buneba

maia bliaZe rusudan axvlediani daviT kereseliZe

moswavlis wigni

moswavl

is wigni

5

moswavlis wigni

maswavleblis wigni

moswavlis wigni

maia bliaZe rusudan axvlediani daviT kereseliZe

maswavleblis wigni

moswavlis rveuli

moswavlis wigni

buneba

maia bliaZe rusudan axvlediani

moswavlis rveuli

5

gaecaniT Cvens saxelmZRvaneloebs internetiTac:

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fasi: 10.90 lari

buneba 5

5

bu

ne

ba

saxelmZRvanelo mexuTeklaselTaTvis

Seqmnilia axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT;

Tematur principze agebuli Tavebi Sedgenilia maRali gemovnebiT

SerCeuli teqstebiT;

saukeTesod Serwymulia erovnuli tradiciebi da uaxlesi

samecniero miRwevebi.

masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi

1. ra aris masala? 9

2-3. masalis SerCeva da gamoyeneba 11

4. xe, qviSa da Tixa 13

5. liTonebi da maTi gamoyeneba 17

6. ra aris mina? 21

7. qaRaldi da plastmasa 23

sxeuli da nivTiereba

8. sxeuli da nivTiereba 28

9. nivTierebis sami mdgomareoba 31

10-11. nivTierebis mdgomareobis cvlileba 35

12. wylis mniSvneloba bunebaSi 38

yvavilovani mcenareebi

13. mcenareTa mravalferovneba 42

14. mcenaris fesvi 44

15-17. mcenaris Rero 46

18. mcenaris sunTqva 49

19-20. mcenaris kveba 51

21. yvavili 53

22. yvavilis damtverva 56

orientireba

23. horizontis mxareebi 60

24. ra aris orientireba? 62

25. rogor gavignoT gza? 64

26-27. kompasi 67

28-29. gagneba adgilobrivi niSnebiT 71

Sinaarsi

1

2

3

4

6

7

gegma da ruka

30-31. adgilis gegma 74

32-33. ruka da rukis legenda 77

34. rogori rukebi arsebobs? 80

35. sad mdebareobs saqarTvelo? 83

36. saqarTvelos ruka 85

geografiuli obieqtebi

37. kontinentebi 87

38. okeaneebi 90

39. zRvebi, yureebi, sruteebi... 93

40. xmeleTi okeaneSi 96

41. evropa 99

42. azia 104

43. CrdiloeT amerika 109

44. samxreTi amerika 113

45. afrika 116

46. avstralia 120

47-48. antarqtida 123

cxovelebi

49. cxovelebis mravalferovneba 127

50. uxerxemlo cxovelebi 129

51. xerxemliani cxovelebi 131

52. ConCxis mniSvneloba 133

53. rogor sunTqaven xerxemlianebi? 136

54. ra amoZravebs sisxls? 140

55. saWmlis moneleba 142

5

8

9

orientireba

56. sinaTlis gavrceleba 145

57-59. Crdili 147

60-61. sinaTlis arekvla 150

62. sinaTlis gardatexa 153

63. bgerebis warmoqmna 156

64. BGEbgerebis gavrceleba 158

65. BGEbgeris arekvla 160

66. BGEeqos gamoyeneba 163

67. BGEbgerebis STanTqma 165

68. BGEbgera da sinaTle 167

janmrTeloba

69. pirveli daxmarebis tramvebis dros 170

70. msubuqi Wrilobebi 172

71. sisxldenebi 174

72. pirveladi daxmareba travmebis dros 178

73. janmrTeloba da garemo 181

sinaTle da bgera

74-75. usafrTxo laSqroba 184

75. yvela wyali sasmelad ar gamodgeba! 187

76. Sxamiani mcenareebi da sokoebi 188

77. gamoiCine sifrTxile cxovelebTan... 191

garemos dacva

78. ra aris bunebrivi resursebi? 194

79. rogori bunebrivi resursebi arsebobs? 196

80. amouwuravi bunebrivi resursebi 198

81. aRudgeneli bunebrivi resursebi 200

82-83. tyis resursebi 204

84. wylis resursebi 206

85-87. bunebrivi resursebis meoreuli gamoyeneba 210

6

10

11

leqsikoni 212

danarTi

danarTi 1 218

danarTi 2 220

danarTi 3 221

danarTi 3a 222

danarTi 4 223

danarTi 5 224

gaixsene

dakvirveba

ifiqre

!

daimaxsovre

logoebis ganmartebebi

gaixsene naswavli masala

praqtikuli samuSao

SedarebiT rTuli, saazrovno kiTxvebi

ZiriTadi debulebebi

usafrTxoebis wesebis dacva

damatebiTi informacia TemasTan dakavSirebiT

yvela weriTi samuSao SeasruleT rveulSi.

es sainteresoa

7

1Tavi

Seityob:

SeZleb:

masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi

rogori masalebi arsebobs;

rogor iyenebs adamiani liTons, xes, navTobs, qviSas...

rogor mzaddeba qaRaldi, plastmasa...

ratom iyeneben sxvadasxva sxeulis dasamzadeblad sxvadasxva masalas.

ganasxvavo bunebrivi da xelovnuri masalebi;

cdebis safuZvelze daadgino, ra TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba sxvadasxva masala;

SearCio masala sxeulis dasamzadeblad.

matyls cxvris bewvisgan iReben. mas tansacmlis, xaliCebis dasamzadeblad iyeneben.

bambas bambis buCqisgan iReben. misgan Zafs arTaven, bambis qsovilebs amzadeben da tansacmels keraven.

1.daakvirdi suraTze

gamosaxul sxeulebs da

daadgine, ra masalisgan

aris TiToeuli maTgani

damzadebuli?

1. ra aris masala?

Cven irgvliv arsebuli yvela sagani sxeulia. isini raRac masalisgan aris damzadebuli. Seni wigni, merxi, tansacmeli, saTamaSo, manqana, saxli, skola, matarebeli da sxva yvelaferi masalisganaa damzadebuli.

zogierT masalas adamiani bunebisgan iRebs. maT bunebrivi masala hqvia, magaliTad, matyli, tyavi da abreSumi cxovelebisgan miiReba; xe-tye, bamba, seli da kauCuki – mcenareebisgan; rkina, oqro, Tixa, qvanaxSiri da navTobi ki miwis wiaRSi moipoveba.

2.Seixede Sens garderobSi da daadgine, Seni

tansacmlidan romelia damzadebuli cxoveluri

masalisgan da romeli – mcenareuli masalisgan?

savarjiSo

savarjiSo

masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi 9

Cven adamianis mier Seqmnil masalasac viyenebT. maT xelovnuri masalebi hqvia. xelovnuri masalis dasamzadeblad sxvadasxva bunebriv masalas anu nedleuls iyeneben. adamianis mieraa Seqmnili mina, plastmasa, qaRaldi, betoni da mravali sxva. magaliTad, plastmasebis umetesobas navTobisgan amzadeben. am SemTxvevaSi navTobi nedleulia.

zogjer xelovnur masalas bunebrivi masalis Sesacvlelad iyeneben.

5.Seadare erTmaneTs sityvaTa ori rigi da daadgine, ra niSniT aris dajgufebuli

6.daadgine, ra masalisgan SeiZleba

iyos damzadebuli TiToeuli

sxeuli?

7.CamoTvlili sxeulebidan

amowere mxolod bunebrivi

masalisgan damzadebuli sxeulebi.

CamoTvale is xelovnuri masalebi,

romlebiTac SesaZlebelia maTi

damzadeba.

8.daadgine Sens saklaso oTaxSi

arsebuli sxeulebi ra masalisganaa

damzadebuli, gadaixaze da Seavse

cxrili:

bunebrivi masala xelovnuri masala

3.ra gansxvavebaa bunebriv da

xelovnur masalas Soris?

4.daadgine, suraTze naCvenebi

sxeulebidan romelia

damzadebuli bunebrivi da

romeli – xelovnuri masalisgan?

savarjiSoebi

sarke

Wiqa

makrateli

fanqari

tafa

karikaris saxeluri

saxazavi

xaliCamanqanis saburavi

qaRaldi

rezini plastmasa

betoniwyali tyavibamba

xe qvamatyli

plastmasis saTamaSo

minis Wiqa

xis skami

bambis maisuri

rezinis burTi

oqros beWedi

Salis winda

tyavis fexsacmeli

Tavi 110

savarjiSoebi

2-3. masalis SerCeva da gamoyeneba

masala masalavercxlis

1.daakvirdi sqemebs da Seadare isini erTmaneTs.

Seni azriT, kidev romeli sxeulebi SeiZleba

damzaddes erTi da imave masalisgan da romeli

masala SeiZleba gamoiyeno sxvadasxva sxeulis

dasamzadeblad?

oqr

os

xis

xis

xis xis

kibe

zogjer, erTsa da imave sxeuls sxvadasxva masalisgan amzadeben, zogjer ki erTi masalisgan sxvadasxva sxeuli mzaddeba. sxeulis damzadebisas aucilebelia masalebis sworad SerCeva. masalas sxeulis daniSnulebisa da gamoyenebis mixedviT arCeven.

mSeneblobaSi qvas, betonsa da rkinas iyeneben, radgan es masalebi magari da mtkicea. Seni saklaso oTaxis fanjrebSi minaa Casmuli imitom, rom mina gamWvirvalea da mzis siTbosa da sinaTles atarebs.

skami

kovzi kovzi

kovzi

magida

s x e u l i

s x e u l i

fexsacmels, ZiriTadad, tyavis an rezinisgan amzadeben, radgan es orive masala gamZlea.2.am sxeulebis dasamzadeblad sxvadasxva masalaa

gamoyenebuli.

a) daadgine, ra masalisganaa damzadebuli TiToeuli maTgani? b) rogor fiqrob, ratom gamoiyenes maT dasamzadeblad swored es masala? g) SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom es sxeulebi sxva masalisgan yofiliyo damzadebuli? axseni ratom?

3.Seni azriT, romeli fexsacmeli

ufro mosaxerxebelia, xis Tu

rezinis? ratom fiqrob ase?

savarjiSo

masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi 11

savarjiSoebi

4.ra gansxvavebaa masalasa da sxeuls Soris?

5.rogor fiqrob:

a) ratom amzadeben botebs rezinisgan? b) ratom ar keraven sacurao kostiums Salis qsovilisgan?

6.daakvirdi suraTebs da daadgine, am sxulebisTvis sworad aris Tu ara masala

SerCeuli? rogor fiqrob, ra moxdeboda, es sxeulebi marTlac rom am masalisgan

daemzadebinaT?

qaRaldis kariaguris sarke minis skamiqvis leibi

7.daxate velosipedi da mis TiToeul nawils miuwere, ra masalisgan daamzadebdi.

axseni, ratom gamoiyenebdi am masalas?

8.daakvirdi suraTs:

a) daadgine, riT gansxvavdeba es xelTaTmanebi erTmaneTisgan; b) amoiwere isini, romlebic bunebrivi masalisgan aris damzadebuli; g) ra SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba TiToeuli maTgani?

Salis

celofnis tyavis

naWrisrezinis

Tavi 112

savarjiSoebi

dedamiwis mosaxleobis naxevarze meti dResac xis saxlebSi cxovrobs.

1.daakvirdi naxatebs. rogor fiqrob, ratom SearCies

am sxeulebis dasamzadeblad xis masala?

xisgan mraval saojaxo nivTs amzadeben.

4. xe, qviSa da Tixa

xe, qviSa da Tixa bunebrivi masalaa.

adamiani xes, rogorc masalas, uZvelesi droidan iyenebs. igi aSenebs saxlebs, navebs, amzadebs avejs, Tbeba SeSiT. xis gadamuSavebis Sedegad qaRalds, muyaos, foto da kino firebs, saRebavs, qsovils da a. S. amzadebs.

xis masalis gamoyenebisas didi yuradReba eqceva xis saxeobas. magaliTad, fiWvis, soWisa da naZvis xeebisgan miRebuli masala SedarebiT rbilia, advilad iWreba da muSavdeba. muxa da aryis xe gamZlea, amitom maT mSeneblobaSi da avejis dasamzadeblad iyeneben.

es sainteresoa!

masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi 13

savarjiSoebi

daakvirdi suraTebs da aRwere, rogor gadaiqca xe samSeneblo masalad? xis masalas didi raodenobiT iyenebs adamiani, amitom

dedamiwaze sul ufro mcirdeba tyeebis farTobi. xis masalis dazogvis mizniT adamiani qmnis mis Semcvlel xelovnur masalebs, magaliTad, plastmasas.

2.mimoixede saklaso oTaxSi da daadgine:

a) romeli sxeulebia damzadebuli xisgan? b) ratom gamoiyenes maT dasamzadeblad xis masala? g) SeiZleba Tu ara imave sxeulebis damzadeba sxva masaliT? d) CamoTvale es masalebi.

3.gamoarkvie, ra aris Sens saxlSi xisgan damzadebuli. ufrosebis daxmarebiT

daadgine, romeli xisgan aris es sxeulebi damzadebuli da ratom iqna

SerCeuli xis es saxeoba?

4.rukis gamoyenebiT daadgine, romel kontinentze rogori tyeebia

gavrcelebuli da Seavse cxrili:

wiwvovani tyefoTlovani tyetropikuli tye

kontinentiwiwvovani

tye

foTlovani

tye

tropikuli

tye

Tavi 114

qviSa sxvadasxva zomis marcvlebisgan, nawilakebisgan Sedgeba. es nawilakebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli ar aris da amitom qviSa fxvieria. zogjer qviSas Zlieri qari aitacebs xolme da erTi adgilidan meoreze gadaaqvs. qviSa wyals ar akavebs, amitom is wyalgamtaria.

Tixac wvrili, magram erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli nawilakebisgan Sedgeba. igi, qviSisgan gansxvavebiT, fxvieri ar aris. Tixa wyalgaumtaria.

qviSa kargi samSeneblo masa­laa. mas xSirad cements umateben da miRebuli masa­liT mSeneblobisas agurebsa da qvebs erTmaneTze `awebe­ben~. qviSa minis dasamzadeb­ladac gamoiyeneba.

mzis, qarisa da wylis moqmede­bis Sedegad qanebi iSleba da qviSa da Tixa warmoiqmneba. qviSa da Tixa dedamiwaze far­Tod gavrcelebuli sasargeb­lo wiaRiseulia.

bunebriv simdidres, romelsac adamiani miwis wiaRidan an misi zedapiridan moipovebs, sasargeblo wiaRiseuli hqvia, im adgils ki, sadac wiaRiseuli moipoveba – sabado.

es sainteresoa!

qviSa bunebaSi bevrganaa, gansakuTrebiT ki zRvebisa da mdinareebis sanapiroebze da udabnoebSi.

gaixsene

albaT giTamaSia qviSaSi. gaixsene, ra figurebs amzadebdi sveli qviSisgan. ramdenad myarad da didxans inaxeboda Seni naxelavi?

masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi 15

Tixisgan WurWels amzadeben. xelobas, romelic Tixis damuSavebasTan aris dakavSirebuli, meTuneoba hqvia, xolo Tixisgan damzadebul WurWels – keramika.

savarjiSoebi

5.Tixis romel Tvisebas iyenebs adamiani WurWlis

dasamzadeblad? ratom ar iyenebs igi am mizniT

qviSas?

6.daadgine, moipoveba Tu ara Sens sacxovrebel

adgilTan axlos qviSa da Tixa? rogor iyeneben mas?

7.Seadare erTmaneTs qviSisa da Tixis Tvisebebi,

daadgine maT Soris msgavseba-gansxvaveba,

gadaixaze sqema da Seavse:

Caatare cda

saWiro masala: qviSa, Tixa, wyali, 2 cali Tasi.

msvleloba:

zz aiRe Tanabari raodenobiT qviSa da Tixa da TasebSi Cayare.

zz TiToeuls daasxi wyali, mozile da Seni fantaziiT sxvadasxva figura gamoZerwe.

zz daawyve Tixis da qviSis figurebi mzeze gasaSrobad.

zz daakvirdi, romeli ufro male gamagrda. rogor fiqrob, ratom?

zz Semdeg, xelis daWeriT Seecade daSalo es figurebi. romeli ufro advilad

daiSala? ratom?

mSrali Tixa myifea da dartymisas advilad imsxvreva, sveli Tixa ki plastiliniviT moqnili da webovania. misgan mravali sagnis gamoZerwva SeiZleba. Tixisgan damzadebul nakeTobas gaxurebul RumelSi aTavseben, ris Sedegad igi qvasaviT magrdeba.

qviSa da Tixa erTmaneTisgan feriTac gansxvavdeba. qviSa ufro xSirad moyviTaloa, zogjer ki – monacrisfro. Tixa, ZiriTadad, yavisferia, zogjer ki – TeTri, momwvano an mowiTalo.

Tixa msgavseba qviSa

rogor fiqrob, ratom aris wvimis Semdeg Tixian adgilebSi siaruli Zneli?

ifiqre

... ... ...

Tavi 116

5. liTonebi da maTi gamoyeneba

liTonebi bunebrivi masalaa. liTonebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba, magram maT saerTo Tvisebebic aqvT. erT-erTi gansxvaveba isaa, rom yvela liTons aqvs damaxasiaTebeli feri da Taviseburi bzinvareba. zogierTi liToni kargad atarebs eleqtrul dens. amitom maT eleqtrogadamcemi mavTulebis dasamzadeblad iyeneben.

liTonebs, romelTa formis Secvla dartymiT SeiZleba, Wedadi hqvia. zogierTi liToni civ mdgomareobaSi iWedeba, Tumca umravlesobas gaxureba sWirdeba. amitom Cven SegviZlia liTonebs sxvadasxva forma mivceT da maTgan mravali sxeuli davamzadoT.

zogierTi liTonis Tvisebebi:

msubuqi da mtkice

alumini

mowiTalo­moyviTalo, siTbosa da eleqtrobis kargi gamtari

spilenZi

bevri liToni haerze iJangeba. Tu maT specialur zumfaris qaRalds gausvam, is isev daiwyebs bzinvasa da prials. rom ar daiJangos, liTonis nakeTobebs laq­saRebavebiT faraven.

mbzinavi, yviTeli, ar iJangeba, eleqtrobis kargi gamtari.

oqro

rkina nacrisferi, Wedadi, advilad magnitdeba.

mZime, formas advilad icvlis, ar iJangeba, momwamlavi.

mkrTali, mbrwyinavi, eleqtrobis da siTbos Zalian kargi gamtari, mZime.

vercxli tyvia

1.CamoTvale Sen irgvliv

arsebuli sxeulebi,

romlebic sxvadasxva

liTonisgan aris

damzadebuli.

savarjiSo

masalebi da maTi Tvisebebi 17

savarjiSoebi

sxvadasxva liToni sxvadasxva temperaturaze lRveba, magaliTad, tyvia da kala SedarebiT dabal temperaturaze lRveba, amitom maTi dadnoba samzareulos gazquris alzec aris SesaZlebeli. rkinis madnis dadnoba mxolod specialur RumelSi SeiZleba, sadac Zalian maRali temperaturaa.

damdnari liTonebi advilad ereva erTmaneTs da Senadnobi warmoiqmneba. Senadnobi misi Semadgeneli liTonebis Tvisebebs aerTianebs, magaliTad, simtkicesa da simsubuqes.

dedamiwaze bunebrivi saxiT 65 saxeobis liToni arsebobs, Tumca maTgan mxolod 20 gamoiyeneba.liTonebi – oqro, vercxli da platina iSviaTad kargaven bzinvarebas, amitom maT keTilSobil liTonebs uwodeben. uZveles dros damzadebuli oqros nivTebi dResac axaliviT bzinavs.yvela liToni myaria, garda vercxliswylisa. is erTaderTi Txevadi liTonia.

2.CamoTvale, romel liTonebs icnob?

3.romel liTons iyeneben eleqtrosadenebis dasamzadeblad?

4.kbilis dazianebis SemTxvevaSi adamianebi zogjer oqros an vercxlis kbilebs

isvamen, ratom?

5.ratom amzadeben TviTmfrinavebs aluminisgan?

6.romel xelsawyoSi iyeneben vercxliswyals?

7.rogor miiReba Senadnobi?

8.es sxeulebi sxvadasxva liTonisganaa damzadebuli:

a) Seecade daadgino, romeli liToni gamoiyenes maT dasamzadeblad. b) axseni, ratom daamzades isini am liTonebisgan?

es sainteresoa!

Tavi 118