A COMPREHENSIVEGUIDETO CARE FORYOUR KIDS

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DENGUESYMPTOMS INBABIES

HOW DOESORALREHYDRATION WORK?

YOURNEWBORN:DO’SAND DON’TS

HOW TO PREVENT YOUR CHILDFROM SUMMER RASHES

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BlissfulMOTHERHOOD

Dr. Rajendra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

Gastroenterologist,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Skin is the largest organ of our body. It is a protective barrier to the external world for our body. It protects our body from external environment through physical, chemical and immunological barrier function. Skin also has hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands and nails as appendages which also give protection against heat and trauma. Skin of newborns and children is very sensitive and predisposed to many problems as compared to adults.

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Skin ProblemsChildren Deal With

COMMON SKIN ISSUES:Few common issues related to children skin, which at times are a major concern for the parents are :

Diaper RashAll kids suffer at least once in their lifetime from diaper rash. It is more common in newborns and after they have diarrhoea. It is because of irritation caused by fecal matter and urine. Its management includes keeping the area clean, dry and exposed to air. It should be cleaned with soft cloth and lukewarm water and pat dry. Avoid overusing of water/wipes. Barrier cream containing zinc oxide should be applied to prevent further irritation of surrounding areas. Consult your doctor in need of medicated creams.

It is a greasy scaly deposit on scalp commonly seen in newborns or in early infancy.  In severe cases it may spread to face umbilicus and diaper area. It usually needs only proper head wash with non medicated shampoo and emollients. In severe cases antifungal and/or steroid creams may be required.

Cradle Cap

It is usually diagnosed by its rounded itchy areas with raised borders. It usually responds to antifungal cream for 2-4 weeks time.

Fungal infection

It can be of many types, like areas of redness, raised itchy wheals, pin pointed lesions, fluid filled blisters, bulla, desquamation. It has varied etiology. Commonly it is the result of viral infections like Measles, Rubella, Chickenpox and others. Next common cause is allergic reaction to drugs. Whatever is the cause, you have to consult pediatrician because at times it can be manifestation of severe allergic reactions/infection like stevens-johnson syndrome or staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome which if not treated, can be life threatening.

Generalised Skin Rash

Skin lesions are itchy, red and papular, usually involves face and outer surface of limbs in infancy. It is more common in 1st year of life. History of similar illness in family is also there. It’s management includes hydration and moisturization of skin and steroid creams under supervision of your doctor.

Atopic Dermatitis /Allergic Skin

Dr. Rajendra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

Gastroenterologist,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Skin is the largest organ of our body. It is a protective barrier to the external world for our body. It protects our body from external environment through physical, chemical and immunological barrier function. Skin also has hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands and nails as appendages which also give protection against heat and trauma. Skin of newborns and children is very sensitive and predisposed to many problems as compared to adults.

5 C

OM

MO

N

Skin ProblemsChildren Deal With

COMMON SKIN ISSUES:Few common issues related to children skin, which at times are a major concern for the parents are :

Diaper RashAll kids suffer at least once in their lifetime from diaper rash. It is more common in newborns and after they have diarrhoea. It is because of irritation caused by fecal matter and urine. Its management includes keeping the area clean, dry and exposed to air. It should be cleaned with soft cloth and lukewarm water and pat dry. Avoid overusing of water/wipes. Barrier cream containing zinc oxide should be applied to prevent further irritation of surrounding areas. Consult your doctor in need of medicated creams.

It is a greasy scaly deposit on scalp commonly seen in newborns or in early infancy.  In severe cases it may spread to face umbilicus and diaper area. It usually needs only proper head wash with non medicated shampoo and emollients. In severe cases antifungal and/or steroid creams may be required.

Cradle Cap

It is usually diagnosed by its rounded itchy areas with raised borders. It usually responds to antifungal cream for 2-4 weeks time.

Fungal infection

It can be of many types, like areas of redness, raised itchy wheals, pin pointed lesions, fluid filled blisters, bulla, desquamation. It has varied etiology. Commonly it is the result of viral infections like Measles, Rubella, Chickenpox and others. Next common cause is allergic reaction to drugs. Whatever is the cause, you have to consult pediatrician because at times it can be manifestation of severe allergic reactions/infection like stevens-johnson syndrome or staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome which if not treated, can be life threatening.

Generalised Skin Rash

Skin lesions are itchy, red and papular, usually involves face and outer surface of limbs in infancy. It is more common in 1st year of life. History of similar illness in family is also there. It’s management includes hydration and moisturization of skin and steroid creams under supervision of your doctor.

Atopic Dermatitis /Allergic Skin

Dr. Rajendra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

Gastroenterologist,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Allergy is a state of increased reactivity to the common substances that do not cause any reactions in nonallergic person. A substance to which a person is hyper responsive is known as an allergen. Allergens can be any substance (known as antigen) present in environment or food. On exposure to antigen a sensitive person produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) that trigger the illness and so the symptoms. Any organ like skin, lungs, intestine etc could be the target organ for allergic manifestations. Child will develop symptoms according to the organ, which is the target for that particular allergen. If the child has a skin allergy, on exposure to allergens he will develop rash, wheals on skin and itching. If the lungs are involved child may present with asthma. If gut is the target, child may present with pain abdomen, vomiting and diarrhoea. Allergic diseases may also manifest as runny nose, stuffy nose or sinusitis if upper airway is the target.

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Of Allergies andAsthma in Children

Allergens that may be causing asthma or other respiratory issues

Common allergens in surroundings are:Indoor allergens: Animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, molds

Seasonal aeroallergens: Pollen (trees, grass, weeds), seasonal molds

Air pollutants: Tobacco smoke, coal/wood burning smoke, vehicle

pollution, dust, odours/fumes: perfumes, cleaning agents, hairsprays

Occupational exposure: Farm/bran exposure, paint fumes

An allergy is caused by the genetic inheritance of hyper responsiveness to the allergens. Allergy/asthma manifests as symptoms only when baby is exposed to allergens. Genetic predisposition cannot be changed, so the best way to prevent allergy is to identify and avoid allergens. Parents can identify the triggering allergens for their kids by being vigilant about the circumstances in which they develop symptoms. E.g they may notice child to be symptomatic in particular season, or when in close proximity of pets or after intake of some food like egg, chicken, etc. The second way to find allergens is the various lab tests (blood test or skin prick test). At times even with the help of diagnostic tests we may not be able to identify the responsible allergen. Common steps which we can take to avoid allergens are: keep soft toys to be minimal, light bed sheets and curtains that can be washed frequently, no carpets on floor, keep pets outside the living rooms, cleaning of coolers and air conditioners before use in any season. So minimise the sources that can cause allergy to keep your kids healthy.

How and why is an allergy caused?

test or skin prick test). At times even with the help of diagnostic

soft toys to be minimal, light bed sheets and curtains that can be

living rooms, cleaning of coolers and air conditioners before use in any season. So minimise the sources that can cause allergy to

Dr. Rajendra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

Gastroenterologist,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Allergy is a state of increased reactivity to the common substances that do not cause any reactions in nonallergic person. A substance to which a person is hyper responsive is known as an allergen. Allergens can be any substance (known as antigen) present in environment or food. On exposure to antigen a sensitive person produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) that trigger the illness and so the symptoms. Any organ like skin, lungs, intestine etc could be the target organ for allergic manifestations. Child will develop symptoms according to the organ, which is the target for that particular allergen. If the child has a skin allergy, on exposure to allergens he will develop rash, wheals on skin and itching. If the lungs are involved child may present with asthma. If gut is the target, child may present with pain abdomen, vomiting and diarrhoea. Allergic diseases may also manifest as runny nose, stuffy nose or sinusitis if upper airway is the target.

PR

EV

EN

TIO

N

Of Allergies andAsthma in Children

Allergens that may be causing asthma or other respiratory issues

Common allergens in surroundings are:Indoor allergens: Animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, molds

Seasonal aeroallergens: Pollen (trees, grass, weeds), seasonal molds

Air pollutants: Tobacco smoke, coal/wood burning smoke, vehicle

pollution, dust, odours/fumes: perfumes, cleaning agents, hairsprays

Occupational exposure: Farm/bran exposure, paint fumes

An allergy is caused by the genetic inheritance of hyper responsiveness to the allergens. Allergy/asthma manifests as symptoms only when baby is exposed to allergens. Genetic predisposition cannot be changed, so the best way to prevent allergy is to identify and avoid allergens. Parents can identify the triggering allergens for their kids by being vigilant about the circumstances in which they develop symptoms. E.g they may notice child to be symptomatic in particular season, or when in close proximity of pets or after intake of some food like egg, chicken, etc. The second way to find allergens is the various lab tests (blood test or skin prick test). At times even with the help of diagnostic tests we may not be able to identify the responsible allergen. Common steps which we can take to avoid allergens are: keep soft toys to be minimal, light bed sheets and curtains that can be washed frequently, no carpets on floor, keep pets outside the living rooms, cleaning of coolers and air conditioners before use in any season. So minimise the sources that can cause allergy to keep your kids healthy.

How and why is an allergy caused?

test or skin prick test). At times even with the help of diagnostic

soft toys to be minimal, light bed sheets and curtains that can be

living rooms, cleaning of coolers and air conditioners before use in any season. So minimise the sources that can cause allergy to

A newborn is the most awaited new member to the family. His/her birth is a moment of joy and excitement for all. Everybody wants to see the baby and wish for his or her good health and future. Newborns are tiny creatures of God and are new to this world. A mother has protected the baby for nine months in her womb, and it is now in the open environment and at risk because of the immature immune system and body organs. So we have to take special precautions in the initial few weeks to give a protective atmosphere to the newborn and help the baby transition smoothly so that he or she can adapt to the outer world. A father has also important contributions in taking care of the child and mother.

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant-Neonatology,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Most important in the care of a newborn is to provide clean environment to protect from infections.

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NewbornDO’S AND DON’TS FOR THE FIRST FEW WEEKS

Best gift for the newborn is breast feeding. Breast feeding is the first vaccination for the child. It not only gives nutrition but also protects the child from infections and chronic diseases, including asthma and cancers. A father needs to cooperate with the mother in baby care so that she can have rest and be awake even during the night to maintain exclusive breast feeding the whole day.

BreastfeedingDo’s during breastfeeding

Mother should clean her breast before feeding.Feed child on both breasts alternatively.On demand feeding should be done.

HygieneDo’s in ensuring hygiene

Hand wash before touching the baby. Change clothes daily.Bathing or sponge the baby daily.Use clean clothes for wrapping.Immediately changing of diapers once soiled with stools.Change diapers frequently every 2-3 hours (also in night).Clean the surroundings with wet mop.The mother also needs to keep herself clean, so daily bathing is must for her.

Don’ts in ensuring hygieneDon’t use baby soap or shampoos for bathing, before 1 month of age.

Don’t allow visitors in mother and child’s room in the initial weeks.

Don’t allow any persons with cough/cold/any infections to touch the baby.

Don’t keep soft toys and carpets in rooms.

VaccinationVaccination starts at birth. So never forget to ask about vaccination before discharge.

A father can also help the

mother in managing the daily

needs of the child like making

the baby sleep, baby massaging

and diaper change etc. This

will also strengthen bonding

between the father and baby.

YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS ARE IMPORTANT

Don’ts during breastfeedingDon’t discard the first milk of child.Don’t introduce cow’s milk before one year of age.Don’t give ghutti/gripe water/honey.

A newborn is the most awaited new member to the family. His/her birth is a moment of joy and excitement for all. Everybody wants to see the baby and wish for his or her good health and future. Newborns are tiny creatures of God and are new to this world. A mother has protected the baby for nine months in her womb, and it is now in the open environment and at risk because of the immature immune system and body organs. So we have to take special precautions in the initial few weeks to give a protective atmosphere to the newborn and help the baby transition smoothly so that he or she can adapt to the outer world. A father has also important contributions in taking care of the child and mother.

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant-Neonatology,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Most important in the care of a newborn is to provide clean environment to protect from infections.

YO

UR

NewbornDO’S AND DON’TS FOR THE FIRST FEW WEEKS

Best gift for the newborn is breast feeding. Breast feeding is the first vaccination for the child. It not only gives nutrition but also protects the child from infections and chronic diseases, including asthma and cancers. A father needs to cooperate with the mother in baby care so that she can have rest and be awake even during the night to maintain exclusive breast feeding the whole day.

BreastfeedingDo’s during breastfeeding

Mother should clean her breast before feeding.Feed child on both breasts alternatively.On demand feeding should be done.

HygieneDo’s in ensuring hygiene

Hand wash before touching the baby. Change clothes daily.Bathing or sponge the baby daily.Use clean clothes for wrapping.Immediately changing of diapers once soiled with stools.Change diapers frequently every 2-3 hours (also in night).Clean the surroundings with wet mop.The mother also needs to keep herself clean, so daily bathing is must for her.

Don’ts in ensuring hygieneDon’t use baby soap or shampoos for bathing, before 1 month of age.

Don’t allow visitors in mother and child’s room in the initial weeks.

Don’t allow any persons with cough/cold/any infections to touch the baby.

Don’t keep soft toys and carpets in rooms.

VaccinationVaccination starts at birth. So never forget to ask about vaccination before discharge.

A father can also help the

mother in managing the daily

needs of the child like making

the baby sleep, baby massaging

and diaper change etc. This

will also strengthen bonding

between the father and baby.

YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS ARE IMPORTANT

Don’ts during breastfeedingDon’t discard the first milk of child.Don’t introduce cow’s milk before one year of age.Don’t give ghutti/gripe water/honey.

Dr. Rajendra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

Gastroenterologist,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

DO’S AND DON’TS FOR THE FIRST FEW WEEKS

Prevent Your Child

From Summer RashesSummer is usually the most awaited season for children. All kids wait for their favourite summers or you can say summer vacations. All are excited, they are not bothered about the heat outside, what they want to do is to play and play the whole day. Heat can’t stop them from moving out, but we have to prevent them from the harmful effects of this hot weather.

Most troubling in the hot and humid weather is the itchy rash or prickly heat. It is also known as sweat rash, and in medical terms is called miliaria rubra. Children are more prone to prickly heat as compared to adults. This rash can happen even in winters, because of heat and humidity. The rash is more common in the neck, shoulder and the chest areas. Folds of the skin and places where your clothing rubs your skin are also the areas where prickly heat might occur. It can easily be identified at home. The rash is usually red or the inflamed areas of skin have small blisters. It is also associated with intense itching and irritation.

TREATMENT FOR THE SUMMER RASHIf the child develops a rash, usually it is self-limiting, it can subside on its own and may not need any treatment.If the child feels itching or irritation, you can use calamine lotion for a soothing effect.At time mild steroid creams may be required, but only with consult of a paediatrician.

If the child has a fever with any kind of rash, do consult paediatricians, they can be signs of an infection. So take precautions and let the kids enjoy their summer vacations.

HOW TO PREVENT SUMMER RASH?Avoid situation causing heavy perspiration like playing in sun between 10 AM to 4 PM.Wear loose cotton clothes.Change undergarments and sweaty clothes after reaching home from workout/play.Take shower frequently and especially after coming from the workout.Avoid using oil based cosmetics.

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Synthetic clothes.Tight clothing.Intensive exercising or physical activity that involves high levels of sweatingOil-based cosmetics.Wearing excessively warm clothes in winter triggering perspiration.

Aspects that increase prickly heatCommon factors that increase prickly heat are

Dr. Rajendra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

Gastroenterologist,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

DO’S AND DON’TS FOR THE FIRST FEW WEEKS

Prevent Your Child

From Summer RashesSummer is usually the most awaited season for children. All kids wait for their favourite summers or you can say summer vacations. All are excited, they are not bothered about the heat outside, what they want to do is to play and play the whole day. Heat can’t stop them from moving out, but we have to prevent them from the harmful effects of this hot weather.

Most troubling in the hot and humid weather is the itchy rash or prickly heat. It is also known as sweat rash, and in medical terms is called miliaria rubra. Children are more prone to prickly heat as compared to adults. This rash can happen even in winters, because of heat and humidity. The rash is more common in the neck, shoulder and the chest areas. Folds of the skin and places where your clothing rubs your skin are also the areas where prickly heat might occur. It can easily be identified at home. The rash is usually red or the inflamed areas of skin have small blisters. It is also associated with intense itching and irritation.

TREATMENT FOR THE SUMMER RASHIf the child develops a rash, usually it is self-limiting, it can subside on its own and may not need any treatment.If the child feels itching or irritation, you can use calamine lotion for a soothing effect.At time mild steroid creams may be required, but only with consult of a paediatrician.

If the child has a fever with any kind of rash, do consult paediatricians, they can be signs of an infection. So take precautions and let the kids enjoy their summer vacations.

HOW TO PREVENT SUMMER RASH?Avoid situation causing heavy perspiration like playing in sun between 10 AM to 4 PM.Wear loose cotton clothes.Change undergarments and sweaty clothes after reaching home from workout/play.Take shower frequently and especially after coming from the workout.Avoid using oil based cosmetics.

HO

W T

O

Synthetic clothes.Tight clothing.Intensive exercising or physical activity that involves high levels of sweatingOil-based cosmetics.Wearing excessively warm clothes in winter triggering perspiration.

Aspects that increase prickly heatCommon factors that increase prickly heat are

Symptoms in

BabiesDENGUE

Dengue is a viral infection caused by dengue virus. It is transmitted from infected patient to others by mosquito bite. Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) is a daytime biting mosquito. This mosquito breeds in collected water in discarded tyres, flower pots etc. It is also a disease that is frequently found in babies. As parents, it is important for you to be aware of the signs and symptoms associated with dengue so that you can consult a specialist at the earliest. Remember that early diagnosis and timely action is necessary for dengue cure.

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant-Neonatology,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Prevention of Dengue:

Dengue can be prevented by preventing mosquito bites by following means

• A majority of children present with sudden high-grade fever up to 103-104 F, associated with a severe backache and body pains.

• The child may also have a severe headache and eye pain. • A transient red rash may be there during first two days of illness. • From 2nd day of illness, the child may complain of nausea, abdomen pain, loss of appetite, altered

mouth taste. • Child may develop bluish patches or small bleeding spots (petechiae) on the skin (dengue hemorrhagic fever). • In severe cases, child may develop low blood pressure or breathing difficulty and at times liver failure.

• By body covering clothes and use of mosquito nets, we can protect ourselves from mosquito bites. The screen on the wearing windows and doorways are an effective method for preventing mosquito entry into the houses.

• Use of mosquito repellents, which are available in many forms like bands, gels, creams, stickers etc.• Destruction of breeding sites of mosquitoes. Proper disposal of rubber tyres, empty bottles, and broken pots.

Keep water containers covered. If water collection is unavoidable, pour oil over water collections, so that it makes a thin layer of oil on water and so prevents egg laying and hatching.

• Kill mosquitoes by regular ultra low volume spray of insecticides in the community.• Biological killing by putting larvicidal (larva eating) fishes in water collections and ponds can also be done.• Prevention of mosquito bite of dengue patient by use of mosquito nets for them.

Symptoms associated with Dengue in Babies:

Diagnosis of Dengue in Babies:

Diagnosis of dengue is supported by lab investigations which include positive IgM antibody, 4 fold increase in IgG antibody. Detection of NS1 antigen in commercial kits offers the reliable point of care diagnosis of acute dengue infection.

Symptoms in

BabiesDENGUE

Dengue is a viral infection caused by dengue virus. It is transmitted from infected patient to others by mosquito bite. Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) is a daytime biting mosquito. This mosquito breeds in collected water in discarded tyres, flower pots etc. It is also a disease that is frequently found in babies. As parents, it is important for you to be aware of the signs and symptoms associated with dengue so that you can consult a specialist at the earliest. Remember that early diagnosis and timely action is necessary for dengue cure.

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant-Neonatology,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Prevention of Dengue:

Dengue can be prevented by preventing mosquito bites by following means

• A majority of children present with sudden high-grade fever up to 103-104 F, associated with a severe backache and body pains.

• The child may also have a severe headache and eye pain. • A transient red rash may be there during first two days of illness. • From 2nd day of illness, the child may complain of nausea, abdomen pain, loss of appetite, altered

mouth taste. • Child may develop bluish patches or small bleeding spots (petechiae) on the skin (dengue hemorrhagic fever). • In severe cases, child may develop low blood pressure or breathing difficulty and at times liver failure.

• By body covering clothes and use of mosquito nets, we can protect ourselves from mosquito bites. The screen on the wearing windows and doorways are an effective method for preventing mosquito entry into the houses.

• Use of mosquito repellents, which are available in many forms like bands, gels, creams, stickers etc.• Destruction of breeding sites of mosquitoes. Proper disposal of rubber tyres, empty bottles, and broken pots.

Keep water containers covered. If water collection is unavoidable, pour oil over water collections, so that it makes a thin layer of oil on water and so prevents egg laying and hatching.

• Kill mosquitoes by regular ultra low volume spray of insecticides in the community.• Biological killing by putting larvicidal (larva eating) fishes in water collections and ponds can also be done.• Prevention of mosquito bite of dengue patient by use of mosquito nets for them.

Symptoms associated with Dengue in Babies:

Diagnosis of Dengue in Babies:

Diagnosis of dengue is supported by lab investigations which include positive IgM antibody, 4 fold increase in IgG antibody. Detection of NS1 antigen in commercial kits offers the reliable point of care diagnosis of acute dengue infection.

Diarrhoea is the passing of loose watery stools more than three in number in a day. Diarrhoea is the third leading cause of childhood mortality in India and is responsible for 13% of all deaths/year in children under 5 years of age. Diarrhoea is also a leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years of age. The most common cause of diarrhoea is viral infections. Other causes include bacterial infections, food allergies, diseases of intestine interfering with the absorption of food.

PREVENTINGTIPS FOR

DiarrhoeaDr. Rajendra P. Setty

Sr. Consultant-PaediatricsGastroenterologist,

Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Safe water Proper hand-washing

Food hygieneSafe disposalof excreta

Childhood Immunisation e.g rotavirus

Vitamin A supplementation in children aged 6-59 months.

A

Oral rehydration therapy.Zinc.Feeding energy dense food in addition to breastfeeding.Antibiotics in cases of invasive bacterial diarrhoea.

Treatment & Management of Diarrhoea

A major concern in diarrhoea is not the infection but the deficit of water and salts that result from

frequent passage of stools. Dehydration or water deficit may be severe enough to cause death.

Fluid losses if severe enough can impair blood supply to the kidney, resulting in even renal failure. Diarrhea also results in salt losses along with water which is important for normal functioning of vital organ like heart and brain. Salt imbalance can cause unconsciousness and seizures. So the main treatment of diarrhoea and dehydration is rehydration or replacement of lost fluids and salts. Oral rehydration is the best method to replace losses as long as patient is able to accept orally and tolerate.Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with ORS remains the cornerstone of appropriate case management of diarrheal dehydration and is considered the single most effective strategy to prevent diarrheal deaths in children. ORS replaces the lost fluids and essential salts thus correcting dehydration resulting from fluid losses in diarrhoea, and replenishes salt stores and thus reducing complications and death. The glucose contained in ORS solution enables the intestine to absorb the fluid and the salts more efficiently. If glucose is added to a saline solution, the glucose molecules are absorbed through the intestinal wall – unaffected by the diarrhoeal disease state – and in conjunction, sodium is carried through cotransport coupling mechanism. This increased relative concentration of Na+ across the intestinal wall pulls water along. This way ORS containing the specific concentration of glucose and salt helps to correct dehydration without worsening the diarrhoea.

The role of oral rehydration in

Diarrhoea Management

Diarrhoea is the passing of loose watery stools more than three in number in a day. Diarrhoea is the third leading cause of childhood mortality in India and is responsible for 13% of all deaths/year in children under 5 years of age. Diarrhoea is also a leading cause of malnutrition in children under five years of age. The most common cause of diarrhoea is viral infections. Other causes include bacterial infections, food allergies, diseases of intestine interfering with the absorption of food.

PREVENTINGTIPS FOR

DiarrhoeaDr. Rajendra P. Setty

Sr. Consultant-PaediatricsGastroenterologist,

Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Safe water Proper hand-washing

Food hygieneSafe disposalof excreta

Childhood Immunisation e.g rotavirus

Vitamin A supplementation in children aged 6-59 months.

A

Oral rehydration therapy.Zinc.Feeding energy dense food in addition to breastfeeding.Antibiotics in cases of invasive bacterial diarrhoea.

Treatment & Management of Diarrhoea

A major concern in diarrhoea is not the infection but the deficit of water and salts that result from

frequent passage of stools. Dehydration or water deficit may be severe enough to cause death.

Fluid losses if severe enough can impair blood supply to the kidney, resulting in even renal failure. Diarrhea also results in salt losses along with water which is important for normal functioning of vital organ like heart and brain. Salt imbalance can cause unconsciousness and seizures. So the main treatment of diarrhoea and dehydration is rehydration or replacement of lost fluids and salts. Oral rehydration is the best method to replace losses as long as patient is able to accept orally and tolerate.Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with ORS remains the cornerstone of appropriate case management of diarrheal dehydration and is considered the single most effective strategy to prevent diarrheal deaths in children. ORS replaces the lost fluids and essential salts thus correcting dehydration resulting from fluid losses in diarrhoea, and replenishes salt stores and thus reducing complications and death. The glucose contained in ORS solution enables the intestine to absorb the fluid and the salts more efficiently. If glucose is added to a saline solution, the glucose molecules are absorbed through the intestinal wall – unaffected by the diarrhoeal disease state – and in conjunction, sodium is carried through cotransport coupling mechanism. This increased relative concentration of Na+ across the intestinal wall pulls water along. This way ORS containing the specific concentration of glucose and salt helps to correct dehydration without worsening the diarrhoea.

The role of oral rehydration in

Diarrhoea Management

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant-Neonatology,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

So it is an allergen exposure which is the main triggering factor for asthma in a genetically susceptible child. Allergen’s on repititive exposure, can result in chronic inflammation of the airways. This makes the child more susceptible to other triggers.

Asthma is a condition in which there is chronic inflammation of the airways with episodic obstruction of the airways on exposure to allergens. Because of the obstruction of airways, the child develops cough, tightness of chest and breathing difficulty on exposure to allergens. Asthma is a very common chronic disease of childhood. Approximately 5 in every 100 children are suffering from asthma. The prevalence of asthma in a particular area is influenced by a variety of factors, including living in an urban area and being male, poverty-stricken or in an overcrowded area. Some areas have reported prevalence rates as high as 15-18 percent.

As allergen exposure is the important trigger factor for asthma, if we can identify the allergen and avoid it, the number of asthma episodes can be prevented. So the management of asthma includes allergen avoidance, along with inhalers for relieving symptoms of chest tightness and inflammation of the airways. Regular treatment with frequent assessment for disease progress/improvement is also equally important to have good asthma control.

WHAT ISTHE CAUSE OF

AsthmaIN TODDLERS?

Causes of Asthma

Indoor allergens: Animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, molds.

Seasonal aeroallergens: Pollen (trees, grass, weeds), seasonal molds.

Air pollutants: Tobacco smoke, coal/wood burning smoke, vehicle pollution, dust.

Odours/fumes: perfumes, cleaning agents, hairsprays.

Occupational exposure: Farm/bran exposure, paint fumes.

Cold dry air.

Exercise.

Crying.

Laughter.

Hyperventilation.

Common allergens/triggers for Asthma

Trigger Factor

Airway Inflammation

Wheezing,Cough,Shortness Of Breath,

Tightness in Chest

Hypersecretionof Mucus

Airway MuscleConstriction

Swelling of Bronchial Membrance

Narrow Breathing Passages

Asthma is caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility to various allergens and exposure to allergens. Allergens on entering the airways of a genetically sensitive/allergic child, causes a recruitment of inflammatory cells in the mucosal lining. These cells release chemicals which result in a cascade of reactions.

Parents may also report that the child coughs more at night and has disturbed sleep

Some children may have symptoms at season change

In some cases the child may have cough and chest tightness while playing (exercise induced asthma)

Recurrent bouts of cough

Wheezing

Chest tightness

Difficulty in breathing

Clinical features of Asthma:

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant-Neonatology,Paras Bliss, Panchkula

So it is an allergen exposure which is the main triggering factor for asthma in a genetically susceptible child. Allergen’s on repititive exposure, can result in chronic inflammation of the airways. This makes the child more susceptible to other triggers.

Asthma is a condition in which there is chronic inflammation of the airways with episodic obstruction of the airways on exposure to allergens. Because of the obstruction of airways, the child develops cough, tightness of chest and breathing difficulty on exposure to allergens. Asthma is a very common chronic disease of childhood. Approximately 5 in every 100 children are suffering from asthma. The prevalence of asthma in a particular area is influenced by a variety of factors, including living in an urban area and being male, poverty-stricken or in an overcrowded area. Some areas have reported prevalence rates as high as 15-18 percent.

As allergen exposure is the important trigger factor for asthma, if we can identify the allergen and avoid it, the number of asthma episodes can be prevented. So the management of asthma includes allergen avoidance, along with inhalers for relieving symptoms of chest tightness and inflammation of the airways. Regular treatment with frequent assessment for disease progress/improvement is also equally important to have good asthma control.

WHAT ISTHE CAUSE OF

AsthmaIN TODDLERS?

Causes of Asthma

Indoor allergens: Animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, molds.

Seasonal aeroallergens: Pollen (trees, grass, weeds), seasonal molds.

Air pollutants: Tobacco smoke, coal/wood burning smoke, vehicle pollution, dust.

Odours/fumes: perfumes, cleaning agents, hairsprays.

Occupational exposure: Farm/bran exposure, paint fumes.

Cold dry air.

Exercise.

Crying.

Laughter.

Hyperventilation.

Common allergens/triggers for Asthma

Trigger Factor

Airway Inflammation

Wheezing,Cough,Shortness Of Breath,

Tightness in Chest

Hypersecretionof Mucus

Airway MuscleConstriction

Swelling of Bronchial Membrance

Narrow Breathing Passages

Asthma is caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility to various allergens and exposure to allergens. Allergens on entering the airways of a genetically sensitive/allergic child, causes a recruitment of inflammatory cells in the mucosal lining. These cells release chemicals which result in a cascade of reactions.

Parents may also report that the child coughs more at night and has disturbed sleep

Some children may have symptoms at season change

In some cases the child may have cough and chest tightness while playing (exercise induced asthma)

Recurrent bouts of cough

Wheezing

Chest tightness

Difficulty in breathing

Clinical features of Asthma:

Dr. Anshu JindalSr. Consultant-Paediatric

and Preventive Dentistry – Paras Bliss, Panchkula

It is well known that healthy teeth are helpful in maintaining over-all health. These tiny army of white pearls helps the child to chew food, make sounds & words and help in speaking. The dental care should start even before the teeth start appearing in baby’s mouth. Simply because if you can’t see teeth in the baby’s mouth it doesn’t mean that they are not there. They are present beneath the gum pads. So, caring for the gum pads is also very essential as early good oral habits leads to the best lifetime habits.

Good quality rubber teethers are readily available in the market to help your child chew on when he/she is near teething. When child has one or two teeth in mouth, clean them with a piece of wet gauze or soft cloth to clear the plaque film formed over the teeth which are full of bacteria.

Be patient with your child when he/she is teething. Being cranky is a part of the teething process. Consult a specialist to enquire about a soothing gel so that your baby can get relived of the pain.Baby’s Teeth

CARE FOR YOUR

Care For The Gum Pads (Before Eruption Of Teeth)

1st tooth generally appears from 4th-7th month of age for although it is different for every child. At this age babies are generally bottle fed. Never let your child sleep with

a milk bottle or juice in his/her mouth. Always bottle feed your child yourself. If the child has the habit

of sleeping with the bottle, give him bottle filled with water. This should be avoided

as the sugar in the milk or juice promotes bacterial growth in the oral cavity and hence it should be avoided.

This harmful bacterium gets pooled in the mouth while the child is asleep. Clean

your child’s gum pads with clean, wet muslin cloth. Give them a cold teething ring to

soothe their gum irritation. Some important tips for good oral health of your baby

Wean off the bottle by 1 year of age.By the age of 18-24 months, start brushing your baby’s teeth with non- fluoridated toothpastes.Check for any alarming symptoms in the oral cavity like brown spots on teeth or redness in the gums.Visit a dentist regularly as it also helps the child to be familiar with the dental clinic environment.

Dr. Anshu JindalSr. Consultant-Paediatric

and Preventive Dentistry – Paras Bliss, Panchkula

It is well known that healthy teeth are helpful in maintaining over-all health. These tiny army of white pearls helps the child to chew food, make sounds & words and help in speaking. The dental care should start even before the teeth start appearing in baby’s mouth. Simply because if you can’t see teeth in the baby’s mouth it doesn’t mean that they are not there. They are present beneath the gum pads. So, caring for the gum pads is also very essential as early good oral habits leads to the best lifetime habits.

Good quality rubber teethers are readily available in the market to help your child chew on when he/she is near teething. When child has one or two teeth in mouth, clean them with a piece of wet gauze or soft cloth to clear the plaque film formed over the teeth which are full of bacteria.

Be patient with your child when he/she is teething. Being cranky is a part of the teething process. Consult a specialist to enquire about a soothing gel so that your baby can get relived of the pain.Baby’s Teeth

CARE FOR YOUR

Care For The Gum Pads (Before Eruption Of Teeth)

1st tooth generally appears from 4th-7th month of age for although it is different for every child. At this age babies are generally bottle fed. Never let your child sleep with

a milk bottle or juice in his/her mouth. Always bottle feed your child yourself. If the child has the habit

of sleeping with the bottle, give him bottle filled with water. This should be avoided

as the sugar in the milk or juice promotes bacterial growth in the oral cavity and hence it should be avoided.

This harmful bacterium gets pooled in the mouth while the child is asleep. Clean

your child’s gum pads with clean, wet muslin cloth. Give them a cold teething ring to

soothe their gum irritation. Some important tips for good oral health of your baby

Wean off the bottle by 1 year of age.By the age of 18-24 months, start brushing your baby’s teeth with non- fluoridated toothpastes.Check for any alarming symptoms in the oral cavity like brown spots on teeth or redness in the gums.Visit a dentist regularly as it also helps the child to be familiar with the dental clinic environment.

Dr. ShilvaSr. Consultant Obstetrics &

GynaecologyParas Bliss, Panchkula

SHOULD I BREASTFEED

Feeding is always far more than just a way of getting milk into your baby. It’s part of your relationship with him. There are many factors, practical, physical, and emotional involved in one’s decision to carry on, the wind-down, or to stop breastfeeding. Talking it through with a breastfeeding counselor may help to decide about stopping breastfeeding. Advice from family and friends may be well-meaning, but inaccurate or biased.

To conclude how long you keep breastfeeding for is a big decision. It will depend on how you feel emotionally and what else is going on in your life. Most mums set goals for breastfeeding of between three and 12 months. It doesn’t have to be that way, though. Many women choose to breastfeed for two years or even longer

HOW LONG

MY BABY?How long to continue breastfeeding for is a personal decision for each family to make. The World Health Organization and Indian Academy of Paediatrics recommend exclusive breastfeeding (i.e. no other fluids or solids) for six months and then continued breastfeeding combined with solid foods for 12-24 months or as long as mother and baby desire. Every day if breastfeed is done makes a difference to both mother and the baby. There’s no need to decide at the beginning how long one will breastfeed for.

The important thing is to do what one feels is right for both mother and the baby. Continuing to breastfeed helps to reduce the chance of food intolerances and continues to protect the baby from infections, regardless of if he is four months or two years old. Breast milk also provides all the appropriate nutrients, and the babies are less likely to become obese or have diabetes. In addition, the mothers also find it easier to lose weight after pregnancy.Breastfeeding may help lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancers, diabetes, and certain other diseases in mothers.

It’s as per your convenience and personal choice – First 6 months are a must

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding for up to two years and beyond. The longer a baby is breastfeeding, the longer the good health effects will be there for mother and the child.

Many breastfeeding women continue well past six months. Mothers who return to work can continue to give breastfeed and this can ease both mothers and babies through this major change. During the day the carer may give the baby expressed breast milk (EBM). In mornings, evenings and days-off the baby can continue to have breastfeed.

What do the WHO and other organisations suggest?

Breastfeeding enhances the mother and baby bonding

Dr. ShilvaSr. Consultant Obstetrics &

GynaecologyParas Bliss, Panchkula

SHOULD I BREASTFEED

Feeding is always far more than just a way of getting milk into your baby. It’s part of your relationship with him. There are many factors, practical, physical, and emotional involved in one’s decision to carry on, the wind-down, or to stop breastfeeding. Talking it through with a breastfeeding counselor may help to decide about stopping breastfeeding. Advice from family and friends may be well-meaning, but inaccurate or biased.

To conclude how long you keep breastfeeding for is a big decision. It will depend on how you feel emotionally and what else is going on in your life. Most mums set goals for breastfeeding of between three and 12 months. It doesn’t have to be that way, though. Many women choose to breastfeed for two years or even longer

HOW LONG

MY BABY?How long to continue breastfeeding for is a personal decision for each family to make. The World Health Organization and Indian Academy of Paediatrics recommend exclusive breastfeeding (i.e. no other fluids or solids) for six months and then continued breastfeeding combined with solid foods for 12-24 months or as long as mother and baby desire. Every day if breastfeed is done makes a difference to both mother and the baby. There’s no need to decide at the beginning how long one will breastfeed for.

The important thing is to do what one feels is right for both mother and the baby. Continuing to breastfeed helps to reduce the chance of food intolerances and continues to protect the baby from infections, regardless of if he is four months or two years old. Breast milk also provides all the appropriate nutrients, and the babies are less likely to become obese or have diabetes. In addition, the mothers also find it easier to lose weight after pregnancy.Breastfeeding may help lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancers, diabetes, and certain other diseases in mothers.

It’s as per your convenience and personal choice – First 6 months are a must

The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding for up to two years and beyond. The longer a baby is breastfeeding, the longer the good health effects will be there for mother and the child.

Many breastfeeding women continue well past six months. Mothers who return to work can continue to give breastfeed and this can ease both mothers and babies through this major change. During the day the carer may give the baby expressed breast milk (EBM). In mornings, evenings and days-off the baby can continue to have breastfeed.

What do the WHO and other organisations suggest?

Breastfeeding enhances the mother and baby bonding

Dr. Sorabh Goel Consultant-Neonatology,

Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Mothers with HIV or AIDS, as they can pass the virus to their baby.Mothers on certain medicines needed to treat an ongoing health problem.Mothers with an alcohol or drug addiction.There are other reasons women are unable to breastfeed, but with good support and knowledge, most of these can be overcome. The decision about how to feed your baby is personal.

Breastfeeding – When to abstain

BREAST MILK BETTER THAN FORMULA?Choosing whether to breastfeed or formula feed their baby is one of the biggest decisions expectant and new parents will make. Health experts agree that breastfeeding is the healthiest option for both mom and baby. It is recommended that babies feed only on breast milk for the first 6 months. Thereafter breast milk must be continued as the main part of their diet until they are at least 1to 2 years old.

WHY IS

Breast milk naturally has all the nutrients babies need to grow and develop.Breast milk has antibodies that can help prevent your baby from getting sick.Breastfeeding can help prevent health problems in your baby, such as allergies, eczema, ear infections, and stomach problems.Breastfed babies are less likely to be hospitalised with breathing infections.Breastfed babies are less likely to become obese or have diabetes.Breastfeeding may help prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Mothers who breastfeed find it easier to lose weight after pregnancy.Breastfeeding may help lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancers, diabetes, and certain other diseases in mothers.Breastfeeding – Helps in bonding

It is true that breastfeeding is not always easy and natural for moms and babies. It may take some time for both mother and baby to get the hang of it. Skin to skin contact at birth will help mother and baby get a good start with breastfeeding. Being a new parent takes time, and feeding is no exception to this rule. It is important to note that mothers do not need to follow a special diet while breastfeeding. It is rare that a baby will seem sensitive to certain foods, like spicy or gassy foods such as cabbage. There are very few health problems that make breastfeeding not possible which are listed below

Breastfeeding is a wonderful way to bond with your little one. Here are some of themany other benefits of breastfeeding:

Benefits of breastfeeding for the mother and baby:

Dr. Sorabh Goel Consultant-Neonatology,

Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Mothers with HIV or AIDS, as they can pass the virus to their baby.Mothers on certain medicines needed to treat an ongoing health problem.Mothers with an alcohol or drug addiction.There are other reasons women are unable to breastfeed, but with good support and knowledge, most of these can be overcome. The decision about how to feed your baby is personal.

Breastfeeding – When to abstain

BREAST MILK BETTER THAN FORMULA?Choosing whether to breastfeed or formula feed their baby is one of the biggest decisions expectant and new parents will make. Health experts agree that breastfeeding is the healthiest option for both mom and baby. It is recommended that babies feed only on breast milk for the first 6 months. Thereafter breast milk must be continued as the main part of their diet until they are at least 1to 2 years old.

WHY IS

Breast milk naturally has all the nutrients babies need to grow and develop.Breast milk has antibodies that can help prevent your baby from getting sick.Breastfeeding can help prevent health problems in your baby, such as allergies, eczema, ear infections, and stomach problems.Breastfed babies are less likely to be hospitalised with breathing infections.Breastfed babies are less likely to become obese or have diabetes.Breastfeeding may help prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Mothers who breastfeed find it easier to lose weight after pregnancy.Breastfeeding may help lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancers, diabetes, and certain other diseases in mothers.Breastfeeding – Helps in bonding

It is true that breastfeeding is not always easy and natural for moms and babies. It may take some time for both mother and baby to get the hang of it. Skin to skin contact at birth will help mother and baby get a good start with breastfeeding. Being a new parent takes time, and feeding is no exception to this rule. It is important to note that mothers do not need to follow a special diet while breastfeeding. It is rare that a baby will seem sensitive to certain foods, like spicy or gassy foods such as cabbage. There are very few health problems that make breastfeeding not possible which are listed below

Breastfeeding is a wonderful way to bond with your little one. Here are some of themany other benefits of breastfeeding:

Benefits of breastfeeding for the mother and baby:

Nobody is exempted from dental appointments. Whether newborn, young, old or teenager, each one of us faces a dental issue no matter what age or stage we might be in. Adults usually com-plain of problems related to their teeth, while youngsters may have concerns about proper oral hygiene and aesthetics. Both age groups need specialised services that can help them with their respective dental needs. Children and adults need to go to a paediatric and an adult dentist respectively. Not all adult dentists are skilled paediatric dentists, though all of them may have undergone training and proper educa-tion for both branches. The difference is in their curriculum i.e. the years spent professionally practicing these types of dentistry. That is why it’s important to send your child to a profession-al paediatric dentist.

Preventive Dentistry (to prevent cavities and other problems).Early Dental Assessment.Teeth Cleaning.Teeth Extraction.Teeth Alignment.Teeth filling.Treatment of oral habits like Thumb sucking, Nail biting, Mouth breathing, Tongue thrusting etc. Space management.Pulpotomy.Pulpectomy.Treatment of Mouth ulcers or other lesions in mouth.Treatment for Special children (Autism, Cerebral Palsy etc.).Treatment for Medically compromised children.Tooth crowns.Aesthetic rehabilitation.

Dentistry With A Difference

Paediatric dentistry is an age-defined specialty that provides both primary and comprehen-sive preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health care needs.

What Is Paediatric Dentistry?

People think children teeth will fall off, so no need to give them proper dental care. This is where we are lagging behind. Primary teeth are as important as permanent teeth as healthy gum environment during primary dentition will allow the growth of healthy permanent teeth. Also, children require them for chewing their food till 8-10 years of age. So, losing them before will lead to the number of problems including pain, eating difficulties, misalignment, inferiori-ty complex, speech problems etc. Teeth alignment procedures can give your child his or her best smile. Regular appointments and dental visits can be done with the Paediatric dentist who can offer the best to your child. Both adults and children must have the proper dental care appropriate for their age and dental needs. Always identify suitable dentist for you and your child to get best and improved dental care.

Importance of Milk / Primary Teeth

Dr. Anshu JindalSr. Consultant-Paediatric

and Preventive Dentistry – Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Difference between Paediatric Dentistry and Adult Dentistry

Paed

iatri

c

The needs of a child and an adult dental patient differ greatly. The response of a child and an adult to a dentist is totally different. Paediatric dentist deals with kids so they know that they aren’t just little adults. Thus, they can be difficult and challenging patients to cater to as they ask a lot of questions along with their innate fear towards dental treatment. In paediatric dentistry age of patients ranges from infancy to 18 years old. Children are usually very curious and restless and need a specialised dentist. Dentists need to make them feel at ease with the office environ-ment and the staff. Paediatric dentists need to establish a communication with their young patients and make the dental procedure comfortable and fun. Dental problems that occur mostly in childhood are usually bothersome and painful. Here are the common dental services for children:

Nobody is exempted from dental appointments. Whether newborn, young, old or teenager, each one of us faces a dental issue no matter what age or stage we might be in. Adults usually com-plain of problems related to their teeth, while youngsters may have concerns about proper oral hygiene and aesthetics. Both age groups need specialised services that can help them with their respective dental needs. Children and adults need to go to a paediatric and an adult dentist respectively. Not all adult dentists are skilled paediatric dentists, though all of them may have undergone training and proper educa-tion for both branches. The difference is in their curriculum i.e. the years spent professionally practicing these types of dentistry. That is why it’s important to send your child to a profession-al paediatric dentist.

Preventive Dentistry (to prevent cavities and other problems).Early Dental Assessment.Teeth Cleaning.Teeth Extraction.Teeth Alignment.Teeth filling.Treatment of oral habits like Thumb sucking, Nail biting, Mouth breathing, Tongue thrusting etc. Space management.Pulpotomy.Pulpectomy.Treatment of Mouth ulcers or other lesions in mouth.Treatment for Special children (Autism, Cerebral Palsy etc.).Treatment for Medically compromised children.Tooth crowns.Aesthetic rehabilitation.

Dentistry With A Difference

Paediatric dentistry is an age-defined specialty that provides both primary and comprehen-sive preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescence, including those with special health care needs.

What Is Paediatric Dentistry?

People think children teeth will fall off, so no need to give them proper dental care. This is where we are lagging behind. Primary teeth are as important as permanent teeth as healthy gum environment during primary dentition will allow the growth of healthy permanent teeth. Also, children require them for chewing their food till 8-10 years of age. So, losing them before will lead to the number of problems including pain, eating difficulties, misalignment, inferiori-ty complex, speech problems etc. Teeth alignment procedures can give your child his or her best smile. Regular appointments and dental visits can be done with the Paediatric dentist who can offer the best to your child. Both adults and children must have the proper dental care appropriate for their age and dental needs. Always identify suitable dentist for you and your child to get best and improved dental care.

Importance of Milk / Primary Teeth

Dr. Anshu JindalSr. Consultant-Paediatric

and Preventive Dentistry – Paras Bliss, Panchkula

Difference between Paediatric Dentistry and Adult Dentistry

Paed

iatri

c

The needs of a child and an adult dental patient differ greatly. The response of a child and an adult to a dentist is totally different. Paediatric dentist deals with kids so they know that they aren’t just little adults. Thus, they can be difficult and challenging patients to cater to as they ask a lot of questions along with their innate fear towards dental treatment. In paediatric dentistry age of patients ranges from infancy to 18 years old. Children are usually very curious and restless and need a specialised dentist. Dentists need to make them feel at ease with the office environ-ment and the staff. Paediatric dentists need to establish a communication with their young patients and make the dental procedure comfortable and fun. Dental problems that occur mostly in childhood are usually bothersome and painful. Here are the common dental services for children:

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant NeonatologyParas Bliss, Panchkula

Is Hepatitis B

It’s hard to imagine putting your newborn through the pain of a prick shot, but a little stick early in life is an important first step in protecting the baby against a deadly disease. All babies should get the first shot of hepatitis B vaccine before they leave the hospital. This shot acts as a safety net, reducing the risk of getting the disease from moms or family members who may not know that they are infected with hepatitis B.

It can be life threatening. Although, there are several medicines to help people who have life-long hepatitis B virus infection, there is no medicine that “cures” it. The good news is that hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination.

Medical groups such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, The American Academy of Family Physicians, The American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, and the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that every baby should get hepatitis B vaccine at birth, before leaving the hospital. It is important to vaccinate babies at birth so that they will be protected as early as possible from any exposure to the hepatitis B virus. A baby who gets infected with the hepatitis B virus during the first five years of life has a 15% to 25% risk for premature death from liver disease, including liver failure or liver cancer.

When a mother has hepatitis B the baby requires additional shot of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in addition to normal vaccination. HBIG works best if it is given in first 12hrs of birth.

Hepatitis B is a serious contagious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus if enters the bloodstream, attacks the liver, and cause serious damage. When babies get infected, the virus usually remains in the body for a lifetime (this is called chronic hepatitis B). About 1 out of 4 infected babies will die of liver failure or liver cancer as adults.

Vaccine Necessary

At Birth?

What is Hepatitis B ?

Is it serious ? Is there a cure for Hepatitis B ?

At birth from their infected motherBeing bitten by an infected personBy touching open cuts or sores of an infected personThrough sharing toothbrushes or other personal items used by an infected personFrom food that was chewed (for a baby) by an infected person

Babies and children can get hepatitis B in the following ways:

Why does my baby need a Hepatitis B shot at birth ?

The virus can live on objects for 7 days or

more. Even if you don’t see any blood, there could be virus on an

object.

The recommended schedule consists of 3 doses at birth, 1 month and 6 months respectively. The vaccine is safe. The only side effect documented is mild fever (upto 101oF) and pain at the site of administration. Thus , it is highly recommended for all babies.

Schedule, Safety and side effects :

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant NeonatologyParas Bliss, Panchkula

Is Hepatitis B

It’s hard to imagine putting your newborn through the pain of a prick shot, but a little stick early in life is an important first step in protecting the baby against a deadly disease. All babies should get the first shot of hepatitis B vaccine before they leave the hospital. This shot acts as a safety net, reducing the risk of getting the disease from moms or family members who may not know that they are infected with hepatitis B.

It can be life threatening. Although, there are several medicines to help people who have life-long hepatitis B virus infection, there is no medicine that “cures” it. The good news is that hepatitis B can be prevented by vaccination.

Medical groups such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, The American Academy of Family Physicians, The American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologist, and the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that every baby should get hepatitis B vaccine at birth, before leaving the hospital. It is important to vaccinate babies at birth so that they will be protected as early as possible from any exposure to the hepatitis B virus. A baby who gets infected with the hepatitis B virus during the first five years of life has a 15% to 25% risk for premature death from liver disease, including liver failure or liver cancer.

When a mother has hepatitis B the baby requires additional shot of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in addition to normal vaccination. HBIG works best if it is given in first 12hrs of birth.

Hepatitis B is a serious contagious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus if enters the bloodstream, attacks the liver, and cause serious damage. When babies get infected, the virus usually remains in the body for a lifetime (this is called chronic hepatitis B). About 1 out of 4 infected babies will die of liver failure or liver cancer as adults.

Vaccine Necessary

At Birth?

What is Hepatitis B ?

Is it serious ? Is there a cure for Hepatitis B ?

At birth from their infected motherBeing bitten by an infected personBy touching open cuts or sores of an infected personThrough sharing toothbrushes or other personal items used by an infected personFrom food that was chewed (for a baby) by an infected person

Babies and children can get hepatitis B in the following ways:

Why does my baby need a Hepatitis B shot at birth ?

The virus can live on objects for 7 days or

more. Even if you don’t see any blood, there could be virus on an

object.

The recommended schedule consists of 3 doses at birth, 1 month and 6 months respectively. The vaccine is safe. The only side effect documented is mild fever (upto 101oF) and pain at the site of administration. Thus , it is highly recommended for all babies.

Schedule, Safety and side effects :

Should I

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant NeonatologyParas Bliss, Panchkula

The age-old tradition of massaging babies has many advantages for both the babies and the mothers. It is a highly prevalent practice in Indian society that has been passed from mother to daughters and generations. It is a great way to express your love, care, and affection for your baby. A massage can soothe the baby and help him stay relaxed and comfortable. It also helps the baby to sleep better and cry less. The gentle, rhythmic and soothing stroke of your hands during a massage stimulates the production of the hormone oxytocin in you and your baby. Oxytocin is the hormone that gives you that warm, loving feeling when you hold your baby close or breastfeed her.

If your baby has cradle cap, do not pick at it while applying the oil. You will find that if you let the oil sit on your baby’s head overnight, it will help to soften the crust, which should then fall off on its own during the bath or while washing or combing your baby’s hair afterward. Even if it doesn’t, cradle cap doesn’t disturb your baby and is very common. It often goes away on its own as your baby grows.

If your baby has a rash, do not apply any oil or cream to your baby’s skin without first checking with her doctor. If you feel that the rash is caused by the oil or cream you have been using to massage your baby, stop using it and consult her doctor to get advice on which oils or creams will suit the baby.

Babies love routines and repetition, so if you massage your baby, in the same way, every time, she will learn what to expect and enjoy her massage all the more.

Start your baby’s massage with her feet and work your way up the body finishing with her head.

Legs are a good place to start a massage because your baby is used to having her legs touched during nappy changes.

Coconut oil or cream both can be used however you should warm the oil or cream by rubbing it between your palms.

Massage should be started with thighs to toes in a milking movement. Same pattern should be followed for arms starting from shoulders to fingers.

For your baby’s chest and tummy, do circular clockwise movements. The circular movements on her tummy, done with gentle pressure, can help move things along her digestive tract.

Mothers should also gently push her knees into her tummy by holding baby’s legs below her knees. This will help her pass trapped gas.

In India, no baby massage is complete without a head massage. But some babies like having their head touched more than others.

You need to be very gentle with your new-born’s head as her skull bones will not have fused yet. There are two fontanelles, a larger one on the top and a smaller one at the back of your baby’s head. The back fontanelle closes by the time your baby is about 6 weeks old but the fontanelle at the top of your baby’s head only closes gradually.

For the first six weeks, do not apply any pressure while giving your baby a head massage. Just pat the oil gently onto all parts of the head and let the oil soak in on its own.

Once your baby’s head hardens, you can gently press with your fingers in small circular movements as you move around your baby’s head. But never apply pressure to the top of your baby’s head where the larger fontanelle is still soft.

As long as your baby cannot hold her own head up, put the oil on her head while she is lying on her back. This way any oil that drips will fall back and not onto her face. Once your baby holds her head up, you can apply oil to her head when she lies on her tummy.

Some experts say it is better not to massage your baby if she has a fever or is unwell. But others say that a gentle massage during a viral might help soothe body aches.

If your baby has a fever, take advice from your doctor before giving her a massage.If your baby’s fever is rising, she might feel cold. So you can just rub and stroke her over her clothes, without undressing her.

On the other hand, if her fever is coming down, she might feel hot and prefer to remove her clothes. Observe your baby and try to see what makes her most comfortable.

In winter, you can give your baby a massage. But she will enjoy it only if she doesn’t feel cold. So make sure the room is comfortably warm before undressing her.

MassageM

y B

aby

Every Day?

Tips to be followed for Baby Massage Therapy:

Tips for giving your baby a Head Massage:

What to do if your baby has a rash or cradle cap?

What to do if your baby has a fever?

Should I

Dr. Sorabh GoelConsultant NeonatologyParas Bliss, Panchkula

The age-old tradition of massaging babies has many advantages for both the babies and the mothers. It is a highly prevalent practice in Indian society that has been passed from mother to daughters and generations. It is a great way to express your love, care, and affection for your baby. A massage can soothe the baby and help him stay relaxed and comfortable. It also helps the baby to sleep better and cry less. The gentle, rhythmic and soothing stroke of your hands during a massage stimulates the production of the hormone oxytocin in you and your baby. Oxytocin is the hormone that gives you that warm, loving feeling when you hold your baby close or breastfeed her.

If your baby has cradle cap, do not pick at it while applying the oil. You will find that if you let the oil sit on your baby’s head overnight, it will help to soften the crust, which should then fall off on its own during the bath or while washing or combing your baby’s hair afterward. Even if it doesn’t, cradle cap doesn’t disturb your baby and is very common. It often goes away on its own as your baby grows.

If your baby has a rash, do not apply any oil or cream to your baby’s skin without first checking with her doctor. If you feel that the rash is caused by the oil or cream you have been using to massage your baby, stop using it and consult her doctor to get advice on which oils or creams will suit the baby.

Babies love routines and repetition, so if you massage your baby, in the same way, every time, she will learn what to expect and enjoy her massage all the more.

Start your baby’s massage with her feet and work your way up the body finishing with her head.

Legs are a good place to start a massage because your baby is used to having her legs touched during nappy changes.

Coconut oil or cream both can be used however you should warm the oil or cream by rubbing it between your palms.

Massage should be started with thighs to toes in a milking movement. Same pattern should be followed for arms starting from shoulders to fingers.

For your baby’s chest and tummy, do circular clockwise movements. The circular movements on her tummy, done with gentle pressure, can help move things along her digestive tract.

Mothers should also gently push her knees into her tummy by holding baby’s legs below her knees. This will help her pass trapped gas.

In India, no baby massage is complete without a head massage. But some babies like having their head touched more than others.

You need to be very gentle with your new-born’s head as her skull bones will not have fused yet. There are two fontanelles, a larger one on the top and a smaller one at the back of your baby’s head. The back fontanelle closes by the time your baby is about 6 weeks old but the fontanelle at the top of your baby’s head only closes gradually.

For the first six weeks, do not apply any pressure while giving your baby a head massage. Just pat the oil gently onto all parts of the head and let the oil soak in on its own.

Once your baby’s head hardens, you can gently press with your fingers in small circular movements as you move around your baby’s head. But never apply pressure to the top of your baby’s head where the larger fontanelle is still soft.

As long as your baby cannot hold her own head up, put the oil on her head while she is lying on her back. This way any oil that drips will fall back and not onto her face. Once your baby holds her head up, you can apply oil to her head when she lies on her tummy.

Some experts say it is better not to massage your baby if she has a fever or is unwell. But others say that a gentle massage during a viral might help soothe body aches.

If your baby has a fever, take advice from your doctor before giving her a massage.If your baby’s fever is rising, she might feel cold. So you can just rub and stroke her over her clothes, without undressing her.

On the other hand, if her fever is coming down, she might feel hot and prefer to remove her clothes. Observe your baby and try to see what makes her most comfortable.

In winter, you can give your baby a massage. But she will enjoy it only if she doesn’t feel cold. So make sure the room is comfortably warm before undressing her.

Massage

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Tips to be followed for Baby Massage Therapy:

Tips for giving your baby a Head Massage:

What to do if your baby has a rash or cradle cap?

What to do if your baby has a fever?

Dr. Rajindra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

GastroenterologistParas Bliss, Panchkula

Children love to play outdoors. It is a wonderful place to test one’s physical abilities and to just have fun. Keeping children safe at outdoors requires some special precautions. Spending time outdoors with your little one can be fun for both of you. But you’ll need to make sure they are protected from sun, humidity, and insects. Your little one’s new mobility will help make this a special time for both of you. They’ll be able to get a lot out of exploring the great outdoors, but you’ll have to be extra vigilant about protecting them from a host of new hazards.

Never leave children alone outside

Teach children not to play near the street

Explain that children must ask for help if toys roll into the street or driveway

Check the outdoor play area routinely. Remove trash, sharp branches, tools, lawn equipment, and animal feces

Surround electrical appliances in the play area, such as air conditioners, with fences so children cannot reach them

Be sure all outdoor play areas are fenced, especially near a street, parking lot, pond, well, or railroad track.

Remove gas grills from outdoor play areas and keep the gates closed.

Here are some tips for keeping children in your child care program safe outdoors.

Ensuring that the play area zone is protected requires cautious arranging and observing. Keep in mind that newborn children and little children, preschool-age kids, and school-age kids have diverse formative needs and capacities, and may require formatively extraordinary.

Distinctive age groups may require diverse play area gear in territories protected by wall to guarantee that play area are protected.

To decrease the danger of wounds from falls, ensure all play hardware has delicate surfacing underneath it. Materials, for example, sand, pea rock, rubber mulch, and wood chips are sufficiently delicate to retain falls. Grass and soil are not sufficiently delicate to retain the stun of a fall.

Try not to introduce free fill surfacing over hard surfaces, for example, cement or black-top. Routinely review surface and play area hardware for broken, worn, or missing parts.

Remove, repair, or replace items immediately. You should instruct kids to avoid the front and back of the swing area.

Ground Safety:

Outdoor Safety Guide

And Toddlers.For Babies

Dr. Rajindra P. SettySr. Consultant Paediatrics

GastroenterologistParas Bliss, Panchkula

Children love to play outdoors. It is a wonderful place to test one’s physical abilities and to just have fun. Keeping children safe at outdoors requires some special precautions. Spending time outdoors with your little one can be fun for both of you. But you’ll need to make sure they are protected from sun, humidity, and insects. Your little one’s new mobility will help make this a special time for both of you. They’ll be able to get a lot out of exploring the great outdoors, but you’ll have to be extra vigilant about protecting them from a host of new hazards.

Never leave children alone outside

Teach children not to play near the street

Explain that children must ask for help if toys roll into the street or driveway

Check the outdoor play area routinely. Remove trash, sharp branches, tools, lawn equipment, and animal feces

Surround electrical appliances in the play area, such as air conditioners, with fences so children cannot reach them

Be sure all outdoor play areas are fenced, especially near a street, parking lot, pond, well, or railroad track.

Remove gas grills from outdoor play areas and keep the gates closed.

Here are some tips for keeping children in your child care program safe outdoors.

Ensuring that the play area zone is protected requires cautious arranging and observing. Keep in mind that newborn children and little children, preschool-age kids, and school-age kids have diverse formative needs and capacities, and may require formatively extraordinary.

Distinctive age groups may require diverse play area gear in territories protected by wall to guarantee that play area are protected.

To decrease the danger of wounds from falls, ensure all play hardware has delicate surfacing underneath it. Materials, for example, sand, pea rock, rubber mulch, and wood chips are sufficiently delicate to retain falls. Grass and soil are not sufficiently delicate to retain the stun of a fall.

Try not to introduce free fill surfacing over hard surfaces, for example, cement or black-top. Routinely review surface and play area hardware for broken, worn, or missing parts.

Remove, repair, or replace items immediately. You should instruct kids to avoid the front and back of the swing area.

Ground Safety:

Outdoor Safety Guide

And Toddlers.For Babies