motion summary judgement utah ag sb54 lawsuit

8/20/2019 Motion Summary Judgement Utah AG SB54 lawsuit

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PARKER DOUGLAS (8924)Utah Federal Solicitor

DAVID N. WOLF (6688)

THOMAS D. ROBERTS (2773)KYLE J. KAISER (13924)

Assistant Utah Attorneys General

OFFICE OF THE UTAH ATTORNEY GENERAL

350 North State Street, Ste. 230P.O. Box 142320

Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-2320

Telephone: (801) 538-9600

Facsimile: (801) 538-1121E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

Counsel for Defendants

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF UTAH, CENTRAL DIVISION

UTAH REPUBLICAN PARTY,

Plaintiff,

CONSTITUTION PARTY OF UTAH, a

registered political party of Utah,

Plaintiff and Intervenor,

v.

GARY R. HERBERT, in his Official Capacityas Governor of Utah, and SPENCER J. COX,

in his Official Capacity as Lieutenant Governorof Utah,

Defendants.

DEFENDANTS’ REPLY TO THE UTAHREPUBLICAN PARTY’S

MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITON TO

DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR

SUMMARY JUDGMENT

Case No. 2:14-cv-00876-DN-DBP

Judge David NufferMagistrate Judge Dustin B. Pead

Case 2:14-cv-00876-DN-DBP Document 194 Filed 10/20/15 Page 1 of 38

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... v

II. RESPONSE TO STATEMENT OF ELEMENTS AND UNDISPUTED MATERIAL

FACTS ........................................................................................................................................... vi

A. Response To Elements ........................................................................................... vi

Element 1: .............................................................................................................. vi

Element 2: ............................................................................................................ viii

Element 3: .............................................................................................................. ix

B. Response To The Utah Republican Party’s Statement Of Facts: .......................... xi

III. ARGUMENT ....................................................................................................................... 1

A.

The Court’s Rationale For Denying Plaintiff’s Preliminary Injunction Motion IsApplicable. ........................................................................................................................... 1

B. To Survive Summary Judgment Plaintiff Must Raise Facts That Are Concrete, Discrete,and Well Defined. ................................................................................................................ 2

C. Plaintiff’s As Applied Challenge Is Not Supported By Evidence. ...................................... 3

D. The State Can Require Political Parties To Nominate Candidates Through Primary

Elections. ............................................................................................................................. 6

E. The Statute Does Not Burden The Party’s Free Speech Rights. ......................................... 8

F. Plaintiff’s Equal Protection Claim Should Be Dismissed. .................................................. 9

IV.

CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 11



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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases

American Party of Tex. v. White, 415 U.S. 767 (1974) .................................................................. 6

Anderson v. Celebrezze, 460 U.S. 780 (1983) .................................................................... vii, x, 10

Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. 242 (1986) ...................................................................... vi, 6

Brunson v. Provident Funding Associates, 608 F. App'x 602 (10th Cir. 2015) ............................. 1 Burdick v. Takushi, 504 U.S. 428 (1992) ............................................................................... passim

Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986) .......................................................................... vi, 6

City of Cleburne, Tex. v. Cleburne Living Ctr ., 473 U.S. 432 (1985) ............................................ x

Clingman v. Beaver , 544 U.S. 581 (2005) ...................................................................................... 2Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, 553 U.S. 181 (2008) .............................................. vii

Fulani v. Krivanek, 973 F.2d 1539 (11th Cir. 1992) ................................................................ x, 10Gonzales v. Carhart, 127 S.Ct. 1610 (2007) ................................................................................ vii Idaho Republican Party v. Ysursa, 765 F. Supp. 2d 1266 (D. Idaho 2011) ............................... 4, 5

Jones, 530 U.S. ................................................................................................................... 2, 3, 5, 6

Leavitt v. Jane L., 518 U.S. 137 (1996) ....................................................................................... viii Nevada Com’n on Ethics v. Carigan, 131 S.Ct. 2343 (2011) .................................................... ix, 8 New York State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres, 552 U.S. 196 (2008) ................................. 6, 7, 8

Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., 169 F.3d 16 (1999) ................................................................... viii

Norman v. Reed , 502 U.S. 279 (1992) .......................................................................................... viiObama for Am. v. Husted, 697 F.3d 423 (6th Cir. 2012).......................................................... x, 10

Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982)................................................................................................. x

Pullman Co. v. Knott, 235 U.S. 23 (1914) ................................................................................... viii Republican Party of Ark. v. Faulkner Cnty., Ark., 49 F.3d 1289 (8th Cir. 1995) ..................... x, 10 Rogers v. Corbett, 468 F.3d 188 (3d Cir. 2006) ....................................................................... x, 10

Stewart v. Utah Public Service Comm'n, 885 P.2d 759 (Utah 1994) ..................................... viii, ix

Storer v. Brown, 415 U.S. 724 (1974) ................................................................................... ix, x, 8Tashjian v. Republican Party of Conn., 479 U.S. 208 (1986) ........................................................ 2

Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party, 520 U.S. 351, (1997) ....................................... ix, 2, 8, 9

Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party, 552 U.S. 442 (2008) . vii, viii, 8Yazoo &M.V.R. Co.v. Jackson Vinegar Co., 226 U.S. 217 (1912) .............................................. viii

Statutes

U.C.A. § 20A-9-101(12)(a) ....................................................................................................... xxivU.C.A. § 20A-9-401(2) ................................................................................................................. xx

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-1-103 ........................................................................................................ ix

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-101(12)(e) .......................................................................................... xxvUtah Code Ann. § 20A-9-401 ...................................................................................................... xiii

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-401(1) .................................................................................................... 9

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-406 ..................................................................................................... xxv

Utah Code Ann. §§ 20A-9-101 ..................................................................................................... xii


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iv

Rules

Fed. R. Civ. P 56 ......................................................................................................................... v, 6

Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) ................................................................................................................... v, 6

Other Authorities

Wright et. al., 10B Fed. Practice & Procedure Civil 3d § 2738 (2008)...................................... viii


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v

Pursuant to DUCivR 56-1 and Fed. R. Civ. P 56, Defendants Utah Governor R. Gary

Herbert and Utah Lieutenant Governor Spencer J. Cox (“Defendants”), through counsel, su bmit

their reply to the Utah Republican Party’s (“Plaintiff” or the “Party”) memorandum in opposition

to Defendants’ motion for summary judgment.

I. INTRODUCTION

Plaintiff contends that it does not need to present evidence in support of its as applied

challenge. Plaintiff ’s contention is not correct. To succeed on an as applied challenge, Plaintiff

must present evidence demonstrating that the statute, as applied specifically to the Utah

Republican Party, severely burdens the Party’s rights.

Plaintiff has not presented any evidence showing that the statute severely burdens its

constitutional rights. Plaintiff has not presented evidence showing that unaffiliated voters will

vote in the Party’s primary or sign nomination petition signatures. Evidence of the actual effect

that the unaffiliated voter provision will have on the Party cannot be gathered because Utah has

not conducted an election under the new law. Moreover, the Party has not identified any

statistical studies or polling data from other comparable states that conduct semi-closed primaries

where unaffiliated voters are allowed to participate in primary elections. Thus, the Party has not

presented evidence to show that the statute severely burdens its constitutional rights.

One of the purposes of Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 is to require a party, in advance of trial and

after a motion for summary judgment has been filed, to come forward with some minimal facts

to show that it may not be liable under the claims alleged or subject to the defenses asserted.1 In

the absence of such a minimal showing, a party moving for summary judgment should not be

1 See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e).


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required to undergo the expense of preparing for and participating in a trial of the issue

challenged.2 In this case Defendants should not be subject to the expense of preparing for and

participating in a trial because Plaintiff has not identified any evidence demonstrating that the

statute severely burdens its constitutional rights.

II. RESPONSE TO STATEMENT OF ELEMENTS AND UNDISPUTED MATERIAL

FACTS

A. Response To Elements

Element 1:

Plaintiff’s recitation of the legal standard to evaluate the constitutionality of election laws

is consistent with the legal standard identified by Defendants in their motion for summary

judgment. In Burdick v. Takushi, the United States Supreme Court stated:

to subject every voting regulation to strict scrutiny and to require that the

regulation be narrowly tailored to advance a compelling state interest, as

petitioner suggests, would tie the hands of States seeking to assure that

elections are operated equitably and efficiently.3

A court considering a challenge to a state election law must weigh the

character and magnitude of the asserted injury to the rights protected bythe First and Fourteenth Amendments that the plaintiff seeks to vindicate

against the precise interests put forward by the State as justifications for

the burden imposed by its rule, taking into consideration the extent to

which those interests make it necessary to burden the plaintiff’s rights.4

Thus, the severity of the burden that the regulation imposes as measured against the

asserted constitutional rights will determine the level of scrutiny the Court applies:

2 See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. 242 (1986); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317

(1986). 3 Burdick v. Takushi, 504 U.S. 428, 433 (1992).

4 Id. at 434 (internal quotations omitted).


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Under this standard, the rigorousness of our inquiry into the propriety of astate election law depends upon the extent to which a challenged regulation

burdens the First and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Thus, as we have

recognized when those were subjected to ‘severe’ restrictions, the regulationmust be ‘narrowly drawn to advance a State interest of compelling

importance.’ But when a state election law provision imposes only

‘reasonable, non-discriminatory restrictions’ upon the First and Fourteenth

Amendment rights of voters, ‘the State’s important regulatory interests aregenerally sufficient to justify’ the restrictions.

5

However, Plaintiff ’s claim is that the statute is unconstitutional as applied to the Utah

Republican Party.6 Plaintiff fails to identify the legal standard for reviewing an as applied

challenge. An as-applied challenge must raise facts that are “discrete and well-defined.”7 An

evidentiary record, containing more than mere speculation and conclusory assertions, is

necessary. For example, in Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party, 552

U.S. 442, 454-455 (2008), the Supreme Court emphasized that a statutory provision could not be

struck down “on the mere possibility of voter confusion.” Rather, there must be an “evidentiary

record against which to assess the[] assertions that voters will be confused.”8 Mere speculation

was insufficient.9 Similarly, in Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, 553 U.S. 181 at 1622

(2008), the Court cited the lack of “concrete evidence” in rejecting the constitutional challenge to

Indiana's photo identification statute. Thus, an as-applied challenge can succeed only if it is

5 Id. (citing and quoting Norman v. Reed , 502 U.S. 279, 289 (1992); Anderson v. Celebrezze, 460

U.S. 780, 788 (1983)).6 See generally Pl’s Compl. Doc. 2. Plaintiff has not pled a facial challenge to the statute. See id.

7 See Gonzales v. Carhart, 127 S.Ct. 1610, 1639 (2007).

8 Id. (citations omitted).

9 Id. at 1194.


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provision of the [election] part of the Utah Code, to which [SB54’s provisions] were added,

answers that question.”14

Utah Code Ann. § 20A-1-103 provides:

If any provision of . . . S.B. 54 or the application of any provision of . . .

S.B. 54 to any person or circumstance is held invalid by a final decision of

a court . . . the remainder of . . . S.B. 54 shall be given effect without the

invalid provision or application. The provisions of 2014 General SessionS.B. 54 are severable.

Element 3:

Plaintiff lists “Invidious Discrimination” as an element of the claims at issue. It is

unclear whether Plaintiff is attempting to list elements of a first amendment free speech claim or

a fourteenth amendment equal protection claim. In an abundance of caution, Defendants address

the elements of both claims below:

a. Free Speech Claim:

A political party does not have a First Amendment “right to use the ballot itself to send a

particularized message, to its candidate and to the voters, about the nature of its support for the

candidate. Ballots serve primarily to elect candidates, not as forums for political expression.”15

The Supreme “Court has rejected the notion that the First Amendment confers a right to use

governmental mechanics to convey a message.”16

“[T]he function of the election process is ‘to

winnow out and finally reject all but the chosen candidates,’ not to provide a means of giving

vent to “short-range political goals, pique, or personal quarrel[s].”17

“Attributing to elections a

14 Id.

15 Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party, 520 U.S. 351, 363, (1997)(citing Burdick, 504 U.S.

at 438 (KENNEDY, J., dissenting).16

Nevada Com’n on Ethics v. Carigan, 131 S.Ct. 2343, 2351 (2011)(quoting Timmons v. Twin

Cities Area New Party, 520 U.S. 351, 362-63 (1997); Burdick , 504 U.S. at 438)).17

Burdick, 504 U.S. at 434, 441 (quoting Storer v. Brown, 415 U.S. 724, 730 (1974)).


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xi

B. Response To The Utah Republican Party’s Statement Of Facts:

# Plaintiff’s Purported Facts Defendants’ Responses

1. The UTGOP is a Utah registered political

party.

Undisputed.

2. The Party is organized by its members to

nominate and support the election of

Republican candidates in partisan races

for elected office and to promote the principles set forth in its Platform.

Defendants object to Plaintiff’s use of a

document that has not been previously

produced. Plaintiff has a duty to

supplement its initial disclosures and failedto provide Defendants with the 2015

Official Version of the Utah Republican

Party Constitution until October 10, 2015,

when it was attached as an Exhibit to doc.

177. Notwithstanding this objection, andwithout waiving the same, Defendants state

that the 2015 Utah Republican PartyConstitution speaks for itself and

specifically identifies as one of its general

purposes that “[t]he Party shall . . . performParty functions set forth in the election

laws of the State of Utah . . . .” Doc. 177-1

Art. I B.

3. In furtherance of its mission, the Party’s

has adopted a platform to express itscommon message on the timely political

issues of the day.

Defendants object because the cited pages

of Mr. Evans’ deposition do not provideevidentiary support for the allegation

contained in paragraph 3. Notwithstanding

this objection, and without waiving thesame, Defendants do not dispute that the

Utah Republican Party has adopted a

Platform.

4. The Party is the dominant political partyin Utah in terms of the number ofmembers and its success in getting its

nominees elected to public office at thefederal, state, and local levels.

Undisputed, but not a relevant or materialfact.

5. The Party’s success in getting its

candidates elected is attributable to thecandidate selection process that the Party

has chosen and designated for itself.

Defendants object to the assertions

contained in paragraph 6 based on lack offoundation and speculation.


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6. Compliance with this process is so

important that the Party recently amended

its constitution to provide that “Party

membership is open to any resident of theState of Utah who registers to vote as a

Republican and complies with the Utah

Republican Party Constitution and Bylaws….”




supplement its initial disclosures anddiscovery responses and failed to provide

Defendants with the 2015 Official Version

of the Utah Republican Party Constitutionuntil October 10, 2015, when it was

attached as an Exhibit to doc. 177.

Defendants’ further object to Plaintiff’s

assertion that compliance with thecandidate selection process was the reason

the Party recently amended its Constitution

on the basis of an absence of evidentiarysupport. Notwithstanding this objection,

and without waiving the same, Defendants

do not dispute that the Utah RepublicanParty has amended its Constitution to

include the highlighted definition of

membership: “Party membership is open

to any resident of the State of Utah whoregisters to vote as Republican and

complies with the Utah Republican

Party Constitution and Bylaws, and

membership may be further set forth inthe Utah Republican Party Bylaws.”

7. The State is limited in what it can require

in terms of how a registered political party

selects its candidates, mandating, in

relevant party, only that the Party registerwith the State, identify its name and

emblem, and adopt a constitution and

bylaws that contain “a procedure forselecting party candidates at the federal,

state, and county levels that allows active

participation by party members.”


contained in paragraph 7 because they are

legal conclusions as opposed to facts.

Defendants further object because the cited pages of Mr. Thomas’ deposition do not

provide evidentiary support for the

assertions contained in paragraph 7.Defendants dispute that the assertions

contained in paragraph 7 are an accurate

statement of law. The selection process forcandidates seeking a registered political party’s nomination to elected office is set

forth in Utah Code Ann. §§ 20A-9-101 to -

809.


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8. The Party has designated a candidate

selection process that seeks to ensure that

its members are substantively engaged

and motivated to contribute to the Party’smission and message, and that its

candidates represent the Platform and are

responsive to the demands of members.

The assertions contained in paragraph 8 are

not relevant or material facts. Defendants

also object because the cited pages of Mr.

Gabrielson’s and Mr. Lifferth’sDeclarations do not provide evidentiary

support for the allegations contained in

paragraph 8. Defendants further object because Mr. Gabrielson’s and Mr.

Lifferth’s Declarations are based on

speculation and lack adequate foundation.

9. This designated candidate selection

process is the culmination of years of

experience and effort by the Party todesign a process that will reliably produce

candidates that have broad Party support,represent its Platform and ideals, and have

the ability to win general elections.

Undisputed, but the assertions contained in

paragraph 9 are not relevant or material

facts.

10. Utah election code prohibits provisions

governing primary elections from beingconstrued “to govern or regulate the

internal procedures of a registered

political party.”


contained in paragraph 10 because they arelegal conclusions as opposed to facts.

Moreover, Plaintiff has only included part

of Utah Code Ann. § 20A-9-401, which

provides, in its entirety:§ 20A-9-401. Primary elections:

(1) This part shall be construed liberally soas to ensure full opportunity for persons to

become candidates and for voters to

express their choice.

(2) This part may not be construed to

govern or regulate the internal procedures

of a registered political party.

11. In this, the State has admitted that it has

no interest or authority in dictating to

the Party how it should choose its

candidates.

Disputed. Defendants object because thecited pages of Mr. Thomas’ deposition do

not provide evidentiary support for the

assertions contained in paragraph 11.


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12. The State has admitted that it has no

interest or authority to review the Party’s

designated candidate selection process to

determine its compliance with the Utahelection code.

Defendants object because the cited pages

of Mr. Thomas’ deposition do not provide

evidentiary support for the assertions

contained in paragraph 12. Mr. Thomas’stestimony on this issue was as follows:

Q. Would you say that the State has aninterest in whether a political party

complies with its constitution and bylaws

or not?

A. There's no statutory review process or

rejection process that the lieutenant

governor has under the statute and it's notsomething that we've ever dealt with before

and conducted. So I don't know how we

would react if that were to come across. It just hasn't been an issue before. Doc. 69-3

133:16-24.

Q. Do you dispute that the Utah ElectionCode mandates that a party comply with its

constitution -- a registered political party

comply with its constitution and bylaws?

MR. WOLF: Objection, the Utah Election

Code speaks for itself. You may answer.

THE WITNESS: The statute provides what

the state political parties need to contain

within their constitution and bylaws.There's no provision that allows or requires

us to review those to ensure that they're in

compliance. Again, it's not an issue that

we've ever had. But seeing that there's no

statutory process or requirement, it's likemany other things in the election code that

are there and there's no necessaryenforcement of it. Doc. 69-3 135:7-21.


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13. The State has admitted that should not

construe that part of Utah’s election code

providing for primary elections to govern

or regulate the internal procedures of aregistered political party.


contained in paragraph 13 as vague and

ambiguous and are unable to provide a

response because there appears to belanguage missing.

14. The candidate selection process that the

Party has designed and implemented

includes caucus meetings, nominating andorganizing conventions, and, where the

party deems necessary, a primary election.

Undisputed, but not a material fact.

15. At caucus meetings, members of the

party, organized by neighborhood

precincts, select delegates to the Party’scounty and state nominating conventions.

Participation is strictly limited to

registered Party members.


16. The Party’s bylaws mandate that caucus

meetings begin with a prayer, therecitation of the pledge of allegiance, and

reading of the Party’s Platform.


17. These procedures ensure that the Party’s

caucus meetings engage members

substantively in the organization’s

common views and principles, and thatthose selected as Party delegates

understand and accept the responsibility

and trust their fellow members have placed in them to vet candidates and play

a leadership role in the Party.

Defendants do not dispute that the Party’s

caucus meetings are designed or intended

to “engage members substantively in the

organization’s common views and principles, and that those selected as Party

delegates understand and accept

responsibility and trust their fellowmembers have placed in them to vet

candidates and play a leadership role in the

party.” The evidentiary support for theassertions contained in paragraph 17 does

not provide foundation for whether the

Party’s caucus meetings “ensure” the stated

purpose.

18. At the Party’s county and statenominating conventions, the delegates

selected at neighborhood caucus meetings

vote to nominate the Party’s candidatesfor partisan federal, state and local elected

offices.




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19. By employing a process where the Party’s

candidates are selected by delegates, who

themselves were selected by members at

neighborhood caucuses around the state,the Party ensures that delegates are able to

engage candidates in substantive

discussions on the issues important toParty members, vet them more rigorously

than a process without the caucus and

convention processes, and eliminate

candidates that do not represent Partyvalues and standards.


contained in paragraph 13 as speculative

and lacking foundation.

20. Among other things, the Party requiresthat candidates seeking its nomination for

elected office sign and submit acertification that they will comply with

Party’s candidate selection rules and

processes.

Defendants object to Plaintiff’s use of adocument that has not been previously

produced. Plaintiff has a duty tosupplement its initial disclosures and failed

to provide Defendants with the 2015

Official Version of the Utah RepublicanParty Bylaws until October 10, 2015, when

it was attached as an Exhibit to doc. 177.

Notwithstanding this objection, and

without waiving the same, Defendants statethat the 2015 Utah Republican Party

Bylaws speak for themselves.

21. The Party also requires that candidates

seeking its nomination sign and submit adisclosure statement regarding the Party

Platform prior to the nominating

convention so that delegates may considerit in advance of their selection.


document that has not been previously produced. Plaintiff has a duty to

supplement its initial disclosures and failed

to provide Defendants with the 2015Official Version of the Utah Republican

Party Bylaws until October 10, 2015, when






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22. In that Platform disclosure statement,

candidates must certify that they are “not

a candidate, officer, delegate nor position

holder in any party other than theRepublican party,” that they have “read

the … Platform,” and that they either

“support … and accept it” in its entirety,or with the exceptions specified, “as the

standard by which [their] performance as

a candidate and as an officeholder should

be evaluated.”






Party Bylaws until October 10, 2015, whenit was attached as an Exhibit to doc. 177.


without waiving the same, Defendants state

that the 2015 Utah Republican PartyBylaws speak for themselves.

23. The Party’s nominating convention procedures require that delegates be

notified of any candidate’s failure tosubmit a Platform disclosure statement

immediately prior to balloting for that

candidate’s office.


produced. Plaintiff has a duty tosupplement its initial disclosures and failed

to provide Defendants with the 2015

Official Version of the Utah RepublicanParty Bylaws until October 10, 2015, when





24. Except for candidates running unopposed,

delegates to the nominating conventionvote for Party nominees only after

substantive speeches are made either by

the individual candidates or on their behalf.



https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935https://ecf.utd.uscourts.gov/doc1/18303457935


18/38

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25. The Party’s constitution and bylaws

dictate the voting procedure for the

nominating conventions, mandating

multiple ballots for each elected officeuntil the field is winnowed to the top two

candidates, or until a candidate receives

60% or more of the delegate’s vote.

Defendants object to Plaintiff’s use of

documents that have not been previously




Party Constitution or Bylaws until October10, 2015, when these documents were

attached as Exhibits to doc. 177.



Constitution and Bylaws speak for

themselves.

26. The Party’s constitution provides that “[a]candidate for an office that receives 60%

or more of the votes cast at any point in

the balloting process at the statenominating conventions shall proceed to

the general election.”





Party Constitution until October 10, 2015,

when it was attached as an Exhibit to doc.177. Notwithstanding this objection, and

without waiving the same, Defendants statethat the 2015 Utah Republican PartyConstitution speaks for itself.

27. If no candidate receives 60% or more of

the delegates�

motion summary judgement utah ag sb54 lawsuit

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