Mainstream the use of modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT); Establish a database of agriculture extension projects.

Programme 2 on improved water management and infrastructure for irrigation purposes Ensure sustainable use of groundwater; Improve irrigation efficiency and water productivity; Enhance availability and use of surface water; Enrich and update a data bank on water resources; Use arsenic free groundwater for irrigation and domestic purposes; Develop effective flood control and river erosion measures; Reduce salinity in coastal areas.

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Programme 3 on improved quality of inputs Produce more quality seed and improve distribution; Reduce nitrogen loss through increased use of USG and reap higher yields; Promote IPM and use of quality agrochemicals;

Programme 4 on fisheries and aquaculture development Enhance pond productivity; Reduce yield gap; Improve fishing habitat for hilsha and other species; Develop low cost feed and feed industry; Explore export potential of Pangas and Tilapia; Develop crab seed hatchery.

Programme 5 on livestock development, with a focus on poultry and dairy production Boost productivity through crossbreeding and selection; Promote dairy processing technologies; Sustain school milk programmes for better nutrition while supporting dairy farmers; Improve quantity and quality of feed and fodder; Sustain value addition in producing hides, skin, horn and bone; Support biogas production.

NFP Objective 2: Access Access to food has improved due to a variety of reasons namely, higher rice wages; improvement in income; existence of relatively stable food prices; expansion of safety net programmes; improvement in women’s wages; provision of more credit particularly to women and sharecroppers. This is supported by growth of small scale manufacturing, narrower margins between farm gate and retail prices and increased enrolment of women in technical and vocational education and training. Development of growth centres, rural markets and women market centres need further expansion. Deceleration of small scale manufacturing growth is affecting the creation of employment opportunities. The National Social Protection Strategy proposes to streamline safety net programmes and to consolidate most of the food-based programmes into cash-based transfers. To ensure access to food of the poor and vulnerable groups, some of the food based safety net programmes need to be retained so that at the time of disasters, adequate food can be distributed.

Programme 6 on improved access to markets, value addition in agriculture and to non- farm incomes Improve physical access to markets; Reduce wastage and quality loss of food products; Further reduce wage difference between men and women; Strengthen support to agro-processing; Promote employment generation through micro-enterprise development; Enhance skill development, particularly for women and disabled; Improve information system through use of IT services.

Programme 7 on strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of the NFP and CIP actions Formulate the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (NFNSP), Plan of Action

and the new Country Investment Plan; Mainstream capacity development components in the NFNSP, PoA, and the new CIP;

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Expedite the provision of additional FPMU staff; Strengthen implementation capacity and accelerate operations.

Programme 8 on enhanced public food management Strengthen capacities to manage PFDS through training and technological adoption; Boost public procurement system’s effectiveness through applied research; Plan PFDS operations consistently with NSPS and emergency response needs.

Programme 9 on institutional development and capacity development for more effective safety nets Prioritize and target the implement of National Social Protection Strategy; Integrate and expand market-driven initiatives and community participation in SSN

programmes; Establish a single registry management information system; Adapt cash and food transfers coherently with the food stock management strategy; Explore the preparation of a roadmap for fortified rice.

NFP Objective 3: Utilization and nutrition Several programmes to diversify diets for reducing the persistent dietary imbalances and promoting nutrition sensitive non-cereal production namely fisheries, poultry, fruits and vegetables have been considered nationwide. Follow-up of ICN2 Declaration for nutritional improvement of the population is of critical essence now. Supplementation of vitamin A and iron folate; salt iodisation; coverage of exclusive breast-feeding in the first six months; appropriate IYCF practices; implementation of the national micronutrient strategy; and increased behaviour change communication are progressing. Promulgation of Bangladesh Food Safety Act, formation and functioning of the Food Safety Authority are important steps towards provision of safe, nutritious and quality foods to the people. Special attention to the universal access to improved water and sanitation facilities; widespread poor hygiene practices; and high prevalence of food contamination needs to be given for better food utilization and nutrition.

Programme 10 on community based nutrition programmes and services Scale-up nutrition sensitive strategies in fisheries, livestock and women sectors; Improve facility and community based support to caregivers; Strengthen food fortification initiatives; Increase commitment in line with global nutrition initiatives; Follow-up ICN2 Declaration and Framework for Action.

Programme 11 on orienting food and nutrition programmes through data Improve harmonization between food security and nutrition information systems; Train users of FCT and dietary guidelines; Improve management capacity and coordination for nutrition.

Programme 12 on food safety and quality improvement Enhance awareness on food safety practices; Enhance coordination on food safety management; Formulate food safety regulations; Recruit and strengthen capacity of the food safety inspectors; Develop more food standards and ensure compliance; Designate food safety laboratories for specific analysis of foods;

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Reduce diarrhoeal prevalence and improve safe water supply; Strengthen healthy street food vending; Improve capacity building in value chains.

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Annexes

Annex 1. Comparison of the CIP and PoA output monitoring indicators Annex 2. Composition of Thematic Teams Annex 3. Actual and planned expenditures by key partner in the NFP Annex 4. Cost and financing of the CIP Annex 4.1 CIP budget for the current year vs. previous year and baseline Annex 4.2 Number and average budget of projects in CIP 2015 by sub-programmes Annex 4.3 CIP budget 2015 and delivery in 2013/14 by sub-programmes Annex 4.4 Ongoing and completed CIP projects as of June 2014 Annex 4.5 Pipeline projects as of June 2014 Annex 4.6 Development partners’ contribution and commitments in the CIP 2015 Annex 4.6a DPs contribution through ADP 2015 (as of June 2014) Annex 4.6b DPs contribution outside-ADP 2015 (as of June 2014) Annex 4.6c DPs future commitments (after June 2014)

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Annex 1. Comparison of the CIP and PoA output monitoring indicators This annex shows the correspondence between CIP programmes and NFP PoA Areas of Interventions and the indicators used to monitor performance at output level. A few indicators have been refined, e.g. the coefficient of variation of rice production over the last 10 years has been taken rather than the variability of foodgrain production, or adjusted slightly for data availability reasons.

AVAILABILITY ACCESS

NUTRITION

CIP Programme title and expected aggregate output

Corresponding NFP PoA Area of Intervention CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators

PROGRAMME 1 Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated research and extension: Productivity is enhanced, food production is diversified and resilience to climate change is increased through effective generation and propagation of sustainable technical solutions

1.1. Agricultural research and extension: Demand-driven crop and non-crop new technologies developed and disseminated; demand led and pro-poor extension service expanded

No. of improved new rice varieties developed by GoB agencies

No. of new non-rice varieties developed

Wheat Maize Potato Pulses Vegetables

1.9. Early Warning Development: Well functioning domestic Early Warning System established and integrated/coordinated with Global Early Warning System

Edible Oilseeds Fruits

No. of farmers trained on sustainable agriculture practices by DAE

Share of rice on total cropped land, %

HYV rice area as % total rice area (including boro hybrid) Annual change in major crops' production, %

Rice

2.1. Agricultural Disaster Management: Enhanced disaster preparedness and post disaster rehabilitation in agricultural systems

Wheat Maize Potato Pulses Brinjal Pumpkin Beans Lal Shak

Edible Oilseeds Banana

Guava Mango Pineapple Jackfruit

CIP Programme title and

expected aggregate output Corresponding NFP PoA Area of

Intervention

CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators

PROGRAMME 2 Improved Water Management and Infrastructure for Irrigation

1.2 Use and management of water resources: Increased irrigation coverage; Improved delivery and efficient use of safe irrigation

% of cropped area under irrigation


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Purposes: Sustainable and efficient water management is ensured for responding to farmer needs

water; reduced dependency on groundwater; reduced cost


Surface water irrigation area as % of total irrigation area

Irrigation cost per acre as % of total boro production cost



Intervention CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators

PROGRAMME 3 Improved quality of input and soil fertility: Access to quality inputs is improved and soil fertility is enhanced.

1.3. Supply and sustainable use of agricultural inputs: Increased supply of quality crop seeds; increased supply of quality seeds and feeds for fish and poultry farming; Timely supply and balance use of fertilizer ensured; agricultural machines and implements available at affordable prices; Strengthened IPM and ICM; increased efficiency and sustainability of agricultural land use; Agricultural land use for non-agricultural purposes effectively regulated

Annual change in improved rice, wheat and maize seeds production, %

Improved seeds supply (BADC, DAE and private companies) as % agronomic requirements

Rice Wheat Maize Potato Pulses

Vegetables Edible Oilseeds

(includes til, rape, mustard, groundnut and soya bean)

Supply of urea as % of estimated requirements Supply of TSP as % of estimated requirements

1.5. Agricultural credit and insurance: Increased formal credit to agriculture, to small and marginal farmers; assured coverage of financial loss due to failure of crops, livestock and fish production

Supply of MoP as % of estimated requirements Change in crop yields (moving average over 3 previous years), %

Rice Wheat Maize Potato Pulses Brinjal

Pumpkin Beans Lal Shak

Edible Oilseeds

(includes til, rape, mustard, groundnut and soyabean)

Banana Guava

Mango Pineapple

Jackfruit Agricultural credit

disbursement billion taka

% of target

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Corresponding NFP PoA Area of Intervention


PROGRAMME 4 Fisheries & aquaculture development: Sustainable increase of fishery production through improved technology and natural resources management

1.4. Agricultural diversification: Increased production of high value crops; Increased production of fish and livestock

GDP from fishery sector as % of agriculture GDP (excluding forest), at constant price 1995-1996

Annual change in national fish production, % Number of new fish varieties developed Fish exports

% of total exports % share of shrimp

Annual change of fingerling production (finfish), %




PROGRAMME 5 Livestock Development, with a focus on poultry and dairy production: Sustainable increase of livestock production is developed through improved technology, better animal health and resilient management practices.

1.4. Agricultural diversification: Increased production of high value crops; Increased production of fish and livestock

GDP from livestock sector as % of agricultural GDP (excluding forest, at constant price 1995-96)

Total production (quantity) of Eggs (million) Milk (million MT)

Meat (million MT)

Annual change in artificial insemination, %

Annual change in number of poultry deaths due to avian flu, %




PROGRAMME 6 Improved access to markets, value-addition in agriculture, and to non-farm incomes: Value chains are developed contributing to better access to food and increased rural incomes.

1.6. Physical Market infrastructure development: Improving private storage, market and transportation facilities, improving market connectivity at local, national and international levels

Difference between farm gate and retail prices of selected goods as % of farmgate

Coarse rice

1.7. Agricultural Marketing and Trade: Reduced marketing costs of agricultural products; strengthened market integration

Lentil

Onion 1.8. Policy/Regulatory Environment: Updated legislation regulating food markets enacted and enforced

Brinjal

Potato

2.3 Enabling Environment of Private Food trade and stocks: Enabling Environment of Private Food trade and stocks

Difference between dealers’ and farmers’ prices of fertilizers as % dealers price

Urea

2.5. Income generation for rural women and disabled people: Enhancing participation of women and disabled people in rural agricultural and other rural activities

TSP

MoP

143

No. of growth centres, rural markets, women market centres, and Union Parishad Complexes developed by LGED

2.6. Agrobased/ Agroprocessing MSMEs Development: Increased growth of agro-based /agro-processing and MSMEs

Wage differential between male and female in agriculture, %

Real GDP growth of small scale manufacturing, %

Number of students enrolled in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions

2.7. Market driven education, skills and human development: People's skills developed based on domestic and international market requirements

Ratio of TVET students in year t to secondary and higher secondary school enrolment in year t-1, %



Intervention


PROGRAMME 7 Strengthened capacities for implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions: National capacities to design, implement and monitor NFP PoA and investment operations are strengthened

Additional resources mobilized for CIP, USD

Increase in number and value of ongoing projects

CIP available budget execution performance

CIP Monitoring Reports produced




PROGRAMME 8 Enhanced Public Food Management Systems: Enhanced efficiency and effectiveness of Public Food Management Systems

1.10. Producer price support: Enhanced effectiveness of public procurement system; producer effectively supported during post-harvest

Effective grain storage capacity at close of fiscal year, thousand MT Average use of effective Government foodgrain storage capacity, % Actual procurement, thousand MT Achievement of public boro procurement target, %

1.11. Public Stock Management/ Price stabilization: Improved public stock management and enhanced effectiveness of OMS

Wholesale price during the boro procurement period as % of boro per unit cost production

Opening stock as % of budget target

Quantity of rice distributed through OMS as % of total domestic supply




PROGRAMME 9 Institutional Development and Capacity Development for more effective safety nets: Effectiveness and targeting of social safety net programmes are improved through strengthened institutional capacities to design and implement them.

2.2. Emergency Food Distribution from Public stocks: Improved coverage and effectiveness of emergency distribution programmes

Budgeted coverage of VGF and VGD, million cards

VGF (lakh person)

VGD (lakh person month)

2.4. Effectiveness of targeted food based programmes and safety nets: Improved coverage of vulnerable and disadvantaged people and areas, improved targeting, reduced leakage, enhanced adequacy to vulnerable people's needs

Safety net programmes expenditure as % of GDP Budgeted coverage of employment generation programme for the poor, million person month

Quantity of VGF and GR distributed, MT

144


Corresponding NFP PoA Area of Intervention CIP/NFP PoA output proxy indicators

PROGRAMME 10 Community based nutrition programmes and services: Nutrition and health are improved at community level through integrated short and long term interventions.

3.2 Balanced and nutritious food for vulnerable people: Increased availability through local production of low cost foods for balanced nutrition; Poor, distressed and vulnerable women and children (including those from monga areas) effectively covered by food based nutrition programmes and growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) programmes.

Proportion of infants under six months exclusively breastfed, %

Poor households raising home gardening and backyard poultry, %

3.3 Nutrition education on dietary diversification: Increased % of women educated in nutrition and primary health care activities through formal and non-formal education; Increased home gardening and backyard poultry raising activities by poor households

% of total dietary energy supply for consumption from:

Cereal

Sugar and sweeteners

3.4 Food supplementation and fortification: Increased coverage of Vitamin A, coverage and compliance of iron-folate supplementation and coverage of HH with adequately iodized salt; Increased coverage of food items for fortification with important micronutrients, e.g. vitamin A, iron and zinc

Oil and oil crops

Roots and tubers

Pulses

3.7 Women and children health: Improved child and mother health; Improved adolescents’ and women’s general health; Reduced neonatal mortality rate (NMR); Infant mortality rate (IMR), child mortality rate (CMR) and maternal mortality rate (MMR) mortality rates; Reduced total fertility rate (TFR)

Fruits and vegetables

Meat, fish, eggs and milk Others (includes stimulants, spices,

alcoholic beverages, offal, animal fats, aquatic products and miscellaneous)

3.8 Protection and promotion of breastfeeding and complementary feeding: Strengthened exclusive breastfeeding practices; Expanded practice of breastfeeding; Ensured safe and nutritious complementary feeding; Strengthened baby-friendly hospital initiative; Increased maternity leave, particularly post-partum; BMS Code respected by the breast milk substitutes marketers

Prevalence of global acute malnutrition among children < 5 years < -2SD, %

Prevalence of severe acute malnutrition among children < 5 years < -3SD, %

Proportion of women ANC coverage of at least 4 visits, %




PROGRAMME 11 Orient food and nutrition programme through data: Effective information supports planning,

3.1. Long term planning for balanced food: Long-term targets for physical growth established; Standard food intake established for different population groups;

Number of mass media activities for Behavioural change communication Desirable Dietary Pattern established and updated Food Composition Tables updated

145

monitoring and evaluation of food security policies and interventions.

integrated plan for attaining standard food intake targets established

Food security and nutrition databases/ surveillance systems



Intervention

PROGRAMME 12 Food Safety and Quality Improvement: National food safety control management, and food borne illness surveillance services are strengthened

3.5. Safe drinking water and improved sanitation: Safe water and sanitation facilities available and accessible for all by 2015

No. of compulsory food items standardized by BSTI

Prevalence of diarrhoea in under 5 children (in two week period), %

3.6 Safe, quality food supply: Enhanced access to safe and quality food, for domestic consumption and also for international trade

Proportion of population served with safe water supply for domestic use, %

Proportion of population having access to safe drinking water in arsenic affected areas, %

146

Annex 2. Composition of Thematic Teams TT

Agency

Them

atic

Team

A: f

ood

avai

labi

lity

1 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food

2 Ministry of Agriculture 3 Bangladesh Chemical Industry Corporation, Ministry of Industry , Project Design Division 4 Ministry of Food 5 Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock 6 Ministry of Water Resources

7-9 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 10 Ministry of Food

11-12 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme-FAO

Them

atic

Team

B:

food

acc

ess

13 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 14 Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief 15 Ministry of Social Welfare 16 Local Government Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives 17 Rural Development and Cooperative Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and

Cooperatives 18-19 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 20-21 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme-FAO

Them

atic

Team

C:

food

util

izatio

n

22 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 23 Ministry of Primary and Mass Education 24 Ministry of Women and Children Affairs 25 LG Division, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives 26 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 27 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

28-29 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme –FAO 30-31 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food

Them

atic

Tea

m D

: da

ta e

xcha

nge

32 Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture 33 Ministry of Food 34 Agriculture Wing, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) 35 Department of Agricultural Marketing, Ministry of Agriculture 36 Directorate General of Food 37 Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Ministry of Planning 38 Finance Division, Ministry of Finance

39-40 Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food 41-42 National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme-FAO

147

Annex 3. Actual and planned expenditures (in billion taka) of key partner ministries and divisions

Re

vise

d bu

dget

Chan

ge F

Y10-

11/

FY09

-10

(revi

sed)

Chan

ge re

vise

d/

initi

al

% o

f tot

al e

xp

Revi

sed

budg

et

Chan

ge F

Y11-

12/

FY10

-11

(revi

sed)

Chan

ge re

vise

d/

initi

al

% o

f tot

al e

xp

Revi

sed

budg

et

Chan

ge F

Y12-

13/

FY11

-12

(revi

sed)

Chan

ge re

vise

d/

initi

al

% o

f tot

al e

xp

Plan

ned

budg

et

Cha

nge

FY13

-14/

FY12

-13

(pla

nned

)

% o

f tot

al e

xp

Plan

ned

budg

et

Cha

nge

FY13

-14/

FY12

-13

(pla

nned

)

% o

f tot

al e

xp

MoA 84.4 26% 25% 7% 92.6 10% 25% 6% 148.8 61% 67% 9% 122.8 -17% 6% 123.9 1% 5%MoFL 7.9 25% -8% 1% 9.3 18% -5% 1% 8.9 -4% -6% 1% 10.7 19% 1% 13.4 26% 1%MoWR 21.3 16% 4% 2% 22.6 6% 1% 2% 25.0 11% -14% 2% 27.7 11% 1% 36.2 31% 2%

Subtotal agriculture 113.6 16% 18% 9% 124.5 10% 17% 9% 182.7 47% 43% 11% 161.2 -12% 8% 173.5 8% 7%

LGD 93.4 22% -3% 8% 103.9 11% -5% 7% 132.2 27% 6% 8% 133.2 1% 7% 154.6 16% 7%RDCD 6 59% -12% 0% 10.5 75% 31% 1% 12.0 15% 8% 1% 14.3 19% 1% 15.2 6% 1%MCHTA 5.5 28% -3% 0% 6.7 22% 1% 0% 5.6 -16% -13% 0% 6.3 13% 0% 7.4 16% 0%

Subtotal rural development 104.9 24% -4% 9% 121.1 15% -2% 8% 149.8 24% 6% 9% 153.9 3% 8% 177.2 15% 7%

MoSW 17.7 40% -8% 1% 19.5 10% -5% 1% 20.4 5% -1% 1% 21.6 6% 1% 29.0 34% 1%MoWCA 11.9 -1% -4% 1% 12.4 4% 0% 1% 13.3 8% 2% 1% 14.3 7% 1% 15.8 11% 1%MoFood/a 69.3 66% 15% 6% 11.0 NA NA 1% 13.2 20% 22% 1% 12.3 -7% 1% 16.9 38% 1%MoDM/b NA NA NA NA 54.5 NA NA 4% 58.6 7% 1% 4% 63.6 9% 3% 72.9 15% 3%Subtotal social security and welfare

98.9 49% 8% 8% 97.4 -2% -6% 7% 105.5 8% 3% 6% 111.7 6% 6% 134.5 20% 6%

MoHFW 76.2 21% -6% 6% 81.5 7% -8% 6% 91.3 12% -2% 6% 99.6 9% 5% 111.5 12% 5%

Subtotal health and nutrition 76.2 21% -6% 6% 81.5 7% -8% 6% 91.3 12% -2% 6% 99.6 9% 5% 111.5 12% 5%

Total food security 393.6 26% 4% 32% 424.5 8% 1% 29% 529.3 25% 14% 32.0% 526.3 -1% 26.7% 596.7 13% 25.2%

Total GoB expenditure (development + non development)

1,213 21% 1,445 19% 1,653 14% 1,970 19% 2,371 20%

\a: until FY 2012-13, MoFood includes also the budget of the MoDM

FY14-15FY13-14FY12-13FY10-11 FY11-12

\b: MoDM established in FY 2012-13Source: Budget in Brief, MoF (http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/)

Partner ministries

Planned Expenditures include development expenditures (expenditures under the Annual Development Program (ADP) but also non-ADP expenditure on Food for Work (kind or cash) and the transfer from food sale proceeds for Development activities, as well as employment generation programs/development programs financed out of non-development /revenue budget; non development expenditures include revenue expenditure pay and allowances, goods and services, interest payments, subsidies and transfers, block allocations), non-development capital expenditure (e.g. acquisition of assets, equity investments), see Budget in Brief, MoF, various years (http://www.mof.gov.bd/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=115&Itemid=1); Total expenditure excludes loans and advances (D), domestic and foreign debt, food account operations (C) and structural adjustment expenditures (E).

148

Annex 4. Cost and financing of the CIP Annex 4.1: CIP 2015 budget vs. previous year and baseline

CIP programme GoB DPs Total Total Priority GoB DPs Total Total Priority GoB DPs Total Total Priority

A=D+E B C D E F A=D+E B C D E F A=D+E B C D E F

1Sustainable and diversified agriculture

687 65 76 141 546 401 804 393 270 663 141 116 797 403 266 669 128 107

2 Improved water management 1,624 533 233 766 857 611 2,476 1,453 285 1,738 738 515 2,679 1,481 410 1,891 789 513

3 Improved quality of input and soil fertility

610 332 19 351 259 197 3,232 405 651 1,056 2,175 1,528 3,177 418 669 1,087 2,090 1,463

4 Fisheries and aquaculture Development

460 100 29 129 331 212 478 196 50 245 233 160 442 256 48 305 137 96

5 Livestock development 754 21 40 61 693 422 285 75 46 121 164 84 235 86 49 135 101 56

Availability 4,136 1,053 395 1,448 2,688 1,843 7,274 2,521 1,303 3,824 3,450 2,403 7,331 2,644 1,442 4,086 3,245 2,236

6 Improved access to markets 1,811 795 350 1,145 666 372 2,398 1,635 618 2,253 145 85 2,680 1,858 685 2,542 137 74

7Implementation and monitoring of NFP and CIP actions

78 0 10 10 68 47 20 0 17 17 3 2 21 0 17 17 4 3

8Enhanced Public Food Management Systems

368 63 - 63 305 220 354 218 30 248 106 74 393 254 30 284 109 79

9 Effective safety nets 984 279 312 591 394 287 1,527 528 637 1,166 361 305 1,792 784 665 1,449 342 295

Access 3,241 1,137 672 1,809 1,432 927 4,300 2,381 1,303 3,684 616 467 4,885 2,896 1,397 4,293 593 450

10 Community based nutrition 543 11 71 81 461 411 357 61 253 314 42 33 354 74 259 333 20 18

11 Orient food and nutrition program through data

22 1 0 1 21 13 23 7 16 23 - - 43 6 36 42 0 0

12Food Safety and Quality Improvement

190 1 12 13 178 91 43 11 16 27 17 9 52 11 24 35 18 10

Utilization 755 12 82 95 660 515 422 79 284 363 59 42 449 91 319 410 39 28

Total 8,132 2,202 1,150 3,352 4,780 3,285 11,996 4,981 2,890 7,871 4,125 2,912 12,665 5,632 3,157 8,789 3,876 2,714

TotalCIP

Financed (ongoing and completed)

Pipeline projects

Avai

labi

lity

CIP 2015 (2013/14)CIP 2011 (2009/10)

TotalCIP

Financed (ongoing) Pipeline projects

CIP 2014 (2012/13)

TotalCIP

Financed (ongoing and completed)

Pipeline projects

Acce

ssU

tiliz

atio

n

149

Annex 4.2: Number and average budget of projects in CIP 2015 by sub-programme

CIP programme Subprogram

Prio

rity

rank

ing Number of projects

(as of June 2014)

Average budget (million USD, as of June

2014)

Completed

Ongoing

Pipeline

Completed

Ongoing

Pipeline

Avai

labi

lity

1

Sust

aina

ble

and

dive

rsifi

ed a

gric

ultu

re

1.1 Enhance research & knowledge generation and adoption to increase agricultural productivity and diversity in a sustainable manner

H 14 26 12 1.9 5.8 2.6

1.2

Improve extension services to propagate knowledge & practices, supported by community-based experimentation & learning and indigenous knowledge

H 17 22 4 3.6 7.4 2.4

1.3 Promote the development of responses to adapt agricultural systems to climate change T - 14 6 - 19.2 14.6

31 62 22 2.9 9.4 5.8

2

Impr

oved

wat

er m

anag

emen

t 2.1 Improve water management in water distribution systems and at farm level M 7 11 5 8.6 24.2 38.8

2.2 Improve & increase efficiency of surface water irrigation, in particular in the south H 14 18 14 9.3 28.7 42.5

2.3 Reduce impact of saline water intrusion in the South H - 2 - - 94.5 -

2.4 Enhance river water flow to the South T 1 9 1 0.2 80.9 -

22 40 20 8.7 42.5 39.4

3

Impr

oved

qua

lity

of i

nput

and

soil

fert

ility

3.1 Enhance availability of agricultural inputs, tested and certified for quality of diversified crops

H 14 6 9 10.7 143.6 232.2

3.2 Develop public private partnerships through capacity development T 2 3 - 2.7 16.0 -

3.3 Improve and increase sustainability of soil fertility management H 3 4 - 1.1 4.8 -

3.4 Facilitate access to credit and other financial services by smallholders and the rural poor T - - - - - -

19 13 9 8.3 71.4 232.2

4

Fish

erie

s and

aqu

acul

ture

Dev

elop

men

t

4.1 Develop small scale aquaculture, through access to quality inputs, advice and skills H 2 7 6 3.1 5.1 7.7

4.2 Improve management of fisheries resources H 3 22 6 6.3 10.6 15.0

4.3 Develop public private partnerships in support of infrastructure and services development M - - - - - -

4.4

Promote production in the South through sustainable shrimp and prawn development and community based co management of wetlands

L - 2 1 - 5.5 0.7

5 31 13 5.0 9.0 10.5

150


Prio

rity

rank


(as of June 2014)


2014)

Completed

Ongoing

Pipeline

Completed

Ongoing

Pipeline

5

Live

stoc

k de

velo

pmen

t

5.1 Strengthen animal health services, including better diagnosis and surveillance systems to mitigate disease outbreaks

M 2 4 2 8.2 4.6 1.7

5.2 Strengthen husbandry capacity at household level through community based improved knowledge and advisory services

H 2 4 1 4.4 2.5 6.7

5.3 Improve availability and quality of inputs through public private partnerships H - 2 8 - 3.1 5.7

5.4 Research on livestock development, including genetic improvement L 4 8 7 5.8 6.5 6.5

8 18 18 6.0 4.8 5.6 Availability 85 164 82 6.0 21.8 39.6

Acce

ss

6

Impr

oved

acc

ess t

o m

arke

ts

6.1 Improve physical access to markets, facilities and information M 15 34 7 25.8 58.7 5.4

6.2 Mobilize and promote producer & marketing groups for improved market access and knowledge

T 1 4 2 0.6 4.3 4.3

6.3 Develop adequate storage, processing and value addition and reduce waste through public-private partnerships

H - 4 4 - 6.0 2.3

6.4 Promote and assist the development of off farm activities and rural businesses M 1 6 8 58.9 9.8 10.2

17 48 21 26.3 43.7 6.5

7

Impl

emen

tatio

n an

d m

onito

ring

of

NFP

and

CIP

act

ions

7.1 Strengthen capacities to implement, monitor and coordinate National Food Policy-Plan of Action and CIP

H 2 1 - 0.2 13.8 -

7.2 Strengthen national capacities for design, implementation and monitoring of CIP operations

H - 1 1 - 2.0 3.1

7.3 Strengthen capacities of civil society organisations to contribute to CIP development and implementation

H - 1 1 - 0.7 0.7

2 3 2 0.2 5.5 1.9

8

Enha

nced

Pub

lic F

ood

Man

agem

ent

Syst

ems

8.1 Enhance efficiency and effectiveness of Public Food Management Systems and improve its impact on price stabilization

T - - - - - -

8.2 Build capacities of Ministry of Food and Disaster Management and Directorate of Food to better manage the food systems

T - - 1 - - 10.1

8.3 Increase and modernize public storage and handling facilities, including in disaster prone areas

H 5 4 3 22.8 42.4 33.1

5 4 4 22.8 42.4 27.3

151


Prio

rity

rank


(as of June 2014)


2014)

Completed

Ongoing

Pipeline

Completed

Ongoing

Pipeline

9

Effe

ctiv

e sa

fety

net

s

9.1

Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net programmes and formulate a new integrated strategy for social safety net programmes

T - 1 3 - 6.8 91.9

9.2 Investment in employment and income generation of social safety nets (including in ADP)

H 12 22 8 12.5 58.7 8.3

12 23 11 12.5 56.5 31.1

Access 36 78 38 19.8 45.9 15.6

Utili

zatio

n

10

Com

mun

ity b

ased

nut

ritio

n 10.1 Community based livelihood and nutrition programmes, building on the National Nutrition Service (NNS)

T 3 21 7 27.0 11.0 2.9

10.2

Support community based efforts of homestead gardening, rearing small livestock, aquaculture and awareness building for improved nutrition

H 1 2 - 0.1 3.8 -

10.3 Link long term with immediate treatment of acute malnutrition, in particular through therapeutic and supplementary feeding

T - 2 - - 6.7 -

4 25 7 20.3 10.1 2.9

11

Orie

nt fo

od a

nd n

utrit

ion

prog

ram

th

roug

h da

ta

11.1 Undertake updated & comprehensive national survey of food consumption & food composition

M - 2 1 - 11.0 0.3

11.2

Undertake study of dietary diversification & supplementation needs and advocacy, awareness & educational materials to facilitate behavioural change in eating habits & practices

H 2 1 - 0.0 4.6 -

11.3 Strengthen national capacities in surveying and analysis to facilitate evidence based decisions M 4 4 1 0.5 3.4 -

6 7 2 0.3 5.7 0.2

12

Food

Saf

ety

and

Qua

lity

Impr

ovem

ent

12.1 Improve surveillance system of food borne illnesses M 1 1 1 3.0 3.6 12.2

12.2 Develop and enhance capacities of laboratories and systems for food quality assurance and safety and control of food

M 1 2 1 2.0 4.8 1.4

12.3 Support the development of a modern food control management system H 3 2 1 3.1 3.5 4.3

5 5 3 2.9 4.1 6.0 Utilization 15 37 12 6.5 8.4 3.2

Total 136 279 132 9.7 26.8 29.4

Annex 4.3: CIP budget 2015 and delivery in fiscal year 2013/14 by sub-programme

CIP programme Subprogramme

Prio

rity Total CIP Ongoing and Completed projects Pipeline projects Delivery in 2013/14

Amount % GoBs DPs Total % Pipeline % Priority GoB DPs Total

Availability

1


1.1

Enhance research & knowledge generation and adoption to increase agricultural productivity and diversity in a sustainable manner

H 208.0 1.6 133.3 44.1 177.4 2.0 30.6 0.8 21.5 29.7 10.1 39.9

1.2

Improve extension services to propagate knowledge & practices, supported by community-based experimentation & learning and indigenous knowledge

H 233.5 1.8 170.3 53.5 223.8 2.5 9.7 0.3 6.8 35.2 7.2 42.5

1.3 Promote the development of responses to adapt agricultural systems to climate change

T 355.8 2.8 99.4 168.8 268.2 3.1 87.6 2.3 78.8 16.7 16.4 33.0

797.4 6.3 403.1 266.4 669.4 7.6 128.0 3.3 107.1 81.7 33.7 115.3

2

Improved w

ater managem

ent

2.1 Improve water management in water distribution systems and at farm level

M 520.6 4.1 204.6 122.2 326.8 3.7 193.8 5.0 96.9 26.0 22.9 49.0

2.2 Improve & increase efficiency of surface water irrigation, in particular in the south

H 1241.3 9.8 504.7 141.5 646.2 7.4 595.1 15.4 416.6 48.1 35.4 83.5

2.3 Reduce impact of saline water intrusion in the South H 189.1 1.5 54.3 134.7 189.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.1 0.7 12.8

2.4 Enhance river water flow to the South T 728.5 5.8 717.3 11.2 728.5 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.4 3.2 79.6

2679.5 21.2 1481.0 409.6 1890.5 21.5 788.9 20.4 513.5 162.7 62.3 224.9

3

Improved quality of input and soil

fertility

3.1 Enhance availability of agricultural inputs, tested and certified for quality of diversified crops

H 3100.8 24.5 355.4 655.5 1010.9 11.5 2089.9 53.9 1462.9 46.5 274.9 321.5

3.2 Develop public private partnerships through capacity development T 53.4 0.4 53.1 0.3 53.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.7 0.3 8.0

153


Prio



3.3 Improve and increase sustainability of soil fertility management H 22.6 0.2 9.7 12.9 22.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.6

3.4 Facilitate access to credit and other financial services by smallholders and the rural poor

T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3176.7 25.1 418.1 668.8 1086.8 12.4 2089.9 53.9 1462.9 57.9 275.3 333.1

4

Fisheries and aquaculture Developm

ent

4.1 Develop small scale aquaculture, through access to quality inputs, advice and skills

H 88.1 0.7 37.1 4.8 41.9 0.5 46.2 1.2 32.3 5.7 1.6 7.3

4.2 Improve management of fisheries resources H 342.2 2.7 208.4 43.6 252.0 2.9 90.2 2.3 63.2 34.6 9.7 44.3

4.3 Develop public private partnerships in support of infrastructure and services development

M 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.4

Promote production in the South through sustainable shrimp and prawn development and community based co management of wetlands

L 11.6 0.1 10.9 0.0 10.9 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 2.0 0.0 2.0

441.9 3.5 256.4 48.4 304.8 3.5 137.1 3.5 95.8 42.3 11.3 53.6

5

Livestock development

5.1

Strengthen animal health services, including better diagnosis and surveillance systems to mitigate disease outbreaks

M 38.0 0.3 17.4 17.2 34.6 0.4 3.5 0.1 1.7 3.6 1.8 5.4

5.2

Strengthen husbandry capacity at household level through community based improved knowledge and advisory services

H 25.4 0.2 6.4 12.3 18.7 0.2 6.7 0.2 4.7 1.3 6.4 7.7

5.3 Improve availability and quality of inputs through public private partnerships

H 51.5 0.4 6.1 0.0 6.1 0.1 45.4 1.2 31.8 1.6 0.0 1.6

5.4 Research on livestock development, including genetic improvement L 120.4 1.0 55.8 19.3 75.1 0.9 45.3 1.2 18.1 7.6 0.3 7.9

154


Prio



235.4 1.9 85.7 48.8 134.5 1.5 100.8 2.6 56.3 14.1 8.5 22.7

Availability 7331 58 2644 1442 4086 46 3245 84 2236 359 391 750

Access

6

Improved access to m

arkets

6.1 Improve physical access to markets, facilities and information M 2421.0 19.1 1775.4 607.9 2383.3 27.1 37.7 1.0 18.8 300.0 82.9 382.8

6.2 Mobilize and promote producer & marketing groups for improved market access and knowledge

T 26.4 0.2 10.4 7.4 17.8 0.2 8.6 0.2 7.7 2.7 1.4 4.2

6.3

Develop adequate storage, processing and value addition and reduce waste through public-private partnerships

H 33.1 0.3 14.8 9.1 23.9 0.3 9.2 0.2 6.5 1.2 0.1 1.2

6.4 Promote and assist the development of off farm activities and rural businesses

M 199.1 1.6 57.3 60.1 117.5 1.3 81.7 2.1 40.8 9.3 0.1 9.4

2679.6 21.2 1857.9 684.6 2542.4 28.9 137.2 3.5 73.9 313.2 84.4 397.6

7

Implem

entation and monitoring of N

FP and CIP actions

7.1 Strengthen capacities to implement, monitor and coordinate National Food Policy-Plan of Action and CIP

H 14.2 0.1 0.2 14.1 14.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.5

7.2 Strengthen national capacities for design, implementation and monitoring of CIP operations

H 5.1 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 3.1 0.1 2.2 0.0 0.2 0.2

7.3 Strengthen capacities of civil society organisations to contribute to CIP development and implementation

H 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1

20.6 0.2 0.2 16.7 16.8 0.2 3.8 0.1 2.7 0.0 2.7 2.7

8

Enhanced Public Food M

anagement

Systems

8.1

Enhance efficiency and effectiveness of Public Food Management Systems and improve its impact on price stabilization

T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

155


Prio



8.2

Build capacities of Ministry of Food and Disaster Management and Directorate of Food to better manage the food systems

T 10.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.1 0.3 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

8.3 Increase and modernize public storage and handling facilities, including in disaster prone areas

H 383.3 3.0 253.7 30.3 284.0 3.2 99.3 2.6 69.5 41.3 1.3 42.6

393.4 3.1 253.7 30.3 284.0 3.2 109.4 2.8 78.6 41.3 1.3 42.6

9

Effective safety nets

9.1

Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net programmes and formulate a new integrated strategy for social safety net programmes

T 282.5 2.2 0.1 6.6 6.8 0.1 275.7 7.1 248.1 0.1 2.5 2.6

9.2 Investment in employment and income generation of social safety nets (including in ADP)

H 1509.3 11.9 784.2 658.5 1442.7 16.4 66.6 1.7 46.6 147.2 162.7 310.0

1791.8 14.1 784.3 665.1 1449.4 16.5 342.3 8.8 294.8 147.3 165.3 312.6

Access 4885 39 2896 1397 4293 49 593 15 450 502 254 755

Utilization

10

Comm

unity based nutrition

10.1 Community based livelihood and nutrition programmes, building on the National Nutrition Service (NNS)

T 332.6 2.6 61.1 251.0 312.2 3.6 20.4 0.5 18.4 11.2 48.8 60.0

10.2

Support community based efforts of homestead gardening, rearing small livestock, aquaculture and awareness building for improved nutrition

H 7.7 0.1 0.4 7.3 7.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.6 3.8

10.3

Link long term with immediate treatment of acute malnutrition, in particular through therapeutic and supplementary feeding

T 13.4 0.1 12.5 0.9 13.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 1.8

353.7 2.8 74.0 259.2 333.2 3.8 20.4 0.5 18.4 13.2 52.4 65.5

156


Prio



11

Orient food and nutrition program

through data

11.1

Undertake updated & comprehensive national survey of food consumption & food composition

M 22.2 0.2 1.1 20.9 21.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5

11.2

Undertake study of dietary diversification & supplementation needs and advocacy, awareness & educational materials to facilitate behavioural change in eating habits & practices

H 4.7 0.0 1.2 3.6 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

11.3 Strengthen national capacities in surveying and analysis to facilitate evidence based decisions

M 15.6 0.1 4.1 11.5 15.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 5.7 6.9

42.6 0.3 6.3 35.9 42.2 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 1.5 5.9 7.4

12

Food Safety and Quality Im

provement

12.1 Improve surveillance system of food borne illnesses M 18.8 0.1 0.4 6.1 6.5 0.1 12.2 0.3 6.1 0.0 0.9 0.9

12.2

Develop and enhance capacities of laboratories and systems for food quality assurance and safety and control of food

M 13.0 0.1 7.5 4.1 11.6 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.6 1.7

12.3 Support the development of a modern food control management system

H 20.7 0.2 3.1 13.3 16.4 0.2 4.3 0.1 3.0 0.6 1.5 2.1

52.5 0.4 11.0 23.5 34.5 0.4 17.9 0.5 9.8 1.6 3.1 4.7

Utilization 449 4 91 319 410 5 39 1 28 16 61 78

Total 12,665 100 5,632 3,157 8,789 100 3,876 100 2,714 877 706 1,583

157

Annex 4.4: Ongoing and completed CIP projects as of June 2014

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date

Project budget for the period Jul'10-Jun15

Delivery in FY 2013/14

Total delivery since Jul'10 DP

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

1: Sustainable and diversified agriculture

1.1: Enhance research & know

ledge generation and adoption to increase agricultural productivity and diversity in a sustainable m

anner

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Mujibnagar Integrated Agricultural Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

11940 11940 0 1599 1599 0 5705 5705 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARC

National Agricultural Technology Project

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-14

16414 650 15764 4507 434 4073 13389 545 12844

IDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

BARI

Agricultural Sector Programme Support 2nd Phase (BARI Part)

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-13

110 0 110 0 0 0 110 0 110

BARI Cirtus Development Project (BARI part)

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-18

529 529 0 100 100 0 100 100 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI

Continuation and expansion of pesticide research in pesticide analytical laboratory at BARI

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-15

918 918 0 110 110 0 617 617 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI

Farm Machinery Technology Development and Dissemination

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-15 1753 1753 0 212 212 0 1511 1511 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

BARI

Improving the Research and Research infrastructure of BARI

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-16

12436 12436 0 2000 2000 0 2100 2100 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI

Integrated Agriculture Productivity Project (IAPP)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1759 226 1533 348 16 332 988 197 792

GAFSP

158

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI

Integrated Quality Horticulture Development Project (2nd phase)

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-15

4979 4979 0 1200 1200 0 4499 4499 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

532 532 0 104 104 0 418 418 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BARI Orange Development Project

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

131 131 0 0 0 0 128 128 0

Ongoing

BARI

Pirojpur-Gopalgonj-Bagherhat Integrated Agriculture Development Project (BARI part)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

324 324 0 100 100 0 383 383 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI Tuber Crop Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-14

3055 3055 0 550 550 0 2610 2610 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI

Upgrading of Pulses Research Sub-Station, Madaripur to Regional Pulses Research station (RPRS)

Completed

Jan-11

Jun-14

1816 1816 0 439 439 0 1774 1774 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BFRI


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1139 62 1076 372 0 372 805 73 732

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BINA

Strengthening Research Activities and Sub-Stations Development of BINA

Ongoing

May-10

Jun-15

12775 12775 0 3184 3184 0 11973 11973 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BJRI

Basic & Applied Research on Jute (1st revised)

Ongoing

Sep-10

Aug-18

7136 7136 0 301 301 0 5038 5038 0

159

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BLRI

Strengthening research and on farm trial programs of BLRI regional stations

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-14

1252 1252 0 146 146 0 1251 1251 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

BRRI

Biotechnology Research Facility Development at BRRI project

Completed

Jul-11

Jun-13

609 609 0 0 0 0 594 594 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRRI

Development of Research capacity of BRRI

Completed

Jan-12

Dec-13

2366 866 1500 16 16 0 2026 526 1500

KOICA

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRRI


Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-15

1412 1412 0 376 376 0 1366 1366 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRRI


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1644 287 1357 395 55 340 1108 260 848

GAFSP

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRRI Minimizing Rice Yield Gap

Completed

Jan-11

Jun-14 260 260 0 32 32 0 260 260 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRRI


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

756 756 0 208 208 0 445 445 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

BRRI

Perojpur-Goplganj-Bagerhat Integrated Agriculture Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

415 415 0 125 125 0 153 153 0

160

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BRRI

Research and Development of Hybrid Rice in Bangladesh

Completed

Jul-05

Jun-11

297 297 0 0 0 0 275 275 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BRRI

Strengthening and Capacity Building of Biotechnology Laboratory in BRRI

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-13

534 534 0 0 0 0 501 501 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BSRI

Pilot project for Date palm,Palmyra Palm and Golpata Development Pilot Project

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-14

862 862 0 208 208 0 741 741 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BSRI

Pilot project for development of sugarbeet cultivation technologies in Bangladesh

Completed

Jul-11

Jun-14

345 345 0 122 122 0 320 320 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BSRI

Strengthening of Biotechnology of Sugarcane Research Institute

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-14

884 884 0 100 100 0 809 809 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DAE

Construction of KRISHIBID Institution, Bangladesh Complex (KIB)

Completed

Mar-10

Jun-14 10264 10264 0 4469 4469 0 10100 10100 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAE

Modernization and capacity upgrading project for national agricultural training institute (NATA- former SERDI)

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-12

429 429 0 0 0 0 368 368 0

Ongoing

DAE

Pirojpur Gopalganj Bagerhat integrated agricultural development project (PCU)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

228 228 0 129 129 0 144 144 0

161

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





DAE

Strengthening Mushroom Development and strengthening mushroom breeding and post harvest laboratory Project

Completed

Jan-12

Jun-14

133 0 133 133 0 133 133 0 133

FAO

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Upgradation of Aaraihajar Horticulture Center to training institute 2nd revised

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-14

2420 2420 0 1593 1593 0 2114 2114 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Establishment of fisheries diploma institute in Gopalgonj, Kishoreganj

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

9846 9846 0 2400 2400 0 3849 3849 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

KGF

National Agricultural Technology Project (KGF)

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-14

5200 144 5056 1121 11 1111 3988 90 3898

IDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

MO

A

National Agricultural Technology Project (PCU)

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-14

4467 351 4116 666 0 665 2902 139 2763

IDA

SRDI

Integrated Agricultural Development project in Pirojpur, Gopalgonj, Bagerhat (IADP-PGB) SRDI part

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

819 819 0 328 328 0 328 328 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

SRDI Minimizing Rice Yield Gap

Completed

Jan-11

Dec-14 93 93 0 8 8 0 88 88 0

1.2: Improve extension services to

propagate knowledge &

practices, supported by com

munity-based

experimentation &

learning and indigenous know

ledge

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

AIS Agriculture Sector Programme Support

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-11

98 4 94 0 0 0 0 0 0

DANIDA

162

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

AIS

Intensification of agriculture information service in 10 agriculture regions

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-15

1180 1180 0 303 303 0 825 825 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

AIS

Promotion of Digital Krishi and Livelihood Improvement through Agriculture & communication Center

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-15

1880 1880 0 353 353 0 849 849 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Chittagong Hill Tracts Integrated Agricultural Development Project (Phase III)

Completed

Jul-11

Jun-14

1452 1452 0 659 659 0 1378 1378 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Greater Bogra-Rangpur-Dinajpur Integrated Agricultural Development Project ( Phase II)

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14

1952 1952 0 349 349 0 1947 1947 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Greater Khulna-Jessore-Kushtia Integrated Agricultural Development Project ( Phase II)

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14

2188 2188 0 224 224 0 2172 2172 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Greater Mymensingh-Tangail Agricultural Development Project-2nd Phase

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14 2039 2039 0 210 210 0 1981 1981 0

BADC

Improving surface water irrigation in coastal areas and Sylhet Division in Bangladesh

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-14

469 106 362 466 104 362 466 104 362

FAO

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC


Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-15

4024 4024 0 441 441 0 2687 2687 0

163

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





BADC

Pirojpur-Gopalgonj-Bagerhat Integrated Agricultural Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

8376 8376 0 1029 1029 0 1029 1029 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Tuber Crop Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-14

23292 23292 0 1848 1848 0 12095 12095 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DAE

Agriculture Sector Programme Support (1st revised) Agricultural Extension Component (AEC) under ASPS-II

Completed

Oct-06

Jun-13

5702 801 4901 0 0 0 5675 801 4874

DANIDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Construction of Rubber Dams in Small & medium River for Increasing Food Production

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-16

938 938 0 203 203 0 647 647 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAE

Enhancement of Crops Production through Farm Mechanization

Completed

Jan-10

Jun-12

14903 14903 0 0 0 0 13256 13256 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DAE


Completed

Jul-10

Jun-15 514 514 0 135 135 0 413 413 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Farmer’s Training at Upazila level for Transfer of Technology (2nd Phase)

Ongoing

Jan-11

Dec-17

11074 11074 0 4949 4949 0 8835 8835 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAE

Greater Rangpur Agriculture & Rural Development (DAE-LGED)

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-13

1165 78 1087 0 0 0 722 17 705

IDA

164

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAE

Improvement of ATI( quality development project) in Sherpur, Gaibandha, and Khulna (doulatpur)

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-12

1410 1410 0 0 0 0 1375 1375 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

DAE

Increase production and creation of employment for rural people through engineering technology expansion

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-11

625 625 0 0 0 0 605 605 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DAE

Integrated agricultural development project of East region

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-16

1419 1419 0 774 774 0 794 794 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Integrated Agricultural Extension Approach for poverty Reduction and Food Security Project (IAPRFP)

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-14

1500 1500 0 274 274 0 1499 1499 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

8789 3938 4852 3397 1797 1600 6257 3009 3248

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DAE

Integrated Pest Management (2nd phase, 1st revised)

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-13 2189 2189 0 0 0 0 2184 2184 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE


Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-15

7143 7143 0 2582 2582 0 6745 6745 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Minimizing Rice Yield Gap Project (1st revised)

Ongoing

Jan-11

Dec-14

2068 2068 0 403 403 0 2066 2066 0

165

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Mujibnagar integrated Agriculture Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

3062 3062 0 350 350 0 1187 1187 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

National Agricultural Technology Project, Phase I, 2nd revised

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-14

12362 2276 10086 3397 1797 1600 11805 2276 9529

IDA

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

DAE Orange Development Project

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

552 552 0 0 0 0 490 490 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DAE

Pirojpur Gopalganj Bagerhat integrated agricultural development project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

1936 1936 0 247 247 0 276 276 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DAE

Strengthening Mushroom Development Project

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-13

3405 3405 0 0 0 0 2943 2943 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAE

Support to Assist Landless, Marginal and Small Farmers to Overcome Soaring Input and Food Prices in Impoverished Areas of Bangladesh

Completed

Jan-10

Aug-11 320 0 320 0 0 0 320 0 320

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Tuber Crop Development Project 2nd revised

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-14

837 837 0 150 150 0 776 776 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAM

Integrated Quality Horticulture (standard garden) Development Project (2nd phase)

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-15

2244 2244 0 223 223 0 2161 2161 0

166

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

DAM


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

679 679 0 371 371 0 775 775 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DAM

Pirojpur Gopalganj Bagerhat integrated agricultural development project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

449 449 0 98 98 0 121 121 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Community Based Resource Management Project.

Ongoing

Jul-02

Jun-14

9122 900 8223 886 74 812 9122 899 8223

IFAD

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

MO

A


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

7668 417 7251 1060 417 643 4072 521 3551

SFDF

Project for expansion of SFDF's activities for poverty reduction

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-16

3597 3597 0 1185 1185 0 1185 1185 0

SFDF

Small Farmers Development Foundation support project

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14

2938 2938 0 2938 2938 0 2938 2938 0

1.3: Promote the developm

ent of responses to adapt

agricultural systems to clim

ate change

DAE

Agricultural support for farmers in Southwestern region - DAE part

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-18 3137 793 2344 186 51 135 186 51 135

IDB

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DDM

Construction of flood shelters in the flood prone and river erosion areas (2nd phase)

Ongoing

Jun-13

Jun-16

11785 11785 0 125 125 0 125 125 0

DDM

Strengthening of the Ministry of disaster management and relief program administration

Ongoing

Jan-13

Dec-17

12024 50 11974 87 3 84 87 3 84

IDA

167

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

DDM

Vertical Extension of Disaster Management and Relief Bhaban

Ongoing

Jul-13

Dec-15

1065 1065 0 22 22 0 22 22 0

ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DoForestry

Char Development and Settlement Project-4 (Do Forest Part)

Ongoing

Jan-11

Dec-16

2385 121 2264 353 8 345 860 45 815

Netherlands, IFAD

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DoForestry

Community based adaptation to climate change through Coastal Afforestation in Bangladesh

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-14

6797 1015 5782 1404 20 1384 3961 171 3790

UN

DP

LGED

Climate Change Adaptation Pilot Project.

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-14

2070 660 1410 2069 659 1410 2069 659 1410

DANIDA

Ongoing

LGED

Coastal Climate Resilient Infrastructure Improvement Project.

Ongoing

Jul-12

Dec-18 56709 11796 44914 4642 642 4000 4801 739 4062

IFAD, ADB, KfW

Ongoing

LGED

Feasibility Study in term of Hydrological and Morphological Study, Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Ongoing

Jan-13

Jun-14

89 89 0 89 89 0 89 89 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

WFP Assisted Enhancing Resilience to Disaster and the Effects of Climate Change Project.

Ongoing

Jan-12

Dec-16

72552 37003 35549 13430 9934 3496 32307 20264 12043

WFP

168

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

MoA

Integrated Environmental Friendly Project for Hill Tracts

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-15

1451 1451 0 0 0 0 600 600 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

MoDM

R

Procurement of saline water treatment plant

Ongoing

Apr-13

Mar-16

14162 3197 10965 89 30 59 89 30 59

Jicks

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoEF

Climate change Capacity building and knowledge management - a technical assistance grant project

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-14

454 83 371 315 0 315 325 0 325

ADB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoEF

Supporting Implementation of the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy & Action Plan – a technical assistance grant project BCCSP

Ongoing

Jul-09

Dec-14

1724 0 1724 150 0 150 572 0 572

ADB

2: Improved w

ater managem

ent

2.1: Improve w

ater managem

ent in water

distribution systems and at farm

level

Pipeline

Ongoing

BADC

Eastern Integrated Irrigated Area Development Project

Ongoing

Jan-13

Jun-17

5659 5659 0 1995 1995 0 2364 2364 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Enhancing Agricultural Production and Poverty Alleviation by introducing Force mode Tubewell Irrigation

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-14

2683 2683 0 115 115 0 2683 2683 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Integrated Agriculture Productivity Project (BADC- seed and water management component)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

8298 3971 4327 2535 805 1729 4875 1662 3213

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Pabna-Natore- Sirajgang Irrigation Area Development Project (3rd Phase)

Ongoing

Mar-11

Jun-15

16636 16636 0 2294 2294 0 7293 7293 0

169

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BADC

Pilot Project for Agricultural Production In Monga Prone Area Through Modern Minor Irrigation Practices (BADC part)

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-11

688 688 0 0 0 0 625 625 0

BADC

Project for irrigation expansion in poverty prone areas under Greater Rangpur district through modern minor irrigation practices

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-16

2565 2565 0 197 197 0 197 197 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Survey and Monitoring Project for Development of Minor Irrigation (3rd Phase)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-14

2398 2398 0 788 788 0 2354 2354 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BMDA

Activating Inoperable Deep Tube wells for Irrigation

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-14

12179 12179 0 0 0 0 10950 10950 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BMDA

Barind Integrated Area Development Project (Phase-III)

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-12

10660 10660 0 0 0 0 10657 10657 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

BMDA

Command Area Development & Training Project (2nd Phase)

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-13 9154 9154 0 0 0 0 9124 9124 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BMDA

Command Area extension and Development

Completed

Jan-10

Jun-13

5125 5125 0 0 0 0 5074 5074 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BMDA

Deep Tubewell Installation Project phase II

Ongoing

Jan-10

Dec-16

19254 19254 0 2999 2999 0 13814 13814 0

170

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BMDA

Panchagarh,Thakurgaon, Dinajpur and Joypurhat Integrated Agricultural Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-16

22571 22571 0 4000 4000 0 8665 8665 0

BMDA

Smart Card Based Pre-paid Pump Usage and Energy Measuring (PPUEM) System

Ongoing

Mar-14

Jun-16

1090 1090 0 399 399 0 399 399 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

BRDB

Irrigation expansion programme

Ongoing

Jan-13

Dec-15

1650 1650 0 221 221 0 284 284 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BWDB

IPSWAM – Integrated planning for sustainable water management

Completed

Jul-99

Jun-11

1582 443 1139 0 0 0 1140 353 787

Netherlands

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

development of Small Scale Water Resources Project in Greater Mymensingh, Sylhet and Faridpur Areas

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-15

48756 12643 36114 10997 2297 8700 31446 7088 24358

JBIC

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Participatory Small Scale Water Resources Sector Project

Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-17

56202 12857 43345 7493 1993 5500 22577 6904 15673

ADB, IFAD 2.2: Improve &

increase efficiency of surface w

ater irrigation, in particular in the south

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Activating Inoperable Deep Tube wells for Irrigation

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-15

17086 17086 0 1846 1846 0 9601 9601 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Asuganj-Polash Agro Irrigation (4th Phase)

Completed

Jan-09

Jun-14

1784 1784 0 196 196 0 1684 1684 0

171

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Construction of Rubber Dams in Small & medium River for Increasing Food Production

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-16

4884 4884 0 1336 1336 0 3135 3135 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Expansion of Irrigation Through Utilization of Surface Water by Double Lifting ( 2nd Phase)

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14

8272 8272 0 2360 2360 0 8264 8264 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Greater Dhaka Irrigation Development Project-2nd Phase

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-14

9931 9931 0 2000 2000 0 9080 9080 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Greater Faridpur Irrigation Area Development project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

8969 8969 0 1995 1995 0 7323 7323 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Innovative Use of Surface Water Project (2nd Phase)

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14

1672 1672 0 224 224 0 1640 1640 0

BFDC

Multi-chennel snipway construction project

Ongoing

Jan-09

Jun-15 2789 2789 0 1605 1605 0 1605 1605 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BMDA

Barind Rain Water Conservation and Irrigation Project (PhaseII)

Ongoing

Mar-11

Jun-17

16346 16346 0 3000 3000 0 6000 6000 0

BMDA

Irrigation Programme Through Surface Water Augmentation

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-16

2745 2745 0 399 399 0 399 399 0

172

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





BMDA

Rehabilitation of old deep tube wells in Rajshahi, Naogaon and chapai Nawabgonj district

Ongoing

Feb-14

Dec-17

27819 27819 0 247 247 0 247 247 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Area integrated Water Resources Management Project Southwest

Ongoing

Jul-05

Jun-14

25546 4738 20809 5003 783 4220 21994 3618 18376

ADB, Netherlands

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BWDB

Dhepa river left bank flood control, drainage and irrigation project

Completed

Aug-10

Jun-12

2286 2286 0 0 0 0 1551 1551 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BWDB

Dhepa-Punarbhaba Water Management under Biral Upazila in Dinajpur District

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-12

1692 1692 0 0 0 0 1393 1393 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Gazner Bill Link River Excavation, Development of Irrigation Facilities and fish cultivation project at Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District (BWDB part)

Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-16 30545 30545 0 500 500 0 5609 5609 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

BWDB

Kurigram Irrigation Project ( South Unit) Com

pleted

Jul-06

Jun-12

19480 19480 0 0 0 0 225 225 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

BWDB

Kurigram Irrigation Project (North Unit)

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

9537 9537 0 0 0 0 10 10 0

173

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Matamuhuri Irrigation Project

Completed

Jul-05

Jun-13

850 850 0 0 0 0 847 847 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BWDB

Muhuri-Kahua Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation Project

Completed

Jul-04

Jun-12

10688 10688 0 0 0 0 9378 9378 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Pre-monsoon Flood Protection and Drainage Improvement in Haor Areas

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

68494 68494 0 2400 2400 0 5630 5630 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Surma Right Bank Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation Project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-14

4728 4728 0 1800 1800 0 2796 2796 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Tarail Pachuria Flood control, Drainage and Irrigation Project

Ongoing

Mar-10

Jun-14

28045 28045 0 2868 2868 0 10525 10525 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Teesta Barrage Project,2nd Phase

Ongoing

Jul-03

Jun-15

22549 22549 0 4663 4663 0 11641 11641 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Water Management Improvement Project (special revised)

Ongoing

Jul-04

Dec-15

85588 8086 77502 20798 428 20371 54953 3321 51632

IDA, Netherlands

174

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DAE

Re-excavation of connecting rivers, Development of irrigation facilities and Fish culture project of Gazner Beel area and Sujanagar Upazila in Pabna District

Completed

Jan-10

Mar-14

460 460 0 140 140 0 459 459 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DLS


Completed

Mar-10

Jun-14

165 165 0 0 0 0 152 152 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish


Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-14

491 491 0 35 35 0 328 328 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DoForestry


Completed

Jan-10

Jun-13

85 85 0 0 0 0 85 85 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Construction of Rubber Dams in Small & Medium Rivers for increasing Food Production (LGED)

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14

23654 23654 0 2984 2984 0 15704 15704 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED


Ongoing

Jul-05

Jun-14

3544 3544 0 26 26 0 3507 3507 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDA

Action research on integrated water management

Ongoing

Jan-11

Dec-14

6425 6425 0 1328 1328 0 3612 3612 0

175

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDA

Action research project on command area development using surface water for rural livelihood improvement by replacing RDA technology

Ongoing

Jul-07

Jun-14

1929 1929 0 300 300 0 870 870 0

2.3: Reduce impact of

saline water intrusion

in the South

BWDB

Coastal embankment improvement project Phase I (CEIP I) in Satkhira, Khulna, bagerhat, Pirojpur, Barguna, and Patuakhali District

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-20

93641 0 93641 502 0 502 502 0 502

IDA

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Rehabilitation of BWDB Coastal Infrastructures damaged by Alia (South Western Zone)

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-15

37755 37755 0 8418 8418 0 28569 28569 0

2.4: Enhance river water flow

to the South

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Buriganga River Restoration Project (New Dhaleswari-Pungli-Bongshai-Turag-Buriganga river system)

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-14

94409 94409 0 2913 2913 0 9338 9338 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Capital (pilot) Dredging Of River Systems in Bangladesh

Ongoing

Mar-10

Jun-15

102712 102712 0 30960 30960 0 71533 71533 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Excavation of Chandna-Barasia River

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-14

5946 5946 0 968 968 0 4505 4505 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Ganges Barrage project

Ongoing

Jul-05

Jun-14

3514 3514 0 592 592 0 3334 3334 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BWDB

Feasibility Study and Survey of Surashar FCDI project

Completed

May-10

Jun-12

156 156 0 0 0 0 141 141 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Gorai River Restoration Project

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-14

92930 92930 0 2998 2998 0 49179 49179 0

176

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Kalni-Kushiara River Management

Ongoing

Apr-11

Jun-14

60983 60983 0 1500 1500 0 2503 2503 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Procurement of 6 number of Ancillary Crafts and Accessories for MoWR and MoShipping - BWDB part

Ongoing

Aug-10

Jun-15

10426 2652 7774 2287 45 2242 2287 45 2242

India

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Procurement of dredgers and relevant machine tools for dredging river of Bangladesh

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-14

130988 130988 0 12859 12859 0 19787 19787 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BWDB

Re-excavation of Bemelia, Lagan Balbhadra river under Nasirnagar upazila in Brahmanbaria and Habiganj District

Ongoing

Nov-10

Jun-15

4242 4242 0 248 248 0 640 640 0

3: Improved quality of input and soil fertility

3.1: Enhance availability of agricultural inputs, tested and certified for quality of diversified crops

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Development and multiplication of agricultural seeds (Phase II)

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-13

551 551 0 0 0 0 407 407 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Enhancing quality seed supply project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

18617 4502 14114 3614 1000 2614 5636 1600 4036

IDB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Improvement and quality seed production of rice, wheat and maize

Completed

Mar-09

Jun-14

18671 18671 0 2125 2125 0 18668 18668 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BADC

Modernization Facilities to increase Supply of Quality Seed

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-10

3549 3549 0 0 0 0 3540 3540 0

177

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Private sector seed development

Completed

Jan-11

Jun-14

1889 1889 0 859 859 0 1887 1887 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Pulse and Oils Seed (2nd Phase)

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-14

8573 8573 0 2624 2624 0 8572 8572 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI Enhancing Quality Seed Supply

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

4965 1154 3811 1313 310 1003 1933 585 1348

IDB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BCIC

Restoring original rated production capacity by repairing of Polash Urea Fertilizer Factory Ltd.

Completed

Jan-08

Jul-11

3533 3533 0 0 0 0 3403 3403 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BCIC

Second phase rehabilitation of Natural Gas Fertilizer Factory Ltd

Completed

Jul-06

Dec-11

5157 5157 0 0 0 0 4720 4720 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BCIC Shahjalal fertilizer project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15 540900 142292 39860

8 20207

9 23000 179080

392838 35179 35765

9

China

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

BCIC

Sustaining the original rated production capacity by repairing Ashuganj Fertilizer and Chemical Complex Ltd.

Completed

Jul-06

Jul-12

41702 41702 0 0 0 0 9414 9414 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BMDA

Improved Quality Seed Production at Farmers Level

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

553 553 0 0 0 0 52 52 0

178

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRRI Enhancing Quality Seed Supply (BRRI)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

4746 350 4396 1978 90 1888 2158 232 1926

IDB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BRRI

Strengthening of Rice Breeder Seed Production & Maintenance of Nucleus Stock

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-13

776 776 0 0 0 0 757 757 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery & Restoration Project: Recovery of Agriculture Sector (Crops) & Improvement (1st revised)

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-14

10960 0 10960 3686 0 3686 10898 0 10898

World Bank

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAE

Production, Preservation, Distribution of Quality Rice, Wheat and Jute Seeds at Farmers Level

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-12

5312 5312 0 0 0 0 5235 5235 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAE

Production, preservation, Distribution of Quality Seeds of Pulse, Oil, and Onion at Farmers Level

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-12

1942 1942 0 0 0 0 1866 1866 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE Second Crop Diversification Project

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-16 29138 6246 22892 4999 2248 2751 8326 3758 4568

ADB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

MO

A

Agriculture Sector Programme Support (Seed Wing)

Completed

Sep-07

Jun-13

537 0 537 0 0 0 521 0 521

DANIDA

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

SCA


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

480 216 264 156 91 65 394 197 197

179

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





3.2: Develop public private partnerships through capacity developm

ent

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Establishing seed augmentation (multiplication) farm in the South West Coastal region

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-14

24497 24497 0 3020 3020 0 9005 9005 0

BADC

Establishing Seed Processing Center and Enhancing Seed multiplication farm at Subarnachar in Noakhali

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-15

3400 3400 0 10 10 0 10 10 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BADC

Kurigram Integrated seed cold storage establishment project

Completed

Jul-11

Jun-14

3604 3604 0 2147 2147 0 3563 3563 0

BADC

Maintenance and rehabilitaion of existing fertilizer storage and strengthening fertilizer management

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-18

5369 5369 0 200 200 0 200 200 0

BADC

Support for establishing seed multiplication, seed processing and seed testing in Dashmina Seed Multiplication Centre

Completed

Jul-13

Jun-14

215 0 215 215 0 215 215 0 215

3.3: Improve and increase sustainability

of soil fertility managem

ent

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

DAE

Granular Urea Technology Extension Project in 80 additional Upazilas

Completed

Sep-08

Jun-11 501 0 501 0 0 0 500 0 500

USDA

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

DoE

Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project (CWBMP)

Completed

Apr-02

Jun-11

1082 225 858 0 0 0 805 24 781

GEF, UNDP

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DoE Sustainable Land Management Project

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-12

699 237 462 0 0 0 654 235 419

180

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

SRDI

Establishment of soil and fertilizer testing laboratories and research centres

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-15

3115 3115 0 1136 1136 0 1276 1276 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

SRDI

Food Security Programme 2006, Soil Fertility Component

Ongoing

Jan-08

Jun-14

7609 445 7164 0 0 0 5841 116 5726

EC

Pipeline

Ongoing

SRDI

Human resource development of SRDI, DAE & AIS for judicious and profitable use of land and soil resources,

Ongoing

Jun-11

Dec-14

691 691 0 410 410 0 572 572 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

SRDI

Soil Resource Management and Farmers Service Project (SMFS)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-15

2000 2000 0 947 947 0 1206 1206 0

4: Fisheries and aquaculture Development

4.1: Develop small scale aquaculture, through access to

quality inputs, advice and skills

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI

Improvement and quality seed production of rice, wheat and maize

Completed

Mar-09

Jun-14

3732 3732 0 444 444 0 3519 3519 0

Ongoing

BFDC

Establishment of fish landing centers with ancillary facilities in 3 coastal districts at 4 selected areas

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-16

2998 2998 0 500 500 0 580 580 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BFRI

Impact of Aquaculture Drugs and Chemicals on Aquatic Ecology

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-14 1570 1570 0 488 488 0 1157 1157 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Expansion of Aquaculture Technology Services up to Union Level

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-14

2476 2476 0 520 520 0 2454 2454 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Fish production, conservation and strengthening management at Kaptai Lake (component B)

Ongoing

Oct-11

Dec-14

337 337 0 39 39 0 305 305 0

181

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

DOFish

Infrastructure Development for Flood Plain Aquaculture in Comilla District

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

530 530 0 0 0 0 114 114 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

3602 281 3321 1112 17 1095 2170 140 2029

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Rehabilitation and development of fisheries infrastructure to increase production of quality fish seed and fingerlings

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-15

12849 12849 0 1799 1799 0 3030 3030 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Restoration of Natural Breeding Habits of the Halda River

Ongoing

Jul-06

Jun-14

1030 1030 0 151 151 0 912 912 0

4.2: Improve m

anagement of fisheries resources

Ongoing

Ongoing

BFDC

Fish Production Conservation and Strengthening Management at Kaptai Lake (BFDC Part)

Ongoing

Oct-11

Dec-14

1707 1707 0 500 500 0 1130 1130 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

BFRI

Development and Dissemination of Pearl Culture Technology

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

741 741 0 218 218 0 248 248 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BFRI

Fish production, conservation and strengthening management at Kaptai Lake

Ongoing

Oct-11

Dec-14

486 486 0 134 134 0 382 382 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BFRI

Jatka Conservation, Alternate Income Generation for the Jatka Fishers and Research Project (BFRI part)

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-15

409 409 0 77 77 0 351 351 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BFRI

Support to Sustainable Development of the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME)

Ongoing

Sep-05

Jun-14

432 432 0 173 173 0 364 364 0

182

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Aquaculture and Fisheries Management in Bhabodha Area, Jessore

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-14

948 948 0 275 275 0 877 877 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Aquaculture and fisheries management project in haor area

Ongoing

Oct-10

Jun-16

3077 3077 0 500 500 0 1459 1459 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DOFish

Aquaculture development and fisheries extension project in CHT (3rd phase)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

4106 4106 0 900 900 0 925 925 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Bangladesh marine fisheries capacity building project

Ongoing

Jul-07

Jun-17

12789 6023 6766 1859 255 1604 2367 524 1843

IDB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DOFish

Brood Bank Establishment Project

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-13

572 572 0 0 0 0 567 567 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Emergency 2007 (Sidr) Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP)

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-14

5395 0 5395 3091 0 3091 5683 0 5683

World Bank

DOFish

Establishment of beel nursery and fingerling stocking in inland open waters

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-16

7865 7865 0 5 5 0 5 5 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Fisheries development and management of identified degraded water bodies and conservation of small indigenous fishes

Ongoing

Apr-10

Jun-14

3942 3942 0 572 572 0 3942 3942 0

ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Fisheries registration and issuing of identity card project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-16

6335 6335 0 1963 1963 0 3049 3049 0

183

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Greater Faridpur Fisheries Development Project

Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-14

7531 7531 0 749 749 0 5187 5187 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Greater Pabna fisheries development project

Ongoing

Jun-09

Dec-14

871 871 0 190 190 0 871 871 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Hura Sagor Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

1880 1880 0 559 559 0 809 809 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Jatka Conservation Alternate Income Generation for the Jatka Fishers and Research Project (DoF part)

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-15

3692 3692 0 264 264 0 1890 1890 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

National Agricultural Technology Development Project (Fisheries Component)

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-14

4397 1442 2955 525 379 146 4192 1296 2896

IDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DOFish

Regional Fisheries and Livestock Development Project (Barisal Component) Barisal

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-13

7217 495 6722 0 0 0 6295 490 5805

DANIDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Wetland biodiversity rehabilitation project

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-15 7236 300 6936 1455 39 1416 4860 268 4592

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Faridpur district rural infrastructure Development Project (Phase I)

Ongoing

Jan-09

Jun-15

76344 76344 0 14000 14000 0 41949 41949 0

184

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





MarineFisheries

Academy

Development and Strengthening of MFAs

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

4005 4005 0 1144 1144 0 1144 1144 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

MoEF

Community based sustainable management of Tanguar Haor Phase - III

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-15

1656 131 1525 476 0 476 961 0 961

SDC

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoFL

Integrated fisheries and livestock development project in flood control and command area (drainage and irrigation project area) and other water bodies (4th phase)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-14

11488 11488 0 1146 1146 0 5760 5760 0

4.4: Promote production in the

South through sustainable shrim

p and prawn developm

ent and com

munity based co

managem

ent of wetlands

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BFRI

Infrastructural Development and Research Strengthening of Fisheries Research Institute Bagerhat

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-14

3943 3943 0 983 983 0 3025 3025 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DOFish

Fresh water prawn culture extension project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

3647 3647 0 427 427 0 461 461 0

5: Livestock development

5.1: Strengthen animal health

services, including better diagnosis and surveillance

systems to m

itigate disease outbreaks

Ongoing

Ongoing

BLRI

Foot and mouth disease and PPR research in Bangladesh

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

607 607 0 0 0 0 548 548 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DLS

Avian Influenza Preparedness & Response Project

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-13

9019 937 8082 0 0 0 6731 -229 6960

World Bank, IDA

185

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS

Establishment of Upazila Livestock Development Centre (3rd Phase)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

6472 6472 0 1698 1698 0 2226 2226 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS

Modernization of Vaccine Production Technology & Extension of Laboratory Facilities Project

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-14

3974 3974 0 832 832 0 3627 3627 0

DLS

Strengthening national capacity to respond highly pathogenic Avian Influenza and Emerging and reemerging disease control project

Ongoing

Oct-12

Sep-14

1626 0 1626 1125 0 1125 1125 0 1125

USAID

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS

Strengthening of Support of combating Avian Influenza (HPA1) in Bangladesh Project

Completed

Jan-08

Nov-13

2315 91 2224 121 0 121 2218 0 2218

USAID

5.2: Strengthen husbandry capacity at household level through com

munity based im

proved knowledge and

advisory services

Ongoing

BLRI

Conservation and improvement of native sheep through community farming and commercial farming project (component A) (2nd phase)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

880 880 0 295 295 0 416 416 0

Ongoing

DLS

Conservation & Improvement of Native Sheep Through Community Farming & Commercial Farming Project (component A) 2nd phase

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17 1723 1723 0 410 410 0 588 588 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

DLS

Conservation and improvement of native sheep through community farming system (component A)

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

84 84 0 0 0 0 82 82 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS

Emergency 2007 (Sidr) Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP)

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-14

6014 0 6014 3562 0 3562 6307 0 6307

World Bank

186

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

2597 43 2554 901 8 894 1791 34 1757

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS

Support Service for Small holder Dairy and Poultry Farmers at 22 Selected Districts

Ongoing

Oct-10

Jun-15

1715 1715 0 205 205 0 1547 1547 0

5.3: Improve availability

and quality of inputs through public private

partnerships

Ongoing

BLRI

Fodder research and development project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Dec-17

1516 1516 0 292 292 0 306 306 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Milk Vita

Establishment of Cattle Feed Plant for Enhancing Milk Production

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-14

2728 2728 0 825 825 0 1903 1903 0

5.4: Research on livestock development,

including genetic improvem

ent

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BLRI Buffalo Development Project

Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-14

1770 1770 0 404 404 0 1256 1256 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS

Artificial Insemination & Embryo Transfer Technology Project

Completed

Jan-09

Jun-14 5074 5074 0 761 761 0 4669 4669 0

DLS Beef Cattle development project O

ngoing

Jul-13

Jun-16

1703 1703 0 189 189 0 189 189 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

DLS

Breed Upgradation Through Progeny Test Project phase II

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-13

932 932 0 0 0 0 932 932 0

187

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS Buffalo Development Project

Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-14

1925 1925 0 267 267 0 1634 1634 0

Ongoing

DLS

Establishment of national institute of livestock and poultry management and disease diagnostic laboratory

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-15

2785 2785 0 137 137 0 187 187 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS

Establishment of Regional duck breading farm along with hatchery (3rd phase)

Ongoing

Oct-11

Jun-15

16328 16328 0 2620 2620 0 4219 4219 0

DLS

Establishment of Sirajgonj Govt. Veterinery college

Ongoing

Jan-13

Dec-15

4509 4509 0 683 683 0 683 683 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DLS National Agricultural Technology Project

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-14

5839 359 5480 346 110 236 5584 262 5322

IDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DLS

Regional Fisheries and Livestock Development Project (Noakhali Component)

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-13

7977 1045 6932 0 0 0 7878 901 6977

DANIDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DLS

Second Participatory Livestock Development Project

Completed

Jul-04

Dec-11

2045 1052 993 0 0 0 1646 1047 599

ADB

Milk Vita

Establishment of Buffalo Breading Station for Enhancing Milk Production

Ongoing

Jul-13

Dec-15

1322 1322 0 90 90 0 90 90 0

188

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





6: Improved access to m

arkets

6.1: Improve physical access to m

arkets, facilities and information

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

AIS

Enhancement of Rural Communication service through community Radio for Development of Agriculture

Completed

Jul-10

Dec-12

401 82 319 115 49 66 399 80 319

FAO

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BMDA

Marketing of Agricultural Products through Development of Rural Communication Project

Ongoing

Oct-10

Jun-16

26145 26145 0 5499 5499 0 11099 11099 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DDM

Construction of bridge/culvert (up to 12 m long) on the rural roads at Chittagong Hill Tracts region

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-13

13250 13250 0 0 0 0 9505 9505 0

DDM

Construction of bridge/culvert (up to 12 m long) on the rural roads at Chittagong Hill Tracts region (2nd phase)

Ongoing

Jan-14

Dec-16

6601 6601 0 2653 2653 0 2653 2653 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DDM

Construction of multipurpose cyclone shelter in the coastal belt of Bangladesh

Ongoing

Mar-11

Dec-14

19979 19979 0 9948 9948 0 10632 10632 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DDM

Construction of small bridge/culvert (up to 12 m long) on the rural roads (3rd phase)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-15

75050 75050 0 35622 35622 0 49605 49605 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Agriculture Sector Programme Support (ASPS) Phase-II Rural Road & Market Access Infrastructure Development Project (3) Patuakhali, Borguna, Noakhali,Laxmipur

Ongoing

Jul-06

Jun-14

23711 14625 9086 4028 4028 0 23699 14615 9084

DANIDA

LGED

Barisal Division Infrastructure Development Project.

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-17

31878 31878 0 196 196 0 196 196 0

189

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

LGED

Construction and Reconstruction of Rural Road, Bridges and Culverts in Rural areas on Priority Basis

Completed

Jan-09

Jan-11

7771 7771 0 0 0 0 7745 7745 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Construction of two bridges on the river Brahmaputra under Islampur Upazila of Jamalpur District

Ongoing

Aug-10

Jun-16

17401 17401 0 3496 3496 0 3683 3683 0

Ongoing

LGED

Development of Important Rural Infrastructure Project .

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-16

47362 47362 0 6970 6970 0 9736 9736 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

LGED

Development of Integrated Infrastructure Project

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

2666 450 2217 58 41 17 2675 450 2226

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Development of Rural Communication and other infrastructure of the Greater Rangpur and Dinajpur District

Ongoing

Apr-10

Jun-15

55592 55592 0 7630 7630 0 20929 20929 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Emergency 2007 Cyclone Recovery and Restoration Project (ECRRP)

Ongoing

Aug-08

Jun-14 89530 372 89158 28643 68 2857

5 75788 240 75548

World Bank

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

LGED

Feasibility study for construction of 500m bridge on the Dhakeshari River at Nagarpur Upazila in Tangail and construction of 500m long grider bridge on Andharmanik river at Kolapara upazila in Patuakhali District

Completed

Sep-10

Dec-11

88 88 0 0 0 0 67 67 0

190

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Barisal District and Rural Communication ad Hat Bazaar infrastructure development (Barisal, Pirojpur, Bhola and Jhalkati)

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-16

38442 38442 0 6991 6991 0 22520 22520 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Comilla rural infrastructure development (2nd Phase)

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-15

19732 19732 0 5494 5494 0 13587 13587 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Faridpur rural infrastructure development (2nd Phase)

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-15

69300 69300 0 17580 17580 0 31566 31566 0

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Jessore District Infrastructure Development Project. (Jessore, Jhenaida, Magura & Narail districts).

Ongoing

Mar-11

Jun-15

39850 39850 0 3500 3500 0 7096 7096 0

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Kushtia District Infrastructure Development Project: (Kushtia, Chuadanga & Meherpur District).

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-16

26452 26452 0 2998 2998 0 4268 4268 0

LGED

Greater Noakhali Rural Infrastructure Development Project (Part-II).

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-18

17990 17990 0 180 180 0 180 180 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Noakhali Rural Infrastructure Development Project.

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-15 30314 30314 0 6000 6000 0 26866 26866 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Greater Rajshahi Division Integrated Rural Development Project (Rajshahi, Natore, Naogaon, Chapai Nowabgonj).

Ongoing

Jul-06

Jun-15

20876 6958 13919 3734 1382 2352 20111 6541 13570

IDB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

LGED

Greater Rangpur Agriculture & Rural Development (DAE-LGED)

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-13

505 182 322 0 0 0 182 15 167

IDB

191

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Market Infrastructure Development Project in Charland Regions

Completed

Feb-06

Jun-13

20767 6885 13882 0 0 0 20559 6885 13674

Netherlands,

IFAD

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Project for Improvement of Rural Road, Hat-Bazaar Infrastructures on Priority Basis.

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-15

52500 52500 0 7546 7546 0 36235 36235 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rehabilitation of Aila affected rural infrastructure

Ongoing

Jan-11

Jun-15

15100 15100 0 3500 3500 0 8197 8197 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

LGED

Rural Development Project: Infrastructure Development-26 (2nd Revised)

Completed

Jul-03

Jun-12

53255 18662 34592 0 0 0 52995 18544 34451

IDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development (Public priority Rural Communication and Hat-Bazaar Development & Rehabilitation) part 2

Ongoing

Jul-05

Jun-16

41878 41878 0 7485 7485 0 21671 21671 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development in Eastern Region of Bangladesh: Greater Chittagong, Noakhali and Sylhet District

Completed

Jul-04

Jun-11 9286 3505 5780 0 0 0 7552 1871 5681

JBIC

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development Project (GIDP) (2nd Revised)

Completed

Jul-02

Jun-11

6967 6967 0 0 0 0 6930 6930 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural infrastructure development project (Greater Dhaka, Tangail and Kishorganj District)

Ongoing

Mar-11

Jun-15

48495 48495 0 5995 5995 0 10271 10271 0

192

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development Project (Khulna, Bagerhat & Stakhira District)

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-16

11199 11199 0 2000 2000 0 6804 6804 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural Infrastructure Development Project : Chittagong Hill Tracts.

Completed

Jan-09

Jun-13

11486 11486 0 0 0 0 11486 11486 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural road hat bazaar infrastructure development

Ongoing

Jul-04

Jun-15

43191 43191 0 7546 7546 0 26925 26925 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural Road, Bridge/ Culvert & other Infrastructure development of backward Upazilla of North West Bangladesh (Pabna, Sirajgonj, Natore, Naogaon, Rajshahi, Nobabgonj, Bogra)

Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-15

74245 74245 0 8880 8880 0 36269 36269 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural Roads and hat/bazaar Development Project : Greater Sylhet District.

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-15

17984 17984 0 5486 5486 0 17023 17023 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

LGED

Rural Transport Improvement Project (RTIP-2)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17 200473 55544 14492

9 21324 5999 15326 24832 6998 17835

IDA

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Second Rural Infrastructure Development (RIIP-II)

Completed

Jul-07

Dec-13

99290 37535 61755 71 71 0 97731 37322 60409

ADB, DFID, GIZ, KfW

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Sustainable rural infrastructure improvement project (SRIIP)

Ongoing

Jan-11

Jun-16

61535 18428 43107 14123 3994 10129 21104 6240 14865

KfW, ADB

193

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Sylhet Division Rural Infrastructure Development Project

Ongoing

Jul-11

Dec-14

44723 44723 0 7532 7532 0 16286 16286 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Union Connecting Road & Other Infrastructure Development Project : Greater Comilla District (Comilla, Chandpur & B-Baria District) (1st Revised).

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-13

16414 16414 0 0 0 0 16310 16310 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Union Connecting Road and Infrastructure Development Project (Greater Bogra, Rajshahi & Pabna Districts).

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-13

19494 19494 0 0 0 0 19494 19494 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Union Connecting Road Infrastructure Development Project : Greater Mymensingh District.

Ongoing

May-09

Apr-15

40222 40222 0 7999 7999 0 31788 31788 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Union Infrastructure Development (Khulna, Bagerhat & Sathkhira District) Project.

Ongoing

Jul-10

Jun-14

30277 30277 0 3994 3994 0 10697 10697 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

LGED

Union infrastructure Development Project (Dinajpur, Panchagarh, Thakurgaon, Rangpur, Lalmonirhat, Kurigram, Gaibandha and Nilphamari).

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-12 7799 7799 0 0 0 0 7684 7684 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Union link Road & Infrastructure Development Project : Greater Chittagong (Chittagong & Cox's Bazar) District.

Ongoing

Mar-10

Jun-16

30185 30185 0 4997 4997 0 13966 13966 0

ongoing

ongoing

ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Union Road & Other Infrastructure Development Project : Greater Jessore & Kushtia District Project.

Ongoing

Jul-08

Jun-14

14929 14929 0 4767 4767 0 14451 14451 0

194

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

RDA

Making Markets work for the Jamuna, Padma and Testa Chars(M4C)

Ongoing

May-13

Nov-16

3809 362 3447 1491 368 1123 2486 377 2109

SDC

6.2: Mobilize and prom

ote producer & m

arketing groups for im

proved market access and know

ledge

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BFDC

Establishment of Fish Marketing Facilities in Dhaka Metropolis

Completed

Jul-08

Dec-11

409 409 0 0 0 0 261 261 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOC

Ensuring Cooperative based Milk Production

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

2496 2496 0 660 660 0 2123 2123 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

DOC

Poverty reduction and socio economic development by Expansion of Milk Producers Cooperative in greater Faridpur, Barisal and Khulna District for Reduction of Poverty

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

3924 3924 0 1196 1196 0 1406 1406 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Hortex foundation

National Agricultural Technology Project (Hortex)

Ongoing

Jul-07

Dec-14

3090 161 2929 1010 20 990 2553 105 2448

IDA

LGED

Agricultural support for farmers in Southwestern region - LGED part

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-18 2452 207 2246 19 19 0 19 19 0

IDB

6.3: Develop adequate storage, processing and value addition

and reduce waste through

public-private partnerships

Ongoing

DAE

Strengthening Bangladesh phytosanitary capabilities

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

8324 8324 0 760 760 0 1390 1390 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

DAM

Agricultural commodity storage development project

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-15

849 849 0 0 0 0 153 153 0

195

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

DAM

Promoting groups / contract marketing projects

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-15

280 280 0 0 0 0 34 34 0

LGED

Bangladesh Agriculture Infrastructure Development Project.

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-17

7125 829 6296 92 44 48 92 44 48

USAID

6.4: Promote and assist the developm

ent of off farm activities and rural

businesses

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRDB

Poverty reduction through minor crop production, preservation, processing and marketing program (2nd phase)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

4873 4873 0 1775 1775 0 2285 2285 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

BRDB

Rural livelihood project (RLP) 2nd phase

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-17

19874 19874 0 2706 2706 0 3165 3165 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Food Security through Enhanced Agriculture Production diversified sources of income value addition and marketing in Bangladesh (FSMSP)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

2604 480 2124 37 0 37 1592 290 1302

Italy

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DAM

Agribusiness Development Project in Bangladesh

Completed

Jan-06

Dec-11

40944 1274 39669 0 0 0 27005 637 26368

PPCCTF

Pipeline

Ongoing

DAM

Development of agroprocessing in homestead level

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-15

2740 2740 0 0 0 0 964 964 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

DAM

Strengthening agricultural market information development project

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-15

400 400 0 0 0 0 138 138 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDA

Integrated Rural Employment Support Project for the Poor Women(RESPPW)

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-16

10213 10213 0 2000 2000 0 3330 3330 0

196

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





7: Implem


FP and CIP actions

7.1: Strengthen capacities to im

plement, m

onitor and coordinate N

ational Food Policy-Plan of Action and CIP

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

MO

A

Strengthening the Government Institutional Capacity of MOA for Improving Food Security (Component-B)

Completed

Sep-08

Dec-10

87 11 75 0 0 0 59 3 57

ADB

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoFood

National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Program Phase-2

Ongoing

Jan-09

Sep-14

9582 78 9504 1711 0 1711 7939 0 7939

EU, U

SAID

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

MoFood

Strengthening the Government Institutional Capacity of DG Food for Improving Food Security (Component-A)

Completed

Sep-08

Dec-10

211 25 186 0 0 0 125 5 119

ADB

7.2: Strengthen national capacities for design, im

plementation and m

onitoring of CIP operations

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

MO

A


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1360 0 1360 572 0 572 666 0 666

197

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





7.3: Strengthen capacities of civil society organisations to contribute to CIP developm

ent and implem

entation

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

MO

A


Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

453 0 453 187 0 187 222 0 222

8: Enhanced Public Food Managem

ent Systems

8.3: Increase and modernize public storage and

handling facilities, including in disaster prone areas

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoFood

Bangladesh Modernized Food Storage Study Project (BMSFP)

Completed

Feb-12

Sep-13

840 0 840 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoFood

Construction of 0.84 lakh MT Capacity Food Godown at Halishar CSD campus

Completed

Jul-10

Mar-14

23797 23797 0 7142 7142 0 22149 22149 0

MoFood

Construction of 1.05 lakh MT Capacity new Food Godown Project

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-16

24565 24565 0 97 97 0 97 97 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

MoFood

Construction of 1.10 lakh MT Capacity Food Godown in the Northern region of the Country

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-12

22425 22425 0 0 0 0 17146 17146 0

198

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoFood

Construction of 1.35 lakh MT capacity Godowns across the country

Completed

Jul-10

Mar-14

30542 30542 0 1746 1746 0 28956 28956 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoFood

Construction of a Concrete Grain Silo of 50,000 MT capacity at Mongla Port

Ongoing

Jan-10

Jun-14

53513 53513 0 13007 13007 0 32727 32727 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

MoFood

Construction of Flour Mill at Postagola, Dhaka

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-15

13474 13474 0 1801 1801 0 2082 2082 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoFood

Construction of mutlistoried warehouse at Santahar Grain Silo Premises , Bogra (25,000 MT)

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-15

26456 6219 20237 5791 4894 897 10189 5080 5109

JAICA

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

MoFood

Reconstruction of Dilapidated Food Godowns and Ancillary Infrastructures of DOF

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-11

1769 1769 0 0 0 0 1245 1245 0

199

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





9: Effective safety nets

9.1: Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net program

mes and form

ulate a new

integrated strategy for social safety net program

mes

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DDM

Operation Support to the employment generation programme for the poorest (EGPP)

Ongoing

Jan-11

Jun-14

4693 87 4606 1788 37 1752 4209 75 4134

IDB

9.2: Investment in em

ployment

and income generation of social

safety nets (including in ADP)

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BRDB

Employment Guarantee Scheme for Hardcore Poor of Northern Region

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-13

2839 2839 0 0 0 0 2719 2719 0

Ongoing

BRDB

Initiative for Development, Empowerment , Awareness and Livelihood Project(IDEAL)

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-16

1532 1532 0 338 338 0 434 434 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

BSRI

Create Employment Opportunity of Char Dwellers in Greater Rangpur District through Sugarcane Cultivation

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-15

821 821 0 164 164 0 543 543 0

200

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DAE

Char development and settlement project-4

Ongoing

Jan-11

Dec-16

506 52 454 98 0 98 313 22 291

Netherlands, IFAD

Completed

DAE

Emergency Support for immediate rehabilitation of most vulnerable in five upazilas of Satkhira District of southern Bangladesh

Completed

Aug-12

Feb-13

164 0 164 0 0 0 164 0 164

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DDM

ECRRP-Disaster Risk Mitigation and Reduction

Ongoing

Aug-08

Jun-15

7655 0 7655 343 0 343 3479 0 3479

World Bank

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DOC

Livelihood improvement of the Garo community

Completed

Jan-10

Jun-12

636 636 0 0 0 0 629 629 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Poverty reduction and livelihood security for the people of economically depressed areas

Ongoing

Apr-10

Jun-16 7683 7683 0 989 989 0 6129 6129 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DoForestry

Poverty reduction through social forestry O

ngoing

Mar-10

Dec-13

4470 4470 0 598 598 0 3984 3984 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DPE EC Assisted School Feeding Programme

Ongoing

Jan-09

Dec-14

20213 7517 12697 4080 2416 1664 14291 2779 11511

EC

201

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DPE

School feeding programme in poverty prone areas

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-14

157793 87575 70219 46265 27966 18299

121554 60716 60838

WFP

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DSS

Rehabilitation and Training Centre for Orphan Children, Mosa: Sabera Khatun Islamia Shishu Residence

Completed

Jan-10

Jun-13

938 938 0 0 0 0 739 739 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DSS Services for Children at Risk (SCAR)

Ongoing

Jan-09

Dec-14

8928 78 8849 576 10 566 1222 35 1187

IDA, World Bank

Pipeline

Pipeline

Completed

DSS

Support services programme for the vulnerable group SSVG 2nd part

Completed

Dec-11

Jun-13

2000 2000 0 0 0 0 1477 1477 0

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DWA

Food and Livelihood Security (FLS)

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-14

22333 540 21793 7078 72 7006 20489 283 20206

EU

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DWA

Vulnerable Group Development of ultra poor women (VGDUP)

Completed

Jan-07

Dec-11

8154 209 7945 0 0 0 6969 183 6787

JICA

202

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Jatio Mahila Sangstha

Urban Based Marginal Women Development

Ongoing

Oct-08

Sep-15

1710 1710 0 409 409 0 977 977 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

LGD

Rural Employment Opportunity for public Assets (REOPA)

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-12

11553 468 11085 0 0 0 6941 18 6923

EU, UN

DP

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

LGED

CDSP- Char Development & Settlement project 3

Completed

Jul-05

Dec-10

100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0

Netherlands

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Char Development & Settlement Project-4

Ongoing

Jan-11

Dec-16 17499 3742 13757 4002 811 3191 6759 1501 5258

Netherlands, IFAD

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

LGED

Enhancing Resilience under Bangladesh Country Programme

Completed

Jul-08

Jun-12

15042 4031 11012 0 0 0 13196 3688 9508

WFP

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Infrastructure & Livelihood Improvement of living in Haor regions project.

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-19

44093 11922 32171 15293 2424 12869 17485 2664 14821

IFAD

203

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Project for Poverty alleviation through urban participation

Ongoing

Jul-07

Jun-15

69223 4372 64851 13422 297 13125 56413 1892 54521

UN

DP, DFID

LGED

Rural Employment and road Maintenance Program-2 (RERMP-2).

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-17

55062 40635 14428 9396 3925 5471 9396 3925 5471

EU

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

LGED

Rural Employment and Road maintenance Programme (RERMP)

Completed

Mar-08

Jun-13

54413 54413 0 0 0 0 54162 54162 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

MoDM

R

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (2nd Phase)

Ongoing

Jan-10

Dec-14

35907 657 35250 11225 0 11225 33315 175 33140

DFID, EU, UNDP

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

MoSW

Support Service Program for the Socially Disadvantage Women and Girls

Completed

Jul-10

Dec-12

642 0 642 0 0 0 558 0 558

UN

FPA

Pipeline

Ongoing

PDBF

Extension of Palli Daridro Bimochon Foundation (PDBF) Activities for Poverty Alleviation & Self Employment

Ongoing

Jul-12

Jun-16

20342 20342 0 3200 3200 0 5214 5214 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDA

Action research project on 'Poverty alleviation through RDA's IGA training and microcredit for livestock management, bottling of biogas and organic manure production at monga areas'

Ongoing

Jul-09

Dec-15

4257 4257 0 1193 1193 0 3539 3539 0

204

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDCD

Char Livelihoods Improvement Programme (CLP II)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Dec-16

60849 910 59938 18028 451 17577 63997 839 63158

DFID

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

RDCD

Char Livelihoods Programme - 1st revised

Completed

Jul-03

Jun-11

8164 447 7718 0 0 0 372 10 362

DFID

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDCD

Comprehensive Village Development Program 2nd phase

Ongoing

Jul-09

Dec-14

9596 9596 0 2136 2136 0 6317 6317 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDCD

Economic Empowerment of the Poorest in Bangladesh

Ongoing

Jul-07

Jun-15

77241 311 76931 21678 2 21676 65076 200 64876

DFID

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

RDCD

One House One Farm

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-16

270304 270304 0 54927 54927 0 168769

168769 0

10: Comm


10.1: Comm

unity based livelihood and nutrition program

mes, building on the

National N

utrition Service (NN

S)

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGFP

Information, Education and Communication (FP) (HPNSDP-OP 23)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

2094 795 1300 1580 4 1576 2349 425 1924

USAID, U

NFPA

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGFP

Maternal, Child, Reproductive and Adolescent Health (MCRAH) (HPNSDP-OP 18)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

11880 2705 9175 7706 1023 6683 11990 2085 9905

UN

FPA

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

Community Based Health Care (CBHC) (HPNSDP-OP 3)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

21866 5461 16405 3441 932 2509 4959 1007 3952

UN

ICEF, WHO

205

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Community based Nutrition (CBN) in selected area

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

20723 800 19923 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Consultancy Service

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

160 0 160 70 0 70 70 0 70

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Control & prevention of Anaemia

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

4798 800 3998 1000 0 1000 1000 0 1000

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Control of Iodine deficiency Disorder

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

2279 800 1480 20 0 20 20 0 20

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Control of Vitamin-A deficiency disorder

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

5824 1599 4225 5522 906 4616 5522 906 4616

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Establishment of nutrition Service in CC & GMP

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

5307 880 4428 61 0 61 61 0 61

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Food fortification (Salt Iodization, fortification of oil/other food with Vitamin ‘A’, iron etc.)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16 800 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Food Quality and Food Safety O

ngoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1359 160 1200 1200 0 1200 1200 0 1200

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Human resource development (HRD)-HNPSP

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

5558 400 5158 4304 500 3804 4304 500 3804

206

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Institutional Capacity Development a) Orientation / Advocacy of Division,District,Upazila managers.

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

5987 800 5187 500 0 500 500 0 500

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Multi sectoral collaboration

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1274 480 794 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pipeline

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-National Nutrition Services (HPNSDP - OP 17)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

45109 10172 34938 7828 2522 5306 13841 4053 9789

WHO

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Nutrition in emergency

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

2679 560 2119 15 0 15 15 0 15

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Other Micronutrient problems of Public Health importance ( zinc, vitamin ‘D,’ calcium etc.)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1257 640 617 30 0 30 30 0 30

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Protection, Promotion & Support of Breastfeeding/ Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) including BFHI & BMS Code

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

2381 400 1981 1500 0 1500 1500 0 1500

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-School Nutritional education Program

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16 4678 640 4038 50 0 50 50 0 50

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

Non-Communicable Diseases and other public health intervention (NCD) (HPNSDP-OP 7)-HNPSP

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

5314 1415 3899 4715 837 3878 5676 1248 4429

POO

L

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Strengthening of fisheries and aquaculture food safety and quality management system in Bangladesh

Ongoing

Jul-10

Dec-15

9317 4963 4354 2151 1049 1102 6152 2200 3952

UN

IDO, EU

207

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

ERD

Protecting and Promoting Food Security and Nutrition for Families and Children in Bangladesh

Completed

Mar-10

Mar-13

5549 0 5549 0 0 0 2292 0 2292

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

MoHFW

Micro Nutrient Supplementation-HNPSP

Completed

Jul-03

Jun-11

2623 688 1935 0 0 0 1855 299 1556

UN

ICEF, IDA

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

MoHFW

National Nutrition Programme NNP

Completed

Jul-03

Jun-11

48137 6538 41599 0 0 0 3731 1011 2720

IDA, Netherlands, CIDA

10.2: Support comm

unity based efforts of hom

estead gardening, rearing small livestock,

aquaculture and awareness building for

improved nutrition

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

DLS

Conservation & Improvement of Native Sheep Through Community Farming & Commercial Farming Project (component B)

Completed

Jul-06

Jun-11

80 80 0 0 0 0 74 74 0

DLS

Improving food security of women and children by enhancing backyard and small scale poultry production in the southern delta region

Ongoing

Oct-12

Sep-14 2033 0 2033 855 0 855 855 0 855

USAID, FAO

MoFL

Improve food and nutrition security by Integrated agriculture development in selected southern region of Bangladesh

Ongoing

Nov-12

Oct-15

3236 195 3041 1756 142 1614 1756 142 1614

USAID

208

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





10.3: Link long term w

ith im

mediate treatm

ent of acute m

alnutrition, in particular through therapeutic and supplem

entary feeding

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Community & facility based management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM)

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1200 560 640 12 0 12 462 0 462

MO

A

Infrastructure Development and Strengthening of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition (BIRTAN)

Ongoing

Jul-13

Jun-17

8094 8094 0 1235 1235 0 1235 1235 0

11: Orient food and nutrition program

through data

11.1: Undertake updated &

com

prehensive national survey of food consum

ption &

food composition

BBS

Development of Bangladesh Poverty Database

Ongoing

Jul-13

Dec-17

14590 726 13863 165 150 15 165 150 15

World Bank

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BBS Nutritional surveillance component

Ongoing

Jul-09

Jun-14

640 4 636 186 0 186 599 0 599

EU

11.2: Undertake study of dietary diversification

& supplem

entation needs and advocacy, aw

areness & educational m

aterials to facilitate behavioral change in eating habits &

practices

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Nutrition Surveillance Program O

ngoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

3211 800 2411 0 0 0 555 270 285

209

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Completed

MoFood

Desirable Dietary pattern - BIRDEM, Dhaka, 2012-13

Completed

Nov-11

Apr-13

29 0 29 0 0 0 29 0 29

Ongoing

Completed

MoFood

Food Composition Table-INFS/CARS Dhaka University-2012-13

Completed

Nov-11

Apr-13

36 0 36 0 0 0 36 0 36

11.3: Strengthen national capacities in surveying and analysis to facilitate evidence based decisions

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BBS Agriculture Census Project-2007

Completed

Jul-07

Jun-11

401 401 0 0 0 0 170 170 0

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

Completed

BBS

Assistance in the data processing and analysis of the Bangladesh census of agriculture

Completed

Jul-09

Jun-11

11 0 11 0 0 0 11 0 11

Pipeline

Ongoing

BBS

Harmonization and dissemination of unified Agricultural Production Statistics

Completed

Jul-12

Jun-14

352 64 288 212 49 163 352 64 288

FAO

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

BBS

Monitoring the situation of Children and Women (Phase 2)

Completed

Jul-07

Dec-11

587 25 562 0 0 0 478 17 461

UN

ICEF

210

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

Ongoing

BBS

Monitoring the situation of Children and Women (Phase 3)

Ongoing

Jan-12

Jun-14

685 29 656 87 8 79 561 21 540

UN

ICEF

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Establishment of nutrition unit (NU) and strengthening of existing NU

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

2784 726 2058 639 45 595 1162 100 1062

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

NNS-Monitoring, Evaluation, Operations Research, Survey

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

1791 800 992 75 0 75 200 0 200

Pipeline

Pipeline

Ongoing

Ongoing

DGHS

Planning, Monitoring and Research

Ongoing

Jul-11

Jun-16

4238 800 3439 3774 760 3015 5100 1000 4100

WHO

, PO

OL

12: Food Safety and Quality Im

provement

12.1: Improve

surveillance system of

food borne illnesses

Ongoing

MoHFW

Improving Food Safety in Bangladesh

Ongoing

Jul-12

Dec-15

2480 0 2480 639 0 639 994 0 994

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

MoHFW

Improving Food Safety, Quality and Food Control in Bangladesh

Completed

Jan-09

Dec-12

2055 272 1783 0 0 0 456 15 441

EU

12.2: Develop and enhance capacities of laboratories and

systems for food quality assurance

and safety and control of food

Pipeline

Ongoing

DLS

Livestock disease control and prevention project

Ongoing

Jul-12

Dec-14

5045 5045 0 749 749 0 836 836 0

211

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Status in CIP2011

Status in CIP2012

Status in CIP2013

Status in CIP2014

GoB Agency

Project title

Status

Start date

End date





Ongoing

MoHFW


Ongoing

Jul-12

Dec-15

1653 0 1653 426 0 426 663 0 663

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

MoHFW


Completed

Jan-09

Dec-12

1370 181 1189 0 0 0 304 10 294

EU

12.3: Support the development of a m

odern food control m

anagement system

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

BARI

Development of safe vegetable production technology utilizing municipal organic waste in peri urban areas

Completed

Jul-10

Jun-14

919 919 0 154 154 0 919 919 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

DOFish

Control of formalin use in fish preservation and mass awareness

Ongoing

Mar-11

Jun-14

770 770 0 237 237 0 769 769 0

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

Completed

DPHE

Strengthening capacity for water quality analysis and monitoring system in Bangladesh

Completed

Apr-09

Mar-12

2143 20 2123 0 0 0 2142 19 2123

Ongoing

MoHFW


Ongoing

Jul-12

Dec-15 4134 0 4134 1064 0 1064 1657 0 1657

Ongoing

Ongoing

Ongoing

Completed

MoHFW


Completed

Jan-09

Dec-12

3425 453 2972 0 0 0 760 25 735

EU

212

Annex 4.5: Projects in the CIP pipeline as of June 2014

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e

Included in CIP 2011




GoB Agency

Project title

Fund required by the project (Lakh taka)

Suggested DP

Fund required by 30th June 2015

Total GoB PA Total GoB PA

1: Sustainable and diversified agriculture

1.1: Enhance research & know

ledge generation and adoption to increase agricultural productivity and diversity in a sustainable m

anner

Yes

BARI

Enhancement of pulses research and development in Bangladesh 2499 2499 0 1.4 1.4 0.0

Yes

BARI

Integrated agricultural development project for Magura Jessore Narail Khulna Satkhira (BARI part)

1994 1994 0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Yes

BARI

Strengthening of environmental stress research for sustainable crop production in the problem areas of Bangladesh

1811 1811 0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Yes

BARI

Strengthening of oilseed research and development in Bangladesh 2485 2485 0 1.4 1.4 0.0

Yes

BARI

Upgrading regional horticulture research station, Comilla to regional agriculture research station

5467 5467 0 3.1 3.1 0.0

Yes Yes Yes Yes

BJRI

Development and Dissemination of Agricultural Technologies for Jute and Allied Fiber Crops

2429 2429 0 1.2 1.2 0.0

BRRI

Crop intensification in greater Sylhet region (BRRI part) 0 0.0

BRRI

Magura, Jessore, Narail, Khulna, Satkhira Integrated Agricultural Development Project (BRRI part)

0 0.0

BRRI Strengthening Rice Research Activities and 0 0.0

213

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



Outreach Stations Development of BRRI

DoForestry

Establishment of Bangladesh Environmental Research and Training Institute 10373 520 9853

WB, ADB, JICA 14.9 0.7 14.2

MoC

Strengthening and Capacity Building of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute 695 0 695 0.2 0.0 0.2

MoFood

LiDAR Survey of Costal Zone of Bangladesh from Satkhira to Bhola District 12750 0 12750

Govt. of Korea

6.1 0.0 6.1

1.2: Improve extension services to propagate

knowledge &

practices, supported by com

munity-based experim

entation &

learning and indigenous knowledge

Yes

BARI

Technology development and dissemination of homestead and field crops in char areas for income generation and poverty alleviation

1481 1481 0 0.9 0.9 0.0

DAE

Extension of Granular Urea Technology Project 10413 0 10413

USAID/USDA 6.0 0.0 6.0

DWA

Empowerment of women through technology transfer 0 0.0

SFDF

Capacity Building of the Small Farmers Development Foundation 3992 0 3992

KOICA

2.9 0.0 2.9

214

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



1.3: Promote the developm

ent of responses to adapt agricultural system

s to climate change

BARC

Adaptation to Climate Change and Rehabilitation of Livelihood in South-West Bangladesh

5285 15 5270

GIZ 3.8 0.0 3.8

DAE

Agricultural Adaptation in climate risk prone area of Bangladesh (Flood and Cyclone prone areas)

18665 6893 11772 26.9 9.9 16.9

LGED

Climate Change Adaptation project 14100 7050 7050

DANIDA

20.3 10.1 10.1

MoDM

R

Construction of Relief Go downs in the disaster prone Districts 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Yes Yes

MoDM

R

Establishment of Bangladesh Disaster Management Training and Research Institute

14040 1000 13040 16.8 1.2 15.6

Yes Yes Yes

RDA

Multipurpose use of sweet water for climate victims for livelihood improvement 13800 10316 3484 19.9 14.8 5.0

2: Improved w

ater managem

ent

2.1: Improve w

ater managem

ent in w

ater distribution systems and

at farm level

BARI

Rain Water Harvesting in Hilly Creeks/Charas to Restore Sustainable Agriculture Based Livelihoods in Hilly Areas of Chittagong Hill Tracks

4029 400 3629

KOICA

2.9 0.3 2.6

BWDB

Ganges Barrage Project 0 0.0

BW

DB Technical Assistance Project for Flood Management in Bangladesh 0 0.0

215

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



DoForestry

Bangladesh Environmental Management through River Basin and Eco-village Development

106600 68 106532 W

B, ADB 153.4 0.1 153.3

DoForestry

Water Pollution abatement for environment Protection in Greater Dhaka to Chittagong

43500 0 43500

World Bank

37.5 0.0 37.5

2.2: Improve &

increase efficiency of surface water irrigation, in particular in

the south

BADC

Surface water Irrigation Rehabilitation in the Southern Delta Region (Barisal part) of Bangladesh

1280 0 1280

USAID

0.8 0.0 0.8

BMDA

Livelihood Development of Char Dwellers through solar irrigation, Communication Development and Sanitation Project

19800 19800 0 7.1 7.1 0.0

Yes Yes Yes Yes

BWDB

Chandpur-Comilla Integrated Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation Project 11238 11238 0 16.2 16.2 0.0

Yes Yes Yes

BWDB

Char Kukri-Mikri flood control, drainage and prevention of saline water intrusion project in the district of Bhola

13261 13261 0 19.1 19.1 0.0

Yes

BWDB

Construction of Hatia Nijhumdip cross Dam at Hatia upazila in Naokhali 9320 9320 0 13.4 13.4 0.0

Yes

BWDB

Construction of Sandwip Urir Char cross dam project at Sandwip upazila in Chittagong

68317 68317 0 98.3 98.3 0.0

Yes Yes Yes BW

DB Flood control and development of Kamrangir Char 10440 10440 0 15.0 15.0 0.0

216

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



Yes Yes Yes

BWDB

Integrated water resources management of Chalan Beel area including Beel Haloti development project

36405 36405 0 52.4 52.4 0.0

BWDB

Irrigation Management Improvement Project (For Muhuri Irrigation Project (IMIP) 0 0.0

Yes Yes Yes

BWDB

Kurigram Irrigation Project (North Unit) 53700 53700 0 61.8 61.8 0.0

Yes

BWDB

Kurigram Irrigation Project (South Unit) II phase 153726 153726 0 176.9 176.9 0.0

Yes Yes

BWDB

North Rajshahi Irrigation Project 110054 0 110054

IDB 105.5 0.0 105.5

Yes Yes Yes

BWDB

Re-excavation of Kumar river 5294 5294 0 7.6 7.6 0.0

Yes Yes Yes

BWDB

Re-excavation/dredging of Mahananda river from Khalgat to Nasipur at Sadar Upazila in Chapai Nawabganj District

14580 14580 0 21.0 21.0 0.0

2.4: Enhance river w

ater flow to the

South

BWDB

Flood & River Bank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program 0 0.0

217

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



3: Improved quality of input and soil fertility

3.1: Enhance availability of agricultural inputs, tested and certified for quality of diversified crops

Yes Yes

BCIC

Ashugonj Fertilizer Project-II 960000 192000 768000 931.9 186.4 745.5

Yes Yes

BCIC

BMR of TSP Complex Ltd. (TSPCL) 65811 65811 0 47.3 47.3 0.0

Yes Yes

BCIC

Construction of 13 (thirteen numbers of new buffer go downs at different districts for facilitating fertilizer distribution

4052 4052 0 5.8 5.8 0.0

BCIC

Installation of Package Boiler and Cooling Tower in DAP Fertilizer Factory Ltd. (DAPFCL)

14700 14700 0 10.6 10.6 0.0

BCIC

Installation of Urea Formaldehyde-85 (UF-85) plant 40000 40000 0 23.0 23.0 0.0

BCIC North-West fertilizer project (NWFP) 657726 198526 459200 460.7 139.0 321.6

Yes Yes

BCIC

Setting up of a Modern, energy efficient with higher capacity urea fertilizer factory in the vacant land of UFFL & PUFFL

800000 160000 640000 573.4 114.7 458.8

Yes Yes

BCIC

Sustaining the Installed rated production capacity by repairing of Chittagong urea Fertilizer Ltd. (CUFL)

47764 47764 0

JBIC 34.3 34.3 0.0

Yes Yes Yes Yes BM

DA Enhancing seed producing capacity of BMDA 3416 3416 0 2.9 2.9 0.0

218

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



4: Fisheries and aquaculture Development

4.1: Develop small scale aquaculture, through access to

quality inputs, advice and skills

Yes

BFDC

Establishment of fish landing centers in Haor and Baor area in Bangladesh 6443 6443 0 2.9 2.9 0.0

Yes Yes Yes Yes

BFRI

Establishing Haor Fisheries Research Station in Kishoreganj and Beel Fisheries Research Station in Gopalganj

16248 16248 0 17.5 17.5 0.0

Yes Yes Yes

DOFish

Community base Baor fisheries management project 10709 10709 0 15.4 15.4 0.0

Yes

DOFish

Feed the Future Aquaculture Project 4000 0 4000

FAO 5.8 0.0 5.8

Yes

DOFish

Neemgasi community based aquaculture project 3364 3364 0 1.9 1.9 0.0

Yes

DOFish

Value added fish product project 2500 0 2500

IDB 2.7 0.0 2.7

4.2: Improve m

anagement of fisheries

resources

BWDB

Haor Flood Management and Livelihood Improvement Project 0 0.0

Yes

DOFish

Establishment of brood bank project (3rd phase) 8539 8539 0 2.5 2.5 0.0

Yes

DOFish

Fisheries development in greater Jessore project 8860 8860 0 2.5 2.5 0.0

Yes DO

Fish

Fisheries development in rangpur division project 5052 5052 0 2.9 2.9 0.0

219

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



Yes

DOFish

Sustainable Management and Value Chain Development in Fisheries Sector 160000 157789 2211

WB 65.7 64.8 0.9

LGED

Haor Flood Management and Livelihood Increment project 80870 80172 698

IDB 16.6 16.5 0.1

4.4: Promote production

in the South through sustainable shrim

p and praw

n development and

comm

unity based co m

anagement of w

etlands

Yes

DOFish

Building trade apathy of Small scale shrimp and prawn farmers in Bangladesh - investing in the bottom of the pyramid approach

455 0 455

FAO 0.7 0.0 0.7

5: Livestock development

5.1: Strengthen animal

health services, including better diagnosis and

surveillance systems to

mitigate disease outbreaks

Yes

BARI

Strengthening of Vertebrate pest research and development in Bangladesh 2000 2000 0 1.2 1.2 0.0

Yes

DOFish

Strengthening National Capacity to Respond to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and Emerging and Re-emerging Disease in Bangladesh

1626 0 1626

FAO 2.3 0.0 2.3

5.2: Strengthen husbandry capacity at household level through com

munity based

improved know

ledge and advisory services

Yes

DLS

Small scale dairy farm development in the dairy pocket area in Bangladesh 6194 0 6194

IDB 6.7 0.0 6.7

220

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



5.3: Improve availability and quality of inputs through public private partnerships

BMPCU

L

Development of Veterinary Drug Wing of Essential Drug Company Ltd (EDCL) at Gopalgonj

30177 0 30177 Govt. of Belarus

21.7 0.0 21.7

BMPCU

L

Establishment of Cattle Feed Industry at Subornochar, Noakhali 3228 0 3228

Govt. of Belarus

2.3 0.0 2.3

BMPCU

L

Establishment of Milk Product Diversification Plant at Mirpur, Dhaka 4000 0 4000

Govt. of Belarus

2.9 0.0 2.9

BMPCU

L

Establishment of Pasteurization Plant at Tangail and Patia 5000 0 5000

Govt. of Belarus

3.6 0.0 3.6

BMPCU

L

Establishment of Powder Milk Plant at Baghabari, Sirajgonj 10000 0 10000

Govt. of Belarus

7.2 0.0 7.2

BMPCU

L

Expansion of Pasteurization Plant of Milk Union at Tekerhat, Madaripur 5237 0 5237

Govt. of Belarus

3.8 0.0 3.8

BMPCU

L

Modernization and BMRE of Frozen semen Laboratory of Milk Union at Baghabari, shajadpur, Sirajgonj

3958 0 3958

Govt. of Belarus

2.8 0.0 2.8

Milk Vita

Establishment of Super Instant Milk Plant at Baghabarighat, Sriajgonj 1875 1875 0 1.1 1.1 0.0

5.4: Research on livestock

development,

including genetic im

provement

Yes

BLRI

Establishment of dairy research development center project 6259 6259 0 5.4 5.4 0.0

Yes BLRI

Red cattle development and conservation (2nd phase) 2488 2488 0 2.1 2.1 0.0

221

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



BMPCU

L

Establishment of Cattle breeding laboratory at Roypur, Laxmipur 3987 0 3987

Govt. of Belarus

2.9 0.0 2.9

Yes

DLS

Breed Up gradation Through Progeny Test Project phase III 4413 4413 0 2.5 2.5 0.0

Yes

DLS

Establishment of livestock diploma institute project 28402 28402 0 27.2 27.2 0.0

Yes

DLS

Khulna regional livestock development project 8148 8148 0 4.7 4.7 0.0

Milk Vita

Establishment of Milk Plant for Enhancing Milk Production at Patiya, Chittagong 800 800 0 0.5 0.5 0.0

6: Improved access to m

arkets

6.1: Improve physical access to m

arkets, facilities and inform

ation

Yes Yes

DAM

Agricultural market infrastructure development project 990 0 990

FAO 1.4 0.0 1.4

DAM

Ensuring Sustainable Agricultural Development through Access of Market and Finance

11920 560 11360

IDB 7.1 0.3 6.8

DAM

Establishment of Agricultural system, market, information and centers 4029 400 3629

KOICA

2.9 0.3 2.6

DAM

Modernization of the establishment of e-governance system at Department of agriculture Marketing

3318 330 2988

KOICA

2.4 0.2 2.1

DAM

Strengthening capacity building of DAM in research and policy agricultural marketing information

980 0 980

FAO 0.6 0.0 0.6

222

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



DLS

Establishment of Slaughter House at Upazila level 11879 0 11879

Iran 5.7 0.0 5.7

LGED

Rural Access Road Improvement Project in Sylhet Division 20375 4075 16300

IDB 17.6 3.5 14.1

6.2: Mobilize and prom

ote producer &

marketing

groups for improved m

arket access and know

ledge

BSCIC

Poverty Reduction through Inclusing & Sustainable Market (PRISM) 36396 11333 25063

EU 5.5 1.7 3.8

Yes Yes Yes

DOC

Development of cooperatives based direct marketing system of agricultural products 2145 2145 0 3.1 3.1 0.0

6.3: Develop adequate storage, processing and value addition and reduce w

aste through public-private partnerships

DAM

Ensuring food security through enhancing value addition and activities of agricultural commodities in 10 selected districts

990 0 990

FAO 0.9 0.0 0.9

Yes Yes

DAM

Ensuring food security through enhancing value addition and processing activities of agricultural commodities in 10 selected districts

5240 5240 0 4.4 4.4 0.0

Yes Yes

DAM

Go down, wholesale market infrastructure of agricultural product and 6 regional training center renovation and preservation program (Bangla)

2340 2340 0 3.4 3.4 0.0

DAM

Improving Marketing efficiency through value chain linkage in 06 selected districts 1000 0 1000

FAO 0.6 0.0 0.6

223

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



6.4: Promote and assist the developm

ent of off farm activities and rural businesses

BRDB

Rural Entrepreneurship Development Project 68000 6800 61200

Govt. of Belarus

32.6 3.3 29.3

Yes Yes

DAM

Agricultural marketing extension service development project 980 0 980

FAO 1.4 0.0 1.4

Yes Yes Yes

DOC

Livelihood improvement of the disadvantaged women 6557 6557 0 9.4 9.4 0.0

DoFish

Climate Resilient Ecosystem and Livelihoods (CREI) (DoF part) 10410 0 10410

USAID

7.5 0.0 7.5

LGED

Strengthening Women's Ability for Productive new Opportunities (SWAPNO) Project

83200 20800 62400

World Bank

23.9 6.0 17.9

RDA

Enhancement of Coastal Livelihood through Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Development

6302 300 6002

Govt. of Belarus

2.3 0.1 2.2

RDA

Rural Entrepreneurship Development Project 2022 7 2015

Govt. of Belarus

1.9 0.0 1.9

SFDF

Production, Employment and Income Generation Programme for the Small Farmers of Bangladesh

2905 0 2905

KOICA

2.6 0.0 2.6

224

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



7: Implem


FP and CIP actions

7.2: Strengthen national capacities for design, im

plementation and

monitoring of CIP operations

Yes Yes Yes Yes

MoFood

Meeting the Undernourishment Challenge Program 13900 0 13900 3.1 0.0 3.1

7.3: Strengthen capacities of civil society

organizations to contribute to CIP developm

ent and im

plementation

RDA

Advocacy on Family Planning, training and Post training support for Employment and Empowerment of Rural women

1395 300 1095

Govt. of Belarus

0.7 0.1 0.5

8: Enhanced Public Food Managem

ent System

s

8.2: Build capacities of Ministry of Food

and Disaster Managem

ent and Directorate of Food to better m

anage the food system

s

DDM

Establishment of National Disaster Management Research and Training Institute

14040 1000 13040

Govt. of Korea

10.1 0.7 9.4

225

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



8.3: Increase and modernize

public storage and handling facilities, including in disaster

prone areas

DDM

Procurement of 4 Helicopters for Relief Distribution and Rescure Operation During and after Disasters

60000 0 60000 28.8 0.0 28.8

DDM

Procurement of Rescue Equipments for Rescue Operation for Earthquake and other Disasters

13000 0 13000 7.0 0.0 7.0

Yes

MoFood

Bangladesh Modern Food Storage Facilities Project 191997 4335 187662

WB 63.6 1.4 62.1

9: Effective safety nets

9.1: Strengthen institutional capacities to effectively operate social safety net

programm

es and formulate a new

integrated strategy for social safety net program

mes

Yes

DDM

Bangladesh Safety net Systems for the Poorest Project 347500 0 347500 211.0 0.0 211.0

DDM

Enhancing community resilience to climate variability and natural disasters 20000 11000 9000 14.4 7.9 6.5

Yes Yes Yes Yes

tbd

Capacity development and institutional strengthening for more effective safety nets 35000 5000 30000 50.4 7.2 43.2

9.2: Investment in

employm

ent and incom

e generation of social safety nets (including in ADP)

BRDB

Employment Guarantee Scheme for Poor of Northern Region-2nd phase 9488 9488 0 3.4 3.4 0.0

Yes Yes DO

C Livelihood Improvement of the Indigenous Community through Cooperatives 3635 3635 0 5.2 5.2 0.0

226

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



DWA

Investment component for vulnerable group Development program 4340 1017 3323

WFP 3.6 0.8 2.7

DWA

Provide IGA Training and supply productive asset in River Erosion Aila and Sidr affected areas

0 0.0

GED Social Protection Policy Support Programs 5700 100 5600

UN

DP

3.1 0.1 3.0

RDA

Action research project on construction of cooperative base Multi-storied "Palli Janapad" housing with modern urban Amenities for Livelihood Improvement of the rural people

42434 42434 0 20.3 20.3 0.0

Yes Yes Yes

RDCD

Comprehensive Village Development Program 3rd phase 15000 15000 0 21.6 21.6 0.0

Yes Yes

SFDF

Livelihood Improvement of Ethnic and Marginal Population 6562 6562 0 9.4 9.4 0.0

10: Comm


10.1: Comm

unity based livelihood and nutrition

programm

es, building on the N

ational Nutrition

Service (NN

S)

Yes

DoFish

Integrated Agriculture Interventions for Improved Food and Nutrition Security in Selected Districts of Southern Bangladesh

3426 0 3426

FAO 4.3 0.0 4.3

DPE National School Feeding Program 1000 1000 0

WFP 0.2 0.2 0.0

DPE

Technical assistance for preparation of national school feeding Program Policy 100 0 100

WFP 0.0 0.0 0.0

227

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



DWA

Early child care and development support project change: Early learning for child development (2nd phase)

2500 800 1700 U

NICEF

1.8 0.6 1.2

Labor&Em

p.M

Promotion of Reproductive Health, Reproductive Rights, Health Education, Gender Equality and Prevention of HID/AIDS in Tea Communities (2nd revised)

1845 530 1315 0.7 0.2 0.5

MoFood

Institutionalization of Food Safety in Bangladesh for Safer Food 3498 50 3448 1.9 0.0 1.9

Yes Yes Yes

MoSW

Poverty reduction of underprivileged poor people in the backward areas of the country through self employment generation project

8319 8319 0 11.6 11.6 0.0

11: Orient food and nutrition program

through data

11.1: Undertake updated

& com

prehensive national survey of food

consumption &

food com

position

MoPA

Strengthening Poverty Statistics in Bangladesh (SPSB) Project 694 694 0

WB 0.3 0.3 0.0

11.3: Strengthen national capacities in surveying and

analysis to facilitate evidence based decisions

Health&N

utrition

Learning platform for the Safe Motherhood Promotion Projects (SMPP) on maternal and neonatal health in Brahmanbaria district, Bangladesh

0 0.0

228

Programm

e

Subprogramm

e





GoB Agency

Project title


Suggested DP



12: Food Safety and Quality Im

provement

12.1: Improve

surveillance system

of food borne illnesses

Yes Yes Yes Yes

tbd

Improve surveillance system of food borne illnesses 8500 0 8500 12.2 0.0 12.2

12.2: Develop and enhance capacities of laboratories and

systems for food quality

assurance and safety and control of food

LGED

Capacity building of Environmental Laboratories and Environmental unit of LGED

5860 5160 700

JICA 1.4 1.2 0.2

12.3: Support the developm

ent of a m

odern food control m

anagement system

Yes Yes

tbd

Programmes aiming to Support the development of a modern food control management system

2989 0 2989 4.3 0.0 4.3

229

Annex 4.6: Development partners’ contribution and commitments in the CIP 2015 Annex 4.6a: DPs contribution through ADP 2015 (as of June 2014)

Food Availability Food Access Food Utilization

Total CIP 2015

Change bechangetween CIP 2015 and

CIP 2014

Addition CIP 2015

Revision on CIP 2014 in CIP 2015

Budget beyond CIP period

1. Sustainable and diversified agriculture through integrated

research and extension

2. Improved w

ater resource m

anagement and infrastructure

for irrigation purposes

3. Improved quality of inputs and

soil fertility

4. Fisheries and aquaculture developm

ent

5. Livestock development, w

ith a focus on poultry and dairy

production

subtotal Availability

6. Improved access to m

arket, value addition in agriculture and

non farm incom

es

7. Strengthened capacities for im

plementation and m

onitoring of N

FP and CIP actions

8. Enhanced public food m

anagement system

9. Institutional Developm

ent and Capacity D

evelopment for m

ore effective safety nets

subtotal Access

10. Comm

unity based nutrition program

mes and services

11. Orient food and nutrition

actions through data

12. Food safety and quality im

provement

subtotal Utilization

ADB 9.0 42.7 22.0 - 5.1 78.8 364.5 0.3 - - 364.9 - - - - 443.7 64.2 0.1 64.1 289.8 China - - 560.0 - - 560.0 - - - - - - - - - 560.0 0.0 0.0 -

DANIDA 20.9 - - 7.3 9.7 37.9 7.9 - - - 7.9 - - - - 45.9 11.2 11.2 24.1 DFAT - - - - 13.4 13.4 - - - 11.3 11.3 - - - - 24.8 2.4 2.6 (0.2) 5.9 DFID 95.4 - - - 105.8 201.3 37.4 - - 205.1 242.5 125.0 - - 125.0 568.7 18.1 18.1 111.5 EKN - 105.0 - - - 105.0 - - - 6.5 6.5 - - - - 111.5 20.7 6.5 14.2 44.5 EU 15.2 - 13.7 0.1 0.2 29.1 - 2.6 - 52.1 54.7 31.0 7.6 8.2 46.8 130.6 3.5 3.5 -

FAO 0.7 - - - - 0.7 - - - - - - - - - 0.7 (0.6) (0.6) - GAFSP 5.5 - 0.4 0.1 - 5.9 - 3.5 - - 3.5 - - - - 9.5 (40.5) (40.5) 1.7

GIZ 8.2 - 9.2 - - 17.4 - - - - - - - - - 17.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 IDB 10.3 - 28.6 2.9 - 41.8 3.2 - - - 3.2 - - - - 45.1 (9.5) (9.5) 15.4

IFAD 66.7 17.7 - 19.0 - 103.4 40.7 - - - 40.7 - - - - 144.1 24.1 24.1 104.1 Italy - - - - - - 2.7 - - - 2.7 - - - - 2.7 (0.3) (0.3) 0.3 JICA - 55.3 - - 1.6 56.9 249.7 - 3.1 - 252.8 - - - - 309.8 54.8 86.6 (31.8) 156.9

Norway 15.2 - - - - 15.2 - - - - - - - - - 15.2 0.0 0.0 - SDC 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.4 - 1.6 10.6 - - - 10.6 - - - - 12.2 (4.5) (4.5) 3.4

Spain - - - - - - - - - - - 11.2 - - 11.2 11.2 0.0 0.0 18.8 UNDP 8.1 - - - - 8.1 - 1.3 - 2.2 3.5 1.5 - - 1.5 13.1 3.3 1.8 1.5 1.9

UNICEF - - - - - - - - - - - 20.2 - - 20.2 20.2 (0.6) (0.6) 5.0 USAID 8.0 - - - 2.5 10.5 13.0 10.4 - - 23.4 8.7 - - 8.7 42.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 WFP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (9.9) (9.9) -

World Bank 72.1 84.5 30.8 - 16.0 203.5 115.0 - 42.7 258.9 416.7 - - - - 620.1 157.2 122.9 34.3 393.9

Total 336 305 665 30 154 1,491 845 18 46 536 1,445 198 7.6 8.2 213 3,149 295.6 220.5 75.1 1,180

Share on total 10.7% 9.7% 21.1% 0.9% 4.9% 47.3% 26.8% 0.6% 1.5% 17.0% 45.9% 6.3% 0.2% 0.3% 6.8% 100.0

%

230

Annex 4.6b: DPs contribution outside-ADP 2015 (as of June 2014)


Total CIP 2015

Change between CIP 2015 and CIP 2014

Addition CIP 2015





2. Improved w

ater resource m

anagement and infrastructure for

irrigation purposes


soil fertility


ent



production




non farm incom

es


plementation and m

onitoring of N

FP and CIP actions


anagement system


ent and Capacity D

evelopment for m


subtotal Access

10. Comm


mes and services




provement


ADB - - 25.1 - - 25.1 - - - - - - - - - 25.1 (0.2) (0.2) - DANIDA - - - - 3.2 3.2 2.7 - - - 2.7 - - - - 5.9 5.9 5.9 11.0 DFAT - - - - - - - - - 41.6 41.6 - - - - 41.6 (24.2) (24.2) 6.0 DFID 9.0 - - - 294.6 303.6 8.6 - - 77.8 86.5 - - - - 390.1 186.5 27.1 159.4 99.4 EKN 15.5 - - - - 15.5 5.9 - - - 5.9 2.0 - 10.7 12.7 34.0 8.3 8.3 14.7 EU 17.1 - - - 1.0 18.1 1.5 - - 35.5 37.0 9.4 - - 9.4 64.4 0.0 0.0 - FAO - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.4 - 0.4 0.4 (0.5) (0.5) - IFAD - - - - - - 32.8 - - - 32.8 - - - - 32.8 0.0 0.0 - JICA - - - - - - - - 20.9 - 20.9 - - - - 20.9 (3.4) (3.4) 3.8 Norway 0.5 - - - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - 0.5 0.0 0.0 - SDC 1.4 - 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.1 8.2 - - - 8.2 - - - - 10.3 0.9 0.9 - UNDP - - - - - - - - - 1.2 1.2 - - - - 1.2 (0.0) (0.0) - USAID 86.6 - 18.3 37.1 22.4 164.3 42.6 23.1 - - 65.7 119.9 - 2.4 122.3 352.4 (28.9) (28.9) 114.1 WFP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (59.1) (59.1) - Total 130.0 - 43.6 37.2 321.6 532.4 102.3 23.1 20.9 156.1 302.3 131.3 0.4 13.1 144.7 979 85.2 27.1 58.1 249 Share of Total 13.3% 0.0% 4.4% 3.8% 32.8% 54.4% 10.4% 2.4% 2.1% 15.9% 30.9% 13.4% 0.0% 1.3% 14.8% 100%

231

Annex 4.6c: DPs future commitments (after June 2014)


Total CIP 2015

Change between CIP 2015 and CIP 2014

Addition CIP 2015





2. Improved w

ater resource m

anagement and infrastructure

for irrigation purposes


soil fertility


ent



production




non farm incom

es


plementation and m

onitoring of N

FP and CIP actions


anagement system


ent and Capacity D

evelopment for m


subtotal Access

10. Comm


mes and services




provement


ADB - 45.4 - - - 45.4 209.1 - - - 209.1 - - - - 254.4 (207.1) (207.1) 461.6 China - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 -

DANIDA 19.6 - - - 2.2 21.9 2.2 - - - 2.2 - - - - 24.0 (13.7) (13.7) 37.8 DFAT - - - - 5.8 5.8 - - - 19.7 19.7 - - - - 25.5 17.4 2.9 14.5 8.1 DFID - - - - - - 8.7 - - - 8.7 69.2 - - 69.2 77.9 54.7 54.7 23.2 EKN - 2.8 - - - 2.8 - - - - - - - - - 2.8 (9.8) (9.8) 12.5 EU - - - - - - - 3.3 - - 3.3 7.0 0.5 - 7.5 10.8 (22.3) (22.3) 33.1

FAO 0.3 - - 0.5 - 0.7 - - - - - - - - - 0.7 0.7 0.7 - GAFSP 5.9 - 2.5 1.8 - 10.2 - 1.8 - - 1.8 - - - - 12.1 9.3 9.3 2.8

GIZ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 - IDB 6.6 - 21.1 6.8 - 34.5 - - - - - - - - - 34.5 18.3 18.3 16.2

IFAD - - - - - - 4.8 - - - 4.8 - - - - 4.8 (45.4) (45.4) 50.2 Italy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 - JICA - 19.5 - - - 19.5 126.5 - 16.0 - 142.5 - - - - 162.0 11.7 83.7 (71.9) 150.3

Norway - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 - SDC - - - - - - 9.1 - - - 9.1 - - - - 9.1 9.1 9.1 -

Spain - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 - UNDP - - - - - - - - - 0.9 0.9 - - - - 0.9 (2.7) 0.9 (3.6) 3.6 NICEF - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 - USAID 4.5 - 2.8 3.4 0.4 11.1 13.1 12.5 - - 25.6 2.8 0.9 - 3.6 40.3 (15.7) (15.7) 56.0 WFP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 -

World Bank 214.0 - - - - 214.0 200.0 - - 193.2 393.2 - - - - 607.2 300.3 300.3 306.8 -

Total 250.9 67.6 26.5 12.4 8.4 365.8 573.5 17.6 16.0 213.8 820.9 78.9 1.4 - 80.3 1,267 105.0 87.5 17.5 1,162 Share on

total 19.8% 5.3% 2.1% 1.0% 0.7% 28.9% 45.3% 1.4% 1.3% 16.9% 64.8% 6.2% 0.1% 0.0% 6.3% 100%

Published by Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU)

Ministry of Food Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

with technical and financial support by

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

monitoring report 2015 - ensuring food security for all...

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