8-years of global observations of water 8-years of global observations of water isotopologues in the stratosphere and isotopologues in the stratosphere and

mesosphere by the Odin satellitemesosphere by the Odin satellite

J. Urban, D.P. Murtagh, P. Eriksson, ... J. Urban, D.P. Murtagh, P. Eriksson, ... Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SwedenChalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden

E. Dupuy, Y. Kasai, K. Walker, P. Bernath, G. Stiller, J. Steinwagner, ...E. Dupuy, Y. Kasai, K. Walker, P. Bernath, G. Stiller, J. Steinwagner, ...NICT Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; University of Toronto, Canada; KIT Karlaruhe; University of Utrecht NICT Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; University of Toronto, Canada; KIT Karlaruhe; University of Utrecht

Motivation / BackgroundMotivation / Background Water vapourWater vapour

Important greenhouse gas in UT/LSImportant greenhouse gas in UT/LS Middle atmospheric chemistry (source of HOx)Middle atmospheric chemistry (source of HOx)

Main water isotopologues:Main water isotopologues:

H2O-16, H2O-18, H2O-17, HDO, ...H2O-16, H2O-18, H2O-17, HDO, ...

VMSOW: VMSOW: 0.997, 0.00199, 0.00037, 0.0003, ... 0.997, 0.00199, 0.00037, 0.0003, ...

Changes of isotope ratio in the atmosphere: Changes of isotope ratio in the atmosphere: Condensation/evaporation processes (clouds, rain, Condensation/evaporation processes (clouds, rain,

vertical/horizontal transport)vertical/horizontal transport) Atmospheric chemistry (e.g. methane oxidation, ozone Atmospheric chemistry (e.g. methane oxidation, ozone

chemistry)chemistry)

MeasurementsMeasurements

Microwave limb sounding: major water linesMicrowave limb sounding: major water lines

Aura/MLS

183GHz

Odin/SMR489+557GHz

UARS/MLS 183GHzMAS/ATLAS (Space Shuttle)

JEM/SMILES

1991 20042001 2009

MLS183GHz

489GHz 557GHz

O2 O2

H2O H2O

SMR SMILES

The Odin satelliteThe Odin satelliteOdin - Swedish led mini-satellite,cooperation with Canada, Finland, France.

SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer)

OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System)

Launched in February 2001.

50% astronomy, 50% aeronomy.

Limb-sounding in aeronomy mode,

Polar sun-synchronous orbit: near global daily coverage.

Odin/SMR spectral rangeOdin/SMR spectral range

H2O, HDO,H2O-18, O3-18

490GHz

H2O-17, O3, NO551GHzClO, O3,

N2O, UTH501GHz

O3, HNO3,H2O, UTH, T

544GHzH2O, O3, T

557GHzCO, O3, T576GHz

Receiver A2 Receiver A1 Receiver B1

Receiver B2

Odin/SMR Water Isotope Mode: HOdin/SMR Water Isotope Mode: H22O, HDO, HO, HDO, H22O-18O-18

Chalmers-v2.1

490.4 GHzband

488.9 GHzband

~ 20 km

~ 35 km

~ 50 km

H2O-16

H2O-18O3-16

HDO

O3-18-symO3-18-asym

O3-17-asym

tropics - 2002-10-26

O3-img

Odin/SMR water isotope modeOdin/SMR water isotope mode

Retrieved profiles of H216O @ 488.9 GHz and HDO @ 490.4 GHz

• Simultaneous retrieval of H216O, O3, H2

18O / HDO, 18O3-asym, 18O3-sym, scan-bias, linear baseline (offset), temperature, and continuum

tropics - 2002-10-26 HDO (4.2S/129.9E)H216O (0.3S/106.5E)

Chalmers-v2.1

HH22O-17 @ 551.7 GHzO-17 @ 551.7 GHz

21 km

36 km

50 km

Odin/SMR 544.6 GHz water vapour Odin/SMR 544.6 GHz water vapour

tropics: altitude range ~16-25km

Lower stratospheric water vapour retrieved from H2O continuumLower stratospheric water vapour retrieved from H2O continuum

Global distributionGlobal distribution

Odin Odin water water

isotopeisotopemodemode

2008 - Sep - 13

2008 - Sep - 5

H2O-16

H2O-18

H2O-17

HDO

Maps at 35km!

Strato-mesospheric HStrato-mesospheric H22O-17 / 2007O-17 / 2007

Chalmers-v2.1 H2O-17 @ 551.7 GHz

Jul

OctApr

Jan Jul

OctApr

Water isotopes: seasonal averages 2001-2006Water isotopes: seasonal averages 2001-200615-85

km

v2.1

H2O HDO H218O

DJF

MAM

JJA

SON

90S EQ 90N 90S EQ 90N 90S EQ 90N

Intercomparison with Intercomparison with MIPAS and ACE/FTSMIPAS and ACE/FTS

H2OH2O

H2O: comparison Odin, HALOE, MIPAS, ACEH2O: comparison Odin, HALOE, MIPAS, ACE - tropics - - tropics -

Intercomparison with Intercomparison with MIPAS and ACE/FTSMIPAS and ACE/FTS

HDOHDO

HDO zonal mean: ACE/FTS vs Odin/SMRHDO zonal mean: ACE/FTS vs Odin/SMR 20ºS-20ºN 30ºN-60ºN 70ºN-90ºN

[courtesy: Eric Dupuy, K. Walker]

HDO: MIPAS - Odin - ACEHDO: MIPAS - Odin - ACE

[comparison: J. Steinwagner]

20km

26km

23km 26km

29km 32km 35km

September - October - November

Tape-recorderTape-recorder

Odin tropical H2O & HDO "tape-recorder"Odin tropical H2O & HDO "tape-recorder"

Chalmers-v2.1 data

HDO@490.4GHzHDO@490.4GHz

daily zonal meansChalmers-v2.0 data

H2O@544.6GHzH2O@544.6GHz

daily zonal means- 10day moving average

H2O@488.9GHzH2O@488.9GHz

Chalmers-v2.1 datadaily zonal means - 10day moving average

Odin/SMR Odin/SMR water isotopologues:water isotopologues:

2001-20102001-2010

Equivalent latitude Equivalent latitude time-series @ 655Ktime-series @ 655K

H2O-16H2O-16

H2O-18H2O-18

H2O-17H2O-17

HDOHDO

Odin/SMR water isotopologues

Chalmers-v2.1 data

~25km

Equivalent latitude Equivalent latitude time-series @ 960Ktime-series @ 960K

H2O-16H2O-16

H2O-18H2O-18

H2O-17H2O-17

HDOHDO

Odin/SMR water isotopologues

Chalmers-v2.1 data

~32km

Odin/SMR Odin/SMR H2O-18H2O-18@ 655K@ 655K

H2O-18@488.9GHz / Chalmers v2.1H2O-18@488.9GHz / Chalmers v2.1

Polar winter descentPolar winter descent

H2O-18 @ 488.9GHzH2O-18 @ 488.9GHztime-series:time-series:

high latitudes high latitudes

Water isotope modeIM_AC2ab, IM_AC2c

target species:H2O, H2O-18, HDO

2001-2008~1 observation day per week

smoothed over 30 dayszonal averages70-90S, 70-90N

SH

NH

H2O-18H2O-18

anomaly

anomaly

VMR

VMR

Odin/SMR H2O-18 at high eqv. latitudesOdin/SMR H2O-18 at high eqv. latitudes

1200K

840K

655K

520K

Time-seriesTime-series

Evolution of Evolution of Odin/SMR water Odin/SMR water

isotopesisotopesH2O 375-425K( ~16.5-18.5km)

H2O 475-825K( ~20-30km)

HALOE H2OOdin H2O 544.6GHzOdin H2O 488.9GHz

Odin HDOOdin H2O-17Odin H2O-18

ACE H2OACE HDO

MIPAS H2O

Odin water isotopes: 2001-2010

tropics, zonal mean

H2O 825-1400K( ~30-40km)

Odin water isotopes: 2001-2010

tropics, zonal mean

Evolution of Evolution of Odin/SMR water Odin/SMR water

isotopesisotopes

H2O 475-825K( ~20-30km)

HALOE H2OOdin H2O 544.6GHzOdin H2O 488.9GHz

Odin HDOOdin H2O-17Odin H2O-18

ACE H2OACE HDO

MIPAS H2O

H2O 825-1400K( ~30-40km)

H2O 375-425K( ~16.5-18.5km)

H2O evolution / tropicsH2O evolution / tropics

Water vapour / 30°S to 30°N / 25-35 km

SAGE

Odin/SMR

HALOE

Aura/MLS

H2

O a

no

ma

ly

[%]

Year

[Jones et al., ACP-2009]

1984-2008 - deseasonalized and combined data sets

green: all instrument weighted mean

Odin Odin carrying carrying SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer)SMR (Sub-Millimetre Radiometer) launched in February 2001launched in February 2001

now: now: ~9 years of observations~9 years of observations starting from Nov 2001 (quasi-global coverage). starting from Nov 2001 (quasi-global coverage). Continued operation through 2010 (ESA third party mission, 100% aeronomy).

Strato-mesospheric water vapour isotopologues:Strato-mesospheric water vapour isotopologues:

HH22O, HDO, HO, HDO, H22O-18, O-18, OO33-isotopes around 490GHz:-isotopes around 490GHz:

~4 days / month, Nov 2001 - , strat-mesosphere (~18/20-75km), now ~8 days / month

HH22O-17,O-17, NO, O NO, O33, T at 551GHz:, T at 551GHz:

~1 day / month, Oct 2003 - , strat-mesosphere (~20-75km), now ~4 days / month

Odin/SMR operational level-2 data: Chalmers-v2.1.

Quality assessment ongoing, e.g. MIPAS and ACE (H2O, HDO) intercomparison

SummarySummary

Summary: Odin H2O assessment (strat.)Summary: Odin H2O assessment (strat.) Odin stratospheric water vapour products:Odin stratospheric water vapour products:

1. Lower stratospheric H2O1. Lower stratospheric H2O at ~16-20km: 544.6GHz (v2.0) at ~16-20km: 544.6GHz (v2.0)

H2O@544.6GHzH2O@544.6GHz agrees well with HALOE in 375-425K (~16-19km) range, but agrees well with HALOE in 375-425K (~16-19km) range, but biased low at 425-500K (and not useful above).biased low at 425-500K (and not useful above).

2.2. Strato-mesospheric H2OStrato-mesospheric H2O, ~20-75km: 488.9GHz (v2.1), ~20-75km: 488.9GHz (v2.1)

H2O@488.9GHzH2O@488.9GHz agrees with HALOE in 500-1000K (~21-30km) range, agrees with HALOE in 500-1000K (~21-30km) range, but generally lower than ACE and CFH sondes. Low biased in middle but generally lower than ACE and CFH sondes. Low biased in middle and upper stratosphere and mesosphere. and upper stratosphere and mesosphere.

3.3. Strato-mesospheric HDOStrato-mesospheric HDO, ~18-70km: 490.4GHz (v2.1), ~18-70km: 490.4GHz (v2.1)

HDO@490.4GHz HDO@490.4GHz shows negative bias compared to MIPAS and ACE in shows negative bias compared to MIPAS and ACE in the (18-35km) range covered by the IR measurements. the (18-35km) range covered by the IR measurements.

4.4. Strato-mesospheric H2O-18Strato-mesospheric H2O-18, ~20-70km: 488.9GHz (v2.1), ~20-70km: 488.9GHz (v2.1)5.5. Strato-mesospheric H2O-17Strato-mesospheric H2O-17, ~20-80km: 551.7GHz (v2.1), ~20-80km: 551.7GHz (v2.1)

no correlative datano correlative data

H2O-16: Similar (seasonal, QBO) variability as HALOE, MIPAS, ACE in the H2O-16: Similar (seasonal, QBO) variability as HALOE, MIPAS, ACE in the relevant layers 375-425K (544.6GHz) and 500-1000K (488.9GHz).relevant layers 375-425K (544.6GHz) and 500-1000K (488.9GHz).

Thank you!Thank you!