Alex Alonso stre e tgangs.com

Most Notorious Gangs in Los Angeles, CaliforniaThe Highest Murders in LA County

Mark A. Bund yS h ippe nsburg Univ e rsityCapstone GIS Proje ctFall 2016

Alex Alonso stre e tgangs.com

Introduction:Im agine you are a youth m inority of anyrace or ethnicity. Im agine grow ing up inLos Angeles, California during tim eperiods (1960 – 1970’s). As a youth m inority,you feel com pletely separated from society,the life you started w ith has transitionedinto hum ane disgrace. Society is perceivedto turn its back against you. There is racialtension betw een social groups, racialviolence in public places, and countlesscivil right m ovem ents (strikes, boycotts, &sits ins) arise to affect socioeconom icregulations. As tim e passes on, the ethnic

subculture you are exposed to becom es intoa sub peer group bondage, alm ost as abrotherhood or sisterhood. The purpose ofthis sub group is to create isolation fromoutside enem ies, m urder outside enem ies,and show respect tow ard another by doinganything through force to protect the bondyou have created. Tw o fam ilies are nowpresent, the actual fam ily you started w ithand the sub group that protects you. Whichpath w ould you take to protect yourself,your fam ily, and your race?Welcom e to the creation of gangs in LosAngeles California.

Background:Th e d e finition of a gang d iffe rs inparticular aspe cts, ac c ord ing togov e rnme nt age nc ie s. In simple rte rms, a gang c onsists of thre e ormore me mbe rs wh o c ollaboratetoge th e r in a group wh o sharec ommon c haracte ristics to c lassifyth e mse lv e s. Th e h istorical be ginningof gang organizations is a c onsiste nttre nd and popularity in Los Ange le s,California. Blood s, Crips, MS13, LatinKings, He lls Ange ls and ArianBroth e rh ood are all wid e ly knowngangs that are subgroups wh o fe e lse parate d from soc ie ty. Eac horiginal found e r of e ac h gang, use sh is or h e r own c haracte ristic to

d istinguish one gang from anoth e r. Forinstanc e , a particular c olor, tore pre se nt te rritory. Th e mostsignific ant factor is te rritory. Te rritoryle ad s to c ontrol, with c ontrol d isc iplineis prod uc e d , with d isc ipline gangorganizations ac q uire gang bound arie s.Gang bound arie s is se c ond most-signific ant factor. Th e se bound arie sre pre se nt turf that cannot be crosse dfrom anoth e r gang organization. Th irdmost significant factor is loyalty, wh ic hre sults to e nforc ing any obligate dmission to satisfy th e gang. Obligate dmissions re sult to part I crime s,e spe c ially h omic id e or murd e r. Gangisolation in Los Ange le s c ountyprod uc e d e xpansiv e amount ofmurd e rs. A Soc ioe c onomic factor in

gang isolate d are as c orre late ane gativ e impact towardne ighborh ood s, sc h ools, and soc iallife . Howe v e r, prod uc e s an incre asein gang viole nc e and activity.

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Purpose:Th is proje c t pre se nts a spatiote mporal analysis of h ot-spot are as wh e re gang-re late d murd e rs and te rritorie s oc cur inLos Ange le s, California d uring th e ye ar 2012. Th e aud ie nc e will cumulate re asoning and inc orporate und e rstand ing wh ypov e rty le v e ls and e d ucational attainme nt pe rpe trate s h otspot are as. In th e e nd , aud ie nc e will suc c e ssfully inte rpre tth e proje c t re se arc h q ue stion: “W h ic h gang te rritorie s c ontain th e most gang-re late d murd e rs in Los Ange le s County,California and what soc ioe c onomic factor is c ontribute d , d uring th e ye ar 2012?”

Objectives:S e arch , e v aluate, and download data from data source prov id e rs to successfully com plete capstone proje ct (ArcGISOnline , LA County Gov e rnm e nt, S tre e t crim e gang data). Ind icate types of gang organizations in Los Ange le s California:Bloods, Crips, and S ure no. Classify eth nicity of gang organizations betwe e n African Am e rican and Hispanic. Dete rm inewh e re gang te rritorie s and gang-re late d m urd e rs occur in Los Ange le s, CA. Ind icate if data re v e als gang’s boundarie s andgang-re late d m urd e rs. Dete rm ine a socio-econom ic factor in Los Ange le s, th at pote ntially contributes to gang-re late dm urd e rs. Dete rm ine e ntity and e ntity class am ong ge ne ral and specific concepts. Entity class h igh ligh ts gang organizations,gang-re late d crim e s, gang bound arie s, Los Ange le s county, socio-econom ical factor. Entity, on th e oth e r h and h igh ligh tsBloods, Crips, and S ure nos, gang-re late d m urd e rs, bound arie s of Bloods, Crips, and S ure nos.Last, ind icate wh y pov e rtyle v e ls and particular type of e d ucational pe rpetrates h otspot areas in Los Ange le s county to answe r re se arch que stion

Hotspots of Gang Homicides in LA County

GANG_RELATEDYES = 105 COUNTS

GANG_MURDERS_INDICATED_KERNEL_DENSITIES_SQMILEValue

High : 1.59 GANG MURDER PER S QAURE MILE Low : 0 GANG MURDER PER S QAURE MILE

LA_COUNTY_CITY_POLYGON_PROJECTED

Me th od s & Data:First ste p in capstone proje c t involv e did e ntifying d ata sourc e provid e r fromme tad ata. Th e d ata sourc e provid e r,known as we b page map se rvic e . Th egang d ata points we re suc c e ssfullyre fe re nc e d and provid e d from profe ssorAle x Alonso. Ale x Alonso is a profe ssorat UCLA wh o stud ie s th e ory of gangorganizations using ge ograph icinformation software to e xplain gang’soc curre nc e . Se c ond , I proje cte d d ata toc hange original ge ograph ic c oord inatesyste m and proje c tion. In Arc map,original d ata launc h e d as GCS W GS 1984and W GS 1984 W e b Me rcator AuxiliarySph e re . I proje cte d th e following d ata toGCS N AD 1983 and N AD 1983 State PlaneCalifornia V FIPS 0405 Fe e t to ac curate lype rform analysis on gang murd e r points,

Los Ange le s (c ounty & c itie s) polygon,gang bound arie s (Blood s, Crips, &Sure no). Gang re late d and non-gangre late d murd e r points we re pre se nte d ine xact location, and with in e ac h gangbound ary be twe e n 88 c orporate anduninc orporate d c itie s in Los Ange le sc ounty. Th e gang bound arie s visiblyaligne d in-be twe e n and around e ac h ofth e 88 c itie s. Classifie d and symbolize dgang h omic id e be twe e n ye s and no. Ipe rforme d a se le ction by attribute s togath e r all gang re late d murd e rs c od e d asye s. Los Ange le s c ity and c itie ssurround ing around Los Ange le s c ity we rese parate d to se e full analysis. A ke rne ld e nsity was pe rforme d on gang murd e rpoints at 2000 me te rs pe r sq uare mile toind ic ate h ot spot are as wh e re gangmurd e rs oc cur in Los Ange le s c ounty. Th eke rne l d e nsity playe d an important role in

th is capstone proje c t. Th e function ofke rne l d e nsity to my und e rstand ing is tocalculate an ave rage magnitud e are a,base d on a particular position or point.Th e point can be raste r into sq .km, sq .mile s, or any unit that fits d e sire dpre fe re nc e . I originally pic ke d sq . fe e t toac q uire my value for my h ot spots, but Id id not und e rstand th e value s wh e n Istre tc h e d th e laye r. Pe r sq uare mile is afunction I und e rstood . Th e unit pe rsq uare mile e xplaine d to me that e v e rygang murd e r, wh ic h oc c urre d in aparticular popular bound ary, wascalculate d pe r sq uare mile base d off th ed e nsity of that particular point.

Conc lusion:Particular soc io e c onomic factors can play a c ontributing role tocause soc ial d e struction of ne ighborh ood s, sc h ools, and th ee nv ironme nt outsid e of Los Ange le s c ity. Are as d ire ctly outsid eof Los Ange le s c ity c ontinue to suffe r wh ile crime and gangviole nc e incre ase s. Hotspots and tre nd of gang viole nc ec ontinuously spre ad s along th e bord e rs of Los Ange le s c ity.Various ne ighborh ood s are h istorically and will always bepre se nt in Los Ange le s California. Eac h of th e c itie s c ontainbound arie s th e ov e rlay e ac h oth e r. Bound arie s inc lud e blood s,crips, and sure no wh ic h will inte rfe re with th e local public. Th eamount of crime is c omple te ly c e nte re d along th e bord e r of th e2nd large st most populous and d iv e rse c itie s in th e unite dstate s. A spatial analysis of th e h otspots ind icate s wh e re mostand le ast gang murd e rs oc curre d , in ad d ition ind ic ated iffe re nc e s in are as wh e re th e re is gov e rne d organization andrule .Th e re are multiple are as wh e re th e re are c orporate and

uninc orporate d are as. Human re sourc e spe c ialist at Los Ange le sgov e rnme nt board e xplaine d to me h ow uninc orporate d are asare are as with in th e mse lv e s ruine d by a local munic ipal,h owe v e r are provid e d by th e local c ounty gov e rnme nt. Th eare as wh e re th e re are multiple case s of gang inte ractions andh omic id e s, are th e same e xact are as wh e re gang organizationste nd want to ac h ie v e te rritory. Historically, be twe e n majorityand minority that has be e n always a c onflic t te nsion be twe e nrac e . Its almost as an invisible line that d raws th e d iffe re nc ebe twe e n th e poor and th e ric h. Th e poor will c ontinue tobe c ome poore r and th e ric h will c ontinue to be c ome ric h e r. Forinstanc e , th e soc io e c onomic factor applie d in capstone proje ctpre se nts th e id e a, gre ate r pe rc e ntage s in pov e rty pote ntiallycause s pe ople to ac q uire le ss e d ucation, ultimate ly th isincre ase s crime . Howe v e r, th e smalle r pe rc e ntage in pov e rtyallows pe ople in c itie s to obtain gre ate r e d ucation, ultimate lyre d uc e s crime . Compton has a murd e r rate of 42.7 pe rc e nt fromgang organizations. It d oe sn’t make se nse spatially thatCompton is right along th e bord e r of Los Ange le s and th e re is

Cite d Sourc e s:Gangland - Gang History – HISTORY.c om. (n.d .). Re trie v e d from http://www.h istory.c om/sh ows/gangland /artic le s/th e -gangsAbad insky, H. (2013). Blac k Organize d Crime . Organize d crime (pp. 73-79). Be lmont, CA: W ad sworth/Ce ngage Le arning.Alonso/Stre e t Gangs, A. (n.d .). Ale x A. Alonso Contact Information | Stre e tGangs.Com. Re trie v e d from http://www.stre e tgangs.c om/c ontacts/ale xalonsoESRI ArcGIS.Re trie v e d from http://www.arc gis.c omLos Ange le s County Gov e rme nt. (n.d .). LA County GIS Data Portal. Re trie v e d from http://e gis3.lac ounty.gov/d ataportal/

Table A. Inform ation and data analysis on GangHom icid e s and Location. Units pre se nte d innum e ric and pe rce nt form at.

Table B. S ocioeconom ic factors d iffe re ncesam ong citie s in LA County th at Pe rpetrate GangHom icid e . Units pre se nte d in pe rce nt.

Figure 1. Analysis of Los Ange le s County. Hotspot areas of gangm urd e r points. Citie s jurisd ictions. Los Ange le s City polygon

Figure 5. Analysis of socio econom ic factor: Pe rce nt of pov e rtyle v e ls and e d ucational attainm e nt le ss th an a h igh sch ool grad uate.