motivation and emotion april 25, 2008. motivation, what is it?
TRANSCRIPT
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Motivation And Emotion
April 25, 2008
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Motivation, what is it?
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One of the challenges for modern psychology is to understand what
motivates people to act.
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Motivation
An urge or a need that leads to goal oriented behaviour.
It directs our behaviours.
The urge is triggered by a stimulus, so stimulus is the one which initiates need,
and it results in behaviour.
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Motivation is classified in 3 categories:
biological, psychological, and social.
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Biological Motivators
• We don’t learn about it, we’re born with it.
• Biological Motivators over any other type of drive.
• The drive: homeostasis
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Psychological Motivations
• The drives are related to mental well being.
• Psychological drive may come from a desire to obtain/gain a missing piece of information.
• In essence: information is the food of curiosity.
• Example: Rumors - Infotainment.
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2 Psychological Drives
• Sex
• Aggression
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Sex
• Biological or Psychological?
• The 2 reasons: Individual (not species) and arousal (not homeostasis).
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Aggression
• Active Aggressive Manner (ex: confront)
• Passive Aggressive Manner (ex: rumor)
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Social Motivators
• We’re not born with it, it is learned.• David McClelland (Achievement Motive,
1953): Type A and Type B person.• Final social motivator: Belongingness.• People engage in behaviors because
they feel a need to belong to a group.• Positive Negative impacts.
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Emotion
• One behavior may be linked to a variety of emotions (I.e: crying - sad, fear, happy).
• The ability to read emotion may lead to an improved understanding to a person’s behavior.
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James-Lange Theory, 1880s
• William James (US), Carl Lange (Denmark).
• Some stimulus in the environment results in a physiological change which is then interpreted as an emotion.
• The process is instantaneous.
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Criticism To The Theory
• Walter Cannon And Philip Bard (Cannon-Bard Theory, 1927).
• Emotions and Physiological changes happen simultaneously, not one after another.
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Expressions of Emotion
• Provide insight into the feelings of another.
• Non Verbal: facial expressions, gesture.
• Verbal: vocal expression – tone, rate of speech, pauses.
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Paul Ekman Emotions
• Happiness
• Surprise,
• Sadness
• Fear
• Disgust
• Anger
• Contempt (dislike)
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Motivation & Emotion
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1 Week Assignment
• A4
• Pick 1 emotion from Ekman’s
• Divided into 3 parts: facial, gesture, verbal (written explanation)