MOTHERBOARD

holds the holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. or indirectly to every part of the PC.

include a small block of include a small block of ROM..

The ROM contains the PC’s BIOS.The ROM contains the PC’s BIOS.

MOTHERBOARD

BUSA bus is a channel over which informationflows.

The wider the bus, the more information can flow over the channel, much as a wider highway can carry more cars than a narrow one.

The original ISA bus on the IBM PC was 8 bits wide.

The universal ISA bus used now is 16 bits.

BUS

The memory and processor buses on Pentium and higher PCs are 64 bits wide.

The other I/O buses (including PCI)are 32 bits wide.

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

is a computer bus standard is a computer bus standard for for attaching peripheral devices to a computer to a computer motherboard.motherboard.

MOTHERBOARD

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)

is a bus standard for IBM is a bus standard for IBM compatibles that extends the XT compatibles that extends the XT bus architecture to 16 bits. It is bus architecture to 16 bits. It is designed to designed to connect peripheral cards to the motherboard. to the motherboard.

MOTHERBOARD

The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

is a high-speed computer bus is a high-speed computer bus standard for attaching peripheral standard for attaching peripheral devices to a computer devices to a computer motherboard, dedicated primarily motherboard, dedicated primarily to assist in the to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. .

MOTHERBOARD

CPU

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU completes a set of four

basic operations:Fetches an instruction Decodes the instruction Executes the instruction Stores the results

Control Center of the Computer

The Brains of the Computer –

interprets and issues instructions

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

is a component of the CPU which performs arithmetic, comparisons, and logical operations.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

What does this mean?

32-bit Pentium processor with 128 megabytes of RAM and 40 gigabytes of hard disk space.

•0 0 (OFF OFF) = Decimal 0 •0 1 (OFF ON) = Decimal 1 •1 0 (ON OFF) = Decimal 2 •1 1 (ON ON) = Decimal 3

Electronic circuits can exist in only one of two states: ON or OFF.

BINARY WORLD

Binary-coded decimal

Binary coded decimal (BCD) is a numeral system used in computer memory. In BCD, numbers are represented as decimal digits, and each digit is represented by four bits:

Digit Bits Digit Bits 0 0000 5 0101 1 0001 6 0110 2 0010 7 0111 3 0011 8 1000 4 0100 9 1001

4-bit (Nibble)

8-bit (Byte)

16-bit Sample

24 = 16

28 = 256

216 = 65536

Term Abbrev Approx. Memory

Size

Exact Memory Amount

Approx.

# of Pages of Text

Kilo

byte

KB

or K

1 thousand bytes

1024

bytes

50

Megabyte

MG 1 million bytes

1048576

Bytes (million)

50,000

Giga

byte

GB 1 billion bytes

1073741824 bytes

(billion)

50,000,000

Tera

byte

TB 1 trillion bytes

1099511627776 bytes

(trillion)

50,000,000,000

AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION

INTERCHANGE

ASCII is a seven-bit code

it uses the integers representable with seven binary digits

(a range of 0 to 127 decimal) to represent information.

i.e. 0000000 to 1111111

Decimal 

 Binary Representation 0   0

1   12   103   114   1005   1016   1107   1118   10009   1001

10   101011   101112   110013   110114   111015   1111

14/2

7/2

3/2

1*23 =

+ 1*22 =

+ 1*21 =

+ 0*20 =

7

3

0

1

11

8

4

2

014

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01001000011010010010000001001001001000000110000101101101001000000100000101010011010000110100100101001001