Motivation

Subhash Kumar Anupam Singh Ankush Pal Ajay Singh

Presented By :

Definition of motivation

• Motivation represents forces acting within a person the causes a person to behave in a specific, goal-directed manner (Slocum and Hellriegel, 2007 p.392).

• The arousal, direction, and persistence of behaviour (Daft 2005 p.588).

• “The greatest motivational act one person can do for another is to listen”. (Roy E. Moody)

Newton’s First Law of (Motivation) Motion

• Every body persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight - line, unless it is compelled to change that state by force impressed on it.

• “Human beings too, do not change their state of affairs unless a force is applied on them. People do not take initiative or an action until they are compelled to do so”.

Newton’s Second Law of (Motivation) Motion

• The rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts.

• “The mass (individual’s competence) remains constant, it is the person's desire/interest (the velocity) decides the extent of his success. More the desire and interest towards a particular job; better is his chance of success”.

The Motivation Process

Unsatisfied need

Tension DriversSearch behavio

urSatisfied need

Reduction of the

tension

An unsatisfied need creates tension that stimulates the drive within an individual to generate a search behaviour to fins particular goals, if attained, will satisfy the need and reduce the tension (Robbins and Decenzo, 2004 p.280).

A need is and internal state that makes certain outcomes attractive.

Content Theories

Motivation

•Maslow’s hierarchy of needs•Herzberg’s Two-factor theory

Maslow's HierarchyPhysiological Needs

Food and shelterSecurity and Safety Needs Danger, threats, and deprivationSocial Needs Belonging and acceptanceSelf-Esteem Needs Recognition and statusSelf-Actualization Needs Creativity and self-realization

Maslow theory – the explanation

• Lower-end needs are the priority needs, which must be satisfied before higher-order need are activated.

• Needs are satisfied in sequence.• When a need is satisfied, it declines in

importance and the next need becomes dominant.• To motivate an individual one must know where

that person is in the hierarchy and focus on satisfying at or above that level.

Implications of Maslow’s theory in the workplace

• Not everyone is motivated in the same way.

• Motivation and need satisfaction are anticipatory in nature.

• Managers must seek to guide and direct employee behaviour to meet the organizational needs and individual needs simultaneously.

Herzberg’s Two-factor Theory

Hygiene FactorsWorking conditions

Pay and securityCompany policies

SupervisorsInterpersonal relationships

MotivatorsAchievementRecognition

ResponsibilityWork itself

Personal growth

Motivation factors

Satisfaction No satisfaction

Hygiene factors

No dissatisfaction

dissatisfaction

Herzberg’s theory - explanation

• Hygiene factors involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers. When the hygiene factors are present, the individual is not dissatisfied; however when they are absent the individual is dissatisfied. In any case hygiene factors to not motivate.

• Motivators are factors that influence satisfaction and consequently motivate the person from within as he or she achieve the higher-level needs of achievement, recognition, and personal growth.

Implication of Herzberg’s theory

• Providing the hygiene factors will eliminate employee dissatisfaction bur will not motivate workers to high levels of achievement. Recognition, responsibility, and the opportunity to achieve personal growth will promote satisfaction and employee performance.

• The benefit of this theory has implication for the effect of company systems and job design (how work is arranged and how much employees control their work) on employee satisfaction and performance.

Satisfaction vs. DissatisfactionMotivators

AchievementGrowth

RecognitionResponsibility

HygieneCompensatio

nFringes

SupervisionWork

Conditions

•Thanks