Krishantha Jayasundara (BA, PQHRM, NDTHRD)

Motivation

What do you mean by

“motivation” ?

Understating of Motivation

Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people

to continuously be interested and committed to a job, role or subject

Or to make an effort to attain a goal.

Motivation results from

• Intensity of desire or needs• Reward value of the goal• Expectations from the individual

Example: A student will spend extra time studying for a test

because he or she wants a better grade in the class

Motivation

• Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviours.

Motivation is what causes to act whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or a reading a book to gain knowledge.

A Definition to remember

• Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action or to push the right button to get desired action.

Michael J. Jucius (1950)Fifth President

University of Chicago

Motivational Framework

Unsatisfied need

Search for need satisfaction

Need oriented behaviour

Performance

Reward of punishment

Evaluation

Why we need motivation(Objectives)?

To energize people towards identified goals,

results or outcomes.

To enable people to achieve more than average or

acceptable performance

level.

To realize the higher potential or individuals.

Importance & Advantages of Motivation

• Motivation ensures better utilization of resources and reduce wastage.

Importance & Advantages of Motivation

Capacity to work

Willingness to Work

Importance & Advantages of Motivation

Capacity to work

Willingness to Work

Bridge (Motivation)

Importance & Advantages of Motivation

• labour turnover• Absenteeism• Tardiness• Disciplinary issues• Grievances

Reduce organizational issues

Importance & Advantages of Motivation

• Improves productivity as the individuals work with team spirit and high coordination.

As people are highly motivated, they prefer to acquire knowledge skills and attitude.

Importance & Advantages of Motivation

• People will accept changes and be ready to take challenges.

Importance & Advantages of Motivation

• Employees will have positive attitudes it will reduce conflicts among them.

Basic Principles of Motivation

All people have some kind of motivation.

There are reasons behind the things

people do.

People cannot be motivated by

force.

Indicators of demotivation in an organization.

Increase labour motivation.

Late attendance

and absenteeism

Drop in production.

Product defects and quality

issues.

Interpersonal issues

Industrial disputes.

Motivation Theories

Hierarchy of Needs-Abraham Maslow

Two Factor Theory-Fredrick Herzberg

Theory X & Y-Douglas McGregor

ERG Theory by Clayton Alderfer

Theory of Needs by David McClelland

Hierarchy of Needs

Abram Maslow

Physiological needs

Hierarchy of Needs

Self-actualizati

on

Esteem needs

Social needs

Safety needs

To be remembered by people even after death

To be someone in society, reputation

Friends, family, to love and to be loved

Place to be safe

Hunger, thirst, sex, and all bodily needs

Two Factor Theory

Fredrick Herzberg

Two Factor Theory

Motivators (Connected with Job)

Causes Satisfaction/motivati

on

Hygiene Factors (Connected to Environment)

Reduce Dissatisfaction

• Achievement

• Recognition

• Responsibility

• Personal Growth

• Nature Of Work

• Working Conditions

• Company Policies &

Administration

• Salary, benefits, job security

• Interpersonal Relationships

• Quality of Supervision

Theory “X” & “Y”

“X” Theory (Negatives)• They dislike work.• They will attempt to avoid work.• They are less motivated• As they dislike work they must be

controlled, threatened and punished to get work done.

Theory “X” & “Y”

“Y” Theory (Positives)• They like to work.• They are motivated and goal oriented.• They have self-control and don’t need

to be controlled.• They can assume responsibility at

given time.• Good at taking innovative decisions and

fit for managerial positions.

Clayton Alderfer

ERG Theory

Self-actualizatio

n

Self-esteem

Social needs

Safety needs

Physiological needs

Existence Needs

Relatedness Needs

Growth Needs

Existence

Relatedness

Growth

David McClelland

Need Theory

Need for Achievement

Need for Power

Need for Affiliation

• Need to have friendly and close relations

• The need to others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise

• The drive to excel• Become successful in career

Victor Vroom

Expectancy Theory

• When employees know that they get a high level of reward, they will be motivated to perform well.

RewardEffort Performance

• There is a positive correlation between efforts and performance.

• Favorable performance will result in a desirable reward.

• The reward will satisfy an important need.

How to motivate people

Be motivated by yourself.

Have a dream/vision.

Select people who are highly

motivated-set an example.

Treat each person as an individual.

Set realistic and challenging goals.

Create a motivating

environment.

Make progress-remember that

progress motivate people.

Provide fair rewards.

Provide recognition.

Reinforce relationships.

Job Design for Motivation

Job Enlargement

Job Enrichmen

t

Job Rotation

Motivation

Job Enlargement

• Additional duties and responsibilities.• Increasing number of operations in

which the employee is engaged.

Job Content

Job Content

Horizontal Expansion of Job

Job Enrichment

• Making the job more exciting and challenging by adding,

• More benefits• Opportunities• Satisfactory factors

Job Rotation

Payroll

Interview &

Selection

EPF & ETF

Health &

Safety

HRIS

Job Rotation

Giving different exposure into jobs in

the same department or in another.

At the shop floor level, it is done to relieve

boredom and monotony.

Job rotation is given to mangers to improve

their general managerial skills.