motion picture - joseph turow - fix

8/12/2019 Motion Picture - Joseph Turow - FIX

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CHAPTER #12THE MOVIE INDUSTRY

(Motion picture)

Febe Evangelita ! "ratia Eleonora ! #in$a Novita ! M% In$ranto &ra'etia$i *+,-


2/39

Motion &icture ('o.tion pic.ture)a e/uence o0 conecutive p1otograp1ic

i'age pro2ecte$ onto a creen in uc1 rapi$

ucceion a to give t1e illuion o0 'ove'ent%


3/39

Magician 3ere t1e 'ater 1o3'en o0 Europe an$ t1e Unite$

State in t1e 455% - earl6 a t1e 758 'agic per0or'ance ue$li$e to pro2ect '6tical picture onto 'o9e riing 0ro' caniter in t1eir

$ar9ene$ t1eater%

T1at 'agician 3ere particularl6 interete$ in t1e e:peri'ent in

creating8 an$ even pro2ecting8 'oving picture t1at inventor in t1e latter

part o0 t1e centur6 3ere con$ucting%

1790 1800s

THE

MAGICLANTERN


4/39

Flipped book with a motion

(Persistene o! "ision Phenomenon#


5/39

In t1e U%S%8 earl6 e:peri'ent 3it1 p1otograp1ici'age to i'ulate 'otion uggete$ t1e

poibilit6 o0 'otion picture%


6/39

1878


7/39

1889

E$ion ue$ t1e flexible photographic film invente$

b6 "eorge Eat'an to $evelop a 'otion picture

ca'era in 4478 but E$ion conceptuali;e$ t1e

co''ercial value o0 t1e invention a an arca$e

entertain'ent calle$ a kinetoscope%


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April 1896, NYC


9/39

T1o'a -r'at


10/39

Then

Fil' e'erge$ a a 'a 'e$iu' 3it1 t1e

$evelop'ent o0 t1eatrical preentation in

nickelodeonsan$ 3it1 t1e $evelop'ent o0

'a au$ience t1at inclu$e$ ne3l6 arrive$i''igrant%

Not t1i Nic9elo$eon%=


11/39

T1e Nickelodeon('ovie t1eater) 3a t1e 0irt

t6pe o0 in$oor e:1ibition pace $e$icate$ to

1o3ing pro2ecte$ 'otion picture% Uuall6 et up

in converte$tore0ront8 t1ee 'all8 i'ple t1eater c1arge$ 0ive cent 0or a$'iion an$

0louri1e$ 0ro' about 75> to 7>%

Early 1900s


12/39

A TRIP T$ THE M$$N

Frenc1'an "eorge M?li@ an$

-'erican E$3in S% &orter% - 'agician

an$ grap1ic artit8 'a$e 0anta6 0il'

3it1 elaboratel6 painte$ cener6 an$

9ill0ul ca'era e00ect 1i 0il' - Trip tot1e Moon i particularl6 3ell 9no3n 0or

intro$ucing ani'ation an$ cience

0iction narrative to t1e 'ovie buine%


13/39

E$ion an$ ot1eretabli1e$ t1e Motion

&icture &atent

Ao'pan6 (M&&A) a

a trut inten$e$ tocontrol t1e ne3

in$utr6 b6 'ean o0

patent an$ licening

t1e ue o0 e/uip'ent%

1908


14/39

T1e patent o3ne$ b6 t1e M&&A allo3e$

t1e' to ue 0e$eral la3 en0orce'ento00icial to en0orce t1eir licening

agree'ent an$ to prevent unaut1ori;e$

ue o0 t1eir ca'era8 0il'8 pro2ector8 an$ot1er e/uip'ent% In o'e cae8 1o3ever8

t1e M&&A 'a$e ue o0 hired thugsan$

mobconnection to violently$irupt

pro$uction t1at 3ere not licene$ b6 t1e

Trut


15/39

DECLINEMan6 in$epen$ent 0il''a9er8 31o controlle$ 0ro' one*/uarter to one*t1ir$

o0 t1e $o'etic 'ar9etplace8 repon$e$ to t1e creation o0 t1e M&&A b6

'oving t1eir operation to Holl63oo$%


16/39

BHYC

T1e $itance 0ro' E$ion 1o'e bae o0 Ne3

ere6 'a$e it 'ore $i00icult 0or t1e M&&A to

en0orce it patent%

Sout1ern Aali0ornia c1oen becaue o0 it beauti0ul6ear*roun$ 3eat1er an$ varie$ countr6i$e

it topograp168 e'i*ari$ cli'ate an$

3i$eprea$ irrigation gave it lan$cape t1e

abilit6 to o00er 'otion picture 1ooting cene et in$eert8 2ungle an$ great 'ountain%


17/39

HOLLYWOOD ERAT1e Stu$io S6te'G

Organi;e$ Vertical Integration (&ro$uction8

Ditribution8 E:1ibition)

Star S6te' (- 'ovie unit8 i c1eaper an$'a$e /uic9l6

loc9 boo9ing (I0 6ou 3ant to bu6 J-K Movie8 6ou

1ave to ta9e o'e o0 JK 'ovie in t1e pac9age


18/39

&RODUATION IN MOTION &IATURE

INDUSTRY


19/39

THEY DIDNT ALWAYS

PRODUCE THE MOVIES

THE MA%$R&


20/39

These firms create only a small fraction

(often one-third or less) of the movies to

which their names are attached. The reason

that their names are on the screen is thatthey are the distributors of the films. The

films are often produced by other

companies.


21/39

&ro$uction Fir'

o Ao'ing up 3it1

tor6 I$ea

o

Fin$ing Script3ritero Hiring t1e cre3

o Ma9e ure t1e 0il' i

carrie$ out on ti'ean$ on bu$get

Ditribution Fir'

o Fin$ing pro$uction

0ir'o Reponible 0or

0in$ing t1eatero &ro'ote t1e 0il'o Aontribute 'one6

to3ar$ t1epro$uction 0ir'

cot o0 'a9ing t1e

0il'


22/39

THE PROCESS

"etting t1e I$ea

Televiion S1o3 * Ao'ic oo9 * S1ort

torieScript3riter * oo9


23/39

"etting t1e Star

(Actor & Director, and the others)

-0ter purc1aing a cript8 pro$uction 0ir'


24/39

-AL*END DE-#a%9%a% &ercentage o0 t1e gro

- $eal in 31ic1 a pro$uction 0ir' convince a 'a2or actor

or $irector to ta9e a lo3er alar6 in return 0or a percentage

o0 t1e 'one6 t1at t1e pro$uction 0ir' 3ill later receive 0ro'

t1e $itributor

"UI#D-n union etabli1e$ b6 3riter8 $irector8 an$or

actor to protect t1eir 'utual interet an$ 'aintain

tan$ar$E:G Briter "uil$ o0 -'erica

&rovi$e le 1ig1l6 pai$ 3or9er

Stri9e In +55+554

Aancellation o0 pro$uction


25/39

The average cost of

ov!e "ro#$ct!o% & #!str!'$t!o% ,5 'illion

S"!#era% ( +>5 'illion

P!rates of Car!''ea% P55 'illion

"etting a 3ell 9no3n actor to pla6 a lea$ actor Q -ttract people Q MONEY

S


26/39

Find/Buy Script

Find !ecutives" #irectors" and the stars

$alculate the cost

Search for Studios % #istributors

&' *&+T,Film % Budet

pproved,

Studio provides the money

Prod'tion

*ndependent firms have a harder time ettin the money to mae a film

So0


27/39

The fun part Getting to the actual making of the moie

Important Crew (besides the director)

#ine &ro$ucer

Aating $irector

Set $eigner

Aotu'e $eigner

Ma9eup e:pert

Ao'puter grap1ic peronnel

Aine'atograp1er

Aa'era peron

#ig1tingRecor$ing Engineer

E$itor


28/39

&reparation&re*&ro$uction

Script8 propertie8 e/uip'ent8 lig1ting8 oun$8 etc)

(Rea$ing8 loc9ing8 Re1earal)

T1e Da6&ro$uctionS1ooting

Revie3

Reta9e==%

&at*&ro$uctionE$iting (Roug1 AutFine Aut)

Soun$ Mi:ing Ao'poing

SF A"IRevie3 6 Director

E$iting (again)

%

%

%

IT


29/39

THE D!STR!"#T!O$T1e 0irt or$er o0 buine 0or a $itributor i%%%% To get'ovie%

Ma2or $itributor

Fin$ Stu$io Areate t1eir o3n 'ovie

Fin$ ot1er 0il' Fro' ot1er place

-u$ience an$ E:ecutive De'an$

Aollaboration o0 Ma2orS1aring t1e cot T1e &ro0it8 lo3er t1e ri9

E:G Titanic (Fo: ! &ara'ount)

Titanic i $itribute$ in t1e US b6 &ara'ount8 an$ in t1e 3orl$3i$e b6 +5t1 Aentur6 FO


30/39

Releae Date

T1e $a6 on 31ic1 t1e 0il' 3ill open in t1eater%

A1ooing a releae $ate i a c1allenge8 becaueGDi00erent ocietie Q Di00erent 'oviegoing 1abit ! Min$ t1e Holi$a6 in $i00erent Aountrie

Title Teting

Aon$ucting intervie3 3it1 0il'goer in or$er to $eter'ine 31ic1 o0 a nu'ber o0

title (or na'e) 0or an upco'ing 0il' 3ill $ra3 people in t1e target au$ience to t1e

t1eater to ee t1e 0il'&- or print an$ a$vertiing

T1e e:pene t1at $itributor incur in 'a9ing print o0 t1eir 0il' 0or t1eater an$

'ar9eting t1e 0il' to t1e public% E:G &oter

Reearc1 on t1e public


31/39

THE RELAT!O$SH!P "ETWEE$ D!STR!"#TORS A$DTHEATER CHA!$SDitributor an$ T1eater nee$ eac1 ot1er%

Ho3 relation1ip 3or9C T1eater 1a boo9ing $ivion in

$i00erent area Ditributor in0ro' boo9ing $ivion

'ont1 in a$vance o0 31at 0il' t1e6 inten$ to releae t1e $itributor en$ T1eater

publicit6 'aterial T1eater 'a9e an eti'ate i0 t1at

'ovie 3ill $o at t1e bo: o00ice or

not I0 t1e 0il' 3ill 1ave a li'ite$ or

e:cluive releae8 t1e $itributor

3ill 3ant to place it in location

31ere t1e target au$ience 0or t1e

0il' live%


32/39

%inancial Agreement& Ditribution an$ e:1ibition e:ecutive negotiate an exhibition license 0oreac1 t1eater

E:1ibition licene alo et t1e 0inancial arrange'ent

coni$eration t1e $itributor


33/39

$on Theatrical Di&tri'ution ( E)hi'ition

Traditional and 1nline 2ideo StoresStore in 31ic1 conu'er bu6 t1e vi$eo rat1er t1an

2ut renting t1e'

Ao'panie t1at purc1ae releae 0ro' 0il' $itributor

an$ t1en rent t1e' on a pa6*per*$a6 bai to in$ivi$ual

cuto'er

ell*t1roug1 outlet

rental outlets


34/39

$on Theatrical Di&tri'ution ( E)hi'ition *cont+,

!hibition of 3ovies on Television


35/39

4*'$5(t1e unaut1ori;e$ $uplication o0 cop6rig1te$ 'aterial 0or pro0it)


36/39

-ETHODS O% P!RACY +avin someone tae a video

camera into a theater and shoot

the movie. Smule a movie out of the

theater" $opy it" and return the

oriinal.

#uplicate the oriinal #2# intomany copies.

6pload the movie to the internetUn$er preure 0ro' t1e Unite$ State8 t1e

A1inee govern'ent too9 action againt ra'pant

'e$ia pirac6% - a part o0 t1at action8 'illion o0pirate$ AD an$ DVD 3ere $etro6e$ b6


37/39

3edia iteracy and the 3otion 4icture *ndustry3oviemain in many ways lies at the center of merican 4opular $ulture.


38/39

THE !-PACT.Cultural Dier&it/ (Cultural Coloniali&m

Aultural Diver6

JT1e U%S% 'ovie in$utr6 i 9eeping -'erican iolate$ 0ro' i'portant

apect o0 3orl$ cultureK

Aultural Aoloniali'i t1e proce b6 31ic1 t1e 'e$ia content o0 a $o'inating ociet6 (in t1i

cae8 t1e Unite$ State) urroun$ people o0 anot1er ociet6 3it1 value

an$ belie0 t1at are not t1oe o0 t1eir o3n ocietie%


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THAN) *$+

motion picture - joseph turow - fix

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